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99 relations: -elect, Achrafieh, Alexander Haig, Amine Gemayel, Ariel Sharon, As-Sa'iqa, Athens, Élias Sarkis, Battle of the Hotels, Battle of Zahleh, Beirut, Beqaa Governorate, Bikfaya, Black Saturday (Lebanon), Bourj el-Barajneh, Bsharri, Cairo Agreement (1969), Camille Chamoun, Caspar Weinberger, Christianity in Lebanon, Collège Notre Dame de Jamhour, Copts, Dallas, Damour, Dany Chamoun, Ehden, Ehden massacre, Elie Hobeika, Fadi Frem, Federal Bureau of Investigation, Fouad Abou Nader, Habib Shartouni, Hafez al-Assad, Hamra Street, Internal Security Forces, Israel, Israel Defense Forces, Jews, Karim Pakradouni, Kataeb Party, Kataeb Regulatory Forces, Keserwan District, Kurds, Kuwait, Lawyer, Lebanese Armed Forces, Lebanese Civil War, Lebanese Forces, Lebanese Forces (militia), Lebanese Front, ..., Lebanese people (Shia Muslims), Lebanon, List of attacks in Lebanon, Maronite Church, Matn District, Menachem Begin, Mossad, Multinational Force in Lebanon, Nadim Gemayel, Nahariya, Palestine Liberation Organization, Palestinians, Pan-Arabism, Paris, Parliament of Lebanon, Philip Habib, Phoenicianism, Pierre Gemayel, President of Lebanon, Reuters, Ronald Reagan, Saeb Salam, Safra massacre, Safra, Lebanon, Saint Joseph University, Samir Geagea, Saudi Arabia, Shafik Wazzan, Shatila refugee camp, Society of Jesus, Solange Gemayel, Syria, Syrian Army, Syrian Social Nationalist Party, Ta'if, Texas, The Center for American and International Law, The New York Times, Tigers Militia, Tony Frangieh, United Nations Security Council, United Nations Security Council Resolution 520, United States, William Hawi, Yasser Arafat, YouTube, Zahlé, Zgharta Liberation Army, 1982 Lebanon War. Expand index (49 more) »
-elect
An officer-elect refers to a person who has been elected to a position but has not yet been installed.
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Achrafieh
Achrafieh (الأشرفية; Achrafieh; Աշրաֆիեհ) also spelled Ashrafieh and Ashrafiyeh, is one of the oldest districts of Beirut, Lebanon.
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Alexander Haig
Alexander Meigs "Al" Haig Jr. (December 2, 1924February 20, 2010) was the United States secretary of state under President Ronald Reagan and the White House chief of staff under presidents Richard Nixon and Gerald Ford.
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Amine Gemayel
Amine Pierre Gemayel (أمين بيار الجميٌل; born 22 January 1942) is a Lebanese politician who was President of Lebanon from 1982 to 1988 and was the leader of Kataeb Party.
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Ariel Sharon
Ariel Sharon (אריאל שרון;,, also known by his diminutive Arik, אַריק, born Ariel Scheinermann, אריאל שיינרמן‎; February 26, 1928 – January 11, 2014) was an Israeli general and politician who served as the 11th Prime Minister of Israel from March 2001 until April 2006.
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As-Sa'iqa
For the Libyan Special Forces see: Al-Saiqa (Libya) As-Sa'iqa (also transliterated as al-Saika, Saeqa, etc., from الصاعقة (lit. storm or thunderbolt (meaning “shock troops”); also known as the Vanguard for the Popular Liberation War) is a Palestinian Ba'athist political and military faction created and controlled by Syria. It is linked to the Palestinian branch of the Syrian-led Ba'ath Party, and is a member of the broader Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO), although it is no longer active in the organization. Its Secretary-General is and the president of the political wing of the organization is Dr Mohammed Qais.
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Athens
Athens (Αθήνα, Athína; Ἀθῆναι, Athênai) is the capital and largest city of Greece.
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Élias Sarkis
Élias Youssef Sarkis (20 July 1924 – 27 June 1985) (إلياس سركيس) was a lawyer and President of Lebanon, who served from 1976 to 1982.
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Battle of the Hotels
The Battle of the Hotels, also known as the "Hotel front", was a subconflict within the 1975–77 phase of the Lebanese Civil War which occurred in the Minet-el-Hosn hotel district of downtown Beirut.
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Battle of Zahleh
The Battle of Zahle (Arabic: معركة زحلة) took place during the Lebanese Civil War, between December 1980 and June 1981.
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Beirut
Beirut (بيروت, Beyrouth) is the capital and largest city of Lebanon.
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Beqaa Governorate
Beqaa is a governorate in Lebanon.
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Bikfaya
Bikfaya (بكفيا, also spelled Bickfaya, Beckfayya, or Bekfaya) is a town in the Matn District region of Mount Lebanon.
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Black Saturday (Lebanon)
On 6 September 1975, a Saturday, four young Phalangists were assassinated on the Fanar Road in Beirut.
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Bourj el-Barajneh
Bourj el-Barajneh (برج البراجنة, "Tower of Towers") is a municipality located in the southern suburbs of Beirut, in Lebanon.
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Bsharri
Bsharri (بْشَرِّيْ Bšarrī; also Romanized Becharre, Bcharre, Bsharre) is a town at an altitude of about to.
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Cairo Agreement (1969)
The Cairo agreement or Cairo accord was an agreement reached on 2 November 1969 during talks between Yassir Arafat and the Lebanese army commander General Emile Bustani.
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Camille Chamoun
Camille Nimr Chamoun (Arabic: كميل نمر شمعون, Kamīl Sham'ūn) (3 April 1900 – 7 August 1987) was President of Lebanon from 1952 to 1958, and one of the country's main Christian leaders during most of the Lebanese Civil War (1975–1990).
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Caspar Weinberger
Caspar Willard "Cap" Weinberger (August 18, 1917 – March 28, 2006) was an American politician and businessman.
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Christianity in Lebanon
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Collège Notre Dame de Jamhour
Collège Notre-Dame de Jamhour is a private, French-language, Jesuit, Catholic educational institution set in Jamhour (eastern suburb of Beirut, Lebanon).
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Copts
The Copts (ⲚⲓⲢⲉⲙ̀ⲛⲭⲏⲙⲓ ̀ⲛ̀Ⲭⲣⲏⲥⲧⲓ̀ⲁⲛⲟⲥ,; أقباط) are an ethnoreligious group indigenous to North Africa who primarily inhabit the area of modern Egypt, where they are the largest Christian denomination in the country.
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Dallas
Dallas is a city in the U.S. state of Texas.
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Damour
Damour (الدامور) is a Lebanese Christian town that is south of Beirut.
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Dany Chamoun
Dany Chamoun (داني شمعون) (26 August 1934 – 21 October 1990) was a prominent Lebanese politician.
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Ehden
Ehden (اٍهدن) is a mountainous town situated in the heart of the northern mountains of Lebanon and on the southwestern slopes of Mount Makmal in the Mount Lebanon Range.
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Ehden massacre
The Ehden massacre (مجزرة إهدن) took place on 13 June 1978, part of the 1975–1990 Lebanese Civil War.
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Elie Hobeika
Elie Hobeika (22 September 1956 – 24 January 2002; إيلي حبيقة.) was a Lebanese Phalangist and Lebanese Forces commander during the Lebanese Civil War, and former MP.
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Fadi Frem
Fady Frem (فادي أفرام, born 1953 in Achrafieh suburb of Beirut, Lebanon) is the former leader of the Lebanese Forces Christian militia and political party.
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Federal Bureau of Investigation
The Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), formerly the Bureau of Investigation (BOI), is the domestic intelligence and security service of the United States, and its principal federal law enforcement agency.
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Fouad Abou Nader
Fouad Abou Nader (فؤاد أبو ناضر) is a Lebanese political leader.
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Habib Shartouni
Habib Tanious Shartouni (born April 24, 1958) (حبيب الشرتوني) is the convicted assassin of the Lebanese president-elect Bachir Gemayel.
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Hafez al-Assad
Hafez al-Assad (حافظ الأسد,; 6 October 1930 – 10 June 2000) was a Syrian politician and field marshal of the Syrian Armed Forces who served as President of Syria from 1971 to 2000.
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Hamra Street
Hamra Street or Rue Hamra (شارع الحمراء) is one of the main streets of the city of Beirut, Lebanon, and one of the main economic and diplomatic hubs of Beirut.
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Internal Security Forces
The Internal Security Forces Directorate (al-Mudiriyya al-'aamma li-Qiwa al-Amn al-Dakhili; Forces de Sécurité Intérieure; abbreviated ISF) is the national police and security force of Lebanon.
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Israel
Israel, officially the State of Israel, is a country in the Middle East, on the southeastern shore of the Mediterranean Sea and the northern shore of the Red Sea.
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Israel Defense Forces
The Israel Defense Forces (IDF; צְבָא הַהֲגָנָה לְיִשְׂרָאֵל, lit. "The Army of Defense for Israel"; جيش الدفاع الإسرائيلي), commonly known in Israel by the Hebrew acronym Tzahal, are the military forces of the State of Israel.
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Jews
Jews (יְהוּדִים ISO 259-3, Israeli pronunciation) or Jewish people are an ethnoreligious group and a nation, originating from the Israelites Israelite origins and kingdom: "The first act in the long drama of Jewish history is the age of the Israelites""The people of the Kingdom of Israel and the ethnic and religious group known as the Jewish people that descended from them have been subjected to a number of forced migrations in their history" and Hebrews of the Ancient Near East.
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Karim Pakradouni
Karim Pakradouni (كريم بقرادوني Քերիմ Բագրատունի) (born 18 August 1944) is a Lebanese attorney and politician of Armenian origin.
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Kataeb Party
The Lebanese Phalanges Party (حزب الكتائب اللبنانية), better known in English as the Phalange (الكتائب), is a Christian Democratic political party in Lebanon.
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Kataeb Regulatory Forces
The Kataeb Regulatory Forces – KRF or RF (Arabic: قوى الكتائب النظامية |), Forces Regulatoires du Kataeb (FRK) in French, were the military wing of the right-wing Lebanese Christian Kataeb Party, otherwise known as the 'Phalange', from 1961 to 1977.
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Keserwan District
Keserwan District (قضاء كسروان, transliteration: Qadaa Keserwan) is a district (qadaa) in the Mount Lebanon Governorate, Lebanon, to the northeast of Lebanon's capital Beirut.
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Kurds
The Kurds (rtl, Kurd) or the Kurdish people (rtl, Gelî kurd), are an ethnic group in the Middle East, mostly inhabiting a contiguous area spanning adjacent parts of southeastern Turkey (Northern Kurdistan), northwestern Iran (Eastern Kurdistan), northern Iraq (Southern Kurdistan), and northern Syria (Western Kurdistan).
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Kuwait
Kuwait (الكويت, or), officially the State of Kuwait (دولة الكويت), is a country in Western Asia.
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Lawyer
A lawyer or attorney is a person who practices law, as an advocate, attorney, attorney at law, barrister, barrister-at-law, bar-at-law, counsel, counselor, counsellor, counselor at law, or solicitor, but not as a paralegal or charter executive secretary.
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Lebanese Armed Forces
The Lebanese Armed Forces (LAF) (Arabic: القوات المسلحة اللبنانية | Al-Quwwāt al-Musallaḥa al-Lubnāniyya) or Forces Armées Libanaises (FAL) in French, also known as the Lebanese Army (Arabic: الجيش اللبناني or "Armée libanaise" in French), is the military of the Lebanese Republic.
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Lebanese Civil War
The Lebanese Civil War (الحرب الأهلية اللبنانية – Al-Ḥarb al-Ahliyyah al-Libnāniyyah) was a multifaceted civil war in Lebanon, lasting from 1975 to 1990 and resulting in an estimated 120,000 fatalities.
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Lebanese Forces
The Lebanese Forces (القوات اللبنانية) is a Lebanese Christian based political party and former militia during the Lebanese Civil War.
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Lebanese Forces (militia)
The Lebanese Forces – LF (Arabic: القوات اللبنانية | al-quwwat al-lubnāniyya) or Forces Libanaises (FL) in French, was one of the main Christian factions of the Lebanese Civil War.
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Lebanese Front
The Lebanese Front (الجبهة اللبنانية| al-Jabha al-Lubnaniyya) or Front libanais in French, was a coalition of mainly Christian parties formed in 1976 during the Lebanese Civil War.
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Lebanese people (Shia Muslims)
Lebanese people refers to Lebanese people who are adherents of the Shia branch of Islam in Lebanon, which is the largest Muslim denomination in the country tied with Sunni Muslims.
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Lebanon
Lebanon (لبنان; Lebanese pronunciation:; Liban), officially known as the Lebanese RepublicRepublic of Lebanon is the most common phrase used by Lebanese government agencies.
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List of attacks in Lebanon
Starting in 2004, a series of bombings and assassinations struck Lebanon, most of them in and around the capital, Beirut.
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Maronite Church
The Maronite Church (الكنيسة المارونية) is an Eastern Catholic sui iuris particular church in full communion with the Pope and the Catholic Church, with self-governance under the Code of Canons of the Eastern Churches.
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Matn District
Matn (قضاء المتن), sometimes spelled Metn, is a district (qadaa) in the Mount Lebanon Governorate of Lebanon, east of the Lebanon's capital Beirut.
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Menachem Begin
Menachem Begin (Menaḥem Begin,; Menakhem Volfovich Begin; 16 August 1913 – 9 March 1992) was an Israeli politician, founder of Likud and the sixth Prime Minister of Israel.
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Mossad
Mossad (הַמוֹסָד,; الموساد,,; literally meaning "the Institute"), short for (המוסד למודיעין ולתפקידים מיוחדים, meaning "Institute for Intelligence and Special Operations"), is the national intelligence agency of Israel.
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Multinational Force in Lebanon
The Multinational Force in Lebanon (MNF) was an international peacekeeping force created in August 1982 following the 1981 U.S.-brokered ceasefire between the PLO and Israel to end their involvement in the conflict between Lebanon's pro-government and pro-Syrian factions.
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Nadim Gemayel
Nadim Bashir Gemayel (born 1 May 1982), is a Lebanese politician and member of the Kataeb party.
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Nahariya
Nahariya (נַהֲרִיָּה) is the northernmost coastal city in Israel.
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Palestine Liberation Organization
The Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO; منظمة التحرير الفلسطينية) is an organization founded in 1964 with the purpose of the "liberation of Palestine" through armed struggle, with much of its violence aimed at Israeli civilians.
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Palestinians
The Palestinian people (الشعب الفلسطيني, ash-sha‘b al-Filasṭīnī), also referred to as Palestinians (الفلسطينيون, al-Filasṭīniyyūn, פָלַסְטִינִים) or Palestinian Arabs (العربي الفلسطيني, al-'arabi il-filastini), are an ethnonational group comprising the modern descendants of the peoples who have lived in Palestine over the centuries, including Jews and Samaritans, and who today are largely culturally and linguistically Arab.
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Pan-Arabism
Pan-Arabism, or simply Arabism, is an ideology espousing the unification of the countries of North Africa and West Asia from the Atlantic Ocean to the Arabian Sea, referred to as the Arab world.
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Paris
Paris is the capital and most populous city of France, with an area of and a population of 2,206,488.
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Parliament of Lebanon
The Parliament of Lebanon (مجلس النواب Majlis an-Nuwwab; Chambre des députés) is the national parliament of Lebanon.
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Philip Habib
Philip Charles Habib (February 25, 1920 – May 25, 1992) was an American career diplomat.
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Phoenicianism
Phoenicianism is a form of Lebanese nationalism, first adopted by Lebanese Christians, primarily Maronites, at the time of the creation of Greater Lebanon.
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Pierre Gemayel
Sheikh Pierre Gemayel (بيار الجميّل.) (6 November 1905 – 29 August 1984) (last name also spelt Jmayyel, Jemayyel or al-Jumayyil; Sheikh is an honorific title in Arab countries) was a Lebanese political leader.
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President of Lebanon
The President of the Lebanese Republic is the head of state of Lebanon.
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Reuters
Reuters is an international news agency headquartered in London, United Kingdom.
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Ronald Reagan
Ronald Wilson Reagan (February 6, 1911 – June 5, 2004) was an American politician and actor who served as the 40th President of the United States from 1981 to 1989.
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Saeb Salam
Saeb Salam (17 January 1905 – 21 January 2000) (صائب سلام) was a Lebanese politician, who served as Prime Minister six times between 1952 and 1973.
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Safra massacre
The Safra massacre, or the Day of the Long Knives, occurred in the coastal town of Safra (north of Beirut) on 7 July 1980, during the Lebanese civil war, as part of Bashir Gemayel's effort to consolidate all the Christian fighters under his leadership in the Lebanese Forces.
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Safra, Lebanon
Safra (صفرا) is a Mediterranean Coastal Lebanese Village, located at the middle of the Lebanese coast, its morphology is rich with natural valleys.
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Saint Joseph University
Saint Joseph University (French: Université Saint-Joseph de Beyrouth, "USJ") is a private Catholic research university in Beirut, Lebanon, founded in 1875 by the Jesuits.
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Samir Geagea
Samir Farid Geagea (سمير فريد جعجع Lebanese pron.:, also spelled Samir Ja‘ja‘; born on 25 October 1952 in Ain al-Remaneh) is a Lebanese militia leader and politician.
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Saudi Arabia
Saudi Arabia, officially the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA), is a sovereign Arab state in Western Asia constituting the bulk of the Arabian Peninsula.
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Shafik Wazzan
Shafik Al-Wazzan (شفيق الوزان, January 16, 1925 – July 8, 1999) was the 27th Prime Minister of Lebanon from 1980 until 1984.
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Shatila refugee camp
The Shatila refugee camp (مخيم شاتيلا), also known as the Chatila refugee camp, is a refugee camp, originally set-up for Palestinian refugees in 1949.
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Society of Jesus
The Society of Jesus (SJ – from Societas Iesu) is a scholarly religious congregation of the Catholic Church which originated in sixteenth-century Spain.
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Solange Gemayel
Solange Gemayel (born 1949) is a political figure and former First Lady of Lebanon.
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Syria
Syria (سوريا), officially known as the Syrian Arab Republic (الجمهورية العربية السورية), is a country in Western Asia, bordering Lebanon and the Mediterranean Sea to the west, Turkey to the north, Iraq to the east, Jordan to the south, and Israel to the southwest.
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Syrian Army
The Syrian Army, officially the Syrian Arab Army (SAA) (al-Jayš al-ʿArabī as-Sūrī), is the land force branch of the Syrian Armed Forces.
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Syrian Social Nationalist Party
The Syrian Social Nationalist Party (SSNP) (الحزب السوري القومي الاجتماعي, transliterated: Al-Ḥizb Al-Sūrī Al-Qawmī Al-'Ijtimā'ī, often referred to in French as Parti populaire syrien or Parti social nationaliste syrien), is a nationalist political party operating in Lebanon, Syria, Jordan, Iraq and Palestine.
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Ta'if
Ta'if (الطائف) is a city in Mecca Province of Saudi Arabia at an elevation of on the slopes of Sarawat Mountains (Al-Sarawat Mountains).
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Texas
Texas (Texas or Tejas) is the second largest state in the United States by both area and population.
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The Center for American and International Law
Formerly known as The Southwestern Legal Foundation, The Center for American and International Law (CAIL) is a prominent international nonprofit educational institution for lawyers, judges and law enforcement professionals located in Plano, Texas.
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The New York Times
The New York Times (sometimes abbreviated as The NYT or The Times) is an American newspaper based in New York City with worldwide influence and readership.
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Tigers Militia
The Tigers Militia (Arabic: نمور الأحرار, transliterated: Numūr or Al-Noumour), also known as NLP Tigers or Tigers of the Liberals (Arabic: Numur al-Ahrar) and PNL "Lionceaux" in French, was the military wing of the National Liberal Party (NLP) during the Lebanese Civil War.
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Tony Frangieh
Antoine Frangieh (1 September 1941 – 13 June 1978), better known by his diminutive, Tony Frangieh, طوني فرنجية) was a Lebanese politician and militia leader during the early years of the Lebanese Civil War. He is the son of Suleiman Frangieh, a former Lebanese president.
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United Nations Security Council
The United Nations Security Council (UNSC) is one of the six principal organs of the United Nations, charged with the maintenance of international peace and security as well as accepting new members to the United Nations and approving any changes to its United Nations Charter.
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United Nations Security Council Resolution 520
United Nations Security Council resolution 520, adopted unanimously on 17 September 1982, after the assassination of Lebanese President Bashir Gemayel and reaffriming resolutions 508 (1982), 509 (1982) and 516 (1982), the Council demanded that Israel withdraw immediately from Lebanon, and that Lebanese sovereignty be respected in order to restore a stable government in Lebanon.
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United States
The United States of America (USA), commonly known as the United States (U.S.) or America, is a federal republic composed of 50 states, a federal district, five major self-governing territories, and various possessions.
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William Hawi
William Amine Hawi (also written: William Haoui), – (September 5, 1908 – July 13, 1976), (وليم أمين حاوي) was a Lebanese-American businessman and a leader and militia commander of the Kataeb Party (الكتائب اللبنانية) better known in English as the Phalange, a right-wing Christian political party in Lebanon.
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Yasser Arafat
Mohammed Yasser Abdel Rahman Abdel Raouf Arafat al-Qudwa (محمد ياسر عبد الرحمن عبد الرؤوف عرفات; 24 August 1929 – 11 November 2004), popularly known as Yasser Arafat (ياسر عرفات) or by his kunya Abu Ammar (أبو عمار), was a Palestinian political leader.
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YouTube
YouTube is an American video-sharing website headquartered in San Bruno, California.
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Zahlé
Zahlé (زحلة) is the capital and the largest city of Beqaa Governorate, Lebanon.
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Zgharta Liberation Army
The Zgharta Liberation Army or Zghartawi Liberation Army – ZLA (French: Armée de Liberation de Zgharta – ALZ) was the paramilitary branch of the Lebanese Marada Movement during the Lebanese Civil War.
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1982 Lebanon War
The 1982 Lebanon War, dubbed Operation Peace for Galilee (מבצע שלום הגליל, or מבצע של"ג Mivtsa Shlom HaGalil or Mivtsa Sheleg) by the Israeli government, later known in Israel as the Lebanon War or the First Lebanon War (מלחמת לבנון הראשונה, Milhemet Levanon Harishona), and known in Lebanon as "the invasion" (الاجتياح, Al-ijtiyāḥ), began on 6 June 1982, when the Israel Defense Forces (IDF) invaded southern Lebanon, after repeated attacks and counter-attacks between the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) operating in southern Lebanon and the IDF that had caused civilian casualties on both sides of the border.
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Bachir Pierre Jumayyil, Bashir Gemayel, Bashir Gemayyel, Bashir Jamail, Bashir Jemayel, Bashir Jumayil, Bechir Gemayel, Béchir Gémayel, بشير الجميّ.
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bachir_Gemayel
