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194 relations: Abscess, Adenylyl cyclase, Adrien Loir, Aerosol, Alberto Ascoli, Ames strain, Annals of Saudi Medicine, Annie Jacobsen, Anthrax hoaxes, Anthrax lethal factor endopeptidase, Anthrax toxin, Anthrax vaccine adsorbed, Anthrax vaccines, Antibiotic, Antibody, Antigen, Antimicrobial, Antitoxin, Apoptosis, Associated Press, Attenuated vaccine, Australia, Bacilli, Bacillus anthracis, Bacteremia, Bacterial capsule, Bacteriology, Bartholomeus Anglicus, Bicarbonate, Biological agent, Biological warfare, Biological Weapons Convention, Biologics license application, Boil, Boris Yeltsin, Bradford, British Army, Bruce Edwards Ivins, Bruise, Calmodulin, Carnivore, Catalysis, Cattle, Cell theory, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cerebrospinal fluid, Chlorine dioxide, Ciprofloxacin, Climate change in the Arctic, Cluster munition, ..., County of Cumberland, New South Wales, Cover-up, Cutaneous condition, Cyclic adenosine monophosphate, Cytokine, David Willman, Doxycycline, Drug injection, Drum circle, Edema, Egyptian language, Endospore, Enzyme, Erythema, Erythromycin, Eschar, Ethylene oxide, Fever, Fort Detrick, France, Free-ranging dog, Friederich Wilhelm Eurich, Gastrointestinal tract, Germans, Glasgow, Goat, Gram stain, Gram-positive bacteria, Greek language, Gruinard Island, Hart Senate Office Building, Hematemesis, Hide (skin), Home Office, Human Genome Sciences, Hypovolemia, Immunofluorescence, In situ, Infectious disease (medical specialty), Interleukin 1 beta, Ironing, Irradiation, Jean Joseph Henri Toussaint, John McGarvie Smith, Kantubek, Ken Alibek, KGB, Lesion, Levofloxacin, Ligand, Little, Brown and Company, Livestock, Los Angeles Times, Louis Pasteur, Lymph node, Lymphatic system, Macrophage, Manchuria, Maryland, Mediastinitis, Mediastinum, Medusa, Microbiological culture, Microbiology, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Monkey, Monoclonal antibody, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, NATO, NBC News, Necrosis, Neutrophil, New South Wales, Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, Northern Europe, Obiltoxaximab, Operation Vegetarian, Organ (anatomy), Oxfordshire, Oxidizing agent, Pain, Patrick Leahy, PDF, Penicillin, Pericardium, Peritoneal cavity, Permafrost, Peroxide, Pierre Paul Émile Roux, Plasmid, Pleural cavity, Polyglutamic acid, Polymerase chain reaction, Porton Down, Preventive healthcare, Protease, Protein, Pyrophosphate, Quinolone antibiotic, Raxibacumab, Reactogenicity, Red blood cell, Rhodesia, Richard Nixon, Robert Koch, Royal Air Force, Rubber glove, Scanning electron microscope, Septic shock, Sheep, Shortness of breath, Sodium carbonate, Southern Europe, Soviet Union, Spleen, Stirling, Sverdlovsk anthrax leak, Tanning (leather), Tert-Butyl hydroperoxide, Tom Daschle, Trieste, Tumor necrosis factor alpha, Ulcer, Ulcer (dermatology), Unit 731, United States Armed Forces, United States Army Biological Warfare Laboratories, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, United States Government Publishing Office, United States Postal Service, University of California, Los Angeles, University of Louisville, Vaccine, Vancomycin, Vollum strain, Vozrozhdeniya Island, White blood cell, Wired (magazine), Wolsztyn, Wool classing, World War II, Worsted, Yekaterinburg, 2001 anthrax attacks. Expand index (144 more) »
Abscess
An abscess is a collection of pus that has built up within the tissue of the body.
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Adenylyl cyclase
Adenylyl cyclase (also commonly known as adenyl cyclase and adenylate cyclase, abbreviated AC) is an enzyme with key regulatory roles in essentially all cells.
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Adrien Loir
Adrien Loir (December 15, 1862 – 1941) was a French bacteriologist born in Lyon.
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Aerosol
An aerosol is a suspension of fine solid particles or liquid droplets, in air or another gas.
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Alberto Ascoli
Alberto Ascoli (August 15, 1877, in Trieste - 1957) was an Italian serologist, hygienist and physiological chemist, who developed a test for anthrax.
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Ames strain
The Ames strain is one of 89 known strains of the anthrax bacterium (Bacillus anthracis).
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Annals of Saudi Medicine
The Annals of Saudi Medicine is a bimonthly peer-reviewed medical journal published by the King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre (Riyadh, Saudi Arabia).
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Annie Jacobsen
Annie Jacobsen is an American investigative journalist, author and 2016 Pulitzer Prize finalist in history.
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Anthrax hoaxes
Anthrax hoaxes involving the use of white powder or labels to falsely suggest the use of anthrax are frequently reported in the United States and globally.
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Anthrax lethal factor endopeptidase
Anthrax lethal factor endopeptidase (lethal toxin) is an enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of mitogen-activated protein kinase kinases.
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Anthrax toxin
Anthrax toxin is a three-protein exotoxin secreted by virulent strains of the bacterium, Bacillus anthracis—the causative agent of anthrax.
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Anthrax vaccine adsorbed
Anthrax vaccine adsorbed (AVA) is the only FDA-licensed human anthrax vaccine in the United States.
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Anthrax vaccines
Vaccines against the livestock and human disease anthrax—caused by the bacterium Bacillus anthracis—have had a prominent place in the history of medicine, from Pasteur’s pioneering 19th-century work with cattle (the first effective bacterial vaccine and the second effective vaccine ever) to the controversial late 20th century use of a modern product to protect American troops against the use of anthrax in biological warfare.
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Antibiotic
An antibiotic (from ancient Greek αντιβιοτικά, antibiotiká), also called an antibacterial, is a type of antimicrobial drug used in the treatment and prevention of bacterial infections.
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Antibody
An antibody (Ab), also known as an immunoglobulin (Ig), is a large, Y-shaped protein produced mainly by plasma cells that is used by the immune system to neutralize pathogens such as pathogenic bacteria and viruses.
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Antigen
In immunology, an antigen is a molecule capable of inducing an immune response (to produce an antibody) in the host organism.
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Antimicrobial
An antimicrobial is an agent that kills microorganisms or stops their growth.
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Antitoxin
An antitoxin is an antibody with the ability to neutralize a specific toxin.
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Apoptosis
Apoptosis (from Ancient Greek ἀπόπτωσις "falling off") is a process of programmed cell death that occurs in multicellular organisms.
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Associated Press
The Associated Press (AP) is a U.S.-based not-for-profit news agency headquartered in New York City.
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Attenuated vaccine
An attenuated vaccine is a vaccine created by reducing the virulence of a pathogen, but still keeping it viable (or "live").
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Australia
Australia, officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a sovereign country comprising the mainland of the Australian continent, the island of Tasmania and numerous smaller islands.
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Bacilli
Bacilli refers to a taxonomic class of bacteria.
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Bacillus anthracis
Bacillus anthracis is the etiologic agent of anthrax—a common disease of livestock and, occasionally, of humans—and the only obligate pathogen within the genus Bacillus.
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Bacteremia
Bacteremia (also bacteraemia) is the presence of bacteria in the blood.
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Bacterial capsule
Some bacterial cells are surrounded by a viscous substance forming a covering layer or envelope around the cell wall.
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Bacteriology
Bacteriology is the branch and specialty of biology that studies the morphology, ecology, genetics and biochemistry of bacteria as well as many other aspects related to them.
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Bartholomeus Anglicus
Bartholomeus Anglicus (before 1203 – 1272), also known as Bartholomew the Englishman and Berthelet, was an early 13th-century scholastic of Paris, a member of the Franciscan order.
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Bicarbonate
In inorganic chemistry, bicarbonate (IUPAC-recommended nomenclature: hydrogencarbonate) is an intermediate form in the deprotonation of carbonic acid.
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Biological agent
A biological agent—also called bio-agent, biological threat agent, biological warfare agent, biological weapon, or bioweapon—is a bacterium, virus, protozoan, parasite, or fungus that can be used purposefully as a weapon in bioterrorism or biological warfare (BW).
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Biological warfare
Biological warfare (BW)—also known as germ warfare—is the use of biological toxins or infectious agents such as bacteria, viruses, and fungi with the intent to kill or incapacitate humans, animals or plants as an act of war.
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Biological Weapons Convention
The Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production and Stockpiling of Bacteriological (Biological) and Toxin Weapons and on their Destruction (usually referred to as the Biological Weapons Convention, abbreviation: BWC, or Biological and Toxin Weapons Convention, abbreviation: BTWC) was the first multilateral disarmament treaty banning the production of an entire category of weapons.
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Biologics license application
A biologics license application (BLA) is defined by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) as follows: The biologics license application is a request for permission to introduce, or deliver for introduction, a biologic product into interstate commerce (21 CFR 601.2).
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Boil
A boil, also called a furuncle, is a deep folliculitis, infection of the hair follicle.
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Boris Yeltsin
Boris Nikolayevich Yeltsin (p; 1 February 1931 – 23 April 2007) was a Soviet and Russian politician and the first President of the Russian Federation, serving from 1991 to 1999.
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Bradford
Bradford is in the Metropolitan Borough of the City of Bradford in West Yorkshire, England, in the foothills of the Pennines west of Leeds, and northwest of Wakefield.
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British Army
The British Army is the principal land warfare force of the United Kingdom, a part of British Armed Forces.
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Bruce Edwards Ivins
Bruce Edwards Ivins (April 22, 1946 – July 29, 2008) was an American microbiologist, vaccinologist, senior biodefense researcher at the United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID), Fort Detrick, Maryland, and the key suspect in the 2001 anthrax attacks.
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Bruise
A contusion, commonly known as a bruise, is a type of hematoma of tissue in which capillaries and sometimes venules are damaged by trauma, allowing blood to seep, hemorrhage, or extravasate into the surrounding interstitial tissues.
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Calmodulin
Calmodulin (CaM) (an abbreviation for calcium-modulated protein) is a multifunctional intermediate calcium-binding messenger protein expressed in all eukaryotic cells.
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Carnivore
A carnivore, meaning "meat eater" (Latin, caro, genitive carnis, meaning "meat" or "flesh" and vorare meaning "to devour"), is an organism that derives its energy and nutrient requirements from a diet consisting mainly or exclusively of animal tissue, whether through predation or scavenging.
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Catalysis
Catalysis is the increase in the rate of a chemical reaction due to the participation of an additional substance called a catalysthttp://goldbook.iupac.org/C00876.html, which is not consumed in the catalyzed reaction and can continue to act repeatedly.
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Cattle
Cattle—colloquially cows—are the most common type of large domesticated ungulates.
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Cell theory
In biology, cell theory is the historic scientific theory, now universally accepted, that living organisms are made up of cells, that they are the basic structural/organizational unit of all organisms, and that all cells come from pre-existing cells.
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Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) is the leading national public health institute of the United States.
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Cerebrospinal fluid
Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is a clear, colorless body fluid found in the brain and spinal cord.
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Chlorine dioxide
Chlorine dioxide is a chemical compound with the formula ClO2.
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Ciprofloxacin
Ciprofloxacin is an antibiotic used to treat a number of bacterial infections.
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Climate change in the Arctic
, observed in recent years.
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Cluster munition
A cluster munition is a form of air-dropped or ground-launched explosive weapon that releases or ejects smaller submunitions.
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County of Cumberland, New South Wales
Cumberland County is a county in the State of New South Wales, Australia.
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Cover-up
A cover-up is an attempt, whether successful or not, to conceal evidence of wrongdoing, error, incompetence or other embarrassing information.
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Cutaneous condition
A cutaneous condition is any medical condition that affects the integumentary system—the organ system that encloses the body and includes skin, hair, nails, and related muscle and glands.
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Cyclic adenosine monophosphate
Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP, cyclic AMP, or 3',5'-cyclic adenosine monophosphate) is a second messenger important in many biological processes.
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Cytokine
Cytokines are a broad and loose category of small proteins (~5–20 kDa) that are important in cell signaling.
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David Willman
David Willman (born October 18, 1956 in Pasadena, California) is a Pulitzer Prize winning investigative journalist.
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Doxycycline
Doxycycline is an antibiotic that is used in the treatment of a number of types of infections caused by bacteria and protozoa.
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Drug injection
Drug injection is a method of introducing a drug into the bloodstream via a hollow hypodermic needle and a syringe, which is pierced through the skin into the body (usually intravenous, but also intramuscular or subcutaneous).
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Drum circle
A drum circle is any group of people playing (usually) hand-drums and percussion in a circle.
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Edema
Edema, also spelled oedema or œdema, is an abnormal accumulation of fluid in the interstitium, located beneath the skin and in the cavities of the body, which can cause severe pain.
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Egyptian language
The Egyptian language was spoken in ancient Egypt and was a branch of the Afro-Asiatic languages.
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Endospore
An endospore is a dormant, tough, and non-reproductive structure produced by certain bacteria from the Firmicute phylum.
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Enzyme
Enzymes are macromolecular biological catalysts.
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Erythema
Erythema (from the Greek erythros, meaning red) is redness of the skin or mucous membranes, caused by hyperemia (increased blood flow) in superficial capillaries.
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Erythromycin
Erythromycin is an antibiotic useful for the treatment of a number of bacterial infections.
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Eschar
An eschar (Greek: eschara) is a slough or piece of dead tissue that is cast off from the surface of the skin, particularly after a burn injury, but also seen in gangrene, ulcer, fungal infections, necrotizing spider bite wounds, spotted fevers and exposure to cutaneous anthrax.
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Ethylene oxide
Ethylene oxide, called oxirane by IUPAC, is an organic compound with the formula. It is a cyclic ether and the simplest epoxide: a three-membered ring consisting of one oxygen atom and two carbon atoms. Ethylene oxide is a colorless and flammable gas with a faintly sweet odor. Because it is a strained ring, ethylene oxide easily participates in a number of addition reactions that result in ring-opening. Ethylene oxide is isomeric with acetaldehyde and with vinyl alcohol. Ethylene oxide is industrially produced by oxidation of ethylene in the presence of silver catalyst. The reactivity that is responsible for many of ethylene oxide's hazards also make it useful. Although too dangerous for direct household use and generally unfamiliar to consumers, ethylene oxide is used for making many consumer products as well as non-consumer chemicals and intermediates. These products include detergents, thickeners, solvents, plastics, and various organic chemicals such as ethylene glycol, ethanolamines, simple and complex glycols, polyglycol ethers, and other compounds. Although it is a vital raw material with diverse applications, including the manufacture of products like polysorbate 20 and polyethylene glycol (PEG) that are often more effective and less toxic than alternative materials, ethylene oxide itself is a very hazardous substance. At room temperature it is a flammable, carcinogenic, mutagenic, irritating, and anaesthetic gas. As a toxic gas that leaves no residue on items it contacts, ethylene oxide is a surface disinfectant that is widely used in hospitals and the medical equipment industry to replace steam in the sterilization of heat-sensitive tools and equipment, such as disposable plastic syringes. It is so flammable and extremely explosive that it is used as a main component of thermobaric weapons; therefore, it is commonly handled and shipped as a refrigerated liquid to control its hazardous nature.Rebsdat, Siegfried and Mayer, Dieter (2005) "Ethylene Oxide" in Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. Wiley-VCH, Weinheim..
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Fever
Fever, also known as pyrexia and febrile response, is defined as having a temperature above the normal range due to an increase in the body's temperature set-point.
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Fort Detrick
Fort Detrick is a United States Army Medical Command installation located in Frederick, Maryland.
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France
France, officially the French Republic (République française), is a sovereign state whose territory consists of metropolitan France in Western Europe, as well as several overseas regions and territories.
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Free-ranging dog
A free-ranging dog is a dog that is not confined to a yard or house.
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Friederich Wilhelm Eurich
Dr.
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Gastrointestinal tract
The gastrointestinal tract (digestive tract, digestional tract, GI tract, GIT, gut, or alimentary canal) is an organ system within humans and other animals which takes in food, digests it to extract and absorb energy and nutrients, and expels the remaining waste as feces.
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Germans
Germans (Deutsche) are a Germanic ethnic group native to Central Europe, who share a common German ancestry, culture and history.
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Glasgow
Glasgow (Glesga; Glaschu) is the largest city in Scotland, and third most populous in the United Kingdom.
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Goat
The domestic goat (Capra aegagrus hircus) is a subspecies of goat domesticated from the wild goat of southwest Asia and Eastern Europe.
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Gram stain
Gram stain or Gram staining, also called Gram's method, is a method of staining used to distinguish and classify bacterial species into two large groups (gram-positive and gram-negative).
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Gram-positive bacteria
Gram-positive bacteria are bacteria that give a positive result in the Gram stain test, which is traditionally used to quickly classify bacteria into two broad categories according to their cell wall.
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Greek language
Greek (Modern Greek: ελληνικά, elliniká, "Greek", ελληνική γλώσσα, ellinikí glóssa, "Greek language") is an independent branch of the Indo-European family of languages, native to Greece and other parts of the Eastern Mediterranean and the Black Sea.
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Gruinard Island
Gruinard Island ('Eilean Ghruinneard') is a small, oval-shaped Scottish island approximately long by wide, located in Gruinard Bay, about halfway between Gairloch and Ullapool.
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Hart Senate Office Building
The Philip A. Hart Senate Office Building is the third U.S. Senate office building, and is located on 2nd Street NE between Constitution Avenue NE and C Street NE in Washington, D.C., in the United States.
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Hematemesis
Hematemesis or haematemesis is the vomiting of blood.
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Hide (skin)
A hide or skin is an animal skin treated for human use.
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Home Office
The Home Office (HO) is a ministerial department of Her Majesty's Government of the United Kingdom, responsible for immigration, security and law and order.
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Human Genome Sciences
Human Genome Sciences is a biopharmaceutical corporation founded in 1992 by Craig Venter, Alan Walton and Wally Sternberg.
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Hypovolemia
Hypovolemia is a state of decreased blood volume; more specifically, decrease in volume of blood plasma.
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Immunofluorescence
Immunofluorescence is a technique used for light microscopy with a fluorescence microscope and is used primarily on microbiological samples.
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In situ
In situ (often not italicized in English) is a Latin phrase that translates literally to "on site" or "in position".
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Infectious disease (medical specialty)
Infectious disease, also known as infectious diseases, infectious medicine, infectious disease medicine or infectiology, is a medical specialty dealing with the diagnosis, control and treatment of infections.
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Interleukin 1 beta
Interleukin 1 beta (IL1β) also known as leukocytic pyrogen, leukocytic endogenous mediator, mononuclear cell factor, lymphocyte activating factor and other names, is a cytokine protein that in humans is encoded by the IL1B gene.
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Ironing
Ironing is the use of a heated tool (an iron) to remove wrinkles from fabric.
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Irradiation
Irradiation is the process by which an object is exposed to radiation.
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Jean Joseph Henri Toussaint
Jean Joseph Henri Toussaint (30 April 1847 – 3 August 1890) was a French veterinarian born in Rouvres-la-Chétive, department of Vosges.
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John McGarvie Smith
John McGarvie Smith (8 February 1844 – 6 September 1918) was an Australian metallurgist, bacteriologist and benefactor.
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Kantubek
Kantubek (Кантубек, Qantubek) was a town on Vozrozhdeniya Island (Uzbekistan) in the Aral Sea.
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Ken Alibek
Colonel Kanatzhan "Kanat" Alibekov (Қанатжан Әлібеков, Qanatzhan Älibekov; Канатжан Алибеков, Kanatzhan Alibekov; born 1950) – known as Kenneth "Ken" Alibek since 1992 – is a former Soviet physician, microbiologist, and biological warfare (BW) expert.
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KGB
The KGB, an initialism for Komitet gosudarstvennoy bezopasnosti (p), translated in English as Committee for State Security, was the main security agency for the Soviet Union from 1954 until its break-up in 1991.
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Lesion
A lesion is any abnormal damage or change in the tissue of an organism, usually caused by disease or trauma.
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Levofloxacin
Levofloxacin, sold under the trade names Levaquin among others, is an antibiotic.
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Ligand
In coordination chemistry, a ligand is an ion or molecule (functional group) that binds to a central metal atom to form a coordination complex.
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Little, Brown and Company
Little, Brown and Company is an American publisher founded in 1837 by Charles Coffin Little and his partner, James Brown, and for close to two centuries has published fiction and nonfiction by American authors.
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Livestock
Livestock are domesticated animals raised in an agricultural setting to produce labor and commodities such as meat, eggs, milk, fur, leather, and wool.
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Los Angeles Times
The Los Angeles Times is a daily newspaper which has been published in Los Angeles, California since 1881.
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Louis Pasteur
Louis Pasteur (December 27, 1822 – September 28, 1895) was a French biologist, microbiologist and chemist renowned for his discoveries of the principles of vaccination, microbial fermentation and pasteurization.
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Lymph node
A lymph node or lymph gland is an ovoid or kidney-shaped organ of the lymphatic system, and of the adaptive immune system, that is widely present throughout the body.
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Lymphatic system
The lymphatic system is part of the vascular system and an important part of the immune system, comprising a network of lymphatic vessels that carry a clear fluid called lymph (from Latin, lympha meaning "water") directionally towards the heart.
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Macrophage
Macrophages (big eaters, from Greek μακρός (makrós).
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Manchuria
Manchuria is a name first used in the 17th century by Chinese people to refer to a large geographic region in Northeast Asia.
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Maryland
Maryland is a state in the Mid-Atlantic region of the United States, bordering Virginia, West Virginia, and Washington, D.C. to its south and west; Pennsylvania to its north; and Delaware to its east.
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Mediastinitis
Mediastinitis is inflammation of the tissues in the mid-chest, or mediastinum.
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Mediastinum
The mediastinum (from Medieval Latin mediastinus, "midway") is the central compartment of the thoracic cavity surrounded by loose connective tissue, as an undelineated region that contains a group of structures within the thorax.
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Medusa
In Greek mythology, Medusa (Μέδουσα "guardian, protectress") was a monster, a Gorgon, generally described as a winged human female with living venomous snakes in place of hair.
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Microbiological culture
A microbiological culture, or microbial culture, is a method of multiplying microbial organisms by letting them reproduce in predetermined culture medium under controlled laboratory conditions.
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Microbiology
Microbiology (from Greek μῑκρος, mīkros, "small"; βίος, bios, "life"; and -λογία, -logia) is the study of microorganisms, those being unicellular (single cell), multicellular (cell colony), or acellular (lacking cells).
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Mine Safety and Health Administration
The Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA) is an agency of the United States Department of Labor which administers the provisions of the Federal Mine Safety and Health Act of 1977 (Mine Act) to enforce compliance with mandatory safety and health standards as a means to eliminate fatal accidents, to reduce the frequency and severity of nonfatal accidents, to minimize health hazards, and to promote improved safety and health conditions in the nation's mines.
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Monkey
Monkeys are non-hominoid simians, generally possessing tails and consisting of about 260 known living species.
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Monoclonal antibody
Monoclonal antibodies (mAb or moAb) are antibodies that are made by identical immune cells that are all clones of a unique parent cell.
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National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) is the United States federal agency responsible for conducting research and making recommendations for the prevention of work-related injury and illness.
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NATO
The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO; Organisation du Traité de l'Atlantique Nord; OTAN), also called the North Atlantic Alliance, is an intergovernmental military alliance between 29 North American and European countries.
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NBC News
NBC News is the news division of the American broadcast television network NBC, formerly known as the National Broadcasting Company when it was founded on radio.
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Necrosis
Necrosis (from the Greek νέκρωσις "death, the stage of dying, the act of killing" from νεκρός "dead") is a form of cell injury which results in the premature death of cells in living tissue by autolysis.
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Neutrophil
Neutrophils (also known as neutrocytes) are the most abundant type of granulocytes and the most abundant (40% to 70%) type of white blood cells in most mammals.
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New South Wales
New South Wales (abbreviated as NSW) is a state on the east coast of:Australia.
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Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (Nobelpriset i fysiologi eller medicin), administered by the Nobel Foundation, is awarded once a year for outstanding discoveries in the fields of life sciences and medicine.
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Northern Europe
Northern Europe is the general term for the geographical region in Europe that is approximately north of the southern coast of the Baltic Sea.
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Obiltoxaximab
Obiltoxaximab (ETI-204, trade name Anthim) is a monoclonal antibody designed for the treatment of exposure to Bacillus anthracis spores (etiologic agent of anthrax).
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Operation Vegetarian
Operation Vegetarian was a British military plan in 1942 to disseminate linseed cakes infected with anthrax spores onto the fields of Germany.
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Organ (anatomy)
Organs are collections of tissues with similar functions.
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Oxfordshire
Oxfordshire (abbreviated Oxon, from Oxonium, the Latin name for Oxford) is a county in South East England.
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Oxidizing agent
In chemistry, an oxidizing agent (oxidant, oxidizer) is a substance that has the ability to oxidize other substances — in other words to cause them to lose electrons.
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Pain
Pain is a distressing feeling often caused by intense or damaging stimuli.
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Patrick Leahy
Patrick Joseph Leahy (born March 31, 1940) is an American politician serving as the senior United States Senator from Vermont, a seat he was first elected to in 1974.
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The Portable Document Format (PDF) is a file format developed in the 1990s to present documents, including text formatting and images, in a manner independent of application software, hardware, and operating systems.
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Penicillin
Penicillin (PCN or pen) is a group of antibiotics which include penicillin G (intravenous use), penicillin V (use by mouth), procaine penicillin, and benzathine penicillin (intramuscular use).
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Pericardium
The pericardium is a double-walled sac containing the heart and the roots of the great vessels.
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Peritoneal cavity
The peritoneal cavity is a potential space between the parietal peritoneum (the peritoneum that surrounds the abdominal wall) and visceral peritoneum (the peritoneum that surrounds the internal organs).
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Permafrost
In geology, permafrost is ground, including rock or (cryotic) soil, at or below the freezing point of water for two or more years.
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Peroxide
Peroxide is a compound with the structure R-O-O-R. The O−O group in a peroxide is called the peroxide group or peroxo group.
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Pierre Paul Émile Roux
Pierre Paul Émile Roux FRS (17 December 1853, Confolens, Charente – 3 November 1933, Paris) was a French physician, bacteriologist and immunologist.
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Plasmid
A plasmid is a small DNA molecule within a cell that is physically separated from a chromosomal DNA and can replicate independently.
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Pleural cavity
The pleural cavity is the thin fluid-filled space between the two pulmonary pleurae (known as visceral and parietal) of each lung.
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Polyglutamic acid
Polyglutamic acid (PGA) is a polymer of the amino acid glutamic acid (GA).
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Polymerase chain reaction
Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a technique used in molecular biology to amplify a single copy or a few copies of a segment of DNA across several orders of magnitude, generating thousands to millions of copies of a particular DNA sequence.
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Porton Down
Porton Down is a United Kingdom science park, situated just northeast of the village of Porton near Salisbury, in Wiltshire, England.
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Preventive healthcare
Preventive healthcare (alternately preventive medicine, preventative healthcare/medicine, or prophylaxis) consists of measures taken for disease prevention, as opposed to disease treatment.
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Protease
A protease (also called a peptidase or proteinase) is an enzyme that performs proteolysis: protein catabolism by hydrolysis of peptide bonds.
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Protein
Proteins are large biomolecules, or macromolecules, consisting of one or more long chains of amino acid residues.
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Pyrophosphate
In chemistry, a pyrophosphate is a phosphorus oxyanion.
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Quinolone antibiotic
A quinolone antibiotic is any member of a large group of broad-spectrum bactericides that share a bicyclic core structure related to the compound 4-quinolone.
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Raxibacumab
Raxibacumab is a human monoclonal antibody intended for the prophylaxis and treatment of inhaled anthrax.
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Reactogenicity
In clinical trials, the term reactogenicity refers to the property of a vaccine of being able to produce common, “expected” adverse reactions, especially excessive immunological responses and associated signs and symptoms—fever, sore arm at injection site, etc.
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Red blood cell
Red blood cells-- also known as RBCs, red cells, red blood corpuscles, haematids, erythroid cells or erythrocytes (from Greek erythros for "red" and kytos for "hollow vessel", with -cyte translated as "cell" in modern usage), are the most common type of blood cell and the vertebrate's principal means of delivering oxygen (O2) to the body tissues—via blood flow through the circulatory system.
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Rhodesia
Rhodesia was an unrecognised state in southern Africa from 1965 to 1979, equivalent in territory to modern Zimbabwe.
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Richard Nixon
Richard Milhous Nixon (January 9, 1913 – April 22, 1994) was an American politician who served as the 37th President of the United States, serving from 1969 until 1974, when he resigned from office, the only U.S. president to do so.
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Robert Koch
Robert Heinrich Hermann Koch (11 December 1843 – 27 May 1910) was a German physician and microbiologist.
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Royal Air Force
The Royal Air Force (RAF) is the United Kingdom's aerial warfare force.
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Rubber glove
A rubber glove is a glove made out of rubber.
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Scanning electron microscope
A scanning electron microscope (SEM) is a type of electron microscope that produces images of a sample by scanning the surface with a focused beam of electrons.
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Septic shock
Septic shock is a serious medical condition that occurs when sepsis, which is organ injury or damage in response to infection, leads to dangerously low blood pressure and abnormalities in cellular metabolism.
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Sheep
Domestic sheep (Ovis aries) are quadrupedal, ruminant mammal typically kept as livestock.
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Shortness of breath
Shortness of breath, also known as dyspnea, is the feeling that one cannot breathe well enough.
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Sodium carbonate
Sodium carbonate, Na2CO3, (also known as washing soda, soda ash and soda crystals, and in the monohydrate form as crystal carbonate) is the water-soluble sodium salt of carbonic acid.
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Southern Europe
Southern Europe is the southern region of the European continent.
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Soviet Union
The Soviet Union, officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) was a socialist state in Eurasia that existed from 1922 to 1991.
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Spleen
The spleen is an organ found in virtually all vertebrates.
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Stirling
Stirling (Stirlin; Sruighlea) is a city in central Scotland.
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Sverdlovsk anthrax leak
The Sverdlovsk anthrax leak was an incident in which spores of anthrax were accidentally released from the Sverdlovsk-19a military research facility on the southern edge of the city of Sverdlovsk (formerly, and now again, Yekaterinburg) on April 2, 1979.
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Tanning (leather)
Tanned leather in Marrakesh Tanning is the process of treating skins and hides of animals to produce leather.
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Tert-Butyl hydroperoxide
tert-Butyl hydroperoxide (tBuOOH) is an organic peroxide widely used in a variety of oxidation processes, for example Sharpless epoxidation.
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Tom Daschle
Thomas Andrew Daschle (born December 9, 1947) is a retired American politician and lobbyist who served as a United States Senator from South Dakota from 1987 to 2005.
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Trieste
Trieste (Trst) is a city and a seaport in northeastern Italy.
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Tumor necrosis factor alpha
Tumor necrosis factor (TNF, tumor necrosis factor alpha, TNFα, cachexin, or cachectin) is a cell signaling protein (cytokine) involved in systemic inflammation and is one of the cytokines that make up the acute phase reaction.
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Ulcer
An ulcer is a discontinuity or break in a bodily membrane that impedes the organ of which that membrane is a part from continuing its normal functions.
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Ulcer (dermatology)
An ulcer is a sore on the skin or a mucous membrane, accompanied by the disintegration of tissue.
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Unit 731
was a covert biological and chemical warfare research and development unit of the Imperial Japanese Army that undertook lethal human experimentation during the Second Sino-Japanese War (1937–1945) of World War II.
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United States Armed Forces
The United States Armed Forces are the military forces of the United States of America.
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United States Army Biological Warfare Laboratories
The U.S. Army Biological Warfare Laboratories (USBWL) were a suite of research laboratories and pilot plant centers operating at Camp (later Fort) Detrick, Maryland, United States beginning in 1943 under the control of the U.S. Army Chemical Corps Research and Development Command.
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United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases
The United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID; pronounced: you-SAM-rid) is the U.S Army’s main institution and facility for defensive research into countermeasures against biological warfare.
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United States Government Publishing Office
The United States Government Publishing Office (GPO) (formerly the Government Printing Office) is an agency of the legislative branch of the United States federal government.
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United States Postal Service
The United States Postal Service (USPS; also known as the Post Office, U.S. Mail, or Postal Service) is an independent agency of the United States federal government responsible for providing postal service in the United States, including its insular areas and associated states.
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University of California, Los Angeles
The University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) is a public research university in the Westwood district of Los Angeles, United States.
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University of Louisville
The University of Louisville (UofL) is a public university in Louisville, Kentucky, a member of the Kentucky state university system.
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Vaccine
A vaccine is a biological preparation that provides active acquired immunity to a particular disease.
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Vancomycin
Vancomycin is an antibiotic used to treat a number of bacterial infections.
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Vollum strain
The Vollum Strain is one of the 89 known strains of the anthrax bacterium (Bacillus anthracis).
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Vozrozhdeniya Island
Vozrozhdeniya Island (p) was an island in the Aral Sea.
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White blood cell
White blood cells (WBCs), also called leukocytes or leucocytes, are the cells of the immune system that are involved in protecting the body against both infectious disease and foreign invaders.
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Wired (magazine)
Wired is a monthly American magazine, published in print and online editions, that focuses on how emerging technologies affect culture, the economy, and politics.
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Wolsztyn
Wolsztyn (Wollstein) is a town in western Poland, on the western edge of Greater Poland Voivodeship (from 1975 to 1998 it was in Zielona Góra Voivodeship).
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Wool classing
Wool classing is the production of uniform, predictable, low-risk lines of wool, carried out by examining the characteristics of the wool in its raw state and classing (grading) it accordingly.
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World War II
World War II (often abbreviated to WWII or WW2), also known as the Second World War, was a global war that lasted from 1939 to 1945, although conflicts reflecting the ideological clash between what would become the Allied and Axis blocs began earlier.
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Worsted
Worsted is a high-quality type of wool yarn, the fabric made from this yarn, and a yarn weight category.
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Yekaterinburg
Yekaterinburg (p), alternatively romanized Ekaterinburg, is the fourth-largest city in Russia and the administrative centre of Sverdlovsk Oblast, located on the Iset River east of the Ural Mountains, in the middle of the Eurasian continent, at the boundary between Asia and Europe.
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2001 anthrax attacks
The 2001 anthrax attacks, also known as Amerithrax from its Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) case name, occurred within the United States over the course of several weeks beginning on September 18, 2001, one week after the September 11 attacks.
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Redirects here:
Agent N, Anthrax (disease), Anthrax disease, Anthrax spore, Anthrax spores, Anthraxism, Cutaneous anthrax, Cutaneous anthrax infection, Gastroenteric anthrax, Gastrointestinal anthrax, Inhalation anthrax, Inhalational anthrax, Malignant pustule, Pulmonary anthrax, Rag-sorter's disease, Ragpickers' disease, Siberian plague, Sirpence, Skin anthrax, Splenic fever, Woolsorters disease, Woolsorters' disease.
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthrax
