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85 relations: Acetic acid, Acetone, Alcohol, Alkane, Alkene, Alkyl, Alkylating antineoplastic agent, Alkylbenzene sulfonates, Alkynylation, Aluminium chloride, Amine, Avgas, Brønsted–Lowry acid–base theory, Butene, Carbanion, Carbene, Carbocation, Carbonyl group, Catalysis, Cativa process, Chemical weapon, Chemotherapy, Coenzyme M, Coupling reaction, Cumene, Dimethyl sulfate, DNA, Electrophile, Ether, Ethoxylation, Ethyl acetate, Ethylbenzene, Ethylene, Ethylene oxide, Fluid catalytic cracking, Friedel–Crafts reaction, Gasoline, Green chemistry, Grignard reaction, Halide, Haloalkane, Hydroamination, Hydrocarbon, Hydrodealkylation, Hydrofluoric acid, Ion, Isobutane, Lewis acids and bases, Menshutkin reaction, Methane, ..., Methanogenesis, Methyl iodide, Molecule, Nucleophile, Octane, Oil refinery, Organocopper compound, Organolithium reagent, Organometallic chemistry, Organosodium chemistry, Oxidative addition, Petroleum, Phenol, Propene, Quaternary ammonium cation, Radical (chemistry), S-Adenosyl methionine, Silicotungstic acid, Solid acid, Spectator ion, Styrene, Sulfonium, Sulfur mustard, Sulfuric acid, Suzuki reaction, Tetrahydromethanopterin, Thioether, Thiol, Transalkylation, Triethyloxonium tetrafluoroborate, Trimethyloxonium tetrafluoroborate, Vitamin B12, Williamson ether synthesis, 2,2,4-Trimethylpentane, 2-Methylhexane. Expand index (35 more) »
Acetic acid
Acetic acid, systematically named ethanoic acid, is a colourless liquid organic compound with the chemical formula CH3COOH (also written as CH3CO2H or C2H4O2).
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Acetone
Acetone (systematically named propanone) is the organic compound with the formula (CH3)2CO.
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Alcohol
In chemistry, an alcohol is any organic compound in which the hydroxyl functional group (–OH) is bound to a carbon.
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Alkane
In organic chemistry, an alkane, or paraffin (a historical name that also has other meanings), is an acyclic saturated hydrocarbon.
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Alkene
In organic chemistry, an alkene is an unsaturated hydrocarbon that contains at least one carbon–carbon double bond.
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Alkyl
In organic chemistry, an alkyl substituent is an alkane missing one hydrogen.
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Alkylating antineoplastic agent
An alkylating antineoplastic agent is an alkylating agent used in cancer treatment that attaches an alkyl group (CnH2n+1) to DNA.
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Alkylbenzene sulfonates
Alkylbenzene sulfonates are a class of anionic surfactants, consisting of a hydrophilic sulfonate head-group and a hydrophobic alkylbenzene tail-group.
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Alkynylation
Alkynylation is an addition reaction in organic synthesis where a terminal alkyne adds to a carbonyl group to form an α-alkynyl alcohol.
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Aluminium chloride
Aluminium chloride (AlCl3) is the main compound of aluminium and chlorine.
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Amine
In organic chemistry, amines are compounds and functional groups that contain a basic nitrogen atom with a lone pair.
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Avgas
Avgas (aviation gasoline, also known as aviation spirit in the UK), is an aviation fuel used in spark-ignited internal-combustion engines to propel aircraft.
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Brønsted–Lowry acid–base theory
The Brønsted–Lowry theory is an acid–base reaction theory which was proposed independently by Johannes Nicolaus Brønsted and Thomas Martin Lowry in 1923.
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Butene
Butene, also known as butylene, is a series of alkenes with the general formula C4H8.
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Carbanion
A carbanion is an anion in which carbon is threevalent (forms three bonds) and bears a formal negative charge in at least one significant mesomeric contributor (resonance form).
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Carbene
In chemistry, a carbene is a molecule containing a neutral carbon atom with a valence of two and two unshared valence electrons.
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Carbocation
A carbocation (/karbɔkətaɪː'jɔ̃/) is an ion with a positively charged carbon atom.
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Carbonyl group
In organic chemistry, a carbonyl group is a functional group composed of a carbon atom double-bonded to an oxygen atom: C.
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Catalysis
Catalysis is the increase in the rate of a chemical reaction due to the participation of an additional substance called a catalysthttp://goldbook.iupac.org/C00876.html, which is not consumed in the catalyzed reaction and can continue to act repeatedly.
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Cativa process
The Cativa process is a method for the production of acetic acid by the carbonylation of methanol.
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Chemical weapon
A chemical weapon (CW) is a specialized munition that uses chemicals formulated to inflict death or harm on humans.
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Chemotherapy
Chemotherapy (often abbreviated to chemo and sometimes CTX or CTx) is a type of cancer treatment that uses one or more anti-cancer drugs (chemotherapeutic agents) as part of a standardized chemotherapy regimen.
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Coenzyme M
Coenzyme M is a coenzyme required for methyl-transfer reactions in the metabolism of methanogens.
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Coupling reaction
A coupling reaction in organic chemistry is a general term for a variety of reactions where two hydrocarbon fragments are coupled with the aid of a metal catalyst.
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Cumene
Cumene is the common name for isopropylbenzene, an organic compound that is based on an aromatic hydrocarbon with an aliphatic substitution.
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Dimethyl sulfate
Dimethyl sulfate is a chemical compound with formula (CH3O)2SO2.
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DNA
Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is a thread-like chain of nucleotides carrying the genetic instructions used in the growth, development, functioning and reproduction of all known living organisms and many viruses.
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Electrophile
In organic chemistry, an electrophile is a reagent attracted to electrons.
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Ether
Ethers are a class of organic compounds that contain an ether group—an oxygen atom connected to two alkyl or aryl groups.
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Ethoxylation
Ethoxylation is a chemical reaction in which ethylene oxide adds to a substrate.
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Ethyl acetate
Ethyl acetate (systematically ethyl ethanoate, commonly abbreviated EtOAc or EA) is the organic compound with the formula, simplified to.
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Ethylbenzene
Ethylbenzene is an organic compound with the formula C6H5CH2CH3.
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Ethylene
Ethylene (IUPAC name: ethene) is a hydrocarbon which has the formula or H2C.
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Ethylene oxide
Ethylene oxide, called oxirane by IUPAC, is an organic compound with the formula. It is a cyclic ether and the simplest epoxide: a three-membered ring consisting of one oxygen atom and two carbon atoms. Ethylene oxide is a colorless and flammable gas with a faintly sweet odor. Because it is a strained ring, ethylene oxide easily participates in a number of addition reactions that result in ring-opening. Ethylene oxide is isomeric with acetaldehyde and with vinyl alcohol. Ethylene oxide is industrially produced by oxidation of ethylene in the presence of silver catalyst. The reactivity that is responsible for many of ethylene oxide's hazards also make it useful. Although too dangerous for direct household use and generally unfamiliar to consumers, ethylene oxide is used for making many consumer products as well as non-consumer chemicals and intermediates. These products include detergents, thickeners, solvents, plastics, and various organic chemicals such as ethylene glycol, ethanolamines, simple and complex glycols, polyglycol ethers, and other compounds. Although it is a vital raw material with diverse applications, including the manufacture of products like polysorbate 20 and polyethylene glycol (PEG) that are often more effective and less toxic than alternative materials, ethylene oxide itself is a very hazardous substance. At room temperature it is a flammable, carcinogenic, mutagenic, irritating, and anaesthetic gas. As a toxic gas that leaves no residue on items it contacts, ethylene oxide is a surface disinfectant that is widely used in hospitals and the medical equipment industry to replace steam in the sterilization of heat-sensitive tools and equipment, such as disposable plastic syringes. It is so flammable and extremely explosive that it is used as a main component of thermobaric weapons; therefore, it is commonly handled and shipped as a refrigerated liquid to control its hazardous nature.Rebsdat, Siegfried and Mayer, Dieter (2005) "Ethylene Oxide" in Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. Wiley-VCH, Weinheim..
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Fluid catalytic cracking
Fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) is one of the most important conversion processes used in petroleum refineries.
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Friedel–Crafts reaction
The Friedel–Crafts reactions are a set of reactions developed by Charles Friedel and James Crafts in 1877 to attach substituents to an aromatic ring.
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Gasoline
Gasoline (American English), or petrol (British English), is a transparent, petroleum-derived liquid that is used primarily as a fuel in spark-ignited internal combustion engines.
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Green chemistry
Green chemistry, also called sustainable chemistry, is an area of chemistry and chemical engineering focused on the designing of products and processes that minimize the use and generation of hazardous substances.
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Grignard reaction
The Grignard reaction (pronounced) is an organometallic chemical reaction in which alkyl, vinyl, or aryl-magnesium halides (Grignard reagents) add to a carbonyl group in an aldehyde or ketone.
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Halide
A halide is a binary phase, of which one part is a halogen atom and the other part is an element or radical that is less electronegative (or more electropositive) than the halogen, to make a fluoride, chloride, bromide, iodide, astatide, or theoretically tennesside compound.
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Haloalkane
The haloalkanes (also known as halogenoalkanes or alkyl halides) are a group of chemical compounds derived from alkanes containing one or more halogens.
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Hydroamination
Hydroamination is the addition of an N-H bond of an amine across a carbon-carbon multiple bond of an alkene, alkyne, diene, or allene.
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Hydrocarbon
In organic chemistry, a hydrocarbon is an organic compound consisting entirely of hydrogen and carbon.
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Hydrodealkylation
Hydrodealkylation is a chemical reaction that often involves reacting an aromatic hydrocarbon, such as toluene, in the presence of hydrogen gas to form a simpler aromatic hydrocarbon devoid of functional groups.
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Hydrofluoric acid
Hydrofluoric acid is a solution of hydrogen fluoride (HF) in water.
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Ion
An ion is an atom or molecule that has a non-zero net electrical charge (its total number of electrons is not equal to its total number of protons).
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Isobutane
Isobutane, also known as i-butane or methylpropane, is a chemical compound with molecular formula HC(CH3)3.
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Lewis acids and bases
A Lewis acid is a chemical species that contains an empty orbital which is capable of accepting an electron pair from a Lewis base to form a Lewis adduct.
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Menshutkin reaction
In organic chemistry, the Menshutkin reaction converts a tertiary amine into a quaternary ammonium salt by reaction with an alkyl halide.
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Methane
Methane is a chemical compound with the chemical formula (one atom of carbon and four atoms of hydrogen).
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Methanogenesis
Methanogenesis or biomethanation is the formation of methane by microbes known as methanogens.
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Methyl iodide
Methyl iodide, also called iodomethane, and commonly abbreviated "MeI", is the chemical compound with the formula CH3I.
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Molecule
A molecule is an electrically neutral group of two or more atoms held together by chemical bonds.
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Nucleophile
Nucleophile is a chemical species that donates an electron pair to an electrophile to form a chemical bond in relation to a reaction.
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Octane
Octane is a hydrocarbon and an alkane with the chemical formula C8H18, and the condensed structural formula CH3(CH2)6CH3.
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Oil refinery
Oil refinery or petroleum refinery is an industrial process plant where crude oil is transformed and refined into more useful products such as petroleum naphtha, gasoline, diesel fuel, asphalt base, heating oil, kerosene, liquefied petroleum gas, jet fuel and fuel oils.
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Organocopper compound
Organocopper compounds in organometallic chemistry contain carbon to copper chemical bonds.
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Organolithium reagent
Organolithium reagents are organometallic compounds that contain carbon – lithium bonds.
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Organometallic chemistry
Organometallic chemistry is the study of organometallic compounds, chemical compounds containing at least one chemical bond between a carbon atom of an organic molecule and a metal, including alkaline, alkaline earth, and transition metals, and sometimes broadened to include metalloids like boron, silicon, and tin, as well.
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Organosodium chemistry
Organosodium chemistry is the chemistry of organometallic compounds containing a carbon to sodium chemical bond.
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Oxidative addition
Oxidative addition and reductive elimination are two important and related classes of reactions in organometallic chemistry.
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Petroleum
Petroleum is a naturally occurring, yellow-to-black liquid found in geological formations beneath the Earth's surface.
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Phenol
Phenol, also known as phenolic acid, is an aromatic organic compound with the molecular formula C6H5OH.
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Propene
Propene, also known as propylene or methyl ethylene, is an unsaturated organic compound having the chemical formula C3H6.
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Quaternary ammonium cation
Quaternary ammonium cations, also known as quats, are positively charged polyatomic ions of the structure, R being an alkyl group or an aryl group.
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Radical (chemistry)
In chemistry, a radical (more precisely, a free radical) is an atom, molecule, or ion that has an unpaired valence electron.
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S-Adenosyl methionine
S-Adenosyl methionineSAM-e, SAMe, SAM, S-Adenosyl-L-methionine, AdoMet, ademetionine is a common cosubstrate involved in methyl group transfers, transsulfuration, and aminopropylation.
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Silicotungstic acid
Silicotungstic acid (also known as tungstosilicic acid) is the most commonly encountered heteropoly acid.
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Solid acid
Solid acids are acids that do not dissolve in the reaction medium.
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Spectator ion
A spectator ion is an ion that exists as a reactant and a product in a chemical equation.
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Styrene
Styrene, also known as ethenylbenzene, vinylbenzene, and phenylethene, is an organic compound with the chemical formula C6H5CH.
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Sulfonium
A sulfonium ion, also known as sulphonium ion or sulfanium ion, is a positively charged ion (a "cation") featuring three organic substituents attached to sulfur.
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Sulfur mustard
Sulfur mustard, commonly known as mustard gas, is the prototypical substance of the sulfur-based family of cytotoxic and vesicant chemical warfare agents known as the sulfur mustards which have the ability to form large blisters on exposed skin and in the lungs.
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Sulfuric acid
Sulfuric acid (alternative spelling sulphuric acid) is a mineral acid with molecular formula H2SO4.
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Suzuki reaction
The Suzuki reaction is an organic reaction, classified as a coupling reaction, where the coupling partners are a boronic acid and an organohalide catalyzed by a palladium(0) complex.
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Tetrahydromethanopterin
Tetrahydromethanopterin (THMPT) is a coenzyme in methanogenesis.
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Thioether
A thioether is a functional group in organosulfur chemistry with the connectivity C–S–C as shown on right.
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Thiol
Thiol is an organosulfur compound that contains a carbon-bonded sulfhydryl (R–SH) group (where R represents an alkyl or other organic substituent).
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Transalkylation
Transalkylation is a chemical reaction involving the transfer of an alkyl group from one organic compound to another.
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Triethyloxonium tetrafluoroborate
Triethyloxonium tetrafluoroborate is the organic oxonium compound with the formula BF4.
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Trimethyloxonium tetrafluoroborate
Trimethyloxonium tetrafluoroborate is the organic compound with the formula Me3OBF4.
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Vitamin B12
Vitamin B12, also called cobalamin, is a water-soluble vitamin that is involved in the metabolism of every cell of the human body: it is a cofactor in DNA synthesis, and in both fatty acid and amino acid metabolism.
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Williamson ether synthesis
The Williamson ether synthesis is an organic reaction, forming an ether from an organohalide and a deprotonated alcohol (alkoxide).
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2,2,4-Trimethylpentane
2,2,4-Trimethylpentane, also known as isooctane or iso-octane, is an organic compound with the formula (CH3)3CCH2CH(CH3)2.
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2-Methylhexane
2-Methylhexane (C7H16, also known as isoheptane, ethylisobutylmethane) is an isomer of heptane.
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References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkylation
