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166 relations: Albert II of Belgium, Alderman, Ammann, Amtmann, Ancien Régime, Arrest warrant, Assizes, Attorney General of Ontario, Bail, Bailiff (Channel Islands), Bailiff (disambiguation), Bailiff (France), Bailiwick, Baillif, Barony, Baton (law enforcement), Beadle, Bedford, Borough, Bureaucrat, Burgh, Cantons of Belgium, Cardinal (Catholic Church), Carl, Duke of Württemberg, Castellan, Catchpole, Cathedral school, Channel Islands, Châtelain, Confiscation, Constable, County, County court, County Court judgment, County of Flanders, County of Hainaut, County of Toulouse, Court of Session, Crown lands of France, Debt collection, Distraint, District court (Scotland), Dover Castle, Duchy of Brabant, Duchy of Normandy, Duke of Normandy, Dutch language, Early modern France, England, England and Wales, ..., England in the High Middle Ages, Entrepreneurship, Environment Agency, Epping Forest, Eviction, Firearm, Foreclosure, Franz, Duke of Bavaria, French language, French nobility, Généralité, Glasgow City Council, Gooi, Governor, Hans-Adam II, Prince of Liechtenstein, Henry II of France, Her Majesty's Courts and Tribunals Service, High Bailiff, High bailiff (Vermont), High Court, High Court enforcement officer, High sheriff, Holy Roman Empire, Huissier de justice, Hundred (county division), Intendant, Isle of Man, Judiciary of New York (state), Jurat, Justice of the peace, Knight in Obedience, Knight of Justice, Knights Hospitaller, Landdrost, Landed gentry, Law clerk, Law enforcement officer, Legal process, Local government, Local government in Scotland, Local government in the United Kingdom, Lord Chancellor, Lord Provost, Louis Alphonse, Duke of Anjou, Magistrate, Majordomo, Manor house, Manorial court, Marshal, Maryland, Messenger-at-arms, Middle English, Ministry of Community Safety and Correctional Services, Ministry of Justice (United Kingdom), Muiden, Napoleonic Code, New York State Court Officers, Normandy, Normans, Old French, Ontario, Oxford University Press, Palace of Westminster, Parlement, Pepper spray, Philip II of France, Pieter Corneliszoon Hooft, Prévôt, Prison, Prison officer, Prisoner transport, Proprietor, Provost (civil), Reeve (England), Replevin, Repossession, Republic of Ireland, Revenue Commissioners, River Great Ouse, Salmon, Salmon and Freshwater Fisheries Act 1975, Saxons, Schepen, Schout, Scotland, Seneschal, Seneschal in Scandinavia, Service of process, Sheriff, Sheriff court, Sheriff officer, Slang, Social status, Sovereign Military Order of Malta, Special police, Steward (office), Tax, Territorial lord, The Crown, The Fens, Tipstaff, Treason, Trout, Unitary authority, United States, University of Paris, Vidame, Vogt, Vogt (Switzerland), Vulgar Latin, Walter of Henley, Warrant of committal, Water bailiff, Water board (Netherlands), Wheel clamp, William Shakespeare. Expand index (116 more) »
Albert II of Belgium
Albert II (born 6 June 1934) reigned as the sixth King of the Belgians from 1993 until his abdication in 2013.
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Alderman
An alderman is a member of a municipal assembly or council in many jurisdictions founded upon English law.
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Ammann
Ammann is a surname.
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Amtmann
The Amtmann or Ammann (in Switzerland) was an official in German-speaking countries of Europe and in some of the Nordic countries from the time of the Middle Ages whose office was akin to that of a bailiff.
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Ancien Régime
The Ancien Régime (French for "old regime") was the political and social system of the Kingdom of France from the Late Middle Ages (circa 15th century) until 1789, when hereditary monarchy and the feudal system of French nobility were abolished by the.
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Arrest warrant
An arrest warrant is a warrant issued by a judge or magistrate on behalf of the state, which authorizes the arrest and detention of an individual, or the search and seizure of an individual's property.
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Assizes
The courts of assize, or assizes, were periodic courts held around England and Wales until 1972, when together with the quarter sessions they were abolished by the Courts Act 1971 and replaced by a single permanent Crown Court.
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Attorney General of Ontario
The Attorney General of Ontario is the chief legal adviser to Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Ontario and, by extension, the Government of Ontario.
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Bail
Bail is a set of restrictions that are imposed on a suspect while awaiting trial, to ensure they comply with the judicial process.
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Bailiff (Channel Islands)
The Bailiff is the Chief Justice in each of the Channel Island bailiwicks of Guernsey and Jersey, also serving as president of the legislature and having ceremonial and executive functions.
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Bailiff (disambiguation)
Bailiff usually refers to law enforcement officers involved with lower courts of the United Kingdom or providing courtroom security and order in the United States.
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Bailiff (France)
A bailiff (bailli) was the king’s administrative representative during the ancien régime in northern France, where the bailiff was responsible for the application of justice and control of the administration and local finances in his bailiwick (baillage).
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Bailiwick
A bailiwick is usually the area of jurisdiction of a bailiff, and once also applied to territories in which a privately appointed bailiff exercised the sheriff's functions under a royal or imperial writ.
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Baillif
Baillif is a commune of Guadeloupe, an overseas region and department of France located in the Lesser Antilles.
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Barony
A modern geographic barony, in Scotland, Ireland and outlying parts of England, constitutes an administrative division of a country, usually of lower rank and importance than a county.
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Baton (law enforcement)
A baton or truncheon is a roughly cylindrical club made of wood, rubber, plastic or metal.
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Beadle
Beadle, sometimes spelled "bedel", is an official of a church or synagogue who may usher, keep order, make reports, and assist in religious functions; or a minor official who carries out various civil, educational, or ceremonial duties.
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Bedford
Bedford is the county town of Bedfordshire, England.
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Borough
A borough is an administrative division in various English-speaking countries.
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Bureaucrat
A bureaucrat is a member of a bureaucracy and can compose the administration of any organization of any size, although the term usually connotes someone within an institution of government.
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Burgh
A burgh was an autonomous municipal corporation in Scotland and Northern England, usually a town, or toun in Scots.
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Cantons of Belgium
In Belgium, there are judicial and electoral cantons.
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Cardinal (Catholic Church)
A cardinal (Sanctae Romanae Ecclesiae cardinalis, literally Cardinal of the Holy Roman Church) is a senior ecclesiastical leader, considered a Prince of the Church, and usually an ordained bishop of the Roman Catholic Church.
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Carl, Duke of Württemberg
Carl Maria Peter Ferdinand Philipp Albrecht Joseph Michael Pius Konrad Robert Ulrich Herzog von Württemberg (born 1 August 1936) is the current head of the House of Württemberg.
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Castellan
A castellan was the governor or captain of a castellany and its castle.
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Catchpole
Catchpole is a rare surname, being a type of tax collector in medieval England.
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Cathedral school
Cathedral schools began in the Early Middle Ages as centers of advanced education, some of them ultimately evolving into medieval universities.
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Channel Islands
The Channel Islands (Norman: Îles d'la Manche; French: Îles Anglo-Normandes or Îles de la Manche) are an archipelago in the English Channel, off the French coast of Normandy.
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Châtelain
Châtelain (from castellanus, derived from castellum; pertaining to a castle, fortress. Middle English: castellan from Anglo-Norman: castellain and Old French: castelain), was originally the French title for the keeper of a castle.
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Confiscation
Confiscation (from the Latin confiscare "to consign to the fiscus, i.e. transfer to the treasury") is a legal form of seizure by a government or other public authority.
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Constable
A constable is a person holding a particular office, most commonly in criminal law enforcement.
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County
A county is a geographical region of a country used for administrative or other purposes,Chambers Dictionary, L. Brookes (ed.), 2005, Chambers Harrap Publishers Ltd, Edinburgh in certain modern nations.
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County court
A county court is a court based in or with a jurisdiction covering one or more counties, which are administrative divisions (subnational entities) within a country, not to be confused with the medieval system of county courts held by the High Sheriff of each county.
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County Court judgment
In England and Wales, County Court judgments (CCJs) are legal decisions handed down by the County Court.
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County of Flanders
The County of Flanders (Graafschap Vlaanderen, Comté de Flandre) was a historic territory in the Low Countries.
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County of Hainaut
The County of Hainaut (Comté de Hainaut, Graafschap Henegouwen; Grafschaft Hennegau), sometimes given the archaic spellings Hainault and Heynowes, was a historical lordship within the medieval Holy Roman Empire, with its capital at Mons (Bergen).
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County of Toulouse
The County of Toulouse was a territory in southern France consisting of the city of Toulouse and its environs, ruled by the Count of Toulouse from the late 9th century until the late 13th century.
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Court of Session
The Court of Session (Cùirt an t-Seisein; Coort o Session) is the supreme civil court of Scotland, and constitutes part of the College of Justice; the supreme criminal court of Scotland is the High Court of Justiciary.
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Crown lands of France
The crown lands, crown estate, royal domain or (in French) domaine royal (from demesne) of France refers to the lands, fiefs and rights directly possessed by the kings of France.
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Debt collection
Debt collection is the process of pursuing payments of debts owed by individuals or businesses.
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Distraint
Distraint or distress is "the seizure of someone’s property in order to obtain payment of rent or other money owed", especially in common law countries.
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District court (Scotland)
A district court was the least authoritative type of criminal court of Scotland.
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Dover Castle
Dover Castle is a medieval castle in Dover, Kent, England.
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Duchy of Brabant
The Duchy of Brabant was a State of the Holy Roman Empire established in 1183.
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Duchy of Normandy
The Duchy of Normandy grew out of the 911 Treaty of Saint-Clair-sur-Epte between King Charles III of West Francia and Rollo, leader of the Vikings.
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Duke of Normandy
In the Middle Ages, the Duke of Normandy was the ruler of the Duchy of Normandy in north-western France.
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Dutch language
The Dutch language is a West Germanic language, spoken by around 23 million people as a first language (including the population of the Netherlands where it is the official language, and about sixty percent of Belgium where it is one of the three official languages) and by another 5 million as a second language.
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Early modern France
The Kingdom of France in the early modern period, from the Renaissance (circa 1500–1550) to the Revolution (1789–1804), was a monarchy ruled by the House of Bourbon (a Capetian cadet branch).
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England
England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom.
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England and Wales
England and Wales is a legal jurisdiction covering England and Wales, two of the four countries of the United Kingdom.
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England in the High Middle Ages
England in the High Middle Ages includes the history of England between the Norman Conquest in 1066 and the death of King John, considered by some to be the last of the Angevin kings of England, in 1216.
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Entrepreneurship
Entrepreneurship is the process of designing, launching and running a new business, which is often initially a small business.
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Environment Agency
The Environment Agency (EA) is a non-departmental public body, established in 1995 and sponsored by the United Kingdom government's Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (DEFRA), with responsibilities relating to the protection and enhancement of the environment in England (and until 2013 also Wales).
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Epping Forest
Epping Forest is a area of ancient woodland between Epping in the north and Wanstead in the south, straddling the border between Greater London and Essex.
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Eviction
Eviction is the removal of a tenant from rental property by the landlord.
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Firearm
A firearm is a portable gun (a barreled ranged weapon) that inflicts damage on targets by launching one or more projectiles driven by rapidly expanding high-pressure gas produced by exothermic combustion (deflagration) of propellant within an ammunition cartridge.
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Foreclosure
Foreclosure is a legal process in which a lender attempts to recover the balance of a loan from a borrower who has stopped making payments to the lender by forcing the sale of the asset used as the collateral for the loan.
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Franz, Duke of Bavaria
Franz, Duke of Bavaria (German: Franz Bonaventura Adalbert Maria Herzog von Bayern; born 14 July 1933) is head of the House of Wittelsbach, the former ruling family of the Kingdom of Bavaria.
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French language
French (le français or la langue française) is a Romance language of the Indo-European family.
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French nobility
The French nobility (la noblesse) was a privileged social class in France during the Middle Ages and the Early Modern period to the revolution in 1790.
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Généralité
Recettes générales, commonly known as généralités, were the administrative divisions of France under the Ancien Régime and are often considered to prefigure the current préfectures.
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Glasgow City Council
Glasgow City Council, the local government body of the city of Glasgow in Scotland, became one of the newly created single tier local authorities in 1996, under the Local Government etc. (Scotland) Act 1994, with boundaries somewhat different from those of the City of Glasgow district of the Strathclyde region: parts of the Cambuslang and Halfway and Rutherglen and Fernhill areas were transferred from the city area to the new South Lanarkshire council area.
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Gooi
The Gooi is the area around Hilversum, in the centre of the Netherlands.
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Governor
A governor is, in most cases, a public official with the power to govern the executive branch of a non-sovereign or sub-national level of government, ranking under the head of state.
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Hans-Adam II, Prince of Liechtenstein
Hans-Adam II (Johannes Adam Ferdinand Alois Josef Maria Marco d'Aviano Pius; born 14 February 1945) is the reigning Prince of Liechtenstein.
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Henry II of France
Henry II (Henri II; 31 March 1519 – 10 July 1559) was a monarch of the House of Valois who ruled as King of France from 31 March 1547 until his death in 1559.
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Her Majesty's Courts and Tribunals Service
Her Majesty's Courts and Tribunals Service is an executive agency of the Ministry of Justice.
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High Bailiff
The High Bailiff (Ard-Vaylee) is a legal position held within the Isle of Man.
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High bailiff (Vermont)
A high bailiff in the United States state of Vermont is an elected public official whose office is unique to local government in Vermont.
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High Court
High court usually refers to the superior court (or supreme court) of a country or state.
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High Court enforcement officer
A High Court enforcement officer (HCEO) is an officer of the High Court of England and Wales responsible for enforcing judgements of the High Court, often by seizing goods or repossessing property.
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High sheriff
A high sheriff is a ceremonial officer for each shrieval county of England and Wales and Northern Ireland or the chief sheriff of a number of paid sheriffs in U.S. states who outranks and commands the others in their court-related functions.
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Holy Roman Empire
The Holy Roman Empire (Sacrum Romanum Imperium; Heiliges Römisches Reich) was a multi-ethnic but mostly German complex of territories in central Europe that developed during the Early Middle Ages and continued until its dissolution in 1806.
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Huissier de justice
A huissier de justice (literally French for "justice usher"), sometimes anglicized as judicial officer, is an officer of the court in France, Luxembourg, Belgium, Canada, Greece, Italy, and Switzerland.
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Hundred (county division)
A hundred is an administrative division that is geographically part of a larger region.
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Intendant
The title of intendant (intendant, Portuguese and intendente) has been used in several countries through history.
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Isle of Man
The Isle of Man (Ellan Vannin), also known simply as Mann (Mannin), is a self-governing British Crown dependency in the Irish Sea between the islands of Great Britain and Ireland.
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Judiciary of New York (state)
The Judiciary of New York (officially the New York State Unified Court System) is the judicial branch of the Government of New York, comprising all the courts of the State of New York (excluding extrajudicial administrative courts.) The Court of Appeals, sitting in Albany and consisting of seven judges, is the state's highest court.
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Jurat
The jurats are lay people in Guernsey and Jersey who act as judges of fact rather than law, though they preside over land conveyances and liquor licensing.
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Justice of the peace
A justice of the peace (JP) is a judicial officer, of a lower or puisne court, elected or appointed by means of a commission (letters patent) to keep the peace.
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Knight in Obedience
The Knights and Dames in Obedience form the second of the three classes of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta.
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Knight of Justice
The Knights of Justice form the first of the three classes of members of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta together with the professed conventual chaplains.
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Knights Hospitaller
The Order of Knights of the Hospital of Saint John of Jerusalem (Ordo Fratrum Hospitalis Sancti Ioannis Hierosolymitani), also known as the Order of Saint John, Order of Hospitallers, Knights Hospitaller, Knights Hospitalier or Hospitallers, was a medieval Catholic military order.
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Landdrost
Landdrost was the title of various officials with local jurisdiction in the Netherlands and a number of former territories in the Dutch Empire.
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Landed gentry
Landed gentry or gentry is a largely historical British social class consisting in theory of landowners who could live entirely from rental income, or at least had a country estate.
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Law clerk
A law clerk or a judicial clerk is an individual—generally an attorney—who provides direct assistance and counsel to a judge in making legal determinations and in writing opinions by researching issues before the court.
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Law enforcement officer
A law enforcement officer (LEO) or peace officer, in North American English, is a public-sector employee whose duties primarily involve the enforcement of laws.
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Legal process
Legal process (or sometimes "process"), are the proceedings in any civil lawsuit or criminal prosecution and, particularly, describes the formal notice or writ used by a court to exercise jurisdiction over a person or property.
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Local government
A local government is a form of public administration which, in a majority of contexts, exists as the lowest tier of administration within a given state.
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Local government in Scotland
Local government in Scotland is organised through 32 unitary authorities designated as Councils which consist of councillors elected every five years by registered voters in each of the council areas.
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Local government in the United Kingdom
Local government in the United Kingdom has origins that pre-date the United Kingdom itself, as each of the four countries of the United Kingdom has its own separate system.
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Lord Chancellor
The Lord Chancellor, formally the Lord High Chancellor of Great Britain, is the highest ranking among those Great Officers of State which are appointed regularly in the United Kingdom, nominally outranking even the Prime Minister.
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Lord Provost
A Lord Provost (Scottish Gaelic: Àrd-Phrobhaist) is convenor of the local authority, the civic head and the lord-lieutenant of one of the principal cities of Scotland.
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Louis Alphonse, Duke of Anjou
Louis Alphonse de Bourbon, Duke of Anjou (Luis Alfonso Gonzalo Víctor Manuel Marco de Borbón y Martínez-Bordiú, Louis Alphonse Gonzalve Victor Emmanuel Marc de Bourbon;Eilers, Marlene A. Queen Victoria's Descendants. Princess Beatrice. Rosvall Royal Books, Falkoping, Sweden, 1997. pp. 166, 181; Enache, Nicolas. La Descendanace de Marie-Therese de Habsburg Reine de Hongrie and Boheme. Maison royale regnante d'Espagne. ICC/Nouvelle Imprimerie Laballery, Paris, 1999, p. 535. (French)..Willis, Daniel A. The Descendants of King George I of Great Britain. The Descendants of Princess Anne, The Princess of Orange. Clearfield, Baltimore, 2002. p. 231. born 25 April 1974 in Madrid) is a member of the Royal House of Bourbon, and one of the current pretenders to the defunct French throne as Louis XX.
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Magistrate
The term magistrate is used in a variety of systems of governments and laws to refer to a civilian officer who administers the law.
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Majordomo
A majordomo is a person who speaks, makes arrangements, or takes charge for another.
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Manor house
A manor house was historically the main residence of the lord of the manor.
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Manorial court
The manorial courts were the lowest courts of law in England during the feudal period.
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Marshal
Marshal is a term used in several official titles in various branches of society.
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Maryland
Maryland is a state in the Mid-Atlantic region of the United States, bordering Virginia, West Virginia, and Washington, D.C. to its south and west; Pennsylvania to its north; and Delaware to its east.
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Messenger-at-arms
A messenger-at-arms is an officer of the Scottish Court of Session, responsible for serving documents and enforcing court orders throughout Scotland.
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Middle English
Middle English (ME) is collectively the varieties of the English language spoken after the Norman Conquest (1066) until the late 15th century; scholarly opinion varies but the Oxford English Dictionary specifies the period of 1150 to 1500.
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Ministry of Community Safety and Correctional Services
The Ministry of Community Safety and Correctional Services (French: Ministère de la Sécurité communautaire et des Services correctionnels) is responsible for law enforcement services in the Canadian province of Ontario, including the Ontario Provincial Police, correctional centres, detention centres/jails (detention centres and jails are essentially the same except the latter are smaller), parole boards, public safety and disaster management (under The Office of the Fire Marshal and Emergency Management).
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Ministry of Justice (United Kingdom)
The Ministry of Justice (MOJ) is a ministerial department of the British Government headed by the Secretary of State for Justice and Lord Chancellor (a combined position).
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Muiden
Muiden is a city and former municipality in the Netherlands, in the province of North Holland.
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Napoleonic Code
The Napoleonic Code (officially Code civil des Français, referred to as (le) Code civil) is the French civil code established under Napoléon I in 1804.
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New York State Court Officers
New York State Court Officers (NYS Courts), is the law enforcement agency charged with providing security services and maintaining order within court facilities statewide.
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Normandy
Normandy (Normandie,, Norman: Normaundie, from Old French Normanz, plural of Normant, originally from the word for "northman" in several Scandinavian languages) is one of the 18 regions of France, roughly referring to the historical Duchy of Normandy.
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Normans
The Normans (Norman: Normaunds; Normands; Normanni) were the people who, in the 10th and 11th centuries, gave their name to Normandy, a region in France.
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Old French
Old French (franceis, françois, romanz; Modern French: ancien français) was the language spoken in Northern France from the 8th century to the 14th century.
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Ontario
Ontario is one of the 13 provinces and territories of Canada and is located in east-central Canada.
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Oxford University Press
Oxford University Press (OUP) is the largest university press in the world, and the second oldest after Cambridge University Press.
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Palace of Westminster
The Palace of Westminster is the meeting place of the House of Commons and the House of Lords, the two houses of the Parliament of the United Kingdom.
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Parlement
A parlement, in the Ancien Régime of France, was a provincial appellate court.
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Pepper spray
Pepper spray (also known as capsicum spray) is a lachrymatory agent (a chemical compound that irritates the eyes to cause tears, pain, and temporary blindness) used in policing, riot control, crowd control, and self-defense, including defense against dogs and bears.
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Philip II of France
Philip II, known as Philip Augustus (Philippe Auguste; 21 August 1165 – 14 July 1223), was King of France from 1180 to 1223, a member of the House of Capet.
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Pieter Corneliszoon Hooft
Pieter Corneliszoon Hooft (16 March 1581 in Amsterdam – 21 May 1647 in The Hague) - Knight in the Order of Saint Michael - was a Dutch historian, poet and playwright from the period known as the Dutch Golden Age.
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Prévôt
A prévôt was a governmental position of varying importance in Ancien Régime France, typically referring to a civil officer, magistrate, head of cathedral or church, often anglicised as provost.
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Prison
A prison, also known as a correctional facility, jail, gaol (dated, British English), penitentiary (American English), detention center (American English), or remand center is a facility in which inmates are forcibly confined and denied a variety of freedoms under the authority of the state.
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Prison officer
A prison officer (UK and Ireland, and the official English title in Denmark, Finland, and Sweden), also known as corrections officer (New Zealand, US), correctional officer (Australia, Canada, Jamaica, and US), detention officer (US) or penal officer (US), is a person responsible for the supervision, safety, and security of prisoners in a prison, jail, or similar form of secure custody.
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Prisoner transport
Prisoner transport is the transportation of prisoners by law enforcement agencies or contractors. In order to extradite a suspected or convicted criminal from one jurisdiction to another, a rendition aircraft may be used, although the high cost involved means that it is normally used only to transport the most dangerous of prisoners; more commonly, a person being extradited would simply be put onto a commercial airliner, albeit escorted by law enforcement officers.
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Proprietor
No description.
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Provost (civil)
A provost (introduced into Scots from French) is the ceremonial head of many Scottish local authorities, and under the name prévôt was a governmental position of varying importance in Ancien Régime France.
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Reeve (England)
Originally in Anglo-Saxon England the reeve was a senior official with local responsibilities under the Crown, e.g., as the chief magistrate of a town or district.
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Replevin
Replevin or claim and delivery (sometimes called revendication) is a legal remedy which enables a person to recover personal property taken wrongfully or unlawfully, pending a final determination by a court of law, and to obtain compensation for resulting losses.
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Repossession
Repossession is a term used to describe when.
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Republic of Ireland
Ireland (Éire), also known as the Republic of Ireland (Poblacht na hÉireann), is a sovereign state in north-western Europe occupying 26 of 32 counties of the island of Ireland.
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Revenue Commissioners
The Revenue Commissioners (Na Coimisinéirí Ioncaim), usually referred to simply as Revenue, is the Irish Government agency responsible for customs, excise, taxation and related matters.
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River Great Ouse
The River Great Ouse is a river in the United Kingdom, the longest of several British rivers called "Ouse".
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Salmon
Salmon is the common name for several species of ray-finned fish in the family Salmonidae.
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Salmon and Freshwater Fisheries Act 1975
This law was created in an attempt to protect salmon and trout from commercial poaching, to protect migration routes, to prevent willful vandalism and neglect of fishery's, ensure correct licensing and water authority approval.
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Saxons
The Saxons (Saxones, Sachsen, Seaxe, Sahson, Sassen, Saksen) were a Germanic people whose name was given in the early Middle Ages to a large country (Old Saxony, Saxonia) near the North Sea coast of what is now Germany.
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Schepen
A schepen (. schepenen) is a municipal office in Dutch-speaking countries.
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Schout
In Dutch-speaking areas, a schout was a local official appointed to carry out administrative, law enforcement and prosecutorial tasks.
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Scotland
Scotland (Alba) is a country that is part of the United Kingdom and covers the northern third of the island of Great Britain.
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Seneschal
A seneschal was a senior court appointment within a royal, ducal, or noble household during the Middle Ages and early Modern period, historically a steward or majordomo of a medieval great house, such as a royal household.
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Seneschal in Scandinavia
Seneschal of the Realm, Riksdrots (Swedish), Rigsdrost (Danish), or Valtakunnandrotsi (Finnish) (other plausible translations are Lord High Steward or Lord High Justiciar) is a Danish and Swedish name of a supreme state official, with at least a connotation to administration of judiciary, who in medieval Scandinavia was often a leader in the government.
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Service of process
Service of process is the procedure by which a party to a lawsuit gives an appropriate notice of initial legal action to another party (such as a defendant), court, or administrative body in an effort to exercise jurisdiction over that person so as to enable that person to respond to the proceeding before the court, body, or other tribunal.
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Sheriff
A sheriff is a government official, with varying duties, existing in some countries with historical ties to England, where the office originated.
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Sheriff court
A sheriff court (cùirt an t-siorraim) is the principal local civil and criminal court in Scotland, with exclusive jurisdiction over all civil cases with a monetary up to, and with the jurisdiction to hear any criminal case except treason, murder, and rape which are in the exclusive jurisdiction of the High Court of Justiciary.
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Sheriff officer
A sheriff officer is an officer of the Scottish sheriff court, responsible for serving documents and enforcing court orders.
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Slang
Slang is language (words, phrases, and usages) of an informal register that members of special groups like teenagers, musicians, or criminals favor (over a standard language) in order to establish group identity, exclude outsiders, or both.
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Social status
Social status is the relative respect, competence, and deference accorded to people, groups, and organizations in a society.
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Sovereign Military Order of Malta
The Sovereign Military Hospitaller Order of Saint John of Jerusalem, of Rhodes and of Malta (Supremus Ordo Militaris Hospitalis Sancti Ioannis Hierosolymitani Rhodius et Melitensis), also known as the Sovereign Military Order of Malta (SMOM) or the Order of Malta, is a Catholic lay religious order traditionally of military, chivalrous and noble nature.
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Special police
Special police (also see auxiliary police) usually describes a police force or unit within a police force whose duties and responsibilities are significantly different from other forces in the same country or from other police in the same force, although there is no consistent international definition.
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Steward (office)
A steward is an official who is appointed by the legal ruling monarch to represent them in a country, and may have a mandate to govern it in their name; in the latter case, synonymous with the position of regent, vicegerent, viceroy (for Romance languages), governor, or deputy (the Roman rector, praefectus or vicarius).
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Tax
A tax (from the Latin taxo) is a mandatory financial charge or some other type of levy imposed upon a taxpayer (an individual or other legal entity) by a governmental organization in order to fund various public expenditures.
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Territorial lord
A territorial lord (Landesherr) was a ruler in the period beginning with the Early Middle Ages, who held sovereignty over a territory, effectively as the monarch.
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The Crown
The Crown is the state in all its aspects within the jurisprudence of the Commonwealth realms and their sub-divisions (such as Crown dependencies, provinces, or states).
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The Fens
The Fens, also known as the, are a coastal plain in eastern England.
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Tipstaff
The Tipstaff is an officer of a court or, in some countries, a law clerk to a judge.
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Treason
In law, treason is the crime that covers some of the more extreme acts against one's nation or sovereign.
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Trout
Trout is the common name for a number of species of freshwater fish belonging to the genera Oncorhynchus, Salmo and Salvelinus, all of the subfamily Salmoninae of the family Salmonidae.
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Unitary authority
A unitary authority is a type of local authority that has a single tier and is responsible for all local government functions within its area or performs additional functions which elsewhere in the relevant country are usually performed by national government or a higher level of sub-national government.
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United States
The United States of America (USA), commonly known as the United States (U.S.) or America, is a federal republic composed of 50 states, a federal district, five major self-governing territories, and various possessions.
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University of Paris
The University of Paris (Université de Paris), metonymically known as the Sorbonne (one of its buildings), was a university in Paris, France, from around 1150 to 1793, and from 1806 to 1970.
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Vidame
Vidame was a feudal title in France, a term descended from mediaeval Latin vicedominus.
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Vogt
A Vogt (from the Old High German, also Voigt or Fauth; plural Vögte; Dutch (land-) voogd; Danish foged; Norwegian fogd; Swedish fogde; wójt; Finnish vouti; Romanian voit; ultimately from Latin vocatus) in the Holy Roman Empire was a title of a reeve or advocate, an overlord (mostly of nobility) exerting guardianship or military protection as well as secular justice (Blutgericht) over a certain territory (Landgericht).
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Vogt (Switzerland)
A Vogt (plural Vögte) was a title in the Old Swiss Confederacy, inherited from the feudal system of the Holy Roman Empire, corresponding to the English reeve.
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Vulgar Latin
Vulgar Latin or Sermo Vulgaris ("common speech") was a nonstandard form of Latin (as opposed to Classical Latin, the standard and literary version of the language) spoken in the Mediterranean region during and after the classical period of the Roman Empire.
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Walter of Henley
Walter of Henley (Walter de Henley) was an English agricultural writer of the thirteenth century, writing in French.
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Warrant of committal
Warrant of Committal is a legal term used by the law systems of Canada and the United Kingdom, which allows a magistrate or judge to enforce a judgment or order against a person or corporation that has refused or neglected to comply with a known court ruling or order within a known fixed period of time.
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Water bailiff
A water bailiff is a law enforcement officer responsible for the policing of bodies of water, such as a river, lake or coast.
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Water board (Netherlands)
Dutch water boards (waterschappen or hoogheemraadschappen) are regional government bodies charged with managing water barriers, waterways, water levels, water quality and sewage treatment in their respective regions.
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Wheel clamp
A wheel clamp, also known as wheel boot, parking boot, or Denver boot, is a device that is designed to prevent motor vehicles from being moved.
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William Shakespeare
William Shakespeare (26 April 1564 (baptised)—23 April 1616) was an English poet, playwright and actor, widely regarded as both the greatest writer in the English language, and the world's pre-eminent dramatist.
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References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bailiff
