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48 relations: American Revolution, American Revolutionary War, Appeal, Ardennes (department), Capture of Demerara and Essequibo, Committee of Public Safety, Common Sense (pamphlet), Commoner, Count, Demerara, Departments of France, Essequibo (colony), French frigate Iphigénie (1777), French Navy, French nobility, French Revolution, French Revolutionary Army, French Revolutionary Wars, Girondins, Guillotine, Guy-Pierre de Kersaint, House of Bourbon, Insurrection of 10 August 1792, Jean-Paul Marat, Kingdom of Great Britain, List of French monarchs, List of Naval Ministers of France, Louis XVI of France, National Assembly, National Constituent Assembly (France), National Convention, National Legislative Assembly (France), Pamphlet, Paris, Parliamentary system, Post ship, Reims, Revolutionary Tribunal, Sedan, Ardennes, Seine (department), Seine-et-Oise, September Massacres, Social privilege, Soissons, The Mountain, Thomas Paine, Vice admiral, Ville-d'Avray.
American Revolution
The American Revolution was a colonial revolt that took place between 1765 and 1783.
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American Revolutionary War
The American Revolutionary War (17751783), also known as the American War of Independence, was a global war that began as a conflict between Great Britain and its Thirteen Colonies which declared independence as the United States of America. After 1765, growing philosophical and political differences strained the relationship between Great Britain and its colonies. Patriot protests against taxation without representation followed the Stamp Act and escalated into boycotts, which culminated in 1773 with the Sons of Liberty destroying a shipment of tea in Boston Harbor. Britain responded by closing Boston Harbor and passing a series of punitive measures against Massachusetts Bay Colony. Massachusetts colonists responded with the Suffolk Resolves, and they established a shadow government which wrested control of the countryside from the Crown. Twelve colonies formed a Continental Congress to coordinate their resistance, establishing committees and conventions that effectively seized power. British attempts to disarm the Massachusetts militia at Concord, Massachusetts in April 1775 led to open combat. Militia forces then besieged Boston, forcing a British evacuation in March 1776, and Congress appointed George Washington to command the Continental Army. Concurrently, an American attempt to invade Quebec and raise rebellion against the British failed decisively. On July 2, 1776, the Continental Congress voted for independence, issuing its declaration on July 4. Sir William Howe launched a British counter-offensive, capturing New York City and leaving American morale at a low ebb. However, victories at Trenton and Princeton restored American confidence. In 1777, the British launched an invasion from Quebec under John Burgoyne, intending to isolate the New England Colonies. Instead of assisting this effort, Howe took his army on a separate campaign against Philadelphia, and Burgoyne was decisively defeated at Saratoga in October 1777. Burgoyne's defeat had drastic consequences. France formally allied with the Americans and entered the war in 1778, and Spain joined the war the following year as an ally of France but not as an ally of the United States. In 1780, the Kingdom of Mysore attacked the British in India, and tensions between Great Britain and the Netherlands erupted into open war. In North America, the British mounted a "Southern strategy" led by Charles Cornwallis which hinged upon a Loyalist uprising, but too few came forward. Cornwallis suffered reversals at King's Mountain and Cowpens. He retreated to Yorktown, Virginia, intending an evacuation, but a decisive French naval victory deprived him of an escape. A Franco-American army led by the Comte de Rochambeau and Washington then besieged Cornwallis' army and, with no sign of relief, he surrendered in October 1781. Whigs in Britain had long opposed the pro-war Tories in Parliament, and the surrender gave them the upper hand. In early 1782, Parliament voted to end all offensive operations in North America, but the war continued in Europe and India. Britain remained under siege in Gibraltar but scored a major victory over the French navy. On September 3, 1783, the belligerent parties signed the Treaty of Paris in which Great Britain agreed to recognize the sovereignty of the United States and formally end the war. French involvement had proven decisive,Brooks, Richard (editor). Atlas of World Military History. HarperCollins, 2000, p. 101 "Washington's success in keeping the army together deprived the British of victory, but French intervention won the war." but France made few gains and incurred crippling debts. Spain made some minor territorial gains but failed in its primary aim of recovering Gibraltar. The Dutch were defeated on all counts and were compelled to cede territory to Great Britain. In India, the war against Mysore and its allies concluded in 1784 without any territorial changes.
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Appeal
In law, an appeal is the process in which cases are reviewed, where parties request a formal change to an official decision.
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Ardennes (department)
Ardennes is a department in the Grand Est region of northeastern France named after the Ardennes area.
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Capture of Demerara and Essequibo
The capture of Demerara and Essequibo was a French military expedition carried out in January 1782 as part of the Anglo-French War.
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Committee of Public Safety
The Committee of Public Safety (Comité de salut public)—created in April 1793 by the National Convention and then restructured in July 1793—formed the de facto executive government in France during the Reign of Terror (1793–94), a stage of the French Revolution.
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Common Sense (pamphlet)
Common Sense is a pamphlet written by Thomas Paine in 1775–76 advocating independence from Great Britain to people in the Thirteen Colonies.
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Commoner
The common people, also known as the common man, commoners, or the masses, are the ordinary people in a community or nation who lack any significant social status, especially those who are members of neither royalty, nobility, the clergy, nor any member of the aristocracy.
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Count
Count (Male) or Countess (Female) is a title in European countries for a noble of varying status, but historically deemed to convey an approximate rank intermediate between the highest and lowest titles of nobility.
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Demerara
Demerara (Demerary) is a historical region in the Guianas on the north coast of South America which is now part of the country of Guyana.
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Departments of France
In the administrative divisions of France, the department (département) is one of the three levels of government below the national level ("territorial collectivities"), between the administrative regions and the commune.
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Essequibo (colony)
Essequibo (Dutch: Essequebo) was a Dutch colony on the Essequibo River in the Guiana region on the north coast of South America from 1616 to 1814.
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French frigate Iphigénie (1777)
Iphigénie was a 32-gun ''Iphigénie''-class frigate of the French Navy, and the lead ship of her class.
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French Navy
The French Navy (Marine Nationale), informally "La Royale", is the maritime arm of the French Armed Forces.
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French nobility
The French nobility (la noblesse) was a privileged social class in France during the Middle Ages and the Early Modern period to the revolution in 1790.
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French Revolution
The French Revolution (Révolution française) was a period of far-reaching social and political upheaval in France and its colonies that lasted from 1789 until 1799.
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French Revolutionary Army
The French Revolutionary Army (Armée révolutionnaire française) was the French force that fought the French Revolutionary Wars from 1792 to 1802.
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French Revolutionary Wars
The French Revolutionary Wars were a series of sweeping military conflicts lasting from 1792 until 1802 and resulting from the French Revolution.
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Girondins
The Girondins, Girondists or Gironde were members of a loosely knit political faction during the French Revolution.
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Guillotine
A guillotine is an apparatus designed for efficiently carrying out executions by beheading.
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Guy-Pierre de Kersaint
Guy Pierre Kersaint (1747–1822) was a French sailor, the brother of the sailor and politician Armand-Guy-Simon de Coetnempren, comte de Kersaint.
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House of Bourbon
The House of Bourbon is a European royal house of French origin, a branch of the Capetian dynasty.
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Insurrection of 10 August 1792
The Insurrection of 10 August 1792 was a defining event of the French Revolution.
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Jean-Paul Marat
Jean-Paul Marat (24 May 1743 – 13 July 1793) was a French political theorist, physician, and scientist who became best known for his role as a radical journalist and politician during the French Revolution.
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Kingdom of Great Britain
The Kingdom of Great Britain, officially called simply Great Britain,Parliament of the Kingdom of England.
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List of French monarchs
The monarchs of the Kingdom of France and its predecessors (and successor monarchies) ruled from the establishment of the Kingdom of the Franks in 486 until the fall of the Second French Empire in 1870, with several interruptions.
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List of Naval Ministers of France
One of France's Secretaries of State under the ancien régime was entrusted with control of the French Navy (Secretary of State of the Navy (France). In 1791, this title was changed to Minister of the Navy. Before January 1893, this position also had responsibility for France's colonies, and was usually known as Minister of the Navy and Colonies. In 1947 the naval ministry was absorbed into the Ministry of Defence and reports to the Prime Minister of France and the President of the French Republic at the Elysee Palace.
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Louis XVI of France
Louis XVI (23 August 1754 – 21 January 1793), born Louis-Auguste, was the last King of France before the fall of the monarchy during the French Revolution.
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National Assembly
National Assembly politically is either a legislature, or the lower house of a bicameral legislature in some countries.
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National Constituent Assembly (France)
The National Constituent Assembly (Assemblée nationale constituante) was formed from the National Assembly on 9 July 1789 during the first stages of the French Revolution.
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National Convention
The National Convention (Convention nationale) was the first government of the French Revolution, following the two-year National Constituent Assembly and the one-year Legislative Assembly.
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National Legislative Assembly (France)
The Legislative Assembly (Assemblée législative) was the legislature of France from 1 October 1791 to 20 September 1792 during the years of the French Revolution.
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Pamphlet
A pamphlet is an unbound booklet (that is, without a hard cover or binding).
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Paris
Paris is the capital and most populous city of France, with an area of and a population of 2,206,488.
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Parliamentary system
A parliamentary system is a system of democratic governance of a state where the executive branch derives its democratic legitimacy from its ability to command the confidence of the legislative branch, typically a parliament, and is also held accountable to that parliament.
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Post ship
Post ship was a designation used in the Royal Navy during the second half of the 18th century and the Napoleonic Wars to describe a ship of the sixth rate (see rating system of the Royal Navy) that was smaller than a frigate (in practice, carrying fewer than 28 guns), but by virtue of being a rated ship (with at least 20 guns), had to have as its captain a post captain rather than a lieutenant or commander.
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Reims
Reims (also spelled Rheims), a city in the Grand Est region of France, lies east-northeast of Paris.
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Revolutionary Tribunal
The Revolutionary Tribunal (Tribunal révolutionnaire; unofficially Popular Tribunal) was a court instituted by the National Convention during the French Revolution for the trial of political offenders.
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Sedan, Ardennes
Sedan is a commune in the Ardennes department and Grand Est region of north-eastern France.
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Seine (department)
Seine was a department of France encompassing Paris and its immediate suburbs.
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Seine-et-Oise
Seine-et-Oise was a département of France encompassing the western, northern, and southern parts of the metropolitan area of Paris.
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September Massacres
The September Massacres were a wave of killings in Paris and other cities from 2–7 September 1792, during the French Revolution.
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Social privilege
In sociology, privilege is a concept used for certain rights or advantages that are available only to a particular person or group of people.
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Soissons
Soissons is a commune in the northern French department of Aisne, in the region of Hauts-de-France.
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The Mountain
The Mountain (La Montagne) was a political group during the French Revolution, whose members, called Montagnards, sat on the highest benches in the National Assembly.
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Thomas Paine
Thomas Paine (born Thomas Pain; – In the contemporary record as noted by Conway, Paine's birth date is given as January 29, 1736–37. Common practice was to use a dash or a slash to separate the old-style year from the new-style year. In the old calendar, the new year began on March 25, not January 1. Paine's birth date, therefore, would have been before New Year, 1737. In the new style, his birth date advances by eleven days and his year increases by one to February 9, 1737. The O.S. link gives more detail if needed. – June 8, 1809) was an English-born American political activist, philosopher, political theorist and revolutionary.
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Vice admiral
Vice admiral is a senior naval flag officer rank, equivalent to lieutenant general and air marshal.
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Ville-d'Avray
Ville-d'Avray is a commune in the western suburbs of Paris, France.
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Redirects here:
Armand Guy Simon de Ceotnempren, Comte de Kersaint, Armand Guy Simon de Coetnempren, Comte de Kersaint, Armand Guy Simon de Coëtnempren, comte de Kersaint, Armand of Kersaint, Armand of kersaint, Armand-Guy-Simon de Coetnempren, comte de Kersaint, Comte de Kersaint, Kersaint de Coetnempren.
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armand_de_Kersaint
