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47 relations: Abducens nerve, Accommodation (eye), Alfred Bielschowsky, Ancient Greek, Arteriovenous malformation, Basal plate (neural tube), Bleeding, Brainstem, Cavernous sinus, Cerebellar tentorium, Cerebral aqueduct, Conjugate gaze palsy, Demyelinating disease, Diabetic neuropathy, Diplopia, Dura mater, Edema, Embryo, Extraocular muscles, General somatic efferent fibers, Gnathostomata, Homology (biology), Hydrocephalus, Idiopathic intracranial hypertension, Inferior colliculus, Internal carotid artery, Meninges, Meningitis, Midbrain, Motor nerve, Multiple sclerosis, Oculomotor nerve, Parks–Bielschowsky three-step test, Posterior cerebral artery, Posterior clinoid processes, Pulley, Saccade, Shingles, Somatic nervous system, Superior cerebellar artery, Superior oblique muscle, Superior orbital fissure, Tolosa–Hunt syndrome, Torticollis, Trigeminal nerve, Trochlea of superior oblique, Trochlear nucleus.
Abducens nerve
The abducens nerve is a nerve that controls the movement of the lateral rectus muscle in humans, responsible for outward gaze.
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Accommodation (eye)
Accommodation is the process by which the vertebrate eye changes optical power to maintain a clear image or focus on an object as its distance varies.
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Alfred Bielschowsky
Alfred Bielschowsky (December 11, 1871 – April 5, 1940) was a German ophthalmologist.
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Ancient Greek
The Ancient Greek language includes the forms of Greek used in ancient Greece and the ancient world from around the 9th century BC to the 6th century AD.
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Arteriovenous malformation
Arteriovenous malformation (AVM) is an abnormal connection between arteries and veins, bypassing the capillary system.
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Basal plate (neural tube)
In the developing nervous system, the basal plate is the region of the neural tube ventral to the sulcus limitans.
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Bleeding
Bleeding, also known as hemorrhaging or haemorrhaging, is blood escaping from the circulatory system.
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Brainstem
The brainstem (or brain stem) is the posterior part of the brain, adjoining and structurally continuous with the spinal cord.
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Cavernous sinus
The cavernous sinus within the human head, is a true dural venous sinus (not a venous plexus) creating a cavity called the lateral sellar compartment bordered by the temporal bone of the skull and the sphenoid bone, lateral to the sella turcica.
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Cerebellar tentorium
The cerebellar tentorium or tentorium cerebelli (Latin: "tent of the cerebellum", Greek: "Σκηνίδιο της παρεγκεφαλίδας") is an extension of the dura mater that separates the cerebellum from the inferior portion of the occipital lobes.
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Cerebral aqueduct
The cerebral aqueduct, also known as the aqueductus mesencephali, mesencephalic duct, sylvian aqueduct or the aqueduct of Sylvius is within the mesencephalon (or midbrain), contains cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and connects the third ventricle in the diencephalon to the fourth ventricle within the region of the mesencephalon and metencephalon, located dorsal to the pons and ventral to the cerebellum.
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Conjugate gaze palsy
Conjugate gaze palsies are neurological disorders affecting the ability to move both eyes in the same direction.
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Demyelinating disease
A demyelinating disease is any disease of the nervous system in which the myelin sheath of neurons is damaged.
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Diabetic neuropathy
Diabetic neuropathies are nerve damaging disorders associated with diabetes mellitus.
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Diplopia
Diplopia, commonly known as double vision, is the simultaneous perception of two images of a single object that may be displaced horizontally, vertically, diagonally (i.e., both vertically and horizontally), or rotationally in relation to each other.
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Dura mater
Dura mater, or dura, is a thick membrane made of dense irregular connective tissue that surrounds the brain and spinal cord.
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Edema
Edema, also spelled oedema or œdema, is an abnormal accumulation of fluid in the interstitium, located beneath the skin and in the cavities of the body, which can cause severe pain.
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Embryo
An embryo is an early stage of development of a multicellular diploid eukaryotic organism.
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Extraocular muscles
The extraocular muscles are the six muscles that control movement of the eye and one muscle that controls eyelid elevation (levator palpebrae).
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General somatic efferent fibers
The *spinal* somatic efferent neurons (GSE, 'somatomotor, or somatic motor fibers), arise from motor neuron cell bodies in the ventral horns of the gray matter within the spinal cord.
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Gnathostomata
Gnathostomata are the jawed vertebrates.
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Homology (biology)
In biology, homology is the existence of shared ancestry between a pair of structures, or genes, in different taxa.
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Hydrocephalus
Hydrocephalus is a condition in which there is an accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) within the brain.
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Idiopathic intracranial hypertension
Idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) is a condition characterized by increased intracranial pressure (pressure around the brain) without a detectable cause.
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Inferior colliculus
The inferior colliculus (IC) (Latin for lower hill) is the principal midbrain nucleus of the auditory pathway and receives input from several peripheral brainstem nuclei in the auditory pathway, as well as inputs from the auditory cortex.
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Internal carotid artery
The internal carotid artery is a major paired artery, one on each side of the head and neck, in human anatomy.
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Meninges
The meninges (singular: meninx, from membrane, adjectival: meningeal) are the three membranes that envelop the brain and spinal cord.
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Meningitis
Meningitis is an acute inflammation of the protective membranes covering the brain and spinal cord, known collectively as the meninges.
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Midbrain
The midbrain or mesencephalon (from Greek mesos 'middle', and enkephalos 'brain') is a portion of the central nervous system associated with vision, hearing, motor control, sleep/wake, arousal (alertness), and temperature regulation.
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Motor nerve
A motor nerve is a nerve located in the central nervous system (CNS), usually the spinal cord, that sends motor signals from the CNS to the muscles of the body.This is different from the motor neuron, which includes a cell body and branching of dendrites, while the nerve is made up of a bundle of axons.
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Multiple sclerosis
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a demyelinating disease in which the insulating covers of nerve cells in the brain and spinal cord are damaged.
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Oculomotor nerve
The oculomotor nerve is the third cranial nerve.
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Parks–Bielschowsky three-step test
The Parks–Bielschowsky three-step test, also known as Park's three-step test or Bielschowsky head tilt test, is a method used to isolate the paretic extraocular muscle, particularly superior oblique muscle and trochlear nerve (IVth cranial nerve), in acquired vertical double vision.
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Posterior cerebral artery
The posterior cerebral artery (PCA) is one of a pair of blood vessels that supply oxygenated blood to the posterior aspect of the brain (occipital lobe) in human anatomy.
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Posterior clinoid processes
In the sphenoid bone, the anterior boundary of the sella turcica is completed by two small eminences, one on either side, called the anterior clinoid processes, while the posterior boundary is formed by a square-shaped plate of bone, the dorsum sellæ, ending at its superior angles in two tubercles, the posterior clinoid processes, the size and form of which vary considerably in different individuals. The posterior clinoid processes deepen the sella turcica, and give attachment to the tentorium cerebelli.
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Pulley
A pulley is a wheel on an axle or shaft that is designed to support movement and change of direction of a taut cable or belt, or transfer of power between the shaft and cable or belt.
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Saccade
A saccade (French for jerk) is a quick, simultaneous movement of both eyes between two or more phases of fixation in the same direction.
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Shingles
Shingles, also known as herpes zoster, is a viral disease characterized by a painful skin rash with blisters in a localized area.
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Somatic nervous system
The somatic nervous system (SNS or voluntary nervous system) is the part of the peripheral nervous system associated with the voluntary control of body movements via skeletal muscles.
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Superior cerebellar artery
The superior cerebellar artery (SCA) arises near the termination of the basilar artery.
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Superior oblique muscle
The superior oblique muscle, or obliquus oculi superior, is a fusiform muscle originating in the upper, medial side of the orbit (i.e. from beside the nose) which abducts, depresses and internally rotates the eye.
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Superior orbital fissure
The superior orbital fissure is a foramen in the skull, although strictly it is more of a cleft, lying between the lesser and greater wings of the sphenoid bone.
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Tolosa–Hunt syndrome
Tolosa–Hunt syndrome (THS) is a rare disorder characterized by severe and unilateral headaches with orbital pain, along with weakness and paralysis (ophthalmoplegia) of certain eye muscles (extraocular palsies).
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Torticollis
Torticollis, also known as wry neck, is a dystonic condition defined by an abnormal, asymmetrical head or neck position, which may be due to a variety of causes.
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Trigeminal nerve
The trigeminal nerve (the fifth cranial nerve, or simply CN V) is a nerve responsible for sensation in the face and motor functions such as biting and chewing; it is the largest of the cranial nerves.
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Trochlea of superior oblique
The trochlea of superior oblique is a pulley-like structure in the eye.
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Trochlear nucleus
The nucleus of the trochlear nerve is located in the midbrain, at an intercollicular level between the superior colliculus and inferior colliculus.
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4th cranial nerve, CN IV, Cranial nerve 4, Cranial nerve IV, Fourth cranial nerve, IV cranial nerve, Nervus trochlearis, Trochlear CN, Trochlear cranial nerve, Trochlear motor neuron, Trochlear nerve diseases, Trochlear nerves.
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trochlear_nerve
