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Alexander Downer

Index Alexander Downer

Alexander John Gosse Downer AC (born 9 September 1951) is a former Australian politician and diplomat who was leader of the Liberal Party from 1994 to 1995, Minister for Foreign Affairs from 1996 to 2007, and High Commissioner to the United Kingdom from 2014 to 2018. [1]

143 relations: Abbott Government, Adelaide, Adelaide Hills, Adelaide Symphony Orchestra, Alick Downer, Andrew Peacock, Anglicanism, Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation, Australian Broadcasting Corporation, Australian Chamber of Commerce and Industry, Australian Democrats, Australian federal election, 1984, Australian federal election, 1993, Australian federal election, 2007, Australian Labor Party, Australian League of Rights, Australian National University, Australian Senate, Australians for Constitutional Monarchy, Autonomous Region of Bougainville, AWB oil-for-wheat scandal, Bachelor of Arts, Bank, Bank of New South Wales, BBC, Bespoke Approach, Bill Hayden, Brendan Nelson, Brussels, Carnegie Mellon University, Centenary Medal, Chen Yonglin, Christmas Island, Coalition (Australia), Cole Inquiry, Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting 2015, Commonwealth Secretary-General, Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty, Confederation of Australian Motor Sport, Cyprus, David Hicks, Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade (Australia), Diplomat, Division of Mayo, Domestic violence, Downer family, East Timor, Economist, Elizabeth II, Executive director, ..., Fairfax Media, Falun Gong, Four Corners (Australian TV program), Frontbencher, Gareth Evans (politician), Geelong Grammar School, George Brandis, Guantanamo Bay detention camp, Hakluyt & Company, High Commission of Australia, London, Howard Government, Huawei, Indonesia, International Force East Timor, Iraq, Iraq War, James Hay Gosse, Jamie Briggs, John Downer, John Gee, John Hewson, John Howard, Kneecapping, Lateline, Liberal Party of Australia, Liberal Party of Australia leadership spill, 1994, List of Australian Leaders of the Opposition, List of High Commissioners of Australia to the United Kingdom, List of people from Adelaide, Malcolm Fraser, Malcolm Turnbull, Mamdouh Habib, Mary Downer, Mayo by-election, 2008, Menzies Government (1949–66), Mike Rann, Minister for Foreign Affairs (Australia), Minister for Immigration and Border Protection, Mount George, South Australia, Natasha Stott Despoja, New Zealand, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, News Corp Australia, Nick Bolkus, North Korea, North Korea and weapons of mass destruction, Nuclear Command Authority (India), Oil reserves, Order of Australia, Osama bin Laden, Pacific Solution, Pakistan and weapons of mass destruction, Parliament House, Canberra, Patricia Scotland, Paul Keating, Peter Costello, Peter Reith, Policy Exchange, Politician, Premier of South Australia, Radley College, Republicanism in Australia, Rudd Government (2007–10), Saddam Hussein, South Australia, Stephen Smith (Australian politician), Suharto, Sun Herald, Supreme Court of the Australian Capital Territory, Taepodong-2, Tampa affair, The 7.30 Report, The Advertiser (Adelaide), The Age, The Honourable, The New York Times, The Sydney Morning Herald, Timor Gap, Tony Abbott, Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons, United Nations, United Nations General Assembly, United States Congress, United States Senate, University of Adelaide, University of South Australia, V8 engine, Weapon of mass destruction, Westpac, William Gosse (explorer), 2002 Bali bombings, 2013 Australia Day Honours. Expand index (93 more) »

Abbott Government

The Abbott Government was the federal executive government of Australia led by the 28th Prime Minister Tony Abbott.

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Adelaide

Adelaide is the capital city of the state of South Australia, and the fifth-most populous city of Australia.

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Adelaide Hills

The Adelaide Hills are part of the Mount Lofty Ranges, east of the city of Adelaide in the state of South Australia.

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Adelaide Symphony Orchestra

The Adelaide Symphony Orchestra (ASO) is an Australian orchestra based in Adelaide, South Australia.

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Alick Downer

Sir Alexander Russell "Alick" Downer (7 April 1910 – 30 March 1981) was an Australian politician and diplomat.

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Andrew Peacock

Andrew Sharp Peacock AC GCL (born 13 February 1939) is a former Australian politician and diplomat.

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Anglicanism

Anglicanism is a Western Christian tradition that evolved out of the practices, liturgy and identity of the Church of England following the Protestant Reformation.

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Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation

Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) is a forum for 21 Pacific Rim member economies.

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Australian Broadcasting Corporation

The Australian Broadcasting Corporation (ABC) founded in 1929 is Australia's national broadcaster, funded by the Australian Federal Government but specifically independent of Government and politics in the Commonwealth.

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Australian Chamber of Commerce and Industry

The Australian Chamber of Commerce and Industry (Australian Chamber) is Australia's largest and most representative business association, comprising state and territory chambers of commerce and national industry associations.

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Australian Democrats

The Australian Democrats is an Australian political party in existence since 1977.

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Australian federal election, 1984

Federal elections were held in Australia on 1 December 1984.

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Australian federal election, 1993

The 1993 Australian federal election was held to determine the members of the 37th Parliament of Australia.

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Australian federal election, 2007

Federal elections were held in Australia on 24 November 2007.

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Australian Labor Party

The Australian Labor Party (ALP, also Labor, was Labour before 1912) is a political party in Australia.

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Australian League of Rights

The Australian League of Rights is a far-right political organisation in Australia.

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Australian National University

The Australian National University (ANU) is a national research university located in Canberra, the capital of Australia.

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Australian Senate

The Australian Senate is the upper house of the bicameral Parliament of Australia, the lower house being the House of Representatives.

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Australians for Constitutional Monarchy

Australians for Constitutional Monarchy (ACM) is a group that aims to preserve Australia's current constitutional monarchy, with Elizabeth II as Queen of Australia.

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Autonomous Region of Bougainville

The Autonomous Region of Bougainville, previously known as the North Solomons Province, is an autonomous region in Papua New Guinea.

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AWB oil-for-wheat scandal

The AWB oil-for-wheat scandal (also known just as the AWB scandal) refers to the payment of kickbacks to the regime of Saddam Hussein in contravention of the United Nations Oil-for-Food Humanitarian Program.

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Bachelor of Arts

A Bachelor of Arts (BA or AB, from the Latin baccalaureus artium or artium baccalaureus) is a bachelor's degree awarded for an undergraduate course or program in either the liberal arts, sciences, or both.

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Bank

A bank is a financial institution that accepts deposits from the public and creates credit.

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Bank of New South Wales

The Bank of New South Wales (BNSW), also known commonly as The Wales, was the first bank in Australia, being established in Sydney in 1817 and situated on Broadway.

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BBC

The British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) is a British public service broadcaster.

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Bespoke Approach

Bespoke Approach is an Australian corporate advisory firm and registered political lobbyist.

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Bill Hayden

William George Hayden (born 23 January 1933) is a former Australian politician who served as the 21st Governor-General of Australia, in office from 1989 to 1996.

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Brendan Nelson

Brendan John Nelson (born 19 August 1958) is a former Australian politician who served as the federal Leader of the Opposition from 2007 to 2008.

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Brussels

Brussels (Bruxelles,; Brussel), officially the Brussels-Capital Region (All text and all but one graphic show the English name as Brussels-Capital Region.) (Région de Bruxelles-Capitale, Brussels Hoofdstedelijk Gewest), is a region of Belgium comprising 19 municipalities, including the City of Brussels, which is the de jure capital of Belgium.

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Carnegie Mellon University

Carnegie Mellon University (commonly known as CMU) is a private research university in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.

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Centenary Medal

The Centenary Medal is an award created by the Australian Government in 2001.

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Chen Yonglin

Chen Yonglin is a former Chinese diplomat who sparked fears of a diplomatic incident through his defection to Australia in the summer of 2005.

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Christmas Island

The Territory of Christmas Island is an Australian external territory comprising the island of the same name. Christmas Island is located in the Indian Ocean, around south of Java and Sumatra and around north-west of the closest point on the Australian mainland. It has an area of. Christmas Island had a population of 1,843 residents as of 2016, the majority of whom live in settlements on the northern tip of the island. The main settlement is Flying Fish Cove. Around two-thirds of the island's population is estimated to have Malaysian Chinese origin (though just 21.2% of the population declared a Chinese ancestry in 2016), with significant numbers of Malays and white Australians as well as smaller numbers of Malaysian Indians and Eurasians. Several languages are in use, including English, Malay, and various Chinese dialects. Islam and Buddhism are major religions on the island, though a vast majority of the population does not declare a formal religious affiliation and may be involved in ethnic Chinese religion. The first European to sight the island was Richard Rowe of the Thomas in 1615. The island was later named on Christmas Day (25 December) 1643 by Captain William Mynors, but only settled in the late 19th century. Its geographic isolation and history of minimal human disturbance has led to a high level of endemism among its flora and fauna, which is of interest to scientists and naturalists. The majority (63 percent) of the island is included in the Christmas Island National Park, which features several areas of primary monsoonal forest. Phosphate, deposited originally as guano, has been mined on the island since 1899.

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Coalition (Australia)

The Coalition (or Liberal–National Coalition) is an alliance of centre-right political parties that forms one of the two major groupings in Australian federal politics.

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Cole Inquiry

The Inquiry into certain Australian companies in relation to the UN Oil-For-Food Programme, or less formally, the Cole Inquiry, was a Royal Commission established by the Australian government pursuant to the to investigate "whether decisions, actions, conduct or payments by Australian companies mentioned in the Volcker Inquiry into the United Nations Oil-for-Food Programme breached any Federal, State or Territory law." The inquiry commenced on 10 November 2005 and was overseen by a sole Royal Commissioner, The Honourable Justice Terence Cole.

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Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting 2015

The Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting 2015, also known as CHOGM 2015 was the 24th meeting of the heads of government of the Commonwealth of Nations.

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Commonwealth Secretary-General

The Commonwealth Secretary-General is the head of the Commonwealth Secretariat, the central body which has served the Commonwealth of Nations since its establishment in 1965, and responsible for representing the Commonwealth publicly.

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Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty

The Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty (CTBT) is a multilateral treaty that bans all nuclear explosions, for both civilian and military purposes, in all environments.

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Confederation of Australian Motor Sport

The Confederation of Australian Motor Sport (CAMS), is the official governing body of motor sport in Australia.

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Cyprus

Cyprus (Κύπρος; Kıbrıs), officially the Republic of Cyprus (Κυπριακή Δημοκρατία; Kıbrıs Cumhuriyeti), is an island country in the Eastern Mediterranean and the third largest and third most populous island in the Mediterranean.

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David Hicks

David Matthew Hicks (born 7 August 1975) is an Australian who was detained by the United States in Guantanamo Bay detention camp from 2001 until 2007.

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Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade (Australia)

The Australian Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade (also called DFAT, ˈdiː.fæˑt, DEE-fat) is the department of the Government of Australia with the responsibility of the foreign policy, foreign relations, foreign aid, consular services, and trade and investment of the Commonwealth of Australia.

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Diplomat

A diplomat is a person appointed by a state to conduct diplomacy with one or more other states or international organizations.

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Division of Mayo

The Division of Mayo is an Australian electoral division located to the east and south of Adelaide, South Australia.

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Domestic violence

Domestic violence (also named domestic abuse or family violence) is violence or other abuse by one person against another in a domestic setting, such as in marriage or cohabitation.

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Downer family

The Downer family has played a significant role in the South Australian and Australian political and social sphere since the early days of European settlement.

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East Timor

East Timor or Timor-Leste (Tetum: Timór Lorosa'e), officially the Democratic Republic of Timor-Leste (República Democrática de Timor-Leste, Repúblika Demokrátika Timór-Leste), is a sovereign state in Maritime Southeast Asia.

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Economist

An economist is a practitioner in the social science discipline of economics.

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Elizabeth II

Elizabeth II (Elizabeth Alexandra Mary; born 21 April 1926) is Queen of the United Kingdom and the other Commonwealth realms.

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Executive director

An executive director is a chief executive officer (CEO) or managing director of an organization, company, or corporation.

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Fairfax Media

Fairfax Media Limited (formerly John Fairfax and Sons) is one of the largest media companies in Australia and New Zealand, with investments in newspaper, magazines, radio and digital properties.

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Falun Gong

Falun Gong or Falun Dafa (Standard Mandarin Chinese:; literally, "Dharma Wheel Practice" or "Law Wheel Practice") is a modern Chinese spiritual practice that combines meditation and qigong exercises with a moral philosophy centered on the tenets of truthfulness, compassion, and forbearance.

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Four Corners (Australian TV program)

Four Corners is an Australian investigative journalism/current affairs documentary television program, the longest of its kind nationally.

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Frontbencher

In many parliaments and other similar assemblies, seating is typically arranged in banks or rows, with each political party or caucus grouped together.

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Gareth Evans (politician)

Gareth John Evans AC, QC (born 5 September 1944), is an Australian international policymaker and former politician.

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Geelong Grammar School

Geelong Grammar School is an independent Anglican co-educational boarding and day school.

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George Brandis

George Henry Brandis (born 22 June 1957) is an Australian diplomat and former politician who has been the Australian High Commissioner to the United Kingdom since May 2018.

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Guantanamo Bay detention camp

The Guantanamo Bay detention camp is a United States military prison located within Guantanamo Bay Naval Base,, The Independent, 29 April 2006 also referred to as Guantánamo or GTMO, which is on the coast of Guantánamo Bay in Cuba.

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Hakluyt & Company

Hakluyt & Company is a British strategic intelligence and advisory firm, and since 2011 has been a trading name of the renamed company Holdingham Group Limited.

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High Commission of Australia, London

The High Commission of Australia in London is the diplomatic mission of Australia in the United Kingdom.

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Howard Government

The Howard Government refers to the federal executive government of Australia led by Prime Minister John Howard between 11 March 1996 and 3 December 2007.

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Huawei

Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. is a Chinese multinational networking, telecommunications equipment, and services company headquartered in Shenzhen, Guangdong.

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Indonesia

Indonesia (or; Indonesian), officially the Republic of Indonesia (Republik Indonesia), is a transcontinental unitary sovereign state located mainly in Southeast Asia, with some territories in Oceania.

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International Force East Timor

The International Force East Timor (INTERFET) was a multinational non-United Nations peacemaking taskforce, organised and led by Australia in accordance with United Nations resolutions to address the humanitarian and security crisis that took place in East Timor from 1999–2000 until the arrival of UN peacekeepers.

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Iraq

Iraq (or; العراق; عێراق), officially known as the Republic of Iraq (جُمُهورية العِراق; کۆماری عێراق), is a country in Western Asia, bordered by Turkey to the north, Iran to the east, Kuwait to the southeast, Saudi Arabia to the south, Jordan to the southwest and Syria to the west.

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Iraq War

The Iraq WarThe conflict is also known as the War in Iraq, the Occupation of Iraq, the Second Gulf War, and Gulf War II.

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James Hay Gosse

Sir James Hay Gosse (21 December 1876 – 14 August 1952) was an Australian businessman, sportsman, and philanthropist.

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Jamie Briggs

Jamie Edward Briggs (born 9 June 1977) is a former Australian politician, who represented the House of Representatives seat of Mayo for the Liberal Party of Australia from the 2008 Mayo by-election to the 2 July 2016 federal election.

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John Downer

Sir John William Downer, KCMG, KC (6 July 1843 – 2 August 1915) was the Premier of South Australia twice, from 16 June 1885 until 11 June 1887 and again from 1892 to 1893.

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John Gee

John Laurence Gee (born 1964) is a Mormon apologist, and Egyptologist at Brigham Young University (BYU), known for his writings in support of the Book of Abraham.

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John Hewson

Dr John Robert Hewson AM (born 28 October 1946) is a former Australian politician who served as leader of the Liberal Party from 1990 to 1994.

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John Howard

John Winston Howard, (born 26 July 1939) is a former Australian politician who served as the 25th Prime Minister of Australia, in office from 1996 to 2007.

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Kneecapping

Kneecapping is a form of malicious wounding, often as criminal punishment or torture, in which the victim is injured in the knee.

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Lateline

Lateline was an Australian television news program which ran from 1990 until 2017.

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Liberal Party of Australia

The Liberal Party of Australia is a major centre-right political party in Australia, one of the two major parties in Australian politics, along with the centre-left Australian Labor Party (ALP).

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Liberal Party of Australia leadership spill, 1994

A leadership spill of the federal parliamentary leader of the Liberal Party of Australia was held on 23 May 1994.

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List of Australian Leaders of the Opposition

Below is a List of Australian Leaders of the Opposition.

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List of High Commissioners of Australia to the United Kingdom

The High Commissioner of Australia to the United Kingdom is an officer of the Australian Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade and the head of the High Commission of the Commonwealth of Australia to United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland in London.

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List of people from Adelaide

This is a list of notable people from Adelaide, also known as Adelaideans.

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Malcolm Fraser

John Malcolm Fraser (21 May 1930 – 20 March 2015) was an Australian politician who served as the 22nd Prime Minister of Australia, in office from 1975 to 1983 as leader of the Liberal Party.

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Malcolm Turnbull

Malcolm Bligh Turnbull (born 24 October 1954) is an Australian politician serving as the 29th and current Prime Minister of Australia and Leader of the Liberal Party since 2015.

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Mamdouh Habib

Mamdouh Habib is an Egyptian and Australian citizen with dual nationality, best known for having been held for more than three years by the United States as an enemy combatant, by both the CIA and military authorities.

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Mary Downer

Mary Isobel Downer, Lady Downer (13 December 1924 – 14 October 2014) was a prominent South Australian patron, wife of federal MP and high commissioner Sir Alexander "Alick" Downer, and mother of Liberal Party leader, Australian Foreign Minister and high commissioner Alexander Downer.

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Mayo by-election, 2008

A by-election was held for the Australian House of Representatives seat of Mayo, located in Adelaide, South Australia, on 6 September 2008, following the retirement of Liberal Party MP and former Liberal leader Alexander Downer.

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Menzies Government (1949–66)

The Menzies Government (1949–1966) refers to the second period of federal executive government of Australia led by Prime Minister Robert Menzies.

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Mike Rann

Michael David Rann,, (born 5 January 1953) is an Australian former politician who was the 44th Premier of South Australia from 2002 to 2011.

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Minister for Foreign Affairs (Australia)

The Minister for Foreign Affairs (commonly shortened to Foreign Minister) is the minister in the Government of Australia who is responsible for overseeing the international diplomacy section of the Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade.

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Minister for Immigration and Border Protection

The Minister for Immigration and Border Protection is a ministerial post of the Australian Government.

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Mount George, South Australia

No description.

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Natasha Stott Despoja

Natasha Jessica Stott Despoja AM (born 9 September 1969) is Australia's former Ambassador for Women and Girls.

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New Zealand

New Zealand (Aotearoa) is a sovereign island country in the southwestern Pacific Ocean.

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Newcastle University

Newcastle University (officially, the University of Newcastle upon Tyne) is a public research university in Newcastle upon Tyne in the North-East of England.

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Newcastle upon Tyne

Newcastle upon Tyne, commonly known as Newcastle, is a city in Tyne and Wear, North East England, 103 miles (166 km) south of Edinburgh and 277 miles (446 km) north of London on the northern bank of the River Tyne, from the North Sea.

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News Corp Australia

News Corp Australia (formerly News Limited) is one of Australia's largest media companies, employing more than 8,000 staff nationwide and approximately 3,000 journalists.

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Nick Bolkus

Nick Bolkus (born 17 July 1950) is a former Australian Labor Party politician.

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North Korea

North Korea (Chosŏn'gŭl:조선; Hanja:朝鮮; Chosŏn), officially the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (abbreviated as DPRK, PRK, DPR Korea, or Korea DPR), is a country in East Asia constituting the northern part of the Korean Peninsula.

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North Korea and weapons of mass destruction

North Korea has a military nuclear weapons program and also has a significant quantity of chemical and biological weapons.

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Nuclear Command Authority (India)

The Nuclear Command Authority (NCA) of India is the authority responsible for command, control and operational decisions regarding India's nuclear weapons programme.

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Oil reserves

Oil reserves denote the amount of crude oil that can be technically recovered at a cost that is financially feasible at the present price of oil.

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Order of Australia

The Order of Australia is an order of chivalry established on 14 February 1975 by Elizabeth II, Queen of Australia, to recognise Australian citizens and other persons for achievement or meritorious service.

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Osama bin Laden

Usama ibn Mohammed ibn Awad ibn Ladin (أسامة بن محمد بن عوض بن لادن), often anglicized as Osama bin Laden (March 10, 1957 – May 2, 2011), was a founder of, the organization responsible for the September 11 attacks in the United States and many other mass-casualty attacks worldwide.

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Pacific Solution

The Pacific Solution is the name given to the Government of Australia policy of transporting asylum seekers to detention centres on island nations in the Pacific Ocean, rather than allowing them to land on the Australian mainland.

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Pakistan and weapons of mass destruction

Pakistan is one of nine states to possess nuclear weapons. Pakistan began development of nuclear weapons in January 1972 under Prime Minister Zulfikar Ali Bhutto, who delegated the program to the Chairman of the Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission (PAEC) Munir Ahmad Khan with a commitment to having the bomb ready by the end of 1976. Since PAEC, consisting of over twenty laboratories and projects under nuclear engineer Munir Ahmad Khan, was falling behind schedule and having considerable difficulty producing fissile material, Abdul Qadeer Khan was brought from Europe by Bhutto at the end of 1974. As pointed out by Houston Wood, Professor of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, in his article on gas centrifuges, "The most difficult step in building a nuclear weapon is the production of fissile material"; as such, this work in producing fissile material as head of the Kahuta Project was pivotal to Pakistan developing the capability to detonate a nuclear bomb by the end of 1984.Levy, Adrian and Catherine Scott-Clark, Deception: Pakistan, the United States, and the Secret Trade in Nuclear Weapons. New York. Walker Publishing Company. 1977: page 112. Print. The Kahuta Project started under the supervision of a coordination board that oversaw the activities of KRL and PAEC. The Board consisted of A G N Kazi (secretary general, finance), Ghulam Ishaq Khan (secretary general, defence), and Agha Shahi (secretary general, foreign affairs), and reported directly to Bhutto. Ghulam Ishaq Khan and General Tikka Khan appointed military engineer Major General Ali Nawab to the program. Eventually, the supervision passed to Lt General Zahid Ali Akbar Khan in President General Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq's Administration. Moderate uranium enrichment for the production of fissile material was achieved at KRL by April 1978. Pakistan's nuclear weapons development was in response to the loss of East Pakistan in 1971's Bangladesh Liberation War. Bhutto called a meeting of senior scientists and engineers on 20 January 1972, in Multan, which came to known as "Multan meeting". Bhutto was the main architect of this programme, and it was here that Bhutto orchestrated nuclear weapons programme and rallied Pakistan's academic scientists to build the atomic bomb in three years for national survival. At the Multan meeting, Bhutto also appointed Munir Ahmad Khan as chairman of PAEC, who, until then, had been working as director at the nuclear power and Reactor Division of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), in Vienna, Austria. In December 1972, Abdus Salam led the establishment of Theoretical Physics Group (TPG) as he called scientists working at ICTP to report to Munir Ahmad Khan. This marked the beginning of Pakistan's pursuit of nuclear deterrence capability. Following India's surprise nuclear test, codenamed Smiling Buddha in 1974, the first confirmed nuclear test by a nation outside the permanent five members of the United Nations Security Council, the goal to develop nuclear weapons received considerable impetus. Finally, on 28 May 1998, a few weeks after India's second nuclear test (Operation Shakti), Pakistan detonated five nuclear devices in the Ras Koh Hills in the Chagai district, Balochistan. This operation was named Chagai-I by Pakistan, the underground iron-steel tunnel having been long-constructed by provincial martial law administrator General Rahimuddin Khan during the 1980s. The last test of Pakistan was conducted at the sandy Kharan Desert under the codename Chagai-II, also in Balochistan, on 30 May 1998. Pakistan's fissile material production takes place at Nilore, Kahuta, and Khushab Nuclear Complex, where weapons-grade plutonium is refined. Pakistan thus became the seventh country in the world to successfully develop and test nuclear weapons. Although, according to a letter sent by A.Q. Khan to General Zia, the capability to detonate a nuclear bomb using highly enriched uranium as fissile material produced at KRL had been achieved by KRL in 1984.

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Parliament House, Canberra

Parliament House is the meeting place of the Parliament of Australia, located in Canberra, the capital of Australia.

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Patricia Scotland

Patricia Janet Scotland, Baroness Scotland of Asthal (born 19 August 1955) is an English politician and barrister who served in ministerial positions within the UK Government, most notably as the Attorney General for England and Wales and Advocate General for Northern Ireland.

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Paul Keating

Paul John Keating (born 18 January 1944) is a former Australian politician who served as the 24th Prime Minister of Australia, in office from 1991 to 1996 as leader of the Labor Party.

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Peter Costello

Peter Howard Costello, AC (born 14 August 1957), is a former Australian politician and lawyer who served as the Treasurer in the Australian Howard Government from 1996 to 2007.

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Peter Reith

Peter Keaston Reith (born 15 July 1950) is a former Australian politician who served in the House of Representatives from 1982 to 1983 and from 1984 to 2001, representing the Liberal Party.

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Policy Exchange

Policy Exchange is a British centre-right think tank, created in 2002 and based in London.

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Politician

A politician is a person active in party politics, or a person holding or seeking office in government.

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Premier of South Australia

The Premier of South Australia is the head of government in the state of South Australia, Australia.

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Radley College

Radley College (formally St Peter's College, Radley) is a boys' independent boarding school near Radley, Oxfordshire, England, which was founded in 1847.

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Republicanism in Australia

Republicanism in Australia is a movement to change Australia's system of government from a constitutional monarchy to a republic.

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Rudd Government (2007–10)

The Rudd Government (2007–10) was the government of Australia formed by the Australian Labor Party and led by Kevin Rudd as Prime Minister.

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Saddam Hussein

Saddam Hussein Abd al-Majid al-Tikriti (Arabic: صدام حسين عبد المجيد التكريتي; 28 April 1937 – 30 December 2006) was President of Iraq from 16 July 1979 until 9 April 2003.

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South Australia

South Australia (abbreviated as SA) is a state in the southern central part of Australia.

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Stephen Smith (Australian politician)

Stephen Francis Smith (born 12 December 1955) is a former Australian politician who was a member of the House of Representatives from 1993 to 2013.

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Suharto

Muhammad Suharto (also written Soeharto;, or Muhammad Soeharto; 8 June 1921 – 27 January 2008) was an Indonesian military leader and politician who served as the second President of Indonesia, holding the office for 31 years from the ousting of Sukarno in 1967 until his resignation in 1998.

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Sun Herald

The Sun Herald is a U.S. newspaper based in Biloxi, Mississippi, that serves readers along the Mississippi Gulf Coast.

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Supreme Court of the Australian Capital Territory

The Supreme Court of the Australian Capital Territory is the superior court for the Australian Capital Territory (ACT).

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Taepodong-2

The Taepodong-2 (TD-2, also spelled as Taep'o-dong 2), Federation of American Scientists, May 30, 2008 (대포동 2호) is a designation used to indicate what was initially believed to be a North Korean two or three-stage ballistic missile design that is the successor to the Taepodong-1 technology demonstrator.

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Tampa affair

In August 2001, the Howard Government of Australia refused permission for the Norwegian freighter MV ''Tampa'', carrying 433 rescued refugees (predominantly Hazaras of Afghanistan from a distressed fishing vessel in international waters) and 5 crew to enter Australian waters.

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The 7.30 Report

The 7.30 Report is an Australian week-nightly television current affairs program, that was shown on ABC1 and ABC News 24 at from 1986 to 2011.

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The Advertiser (Adelaide)

The Advertiser is a conservative, daily tabloid-format newspaper published in the city of Adelaide, South Australia.

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The Age

The Age is a daily newspaper that has been published in Melbourne, Australia, since 1854.

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The Honourable

The prefix The Honourable or The Honorable (abbreviated to The Hon., Hon. or formerly The Hon'ble—the latter term is still used in South Asia) is a style that is used before the names of certain classes of people.

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The New York Times

The New York Times (sometimes abbreviated as The NYT or The Times) is an American newspaper based in New York City with worldwide influence and readership.

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The Sydney Morning Herald

The Sydney Morning Herald (SMH) is a daily compact newspaper published by Fairfax Media in Sydney, Australia.

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Timor Gap

The Timor Gap is an area of the Timor Sea between Australia and Timor Island.

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Tony Abbott

Anthony John Abbott (born 4 November 1957) is an Australian politician who served as the 28th Prime Minister of Australia, in office from 2013 to 2015.

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Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons

The Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons, commonly known as the Non-Proliferation Treaty or NPT, is an international treaty whose objective is to prevent the spread of nuclear weapons and weapons technology, to promote cooperation in the peaceful uses of nuclear energy, and to further the goal of achieving nuclear disarmament and general and complete disarmament.

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United Nations

The United Nations (UN) is an intergovernmental organization tasked to promote international cooperation and to create and maintain international order.

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United Nations General Assembly

The United Nations General Assembly (UNGA or GA; Assemblée Générale AG) is one of the six principal organs of the United Nations (UN), the only one in which all member nations have equal representation, and the main deliberative, policy-making and representative organ of the UN.

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United States Congress

The United States Congress is the bicameral legislature of the Federal government of the United States.

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United States Senate

The United States Senate is the upper chamber of the United States Congress, which along with the United States House of Representatives—the lower chamber—comprise the legislature of the United States.

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University of Adelaide

The University of Adelaide (informally Adelaide University) is a public university located in Adelaide, South Australia.

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University of South Australia

The University of South Australia (UniSA) is a public research university in the Australian state of South Australia.

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V8 engine

A V8 engine is an eight-cylinder V configuration engine with the cylinders mounted on the crankcase in two sets (or banks) of four, with all eight pistons driving a common crankshaft.

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Weapon of mass destruction

A weapon of mass destruction (WMD) is a nuclear, radiological, chemical, biological or other weapon that can kill and bring significant harm to a large number of humans or cause great damage to human-made structures (e.g., buildings), natural structures (e.g., mountains), or the biosphere.

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Westpac

Westpac Banking Corporation, more commonly known as Westpac, is an Australian bank and financial-services provider headquartered in Westpac Place, Sydney.

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William Gosse (explorer)

William Christie Gosse (11 December 1842–12 August 1881), was an Australian explorer, who was born in Hoddesdon, Hertfordshire, England and migrated to Australia with his father Dr.

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2002 Bali bombings

The 2002 Bali bombings occurred on 12 October 2002 in the tourist district of Kuta on the Indonesian island of Bali.

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2013 Australia Day Honours

The Australia Day Honours 2013 were announced on 26 January 2013 by the Governor-General of Australia, Quentin Bryce.

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Redirects here:

Alex Downer, Downer, Alexander.

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Downer

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