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2011 Norway attacks

Index 2011 Norway attacks

The 2011 Norway attacks, referred to in Norway as 22 July (Norwegian: 22. juli), the date of the events, were two sequential lone wolf terrorist attacks by Anders Behring Breivik against the government, the civilian population, and a Workers' Youth League (AUF)-run summer camp. [1]

356 relations: Abu Suleiman al-Naser, Aftenposten, Aftonbladet, Age of Conan, Agence France-Presse, Agencja Bezpieczeństwa Wewnętrznego, Agricultural University of Kraków, AK-47, Aker University Hospital, Akershus, Ammonium nitrate, Anders Behring Breivik, ANFO, Ansar al-Jihad al-Alami, Armor-piercing shell, Arraignment, Articulated bus, Assault rifle, Ayaan Hirsi Ali, Åmot, Øystein Mæland, Útvar rychlého nasazení, ČT24, Bat Ye'or, BBC, BBC News Online, Beneš decrees, Benelli Nova, Bergens Tidende, Bernard Lewis, Black metal, Bodil Cappelen, Bologna massacre, Bolt action, Born again, Brno, Bruce Bawer, Bulletproof vest, Buskerud, Calcium ammonium nitrate, Call of Duty, Call of Duty: Modern Warfare 2, Car bomb, Central European Summer Time, Centre Party (Norway), CESNUR, Charles Martel, Chechnya, Chemical substance, Christendom, ..., Christian Democratic Party (Norway), Christianity Today, Collateral damage, Collective responsibility, Compendium, Conservative Party (Norway), Copycat crime, Counter-jihad, Counter-Strike: Source, Counties of Norway, Cover-up, Crimes against humanity, Criminal charge, Crusades, Cultural Christian, Cultural conservatism, Czech Republic, Dag Terje Andersen, Dagbladet, Dagen (Norwegian newspaper), Dagens Næringsliv, Daily Mail, Daniel Pipes, DeLillos, Democrats in Norway, Die Presse, District attorney, Document.no, Drammen, Edmund Burke, El Cid, Embezzlement, Emergency medical services, Emergency Response Unit (Norway), English Defence League, Eskil Pedersen, Ethnic nationalism, Eurabia, European Defence League, European route E16, European Union, Explosive material, Expo (magazine), Expulsion of Germans from Czechoslovakia, Extremism, Far-right politics, Fascism, Fædrelandsvennen, Felleskjøpet, Fertilizer, Fjordman, Foreign Policy, Forensic psychiatry, Fox News, Francesco Speroni, Frangibility, Frank Aarebrot, Frankfurt School, Free Congress Research and Education Foundation, Freedom Party of Austria, Frogner Church, Gardermoen Line, Gauge (firearms), Gazeta Wyborcza, Geert Wilders, Geir Lippestad, George Orwell, Georgia (country), Gjørv Report, Glenn Beck, Glock, God in Christianity, Grete Faremo, Gro Harlem Brundtland, Guilt (law), Haakon, Crown Prince of Norway, Hanna Gronkiewicz-Waltz, Hans Normann Dahl, Harakiri for the Sky, Harald Stabell, Harald V of Norway, Heathenry (new religious movement), Heavy Fire, Hectare, Hedmark, Henryk Broder, High treason, High-rise building, Hitler Youth, Hole, Norway, Hollow-point bullet, Holographic weapon sight, Homefront (video game), Human back, HV-016, Hypothermia, Hyundai Atos, Identity document, Ila Detention and Security Prison, Injury Severity Score, Insanity defense, International Business Times, Internet Archive, Islam, Islam in Europe, Islamization, Islamophobia, Israel, Jacques de Molay, Jan Tore Sanner, Janne Kristiansen, Jötunn, Jens Stoltenberg, Jeremy Clarkson, John III Sobieski, Jonas Dahlberg, Karin Moe, Karl Ove Knausgård, Kintsugi, Klassekampen, Knut Storberget, Koenraad Elst, Labour Party (Norway), Landscape, Lega Nord, Liberal Party (Norway), Life imprisonment in Norway, Lillestrøm, Linda Cathrine Hofstad Helleland, List of rampage killers (religious, political or racial crimes), Lone wolf (terrorism), Magnus Ranstorp, Mahatma Gandhi, Marcel Gleffe, Marxism, Mass shooting, Max Manus, Melanie Phillips, Memorial, Mette-Marit, Crown Princess of Norway, Middle Ages, Ministry of Education and Research (Norway), Ministry of Finance (Norway), Ministry of Justice and Public Security, Ministry of Petroleum and Energy, Mitt lille land, Mitt lille land (2011 album), Mladá fronta DNES, Moment of silence, Monika Olejnik, MS Thorbjørn, Multiculturalism, National Association of Scholars, National Council (Austria), NATO, Necessity (criminal law), Neighborhood association, Neo-Nazism, Neoconservatism, Nettavisen, Never Again MSD, Nicholas I of Russia, Non-governmental organization, Nordic countries, Norwegian Board of Forensic Medicine, Norwegian krone, Norwegian local elections, 2011, Norwegian News Agency, Norwegian parliamentary election, 2013, Norwegian People's Aid, Norwegian Police Security Service, Norwegian Police Service, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Norwegian Young Conservatives, November 2015 Paris attacks, Novinky.cz, NPR, NRK, NRK1, Office of the Prime Minister (Norway), Oklahoma City bombing, One of Us (book), Op-ed, Opinion, Oslo, Oslo Airport, Gardermoen, Oslo Cathedral, Oslo District Court, Oslo Metro, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevål, Ostrava, Ove Vanebo, Pamela Geller, Paranoid schizophrenia, Party for Freedom, Patriarchy, Personnel Armor System for Ground Troops, Pistol, Police of the Czech Republic, Polish Press Agency, Politics of Norway, Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine, Prague, Prime Minister of Norway, Prison, Progress Party (Norway), Progress Party's Youth, Przeginia, Lesser Poland Voivodeship, Psychological evaluation, Psychosis, Pump action, Queen Sonja of Norway, Rådhusplassen, Red Party (Norway), Red Youth (Norway), Regjeringskvartalet, Repatriation, Research Council of Norway, Richard I of England, Right-wing politics, Right-wing populism, Right-wing terrorism, Rigid-hulled inflatable boat, Ringerike District Court, Robert Spencer (author), Rocket-propelled grenade, Roger Andresen, Ruger Mini-14, Rzeczpospolita, San Francisco Chronicle, Sarpsborg, Scorpions (paramilitary), Sejm, Semi-automatic pistol, Semi-automatic rifle, September 11, Sigbjørn Johnsen, Ski, Norway, Sky News, Sniper: Ghost Warrior, Social media, Socialist Left Party (Norway), Sodium nitrate, Solidarity, Sony Music, Srđa Trifković, Stasi, State of Palestine, Stoneman Douglas High School shooting, Stop Islamisation of Norway, Storting, Stratfor, Supreme Court of Norway, Sveriges Radio, SWAT, Týden, Tea Party movement, Ted Kaczynski, Terrorism, The Australian, The Daily Telegraph, The Guardian, The Jerusalem Post, The New Republic, The New York Times, The New Zealand Herald, The Sunday Times, The Washington Post, Thomas Jefferson, Timothy McVeigh, Tommy Robinson (activist), Trams in Oslo, Trial of Anders Behring Breivik, TV 2 (Norway), Tyrifjorden, Ultranationalism, Utøya, Utøykaia, UTC+02:00, Utvika Camping, Vårt Land (Norwegian newspaper), Verdens Gang, Vlad the Impaler, Volkswagen Crafter, Vz. 58, Walking wounded, Warsaw University of Technology, Western Europe, WiiWare, William S. Lind, Winston Churchill, Workers' Youth League (Norway), World of Warcraft, World War II, Wrocław, Xenophobia, Zionism, .223 Remington, .308 Winchester, 112 (emergency telephone number), 2002 Bali bombings, 2004 Madrid train bombings, 2016 Nice attack, 22 July Information Center, 7.62×39mm. Expand index (306 more) »

Abu Suleiman al-Naser

Nu'man Salman Mansour al-Zaidi(نعمان سلمان منصو الزيدي), also known as Abu Suleiman al-Naser (أبو سليمان الناصر) was the military commander or "War Minister" of the militant group Islamic State of Iraq (ISI) during the Iraq War.

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Aftenposten

Aftenposten (Norwegian for "The Evening Post") is Norway's largest printed newspaper by circulation.

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Aftonbladet

Aftonbladet is a Swedish evening newspaper published in Stockholm, Sweden.

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Age of Conan

Age of Conan: Unchained (formerly known as Age of Conan: Hyborian Adventures) is a fantasy-themed massively multiplayer online role-playing game (MMORPG) developed by Funcom and published by Eidos Interactive for Microsoft Windows.

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Agence France-Presse

Agence France-Presse (AFP) is an international news agency headquartered in Paris, France.

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Agencja Bezpieczeństwa Wewnętrznego

The Agencja Bezpieczeństwa Wewnętrznego (ABW; English: Internal Security Agency, ISA) is Poland's domestic counterintelligence agency.

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Agricultural University of Kraków

The Agricultural University of Kraków (Polish: Uniwersytet Rolniczy w Krakowie), located in Kraków, Poland, became an independent university by decree of the Council of Ministers as of 28 September 1972.

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AK-47

The AK-47, or AK as it is officially known, also known as the Kalashnikov, is a gas-operated, 7.62×39mm assault rifle, developed in the Soviet Union by Mikhail Kalashnikov.

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Aker University Hospital

Aker University Hospital was founded in 1895 in Oslo, Norway.

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Akershus

Akershus is a county in Norway, bordering Hedmark, Oppland, Buskerud, Oslo, and Østfold; it also has a short border with Sweden (Värmland).

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Ammonium nitrate

Ammonium nitrate is a chemical compound, the nitrate salt of the ammonium cation.

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Anders Behring Breivik

Fjotolf Hansen (born Anders Behring Breivik (born 13 February 1979), also known by his pseudonym Andrew Berwick, is a Norwegian far-right terrorist who committed the 2011 Norway attacks. On 22 July 2011 he killed eight people by detonating a van bomb amid Regjeringskvartalet in Oslo, then shot dead 69 participants of a Workers' Youth League (AUF) summer camp on the island of Utøya. In August 2012 he was convicted of mass murder, causing a fatal explosion, and terrorism. On the day of the attacks, Breivik electronically distributed a compendium of texts entitled 2083: A European Declaration of Independence, describing his militant ideology. In them, he lays out a worldview encompassing opposition to Islam and blaming feminism for creating a European "cultural suicide".Jones, Jane Clare., The Guardian, 27 July 2011. The texts call Islam and "Cultural Marxism" the enemy and advocate the deportation of all Muslims from Europe based on the model of the Beneš decrees, while also claiming that feminism exists to destroy European culture. Breivik wrote that his main motive for the atrocities was to market his manifesto. Two teams of court-appointed forensic psychiatrists examined Breivik before his trial. The first report diagnosed Breivik as having paranoid schizophrenia. A second psychiatric evaluation was commissioned following widespread criticism of the first. The second evaluation was published a week before the trial; it concluded that Breivik was not psychotic during the attacks nor during the evaluation. He was instead diagnosed as having narcissistic personality disorder. His trial began on 16 April 2012, with closing arguments made on 22 June 2012. On 24 August 2012, Oslo District Court delivered its verdict, finding Breivik sane and guilty of murdering 77 people. He was sentenced to 21 years in prison, in a form of preventive detention that required a minimum of 10 years incarceration and the possibility of one or more extensions for as long as he is deemed a danger to society. This is the maximum penalty in Norway. Breivik announced that he did not recognize the legitimacy of the court and therefore did not accept its decision—he claims he "cannot" appeal because this would legitimize the authority of the Oslo District Court. While imprisoned, Breivik has identified himself as a fascist and a national socialist, saying he previously exploited counterjihadist rhetoric in order to protect ethno-nationalists. In 2015, he said that he has never personally identified as a Christian, and called his religion Odinism. In 2016, Breivik sued Norwegian Correctional Service, claiming that his solitary confinement violated his human rights and subjected him to degrading treatment and privacy violations. In its judgment of 20 April 2016, the City Court found that Breivik's rights under Article 3 of the Convention had been violated, but not those under Article 8. The government appealed against the City Court's judgment as concerned the finding of a breach of Article 3 of the Convention, while Breivik appealed as concerned the finding that Article 8 had not been breached. On 1 March 2017, the Court of Appeals ruled that neither Article 3 nor Article 8 had been breached. On 8 June 2017, Norway's Supreme Court upheld the verdict of the Court of Appeals. On 30 June 2017, Breivik filed a complaint with the European Court of Human Rights, which the court dismissed on 21 June 2018.

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ANFO

ANFO (or AN/FO, for ammonium nitrate/fuel oil) is a widely used bulk industrial explosive.

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Ansar al-Jihad al-Alami

Ansar al-Jihad al-Alami (أنصار الجهاد العالمي, Anṣār al-Jihād al-‘Alāmī, "helpers of the global jihad") is a jihadist group that came to international attention in the immediate aftermath of the 2011 Norway attacks, when it was reported that the group had claimed responsibility for the attacks.

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Armor-piercing shell

An armor-piercing shell, AP for short, is a type of ammunition designed to penetrate armor.

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Arraignment

Arraignment is a formal reading of a criminal charging document in the presence of the defendant to inform the defendant of the charges against them.

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Articulated bus

An articulated bus (either a motor bus or trolleybus) is an articulated vehicle used in public transportation.

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Assault rifle

An assault rifle is a selective-fire rifle that uses an intermediate cartridge and a detachable magazine.

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Ayaan Hirsi Ali

Ayaan Hirsi Ali (born Ayaan Hirsi Magan, 13 November 1969) is a Somali-born Dutch-American activist, feminist, author, scholar and former politician.

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Åmot

Åmot is a municipality in Hedmark county, Norway.

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Øystein Mæland

Øystein Mæland (born 26 March 1960) is a Norwegian psychiatrist, civil servant and politician for the Labour Party.

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Útvar rychlého nasazení

Rapid reaction unit (Czech: Útvar rychlého nasazení; ÚRN or URNA) is a Police tactical unit of the Czech Police.

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ČT24

ČT24 (Czech pronunciation: ˌtʃeteˈdvatsɛtxtɪrɪ) is the first and only 24-hour news channel in Czech language, owned and operated by Czech Television.

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Bat Ye'or

Bat Ye'or (בת יאור) is the pen name of Gisèle Littman, an author of the history of religious minorities in the Muslim world and modern European politics.

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BBC

The British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) is a British public service broadcaster.

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BBC News Online

BBC News Online is the website of BBC News, the division of the BBC responsible for newsgathering and production.

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Beneš decrees

The Decrees of the President of the Republic (Dekrety presidenta republiky, Dekréty prezidenta republiky) and the Constitutional Decrees of the President of the Republic (Ústavní dekrety presidenta republiky, Ústavné dekréty prezidenta republiky), commonly known as the Beneš decrees, were a series of laws drafted by the Czechoslovak government-in-exile in the absence of the Czechoslovak parliament during the German occupation of Czechoslovakia in World War II.

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Benelli Nova

The Benelli Nova is a pump action shotgun, popular for hunting and self-defense.

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Bergens Tidende

Bergens Tidende is Norway's fifth-largest newspaper, and the country's largest newspaper outside Oslo.

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Bernard Lewis

Bernard Lewis, FBA (31 May 1916 – 19 May 2018) was a British American historian specializing in oriental studies.

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Black metal

Black metal is an extreme subgenre of heavy metal music.

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Bodil Cappelen

Bodil Cappelen (born April 26, 1930) is a Norwegian painter, textile artist, and book illustrator.

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Bologna massacre

The Bologna massacre (strage di Bologna) was a terrorist bombing of the Central Station at Bologna, Italy, on the morning of 2 August 1980, which killed 85 people and wounded more than 200.

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Bolt action

Bolt action is a type of firearm action where the handling of cartridges into and out of the weapon's barrel chamber are operated by manually manipulating the bolt directly via a handle, which is most commonly placed on the right-hand side of the weapon (as most users are right-handed).

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Born again

In some Christian movements, particularly in Evangelicalism, to be born again, or to experience the new birth, is a popular phrase referring to "spiritual rebirth", or a regeneration of the human spirit from the Holy Spirit, contrasted with physical birth.

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Brno

Brno (Brünn) is the second largest city in the Czech Republic by population and area, the largest Moravian city, and the historical capital city of the Margraviate of Moravia.

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Bruce Bawer

Theodore Bruce Bawer (born October 31, 1956), who writes under the name Bruce Bawer, is an American writer who has been a resident of Norway since 1999.

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Bulletproof vest

A ballistic vest or bullet-resistant vest, often called a bulletproof vest, is an item of personal armor that helps absorb the impact and reduce or stop penetration to the body from firearm-fired projectiles- and shrapnel from explosions, and is worn on the torso.

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Buskerud

Buskerud is a county in Norway, bordering Akershus, Oslo, Oppland, Sogn og Fjordane, Hordaland, Telemark and Vestfold.

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Calcium ammonium nitrate

Calcium ammonium nitrate or CAN, also known as nitro-limestone, is a widely used inorganic fertilizer, accounting for 4% of all nitrogen fertilizer used worldwide in 2007.

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Call of Duty

Call of Duty is a first-person shooter video game franchise.

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Call of Duty: Modern Warfare 2

Call of Duty: Modern Warfare 2 is a first-person shooter video game developed by Infinity Ward and published by Activision.

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Car bomb

A car bomb, lorry bomb, or truck bomb, also known as a vehicle-borne improvised explosive device (VBIED), is an improvised explosive device placed inside a car or other vehicle and detonated.

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Central European Summer Time

Central European Summer Time (CEST), sometime referred also as Central European Daylight Time (CEDT), is the standard clock time observed during the period of summer daylight-saving in those European countries which observe Central European Time (UTC+1) during the other part of the year.

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Centre Party (Norway)

The Centre Party (Senterpartiet, Sp) is an agrarian centrist political party in Norway.

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CESNUR

CESNUR (English: Center for Studies on New Religions, Italian: Centro Studi sulle Nuove Religioni), is an organization based in Turin, Italy.

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Charles Martel

Charles Martel (c. 688 – 22 October 741) was a Frankish statesman and military leader who as Duke and Prince of the Franks and Mayor of the Palace, was the de facto ruler of Francia from 718 until his death.

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Chechnya

The Chechen Republic (tɕɪˈtɕɛnskəjə rʲɪˈspublʲɪkə; Нохчийн Республика, Noxçiyn Respublika), commonly referred to as Chechnya (p; Нохчийчоь, Noxçiyçö), is a federal subject (a republic) of Russia.

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Chemical substance

A chemical substance, also known as a pure substance, is a form of matter that consists of molecules of the same composition and structure.

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Christendom

Christendom has several meanings.

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Christian Democratic Party (Norway)

The Christian Democratic Party (Bokmål: Kristelig Folkeparti, Nynorsk: Kristeleg Folkeparti, KrF), is a Christian democratic political party in Norway founded in 1933.

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Christianity Today

Christianity Today magazine is an evangelical Christian periodical that was founded in 1956 and is based in Carol Stream, Illinois.

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Collateral damage

Collateral damage is a general term for deaths, injuries, or other damage inflicted on an unintended target.

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Collective responsibility

Collective responsibility refers to responsibilities of organizations, groups and societies.

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Compendium

A compendium (plural: compendia) is a concise compilation of a body of knowledge.

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Conservative Party (Norway)

The Conservative Party (Høyre, Høgre, H, literally "Right") is a conservative.

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Copycat crime

A copycat crime is a criminal act that is modeled or inspired by a previous crime.

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Counter-jihad

Counter-jihad or counterjihad or counter-jihad movement is a political current loosely consisting of authors, bloggers, think tanks, street movements and campaign organisations all linked by a common belief that the Western world is being subjected to takeover by Muslims.

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Counter-Strike: Source

Counter-Strike: Source is a remake of Counter-Strike using the Source game engine.

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Counties of Norway

Norway is divided into 18 administrative regions, called counties (singular fylke, plural fylker (Bokmål) / fylke (Nynorsk) from Old Norse: fylki from the word "folk"); until 1918, they were known as amter.

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Cover-up

A cover-up is an attempt, whether successful or not, to conceal evidence of wrongdoing, error, incompetence or other embarrassing information.

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Crimes against humanity

Crimes against humanity are certain acts that are deliberately committed as part of a widespread or systematic attack or individual attack directed against any civilian or an identifiable part of a civilian population.

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Criminal charge

A criminal charge is a formal accusation made by a governmental authority (usually the public prosecutor or the police) asserting that somebody has committed a crime.

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Crusades

The Crusades were a series of religious wars sanctioned by the Latin Church in the medieval period.

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Cultural Christian

Cultural Christians are referred to those deists, pantheists, agnostics, atheists, and antitheists who are not Christians but adhere to Christian values and appreciate Christian culture.

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Cultural conservatism

Cultural conservatism is described as the preservation of the heritage of one nation, or of a shared culture that is not defined by national boundaries.

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Czech Republic

The Czech Republic (Česká republika), also known by its short-form name Czechia (Česko), is a landlocked country in Central Europe bordered by Germany to the west, Austria to the south, Slovakia to the east and Poland to the northeast.

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Dag Terje Andersen

Dag Terje Andersen (born 27 May 1957 in Frogn, Akershus) is a Norwegian politician for the Norwegian Labour Party.

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Dagbladet

Dagbladet (lit.: The Daily Magazine) is Norway's sixth largest newspaper with a circulation of 46,250 copies in 2016, down from a peak of 228,834 in 1994.

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Dagen (Norwegian newspaper)

Dagen is a Norwegian Christian newspaper established in 1919, and published in Bergen.

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Dagens Næringsliv

Dagens Næringsliv (Norwegian for "Today's Business"), commonly known as DN, is a Norwegian newspaper specializing in business news.

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Daily Mail

The Daily Mail is a British daily middle-marketPeter Wilby, New Statesman, 19 December 2013 (online version: 2 January 2014) tabloid newspaper owned by the Daily Mail and General Trust and published in London.

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Daniel Pipes

Daniel Pipes (born September 9, 1949) is an American historian, writer, and commentator.

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DeLillos

deLillos is a Norwegian poprock band formed in Oslo in 1984.

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Democrats in Norway

The Democrats in Norway (Demokratene i Norge, DEM), formerly and commonly known as the Democrats, is a national conservative political party in Norway without parliamentary representation.

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Die Presse

Die Presse is a German language daily broadsheet newspaper based in Vienna, Austria.

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District attorney

In the United States, a district attorney (DA) is the chief prosecutor for a local government area, typically a county.

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Document.no

Document.no is a Norwegian right-wing, conservativeAre Vogt Moum.

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Drammen

Drammen is a city in Buskerud, Norway.

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Edmund Burke

Edmund Burke (12 January 17309 July 1797) was an Anglo-Irish statesman born in Dublin, as well as an author, orator, political theorist and philosopher, who after moving to London in 1750 served as a member of parliament (MP) between 1766 and 1794 in the House of Commons with the Whig Party.

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El Cid

Rodrigo Díaz de Vivar (1099) was a Castilian nobleman and military leader in medieval Spain.

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Embezzlement

Embezzlement is the act of withholding assets for the purpose of conversion (theft) of such assets, by one or more persons to whom the assets were entrusted, either to be held or to be used for specific purposes.

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Emergency medical services

Emergency medical services, also known as ambulance services or paramedic services (abbreviated to the initialism EMS, EMAS, EMARS or SAMU in some countries), are a type of emergency service dedicated to providing out-of-hospital acute medical care, transport to definitive care, and other medical transport to patients with illnesses and injuries which prevent the patient from transporting themselves.

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Emergency Response Unit (Norway)

The Emergency Response Unit (Beredskapstroppen), call sign Delta, is the Police Tactical Unit of the Norwegian Police Service (Politi- og lensmannsetaten).

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English Defence League

The English Defence League (EDL) is a far-right and counter-jihadist street-based social movement and pressure group in the United Kingdom.

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Eskil Pedersen

Eskil Pedersen (born 6 March 1984 in Skien) is a Norwegian politician and former leader of the Workers' Youth League (AUF) from 2010 to 2014, the youth organisation associated with Norway's leading Labour Party.

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Ethnic nationalism

Ethnic nationalism, also known as ethno-nationalism, is a form of nationalism wherein the nation is defined in terms of ethnicity.

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Eurabia

Eurabia is a political neologism, a portmanteau of Europe and Arabia, used to describe a conspiracy theory of globalist elements, allegedly led by French and Arab powers, to Islamise and Arabise Europe, thereby weakening its existing culture and undermining a previous alignment with the U.S. and Israel.

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European Defence League

The European Defence League (EDL) is a largely UK-based offshoot of the English Defence League founded by Tommy Robinson which campaigns against what it considers sharia law and itself has various offshoots.

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European route E16

European route E 16 is the designation of a main west-east road through Northern Ireland, Scotland, Norway and Sweden, from Derry to Gävle, via Belfast, Glasgow, Edinburgh, previously by ferry to Bergen, Voss, through the Gudvanga Tunnel and the Lærdal Tunnel (the world's longest road tunnel), Lærdal, over Filefjell to Fagernes, Hønefoss, Gardermoen and Kongsvinger.

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European Union

The European Union (EU) is a political and economic union of EUnum member states that are located primarily in Europe.

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Explosive material

An explosive material, also called an explosive, is a reactive substance that contains a great amount of potential energy that can produce an explosion if released suddenly, usually accompanied by the production of light, heat, sound, and pressure.

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Expo (magazine)

Expo is a Swedish anti-racist magazine started in 1995 by Stieg Larsson.

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Expulsion of Germans from Czechoslovakia

The expulsion of Germans from Czechoslovakia after World War II was part of a series of evacuations and expulsions of Germans from Central and Eastern Europe during and after World War II.

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Extremism

Extremism means, literally, "the quality or state of being extreme" or the "advocacy of extreme measures or views".

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Far-right politics

Far-right politics are politics further on the right of the left-right spectrum than the standard political right, particularly in terms of more extreme nationalist, and nativist ideologies, as well as authoritarian tendencies.

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Fascism

Fascism is a form of radical authoritarian ultranationalism, characterized by dictatorial power, forcible suppression of opposition and control of industry and commerce, which came to prominence in early 20th-century Europe.

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Fædrelandsvennen

Fædrelandsvennen is a regional newspaper based in Kristiansand, Norway.

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Felleskjøpet

Felleskjøpet or FK is a Norwegian agricultural cooperative that serves as a retailer of agricultural operating equipment including animal food and seeds.

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Fertilizer

A fertilizer (American English) or fertiliser (British English; see spelling differences) is any material of natural or synthetic origin (other than liming materials) that is applied to soils or to plant tissues to supply one or more plant nutrients essential to the growth of plants.

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Fjordman

Peder Are Nøstvold Jensen (born 11 June 1975) is a prominent Counter-jihad Norwegian blogger who writes under the pseudonym Fjordman and who has been characterized as far-right and anti-Islamic.

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Foreign Policy

Foreign Policy is an American news publication, founded in 1970 and focused on global affairs, current events, and domestic and international policy.

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Forensic psychiatry

Forensic psychiatry is a sub-speciality of psychiatry and is related to criminology.

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Fox News

Fox News (officially known as the Fox News Channel, commonly abbreviated to FNC) is an American basic cable and satellite television news channel owned by the Fox Entertainment Group, a subsidiary of 21st Century Fox.

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Francesco Speroni

Francesco Enrico Speroni (born 4 October 1946 in Busto Arsizio) is an Italian politician and Member of the European Parliament for the North-West Italy constituency, first elected in the 2004 European Parliament election.

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Frangibility

A material is said to be frangible if through deformation it tends to break up into fragments, rather than deforming elastically and retaining its cohesion as a single object.

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Frank Aarebrot

Frank Henrik Aarebrot (19 January 1947 – 9 September 2017) was a Norwegian political scientist, political commentator, and professor of comparative politics.

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Frankfurt School

The Frankfurt School (Frankfurter Schule) is a school of social theory and philosophy associated in part with the Institute for Social Research at the Goethe University Frankfurt.

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Free Congress Research and Education Foundation

The Free Congress Research and Education Foundation, also known as the Free Congress Foundation or FCF, was an conservative think tank founded by Paul Weyrich.

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Freedom Party of Austria

The Freedom Party of Austria (Freiheitliche Partei Österreichs, FPÖ) is a right-wing populist and national-conservative political party in Austria.

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Frogner Church

Frogner Church (Frogner kirke) is a parish church in the Frogner borough of the city of Oslo, Norway.

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Gardermoen Line

The Gardermoen Line (Gardermobanen) is a high-speed railway line between Oslo and Eidsvoll, Norway, running past Lillestrøm and Oslo Airport, Gardermoen.

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Gauge (firearms)

The gauge of a firearm is a unit of measurement used to express the inner diameter (bore diameter) of the barrel.

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Gazeta Wyborcza

Gazeta Wyborcza (meaning Electoral Newspaper in English) is a newspaper published in Warsaw, Poland.

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Geert Wilders

Geert Wilders (born 6 September 1963) is a Dutch politician who is the founder and the current leader of the Party for Freedom (Partij voor de Vrijheid – PVV).

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Geir Lippestad

Geir Lippestad (born 7 June 1964) is a Norwegian lawyer, politician and social activist.

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George Orwell

Eric Arthur Blair (25 June 1903 – 21 January 1950), better known by his pen name George Orwell, was an English novelist, essayist, journalist and critic whose work is marked by lucid prose, awareness of social injustice, opposition to totalitarianism and outspoken support of democratic socialism.

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Georgia (country)

Georgia (tr) is a country in the Caucasus region of Eurasia.

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Gjørv Report

The Gjørv Report (Gjørv-rapporten or NOU 2012: 14, Rapport fra 22. juli-kommisjonen) is a report that was ordered by Norway's parliament, as a consequence of the 2011 Oslo bombing and the following Utøya massacre.

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Glenn Beck

Glenn Lee Beck (born February 10, 1964) is an American conservative political commentator, radio host and television producer.

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Glock

The Glock pistol is a series of polymer-framed, short recoil-operated, locked-breech semi-automatic pistols designed and produced by Austrian Glock Ges.m.b.H..

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God in Christianity

God in Christianity is the eternal being who created and preserves all things.

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Grete Faremo

Grete Faremo (born 16 June 1955) is a former Norwegian politician, lawyer and business leader.

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Gro Harlem Brundtland

Gro Harlem Brundtland (born Gro Harlem, 20 April 1939) is a Norwegian politician, who served three terms as Prime Minister of Norway (1981, 1986–89, and 1990–96) and as Director-General of the World Health Organization from 1998 to 2003.

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Guilt (law)

In criminal law, guilt is the state of being responsible for the commission of an offense.

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Haakon, Crown Prince of Norway

Haakon, Crown Prince of Norway (Haakon Magnus; born 20 July 1973) is the only son and younger child of King Harald V and heir apparent to the throne of Norway.

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Hanna Gronkiewicz-Waltz

Hanna Beata Gronkiewicz-Waltz (born 4 November 1952) is a Polish lawyer, Professor of Jurisprudence and politician who has been the Mayor of Warsaw since 2 December 2006.

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Hans Normann Dahl

Hans Normann Dahl (born 7 October 1937) is a Norwegian illustrator, painter and sculptor.

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Harakiri for the Sky

Harakiri for the Sky is an Austrian band formed in Salzburg and Vienna in 2011 by vocalist JJ (Michael V. Wahntraum) and multi-instrumentalist Matthias Sollak, formerly of black metal band Bifröst.

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Harald Stabell

Harald Stabell (born 16 January 1947) is a Norwegian barrister.

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Harald V of Norway

Harald V (born 21 February 1937) is the King of Norway, having ascended the throne following the death of his father on 17 January 1991.

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Heathenry (new religious movement)

Heathenry, also termed Heathenism or Germanic Neopaganism, is a modern Pagan religion.

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Heavy Fire

Heavy Fire is a series of on-rails arcade shooter video games developed by Polish video game developer Teyon between 2010 and 2011.

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Hectare

The hectare (SI symbol: ha) is an SI accepted metric system unit of area equal to a square with 100 meter sides, or 10,000 m2, and is primarily used in the measurement of land.

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Hedmark

Hedmark is a county in Norway, bordering Trøndelag to the north, Oppland to the west and Akershus to the south.

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Henryk Broder

Henryk Marcin Broder (born 20 August 1946, self-designation Henryk Modest Broder) is a Polish-born German journalist, author and TV personality.

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High treason

Treason is criminal disloyalty.

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High-rise building

A high-rise building is a tall building, as opposed to a low-rise building and is defined by its height differently in various jurisdictions.

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Hitler Youth

The Hitler Youth (German:, often abbreviated as HJ in German) was the youth organisation of the Nazi Party in Germany.

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Hole, Norway

Hole is a municipality in Buskerud county, Norway.

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Hollow-point bullet

A hollow-point bullet is an expanding bullet that has a pit or hollowed out shape in its tip often intended to cause the bullet to expand upon entering a target as it penetrates and disrupts more tissue.

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Holographic weapon sight

A holographic weapon sight or holographic diffraction sight is a non-magnifying gun sight that allows the user to look through a glass optical window and see a reticle image superimposed at a distance on the field of view.

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Homefront (video game)

Homefront is a first-person shooter video game developed by Kaos Studios and published by THQ.

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Human back

The human back is the large posterior area of the human body, rising from the top of the buttocks to the back of the neck and the shoulders.

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HV-016

HV-016 is a former military unit of Norway, that was a part of the Home Guard.

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Hypothermia

Hypothermia is reduced body temperature that happens when a body dissipates more heat than it absorbs.

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Hyundai Atos

The Hyundai Atos was a city car produced by the South Korean manufacturer Hyundai since 1997.

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Identity document

An identity document (also called a piece of identification or ID, or colloquially as papers) is any document which may be used to prove a person's identity.

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Ila Detention and Security Prison

Ila prison and detention center (Norwegian: Ila fengsel og forvaringsanstalt) is a high security prison in Ila in Bærum municipality in Akershus county, outside the capital city of Oslo in Norway.

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Injury Severity Score

The Injury Severity Score (ISS) is an established medical score to assess trauma severity.

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Insanity defense

The insanity defense, also known as the mental disorder defense, is a defense by excuse in a criminal case, arguing that the defendant is not responsible for his or her actions due to an episodic or persistent psychiatric disease at the time of the criminal act.

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International Business Times

The International Business Times is an American online news publication that publishes seven national editions and four languages.

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Internet Archive

The Internet Archive is a San Francisco–based nonprofit digital library with the stated mission of "universal access to all knowledge." It provides free public access to collections of digitized materials, including websites, software applications/games, music, movies/videos, moving images, and nearly three million public-domain books.

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Islam

IslamThere are ten pronunciations of Islam in English, differing in whether the first or second syllable has the stress, whether the s is or, and whether the a is pronounced, or (when the stress is on the first syllable) (Merriam Webster).

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Islam in Europe

Islam is the second largest religious belief in Europe after Christianity.

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Islamization

Islamization (also spelled Islamisation, see spelling differences; أسلمة), Islamicization or Islamification is the process of a society's shift towards Islam, such as found in Sudan, Pakistan, Iran, Malaysia, or Algeria.

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Islamophobia

Islamophobia is the fear, hatred of, or prejudice against, the Islamic religion or Muslims generally, especially when seen as a geopolitical force or the source of terrorism.

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Israel

Israel, officially the State of Israel, is a country in the Middle East, on the southeastern shore of the Mediterranean Sea and the northern shore of the Red Sea.

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Jacques de Molay

Jacques de Molay (c. 1243 – 18 March 1314), also spelt "Molai",Demurger, pp.

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Jan Tore Sanner

Jan Tore Sanner (born 6 May 1965) is a Norwegian politician for the Conservative Party and was Minister of Local Government from 2013 to 2018.

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Janne Kristiansen

Janne Kristiansen (born 21 November 1952) is a Norwegian jurist.

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Jötunn

In Norse mythology, a jötunn (plural jötnar) is a type of entity contrasted with gods and other figures, such as dwarfs and elves.

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Jens Stoltenberg

Jens Stoltenberg (born 16 March 1959) is a Norwegian politician.

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Jeremy Clarkson

Jeremy Charles Robert Clarkson (born 11 April 1960) is an English broadcaster, journalist and writer who specialises in motoring.

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John III Sobieski

John III Sobieski (Jan III Sobieski; Jonas III Sobieskis; Ioannes III Sobiscius; 17 August 1629 – 17 June 1696), was King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania from 1674 until his death, and one of the most notable monarchs of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth.

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Jonas Dahlberg

Jonas Dahlberg (born 1970, Uddevalla) is a Swedish artist who lives in Stockholm, Sweden.

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Karin Moe

Karin Moe (born 3 December 1945) is a Norwegian writer and literary critic.

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Karl Ove Knausgård

Karl Ove Knausgård (born 6 December 1968) is a Norwegian author, known for six autobiographical novels, titled My Struggle (Min Kamp).

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Kintsugi

, also known as, is the Japanese art of repairing broken pottery with lacquer dusted or mixed with powdered gold, silver, or platinum, a method similar to the maki-e technique.

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Klassekampen

Klassekampen (The Class Struggle) is a Norwegian daily newspaper, which styles itself as "the daily left-wing newspaper".

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Knut Storberget

Knut Storberget (born 6 October 1964) is a Norwegian lawyer and politician for the Norwegian Labour Party.

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Koenraad Elst

Koenraad Elst (born 7 August 1959) is a Belgian orientalist and Indologist known for his writings on comparative religion, Hindu-Muslim relations and Indian history.

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Labour Party (Norway)

The Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet, A/Ap), formerly the Norwegian Labour Party, is a social-democratic political party in Norway.

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Landscape

A landscape is the visible features of an area of land, its landforms and how they integrate with natural or man-made features.

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Lega Nord

Lega Nord (LN; italic), whose complete name is Lega Nord per l'Indipendenza della Padania (Northern League for the Independence of Padania), is a regionalist political party in Italy.

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Liberal Party (Norway)

The Liberal Party (Venstre, V, meaning "left") is a liberal and social-liberal political party in Norway.

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Life imprisonment in Norway

The sentence of life imprisonment under Norwegian law is restricted to the military penal code (e.g., for aiding the enemy during a time of war).

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Lillestrøm

Lillestrøm is a town located some east-northeast of Oslo, the capital city of Norway.

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Linda Cathrine Hofstad Helleland

Linda Cathrine Hofstad Helleland (born 26 August 1977 in Klæbu) is a Norwegian politician for the Conservative Party and was appointed Minister of Children and Equality on January 17th 2018.

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List of rampage killers (religious, political or racial crimes)

This section of the list of rampage killers contains mass murders, committed by lone wolf perpetrators, that have a foremost religious, racial or political background.

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Lone wolf (terrorism)

A lone wolf, lone-wolf terrorist, or lone actor, is someone who prepares and commits violent acts alone, outside of any command structure and without material assistance from any group.

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Magnus Ranstorp

Per Magnus Ranstorp (born 13 March 1965 in Hästveda) is a Swedish scholar who has written about Hizballah, Hamas, al-Qaeda and other militant Islamic movements.

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Mahatma Gandhi

Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi (2 October 1869 – 30 January 1948) was an Indian activist who was the leader of the Indian independence movement against British rule.

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Marcel Gleffe

Marcel Gleffe (born 1979 in Teterow, Germany) is a German living in Norway who saved the lives of several people during the massacre on the island of Utøya.

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Marxism

Marxism is a method of socioeconomic analysis that views class relations and social conflict using a materialist interpretation of historical development and takes a dialectical view of social transformation.

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Mass shooting

A mass shooting is an incident involving multiple victims of firearms-related violence.

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Max Manus

Maximo Guillermo "Max" Manus DSO, MC & Bar (9 December 1914 – 20 September 1996) was a Norwegian resistance fighter during World War II, specialising in sabotage in occupied Norway.

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Melanie Phillips

Melanie Phillips (born 4 June 1951) is a British journalist, author, and public commentator.

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Memorial

A memorial is an object which serves as a focus for memory of something, usually a person (who has died) or an event.

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Mette-Marit, Crown Princess of Norway

Mette-Marit, Crown Princess of Norway (born Mette-Marit Tjessem Høiby,, on 19 August 1973) is the wife of Crown Prince Haakon, heir apparent to the throne of Norway.

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Middle Ages

In the history of Europe, the Middle Ages (or Medieval Period) lasted from the 5th to the 15th century.

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Ministry of Education and Research (Norway)

Royal Norwegian Ministry of Education and Research (Kunnskapsdepartementet, lit. Ministry of Knowledge) is a Norwegian government ministry responsible for education, research and kindergartens.

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Ministry of Finance (Norway)

The Royal Norwegian Ministry of Finance (Norwegian: Finansdepartementet) is a Norwegian ministry established in 1814.

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Ministry of Justice and Public Security

The Royal Ministry of Justice and Public Security (Det kongelige justis- og beredskapsdepartement) is a Norwegian government ministry in charge of justice, police and domestic intelligence.

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Ministry of Petroleum and Energy

The Royal Norwegian Ministry of Petroleum and Energy (Olje- og energidepartementet) is a Norwegian ministry responsible for energy, including petroleum and natural gas production in the North Sea.

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Mitt lille land

"Mitt lille land" (in "My Little Country" or "My Small Country") is a song by Ole Paus, written in 1994 as a lyrical description of Norway.

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Mitt lille land (2011 album)

Mitt lille land ("My Little Country") is a 2011 album released by the Norwegian People's Aid and Sony Music as a memorial album for the 2011 Norway attacks.

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Mladá fronta DNES

Mladá fronta Dnes (Young Front Today), also known as MF DNES or simply Dnes (Today), is a daily newspaper in the Czech Republic.

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Moment of silence

A moment of silence is a period of silent contemplation, prayer, reflection, or meditation.

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Monika Olejnik

Monika Olejnik, formally Monika Wasowska (born 11 July 1956) is a Polish radio, newspaper and TV journalist.

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MS Thorbjørn

MS Thorbjørn (call sign LILU) is a vessel owned by AUF.

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Multiculturalism

Multiculturalism is a term with a range of meanings in the contexts of sociology, political philosophy, and in colloquial use.

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National Association of Scholars

The National Association of Scholars (NAS) is an American non-profit politically conservative advocacy group, with a particular interest in education.

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National Council (Austria)

The National Council (Nationalrat) is one of the two houses of the Austrian Parliament and is frequently referred to as the lower house.

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NATO

The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO; Organisation du Traité de l'Atlantique Nord; OTAN), also called the North Atlantic Alliance, is an intergovernmental military alliance between 29 North American and European countries.

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Necessity (criminal law)

In the criminal law of many nations, necessity may be either a possible justification or an exculpation for breaking the law.

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Neighborhood association

A neighborhood association (NA) is a group of residents or property owners who advocate for or organize activities within a neighborhood.

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Neo-Nazism

Neo-Nazism consists of post-World War II militant social or political movements seeking to revive and implement the ideology of Nazism.

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Neoconservatism

Neoconservatism (commonly shortened to neocon when labelling its adherents) is a political movement born in the United States during the 1960s among liberal hawks who became disenchanted with the increasingly pacifist foreign policy of the Democratic Party, and the growing New Left and counterculture, in particular the Vietnam protests.

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Nettavisen

Nettavisen is a Norwegian online newspaper, launched in 1996 as the first in the country that was not created as part of a pre-existing newspaper.

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Never Again MSD

Never Again MSD is an American student-led political action committee for gun control that advocates for tighter regulations to prevent gun violence.

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Nicholas I of Russia

Nicholas I (r; –) was the Emperor of Russia from 1825 until 1855.

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Non-governmental organization

Non-governmental organizations, nongovernmental organizations, or nongovernment organizations, commonly referred to as NGOs, are usually non-profit and sometimes international organizations independent of governments and international governmental organizations (though often funded by governments) that are active in humanitarian, educational, health care, public policy, social, human rights, environmental, and other areas to effect changes according to their objectives.

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Nordic countries

The Nordic countries or the Nordics are a geographical and cultural region in Northern Europe and the North Atlantic, where they are most commonly known as Norden (literally "the North").

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Norwegian Board of Forensic Medicine

The Norwegian Board of Forensic Medicine (Den rettsmedisinske kommisjon, DRK) is a board appointed by the Ministry of Justice, mainly for assessing expert witness opinions submitted in criminal cases by forensic psychiatrists, pathologists, toxicologists, geneticists and clinical medical practitioners.

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Norwegian krone

The krone (sign: kr; code: NOK), plural kroner, is the currency of Norway and its dependent territories.

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Norwegian local elections, 2011

Nationwide local elections for seats in municipality and county councils were held throughout Norway on 12 September 2011.

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Norwegian News Agency

The Norwegian News Agency (Norsk Telegrambyrå; abbreviated NTB) is a Norwegian press agency and wire service that serves most of the largest Norwegian media outlets.

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Norwegian parliamentary election, 2013

A parliamentary election was held in Norway on 8 and 9 September 2013.

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Norwegian People's Aid

Norwegian People's Aid (Norsk Folkehjelp) was founded in 1939 to provide post-conflict reconstruction assistance and humanitarian relief during conflicts.

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Norwegian Police Security Service

The Norwegian Police Security Service (Politiets sikkerhetstjeneste (PST), Politiets tryggingsteneste (PTT)) is the police security agency of Norway, somewhat comparable to the British MI5 (Security Service).

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Norwegian Police Service

The Norwegian Police Service (Politi- og lensmannsetaten) is the Norwegian civilian police agency.

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Norwegian University of Science and Technology

The Norwegian University of Science and Technology (Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, abbreviated NTNU) is a public research university with campuses in the cities of Trondheim, Gjøvik, and Ålesund in Norway, and has become the largest university in Norway, following the university merger in 2016.

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Norwegian Young Conservatives

Norwegian Young Conservatives (Norwegian: Unge Høyres Landsforbund, UHL, normally referred to as Unge Høyre) is a Norwegian youth party.

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November 2015 Paris attacks

The November 2015 Paris attacks were a series of coordinated terrorist attacks that occurred on Friday, 13 November 2015 in Paris, France and the city's northern suburb, Saint-Denis.

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Novinky.cz

Novinky.cz is a Czech news website established in 1998.

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NPR

National Public Radio (usually shortened to NPR, stylized as npr) is an American privately and publicly funded non-profit membership media organization based in Washington, D.C. It serves as a national syndicator to a network of over 1,000 public radio stations in the United States.

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NRK

NRK (an abbreviation of the Norwegian: Norsk rikskringkasting AS, generally expressed in English as the Norwegian Broadcasting Corporation) is the Norwegian government-owned radio and television public broadcasting company, and the largest media organisation in Norway.

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NRK1

NRK1 (NRK En) is the Norwegian Broadcasting Corporation's (NRK) main television channel.

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Office of the Prime Minister (Norway)

The Norwegian Office of the Prime Minister (Statsministerens kontor) is a political and bureaucratic office that assists the Cabinet of Norway and the Prime Minister of Norway in the leadership of the Cabinet and Government.

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Oklahoma City bombing

The Oklahoma City bombing was a domestic terrorist truck bombing on the Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building in downtown Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States on April 19, 1995.

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One of Us (book)

One of Us is a non-fiction book by Norwegian journalist Åsne Seierstad.

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Op-ed

An op-ed (originally short for "opposite the editorial page" although often taken to stand for "opinion editorial") is a written prose piece typically published by a newspaper or magazine which expresses the opinion of a named author usually not affiliated with the publication's editorial board.

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Opinion

An opinion is a judgment, viewpoint, or statement that is not conclusive.

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Oslo

Oslo (rarely) is the capital and most populous city of Norway.

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Oslo Airport, Gardermoen

Oslo Airport (Oslo Lufthavn) is the main international airport serving Oslo, Norway, the capital and most populous city in the country.

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Oslo Cathedral

Oslo Cathedral (Oslo domkirke) — formerly Our Savior's Church (Vår Frelsers kirke) — is the main church for the Church of Norway Diocese of Oslo, as well as the parish church for downtown Oslo.

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Oslo District Court

Oslo District Court (Oslo tingrett) is the district court serving Oslo, Norway.

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Oslo Metro

The Oslo Metro (Oslo T-bane or Oslo Tunnelbane or simply T-banen.) is the rapid transit system of Oslo, Norway, operated by Sporveien T-banen on contract from the transit authority Ruter.

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Oslo University Hospital

The Oslo University Hospital (Oslo universitetssykehus HFhttp://w2.brreg.no/enhet/sok/detalj.jsp?orgnr) is the largest hospital in Scandinavia, with a work force of around 25,000.

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Oslo University Hospital, Ullevål

Oslo University Hospital, Ullevål (Oslo universitetssykehus, Ullevål), formerly Ullevål University Hospital (Ullevål universitetssykehus) in Oslo, Norway is one of the four main campuses of Oslo University Hospital.

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Ostrava

Ostrava (Ostrawa, Ostrau or Mährisch Ostrau) is a city in the north-east of the Czech Republic and is the capital of the Moravian-Silesian Region.

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Ove Vanebo

Ove André Vanebo (born 2 May 1983) is a Norwegian politician for the Progress Party.

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Pamela Geller

Pamela Geller (born June 14, 1958) is an American political activist and commentator.

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Paranoid schizophrenia

Paranoid schizophrenia is the most common type of schizophrenia.

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Party for Freedom

The Party for Freedom (Partij voor de Vrijheid, PVV) is a Dutch nationalist and right-wing populist political party in the Netherlands.

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Patriarchy

Patriarchy is a social system in which males hold primary power and predominate in roles of political leadership, moral authority, social privilege and control of property.

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Personnel Armor System for Ground Troops

Personnel Armor System for Ground Troops (PASGT, pronounced) is a combat helmet and ballistic vest that was used by the United States military from the early 1980s until the mid-2000s, when the helmet and vest were succeeded by the Lightweight Helmet (LWH), Modular Integrated Communications Helmet (MICH), and Interceptor body armor (IBA) respectively.

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Pistol

A pistol is a type of handgun.

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Police of the Czech Republic

Police of the Czech Republic (Czech: Policie České republiky) is the national law enforcement agency of the Czech Republic.

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Polish Press Agency

The Polish Press Agency (Polska Agencja Prasowa, PAP) is Poland's national news agency, producing and distributing political, economic, social, and cultural news as well as events information.

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Politics of Norway

The politics of Norway take place in the framework of a parliamentary representative democratic constitutional monarchy.

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Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine

The Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine (PFLP) (Arabic: الجبهة الشعبية لتحرير فلسطين, al-Jabhah al-Sha`biyyah li-Taḥrīr Filasṭīn) is a secular Palestinian Marxist–Leninist and revolutionary socialist organization founded in 1967 by George Habash.

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Prague

Prague (Praha, Prag) is the capital and largest city in the Czech Republic, the 14th largest city in the European Union and also the historical capital of Bohemia.

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Prime Minister of Norway

The Prime Minister of Norway (statsminister, literally the "minister of the state") is the head of government of Norway and the most powerful person in Norwegian politics.

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Prison

A prison, also known as a correctional facility, jail, gaol (dated, British English), penitentiary (American English), detention center (American English), or remand center is a facility in which inmates are forcibly confined and denied a variety of freedoms under the authority of the state.

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Progress Party (Norway)

The Progress Party (Fremskrittspartiet, Framstegspartiet, commonly abbreviated as FrP) is a political party in Norway.

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Progress Party's Youth

The Progress Party's Youth (Fremskrittspartiets Ungdom, FpU), is the youth wing of the Norwegian political party the Progress Party.

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Przeginia, Lesser Poland Voivodeship

Przeginia is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Jerzmanowice-Przeginia, within Kraków County, Lesser Poland Voivodeship, in southern Poland.

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Psychological evaluation

Psychological evaluation is defined as a way of assessing an individual's behavior, personality, cognitive abilities, and several other domains.

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Psychosis

Psychosis is an abnormal condition of the mind that results in difficulties telling what is real and what is not.

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Pump action

A pump-action or slide-action firearm is one in which a forend can be moved forward and backward in order to eject a spent round of ammunition and to chamber a fresh one.

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Queen Sonja of Norway

Queen Sonja of Norway (born Sonja Haraldsen on 4 July 1937) is the wife of King Harald V.

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Rådhusplassen

Rådhusplassen ("The City Hall Square") is a square located between Oslo City Hall and the Oslofjord in Vika, Oslo, Norway.

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Red Party (Norway)

The Red Party (Rødt, Raudt, Ruoksat) is a Norwegian far-left.

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Red Youth (Norway)

Red Youth (Rød Ungdom, Raud Ungdom, shortened RU) is a Norwegian revolutionary youth league.

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Regjeringskvartalet

Regjeringskvartalet (the Government quarter) is a collection of buildings located in the centre of Norway's capital city Oslo, housing several offices for the Norwegian Government.

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Repatriation

Repatriation is the process of returning an asset, an item of symbolic value or a person - voluntarily or forcibly - to its owner or their place of origin or citizenship.

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Research Council of Norway

The Research Council of Norway (Norges forskningsråd) is a Norwegian government agency responsible for awarding grants for research as well as promoting research and science.

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Richard I of England

Richard I (8 September 1157 – 6 April 1199) was King of England from 1189 until his death.

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Right-wing politics

Right-wing politics hold that certain social orders and hierarchies are inevitable, natural, normal or desirable, typically supporting this position on the basis of natural law, economics or tradition.

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Right-wing populism

Right-wing populism is a political ideology which combines right-wing politics and populist rhetoric and themes.

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Right-wing terrorism

Right-wing terrorism is terrorism motivated by a variety of ideologies and beliefs, including Islamophobia, anti-communism, neo-fascism and neo-Nazism, and a mindset against abortion.

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Rigid-hulled inflatable boat

A rigid-hulled inflatable boat (RHIB) or rigid-inflatable boat (RIB) is a lightweight but high-performance and high-capacity boat constructed with a solid, shaped hull and flexible tubes at the gunwale.

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Ringerike District Court

Ringerike District Court (Norwegian: Ringerike tingrett) is a district court located in Hønefoss, Norway.

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Robert Spencer (author)

Robert Bruce Spencer (born February 27, 1962) is an American author and blogger and a key figure of the "counter-jihad" movement in the United States.

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Rocket-propelled grenade

A rocket-propelled grenade (often abbreviated RPG) is a shoulder-fired anti-tank weapon system that fires rockets equipped with an explosive warhead.

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Roger Andresen

Roger Andresen (born 1951) is a Norwegian police officer.

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Ruger Mini-14

The Mini-14 is a lightweight semi-automatic rifle manufactured by Sturm, Ruger & Co. used by law enforcement personnel and civilians.

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Rzeczpospolita

Rzeczpospolita Polska is a traditional and official name of the Polish State – Rzeczpospolita Polska (Res Publica Poloniae, Republic of Poland).

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San Francisco Chronicle

The San Francisco Chronicle is a newspaper serving primarily the San Francisco Bay Area of the U.S. state of California.

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Sarpsborg

Sarpsborg, historically Borg, is a city and municipality in Østfold county, Norway.

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Scorpions (paramilitary)

The Scorpions (Шкорпиони) was a Serbian paramilitary unit active during the Yugoslav Wars.

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Sejm

The Sejm of the Republic of Poland (Sejm Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej) is the lower house of the Polish parliament.

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Semi-automatic pistol

A semi-automatic pistol is a type of pistol that is semi-automatic, meaning it uses the energy of the fired cartridge to cycle the action of the firearm and advance the next available cartridge into position for firing.

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Semi-automatic rifle

A semi-automatic rifle, also known as a self-loading rifle ('SLR') or auto-loading rifle, is a self-loading rifle that fires a single round each time the trigger is pulled.

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September 11

Between the years AD 1900 and 2099, September 11 of the Gregorian calendar is the leap day of the Coptic and Ethiopian calendars.

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Sigbjørn Johnsen

Sigbjørn Johnsen (born 1 October 1950 in Lillehammer, Norway) is a Norwegian politician for the Labour Party and was Norwegian Minister of Finance in the periods 1990-1996 and 2009-2013.

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Ski, Norway

Ski is a town and kommune (municipality) in the Follo district, in Akershus fylke (county), Norway.

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Sky News

Sky News is a 24-hour international multimedia news organisation based in the UK that started as a 24-hour television news channel.

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Sniper: Ghost Warrior

Sniper: Ghost Warrior is a series of tactical shooter video games that are developed and published by City Interactive.

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Social media

Social media are computer-mediated technologies that facilitate the creation and sharing of information, ideas, career interests and other forms of expression via virtual communities and networks.

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Socialist Left Party (Norway)

The Socialist Left Party (Sosialistisk Venstreparti, Sosialistalas Gurutbellodat) or SV, is a democratic socialist political party in Norway.

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Sodium nitrate

Sodium nitrate is the chemical compound with the formula NaNO3.

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Solidarity

Solidarity is unity (as of a group or class) which produces or is based on unities of interests, objectives, standards, and sympathies.

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Sony Music

Sony Music Entertainment (SME) is a Japanese-owned global music conglomerate owned by Sony and incorporated as a general partnership of Sony Music Holdings Inc. through Sony Entertainment Inc., a subsidiary of Sony Corporation of America. (in Japanese), Sony Corporation The company was first founded in 1929 as American Record Corporation and renamed Columbia Recording Corporation in 1938, following its acquisition by the Columbia Broadcasting System. In 1966, the company was reorganized to become CBS Records, and Sony Corporation bought the company in 1988, renaming it under its current name in 1991. In 2004, Sony and Bertelsmann established a 50-50 joint venture called Sony BMG Music Entertainment, which transferred the businesses of Sony Music and Bertelsmann Music Group into one entity. However, in 2008, Sony acquired Bertelsmann's stake, and the company reverted to the SME name shortly after; the buyout allowed Sony to acquire all of BMG's labels, including former Columbia Pictures subsidiary Arista Records as well as RCA Records, and led to the dissolution of BMG, which instead relaunched as BMG Rights Management. Sony Music Entertainment is the second largest of the "Big Three" record companies in the world, behind Universal Music Group (UMG) and ahead of Warner Music Group (WMG). Sony's music publishing division is the world's largest music publisher after the acquisition of EMI. It also owns SYCO Entertainment, which operates some of the world's most successful reality TV format including Got Talent and The X Factor.

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Srđa Trifković

Srđa Trifković (also Srdja Trifković; Срђа Трифковић,, and as author Serge Trifkovic; born 19 July 1954) is a Serbian-American writer on international affairs and foreign affairs editor for the paleoconservative magazine Chronicles. He was director of the Center for International Affairs at the Rockford Institute until his resignation on 31 December 2008.

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Stasi

The Ministry for State Security (Ministerium für Staatssicherheit, MfS) or State Security Service (Staatssicherheitsdienst, SSD), commonly known as the Stasi, was the official state security service of the German Democratic Republic (East Germany).

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State of Palestine

Palestine (فلسطين), officially the State of Palestine (دولة فلسطين), is a ''de jure'' sovereign state in the Middle East claiming the West Bank (bordering Israel and Jordan) and Gaza Strip (bordering Israel and Egypt) with East Jerusalem as the designated capital, although its administrative center is currently located in Ramallah.

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Stoneman Douglas High School shooting

On February 14, 2018, seventeen students and staff at Marjory Stoneman Douglas High School in Parkland, Florida were fatally shot and seventeen others were wounded in a school shooting, making the shooting one of the deadliest school massacres in the United States, surpassing the Columbine High School massacre as the worst high school shooting in the United States.

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Stop Islamisation of Norway

Stop Islamisation of Norway (Stopp islamiseringen av Norge, SIAN) is a Norwegian organisation which was established in 2008, although its history goes back to a group started in 2000.

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Storting

The Storting (Stortinget, "the great thing" or "the great assembly") is the supreme legislature of Norway, established in 1814 by the Constitution of Norway.

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Stratfor

Stratfor is an American geopolitical intelligence platform and publisher founded in 1996 in Austin, Texas, by George Friedman, who was the company's chairman.

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Supreme Court of Norway

The Supreme Court of Norway (Norwegian Bokmål: (Norges) Høyesterett; Norwegian Nynorsk: (Noregs) Høgsterett; lit. ‘Highest Court’) was established in 1815 on the basis of section 88 in the Constitution of the Kingdom of Norway, which prescribes an independent judiciary.

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Sveriges Radio

Sveriges Radio AB ("Swedish Radio") is Sweden's national publicly funded radio broadcaster.

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SWAT

In the United States, a SWAT (Special Weapons And Tactics) team is a law enforcement unit which uses specialized or military equipment and tactics.

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Týden

Týden (meaning Week in English) is a Czech weekly news magazine, that focuses mainly on news and news analysis.

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Tea Party movement

The Tea Party movement is an American conservative movement within the Republican Party.

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Ted Kaczynski

Theodore John Kaczynski (born May 22, 1942), also known as the Unabomber, is an American domestic terrorist.

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Terrorism

Terrorism is, in the broadest sense, the use of intentionally indiscriminate violence as a means to create terror among masses of people; or fear to achieve a financial, political, religious or ideological aim.

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The Australian

The Australian is a broadsheet newspaper published in Australia from Monday to Saturday each week since 14 July 1964.

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The Daily Telegraph

The Daily Telegraph, commonly referred to simply as The Telegraph, is a national British daily broadsheet newspaper published in London by Telegraph Media Group and distributed across the United Kingdom and internationally.

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The Guardian

The Guardian is a British daily newspaper.

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The Jerusalem Post

The Jerusalem Post is a broadsheet newspaper based in Jerusalem, founded in 1932 during the British Mandate of Palestine by Gershon Agron as The Palestine Post.

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The New Republic

The New Republic is a liberal American magazine of commentary on politics and the arts, published since 1914, with influence on American political and cultural thinking.

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The New York Times

The New York Times (sometimes abbreviated as The NYT or The Times) is an American newspaper based in New York City with worldwide influence and readership.

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The New Zealand Herald

The New Zealand Herald is a daily newspaper published in Auckland, New Zealand, owned by New Zealand Media and Entertainment.

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The Sunday Times

The Sunday Times is the largest-selling British national newspaper in the "quality press" market category.

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The Washington Post

The Washington Post is a major American daily newspaper founded on December 6, 1877.

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Thomas Jefferson

Thomas Jefferson (April 13, [O.S. April 2] 1743 – July 4, 1826) was an American Founding Father who was the principal author of the Declaration of Independence and later served as the third president of the United States from 1801 to 1809.

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Timothy McVeigh

Timothy James McVeigh (April 23, 1968 – June 11, 2001) was an American domestic terrorist who perpetrated the 1995 Oklahoma City bombing, which killed 168 people and injured over 680 others.

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Tommy Robinson (activist)

Stephen Christopher Yaxley-Lennon (born 27 November 1982), known by the pseudonym Tommy Robinson, and previously as Andrew McMaster and Paul Harris, is an English far-right activist who co-founded and served as spokesman and leader of the English Defence League (EDL), from which he resigned in 2013.

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Trams in Oslo

The Oslo tram network (Trikken i Oslo, short from elektrikk, 'electric'), is the tram system in Oslo, Norway.

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Trial of Anders Behring Breivik

The trial of Anders Behring Breivik, the perpetrator of the 2011 Norway attacks, took place between 16 April and 22 June 2012 in Oslo District Court.

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TV 2 (Norway)

TV 2 is the largest commercial television broadcaster in Norway.

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Tyrifjorden

Tyrifjorden (Lake Tyri) is a lake in Norway.

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Ultranationalism

Ultranationalism is an "extreme nationalism that promotes the interest of one state or people above all others", or simply "extreme devotion to one's own nation".

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Utøya

Utøya is an island in the Tyrifjorden lake in Hole municipality, in the county of Buskerud, Norway.

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Utøykaia

Utøykaia, also called «Thorbjørnkaia», is a ferry landing in Tyrifjorden.

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UTC+02:00

UTC+02:00 is an identifier for a time offset from UTC of +02.

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Utvika Camping

Utvika Camping is a camping spot close to the Tyrifjorden.

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Vårt Land (Norwegian newspaper)

Vårt Land (which literally means "Our Country" in Norwegian) is a daily newspaper published in Oslo.

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Verdens Gang

Verdens Gang ("The course of the world"), generally known under the abbreviation VG, is a foreign-owned Norwegian tabloid newspaper.

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Vlad the Impaler

Vlad III, known as Vlad the Impaler (Vlad Țepeș) or Vlad Dracula (1428/311476/77), was voivode (or prince) of Wallachia three times between 1448 and his death.

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Volkswagen Crafter

The Volkswagen Crafter, introduced in 2006 is the largest 3 to 5 tonne van produced and sold by the German automaker Volkswagen Commercial Vehicles.

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Vz. 58

The VZ.

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Walking wounded

In first aid and triage, the walking wounded are injured persons who are of a relatively low priority.

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Warsaw University of Technology

No description.

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Western Europe

Western Europe is the region comprising the western part of Europe.

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WiiWare

WiiWare is a service that allows Wii users to download games and applications specifically designed and developed for the Wii video game console made by Nintendo.

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William S. Lind

William S. Lind (born July 9, 1947) is an American paleoconservative author.

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Winston Churchill

Sir Winston Leonard Spencer-Churchill (30 November 187424 January 1965) was a British politician, army officer, and writer, who was Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1940 to 1945 and again from 1951 to 1955.

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Workers' Youth League (Norway)

The Workers' Youth League (Arbeidernes Ungdomsfylking, Arbeidaranes Ungdomsfylking, or AUF) is Norway's largest political youth organization and is affiliated with the Norwegian Labour Party.

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World of Warcraft

World of Warcraft (WoW) is a massively multiplayer online role-playing game (MMORPG) released in 2004 by Blizzard Entertainment.

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World War II

World War II (often abbreviated to WWII or WW2), also known as the Second World War, was a global war that lasted from 1939 to 1945, although conflicts reflecting the ideological clash between what would become the Allied and Axis blocs began earlier.

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Wrocław

Wrocław (Breslau; Vratislav; Vratislavia) is the largest city in western Poland.

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Xenophobia

Xenophobia is the fear and distrust of that which is perceived to be foreign or strange.

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Zionism

Zionism (צִיּוֹנוּת Tsiyyonut after Zion) is the national movement of the Jewish people that supports the re-establishment of a Jewish homeland in the territory defined as the historic Land of Israel (roughly corresponding to Canaan, the Holy Land, or the region of Palestine).

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.223 Remington

The.223 Remington (.223 Rem) is a rifle cartridge.

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.308 Winchester

The.308 Winchester (pronounced: "three-oh-eight") is a rimless, bottlenecked rifle cartridge and is the commercial cartridge from which the 7.62×51mm NATO round was derived.

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112 (emergency telephone number)

112 is the common emergency telephone number that can be dialed free of charge from most mobile telephones and, in some countries, fixed telephones in order to reach emergency services (ambulance, fire and rescue, police).

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2002 Bali bombings

The 2002 Bali bombings occurred on 12 October 2002 in the tourist district of Kuta on the Indonesian island of Bali.

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2004 Madrid train bombings

The 2004 Madrid train bombings (also known in Spain as 11-M) were nearly simultaneous, coordinated bombings against the Cercanías commuter train system of Madrid, Spain, on the morning of 11 March 2004 – three days before Spain's general elections.

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2016 Nice attack

On the evening of 14 July 2016, a 19 tonne cargo truck was deliberately driven into crowds of people celebrating Bastille Day on the Promenade des Anglais in Nice, France, resulting in the deaths of 86 people and the injury of 458 others.

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22 July Information Center

The 22 July Information Center (Norwegian: 22. juli-senteret) is a Norwegian governmental information center on the terrorist attack on Norway on 22 July 2011 in Oslo and at Utøya, Norway.

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7.62×39mm

The 7.62×39mm (aka 7.62 Soviet or formerly.30 Russian Short) round is a rimless bottlenecked intermediate cartridge of Soviet origin that was designed during World War II.

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References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2011_Norway_attacks

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