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189 relations: Acre, Israel, Adelaide del Vasto, Adelina of Holland, Al-Afdal Shahanshah, Albert III, Count of Namur, Albert of Aix, Alexios I Komnenos, Ali ibn al-Athir, Allod, Amin Maalouf, Anatolia, Anointing, Antioch, Apollonia-Arsuf, Aqaba, Arda of Armenia, Arish, Armenians, Arnulf III, Count of Boulogne, Arnulf of Chocques, Arnulf, Count of Holland, Artuqids, Ashkelon, Atabeg, Baalbek, Baldwin II of Jerusalem, Baldwin II, Count of Boulogne, Baniyas, Battle of Al-Sannabra, Battle of Dorylaeum (1097), Battle of Ramla (1102), Battle of Ramla (1105), Battle of Shaizar, Beirut, Benefice, Berdan River, Bertrand, Count of Toulouse, Bethlehem, Bezant, Bigamy, Bishopric of Verdun, Bohemond I of Antioch, Byzantine Empire, Caesarea, Cambrai, Chalcedon, Charles, Duke of Lower Lorraine, Christopher Tyerman, Church of Saint Anne, Jerusalem, Church of the Holy Sepulchre, ..., Church of the Nativity, Cilicia, Citadel of Raymond de Saint-Gilles, Coloman, King of Hungary, Conches-en-Ouche, Council of Clermont, County of Apulia and Calabria, County of Edessa, County of Verdun, Crusade of 1101, Crusader states, Crusades, Dagobert of Pisa, Danishmend Gazi, Declaration of nullity, Doge of Venice, Duchy of Normandy, Duqaq, Eastern Orthodox Church, Edessa, Ereğli, Konya, Euphrates, Europäische Stammtafeln, Eustace I, Count of Boulogne, Eustace II, Count of Boulogne, Eustace III, Count of Boulogne, Evremar, Fatimid Caliphate, First Crusade, Fortress of Kaysun, Fulcher of Chartres, Gabriel of Melitene, Geldemar Carpenel, Gerberga of Lower Lorraine, Godfrey I, Count of Verdun, Godfrey III, Duke of Lower Lorraine, Godfrey of Bouillon, Godric of Finchale, Gothelo I, Duke of Lorraine, Gregorian Reform, Guynemer of Boulogne, Haifa, Hans Eberhard Mayer, Hebron, House of Flanders, Hugh of Fauquembergues, Hugh VI of Lusignan, Ida of Lorraine, Ifriqiya, Jerusalem, John II Komnenos, Jordan, Kahramanmaraş, Kerbogha, Kilij Arslan I, King of Jerusalem, Kingdom of Jerusalem, Kogh Vasil, Lambert I, Count of Louvain, Latin Patriarchate of Jerusalem, Liège, Liberal arts education, List of Byzantine emperors, List of rulers of Lorraine, Lutgardis of Luxemburg, Malatya, Malcolm Barber, Matthew of Edessa, Maurice of Porto, Mawdud, Monophysitism, Montreal (Crusader castle), Mopsuestia, Mosul, Mount Zion, Muhammad I Tapar, Nahr al-Kalb, Nicomedia, Nile Delta, Norman conquest of southern Italy, Ordelafo Faliero, Oultrejordain, Outremer, Palm Sunday, Pechenegs, Pelusium, People's Crusade, Peter the Hermit, Pharaoh's Island, Pons, Count of Tripoli, Pope Urban II, Prebendary, Principality of Antioch, Principality of Galilee, Qadi, Ramla, Raoul II of Tosny, Raymond IV, Count of Toulouse, Red Sea, Reginar III, Count of Hainaut, Reims, Republic of Genoa, Republic of Venice, Roger Borsa, Roger I of Sicily, Roger II of Sicily, Roger of Salerno, Rosh HaNikra grottoes, Samosata, Scandelion Castle, Seljuk Empire, Shia Islam, Sidon, Siege of Antioch, Siege of Sidon, Siege of Tripoli, Sigurd the Crusader, Stenay, Stephen, Count of Blois, Steven Runciman, Sultanate of Rum, Sunni Islam, Suruç, Tancred, Prince of Galilee, Tarsus, Mersin, Templum Domini, The Crusades Through Arab Eyes, Thomas Asbridge, Thoros of Edessa, Toghtekin, Tower of David, Tripoli, Lebanon, True Cross, Turbessel, Tyre, Lebanon, Vizier, Warner of Grez, William II Jordan, William of Tyre. Expand index (139 more) »
Acre, Israel
Acre (or, עַכּוֹ, ʻAko, most commonly spelled as Akko; عكّا, ʻAkkā) is a city in the coastal plain region of Israel's Northern District at the extremity of Haifa Bay.
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Adelaide del Vasto
Adelaide del Vasto (Adelasia, Azalaïs) (– 16 April 1118) was countess of Sicily as the third spouse of Roger I of Sicily, and Queen consort of Jerusalem by marriage to Baldwin I of Jerusalem.
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Adelina of Holland
Adelina of Holland (&ndash) was possibly a daughter of Arnulf, Count of Holland, and Lutgardis of Luxemburg.
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Al-Afdal Shahanshah
Al-Afdal Shahanshah (al-Afḍal Shāhanshāh; Lavendalius/Elafdalio; 1066 – December 11, 1121), born Abu al-Qasim Shahanshah ibn Badr al-Jamali and surnamed al-Malik al-Afdal ("the excellent king"), was a vizier of the Fatimid caliphs of Egypt.
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Albert III, Count of Namur
Albert III (born 1027; died 29 July 1102) was the Count of Namur from 1063 until his death.
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Albert of Aix
Albert of Aix(-la-Chapelle) or Albert of Aachen (floruit circa AD 1100), historian of the First Crusade, was born during the later part of the 11th century, and afterwards became canon (priest) and custos (guardian) of the church of Aachen.
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Alexios I Komnenos
Alexios I Komnenos (Ἀλέξιος Αʹ Κομνηνός., c. 1048 – 15 August 1118) was Byzantine emperor from 1081 to 1118.
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Ali ibn al-Athir
Abu al-Hassan Ali ibn Muhammad ibn Muhammad ash-Shaybani, better known as Ali 'Izz al-Din Ibn al-Athir al-Jazari (Arabic: علي عز الدین بن الاثیر الجزري) (1233–1160) was an Arab or Kurdish historian and biographer who wrote in Arabic and was from the Ibn Athir family.
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Allod
An allod (Old Low Franconian allōd ‘fully owned estate’, from all ‘full, entire’ and ōd ‘estate’, Medieval Latin allodium), also allodial land or allodium, refers, in the law of the Middle Ages and early Modern Period and especially within the Holy Roman Empire, to a freehold estate in land over which the allodial landowner (allodiary) had full ownership and right of alienation.
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Amin Maalouf
Amin Maalouf (أمين معلوف; born 25 February 1949) is an award-winning Lebanese-born French, Modern Arab writers.
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Anatolia
Anatolia (Modern Greek: Ανατολία Anatolía, from Ἀνατολή Anatolḗ,; "east" or "rise"), also known as Asia Minor (Medieval and Modern Greek: Μικρά Ἀσία Mikrá Asía, "small Asia"), Asian Turkey, the Anatolian peninsula, or the Anatolian plateau, is the westernmost protrusion of Asia, which makes up the majority of modern-day Turkey.
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Anointing
Anointing is the ritual act of pouring aromatic oil over a person's head or entire body.
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Antioch
Antioch on the Orontes (Antiókheia je epi Oróntou; also Syrian Antioch)Ἀντιόχεια ἡ ἐπὶ Ὀρόντου; or Ἀντιόχεια ἡ ἐπὶ Δάφνῃ, "Antioch on Daphne"; or Ἀντιόχεια ἡ Μεγάλη, "Antioch the Great"; Antiochia ad Orontem; Անտիոք Antiok; ܐܢܛܝܘܟܝܐ Anṭiokya; Hebrew: אנטיוכיה, Antiyokhya; Arabic: انطاكية, Anṭākiya; انطاکیه; Antakya.
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Apollonia-Arsuf
Apollonia (Greek Απολλωνία) was an ancient city in Hellenistic and Roman Judea, in the Byzantine period renamed to Sozusa (Σώζουσα, or Sozusa in Palaestina to differentiate it from Sozusa in Libya).
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Aqaba
Aqaba (العقبة) is the only coastal city in Jordan and the largest and most populous city on the Gulf of Aqaba.
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Arda of Armenia
Arda (Արդա; died after 1116) was the queen of the Jerusalem as the 2nd spouse of King Baldwin I of Jerusalem.
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Arish
Arish or el Arīsh (العريش, Hrinokorura) is the capital and largest city (with 164,830 inhabitants) of the Egyptian governorate of North Sinai, as well as the largest city on the entire Sinai Peninsula, lying on the Mediterranean coast of the Sinai peninsula, northeast of Cairo.
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Armenians
Armenians (հայեր, hayer) are an ethnic group native to the Armenian Highlands.
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Arnulf III, Count of Boulogne
Arnulf III of Boulogne († 990) was a son of Arnulf II, Count of Boulogne.
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Arnulf of Chocques
Arnulf of Chocques (died 1118) was a leading member of the clergy during the First Crusade, being made Latin Patriarch of Jerusalem in 1099 and again from 1112 to 1118.
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Arnulf, Count of Holland
Arnulf, also known as Aernout or Arnold succeeded his father in 988 as Count in Frisia.
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Artuqids
The Artquids or Artuqid dynasty (Modern Turkish: Artuklu Beyliği or Artıklılar, sometimes also spelled as Artukid, Ortoqid or Ortokid; Turkish plural: Artukoğulları; Azeri Turkish: Artıqlı) was a Turkmen dynasty that ruled in Eastern Anatolia, Northern Syria and Northern Iraq in the eleventh and twelfth centuries.
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Ashkelon
Ashkelon (also spelled Ashqelon and Ascalon; help; عَسْقَلَان) is a coastal city in the Southern District of Israel on the Mediterranean coast, south of Tel Aviv, and north of the border with the Gaza Strip.
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Atabeg
Atabeg, Atabek, or Atabey is a hereditary title of nobility of a Turkic origin, indicating a governor of a nation or province who was subordinate to a monarch and charged with raising the crown prince.
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Baalbek
Baalbek, properly Baʿalbek (بعلبك) and also known as Balbec, Baalbec or Baalbeck, is a city in the Anti-Lebanon foothills east of the Litani River in Lebanon's Beqaa Valley, about northeast of Beirut and about north of Damascus.
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Baldwin II of Jerusalem
Baldwin II, also known as Baldwin of Bourcq or Bourg (Baudouin; died 21 August 1131), was Count of Edessa from 1100 to 1118, and King of Jerusalem from 1118 until his death.
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Baldwin II, Count of Boulogne
Baldwin II of Boulogne (†) was a son of Arnulf III, Count of Boulogne, whom he succeeded as count of Boulogne.
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Baniyas
Baniyas (بانياس) is a city in Tartous Governorate, northwestern Syria, located 55 km south of Latakia (ancient Laodicea) and 35 km north of Tartous (ancient Tortosa).
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Battle of Al-Sannabra
In the Battle of Al-Sannabra (1113), a Crusader army led by King Baldwin I of Jerusalem was defeated by a Muslim army sent by the Sultan of the Seljuk Turks and commanded by Mawdud ibn Altuntash of Mosul.
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Battle of Dorylaeum (1097)
The Battle of Dorylaeum took place during the First Crusade on July 1, 1097, between the crusaders and the Seljuk Turks, near the city of Dorylaeum in Anatolia.
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Battle of Ramla (1102)
The second Battle of Ramla (or Ramleh) took place on 17 May 1102 between the Crusader Kingdom of Jerusalem and the Fatimids of Egypt.
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Battle of Ramla (1105)
The third Battle of Ramla (or Ramleh) took place on 27 August 1105 between the Crusader Kingdom of Jerusalem and the Fatimids of Egypt.
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Battle of Shaizar
In the Battle of Shaizar in 1111, a Crusader army commanded by King Baldwin I of Jerusalem and a Seljuk army led by Mawdud ibn Altuntash of Mosul fought to tactical draw but a withdrawal of Crusader forces.
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Beirut
Beirut (بيروت, Beyrouth) is the capital and largest city of Lebanon.
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Benefice
A benefice or living is a reward received in exchange for services rendered and as a retainer for future services.
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Berdan River
The Berdan River, also called the Tarsus River (Latin:Cydnus), is a river in Mersin Province, south Turkey.
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Bertrand, Count of Toulouse
Bertrand of Toulouse (or Bertrand of Tripoli) (died 1112) was count of Toulouse, and was the first count of Tripoli to rule in Tripoli itself.
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Bethlehem
Bethlehem (بيت لحم, "House of Meat"; בֵּית לֶחֶם,, "House of Bread";; Bethleem; initially named after Canaanite fertility god Lehem) is a Palestinian city located in the central West Bank, Palestine, about south of Jerusalem.
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Bezant
In the Middle Ages, the term bezant (Old French besant, from Latin bizantius aureus) was used in western Europe to describe several gold coins of the east, all derived ultimately from the Roman ''solidus''.
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Bigamy
In cultures that practice marital monogamy, bigamy is the act of entering into a marriage with one person while still legally married to another.
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Bishopric of Verdun
The Bishopric of Verdun was also a state of the Holy Roman Empire; it was located at the western edge of the Empire and was bordered by France, the Duchy of Luxembourg, and the Duchy of Bar.
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Bohemond I of Antioch
Bohemond I (3 March 1111) was the Prince of Taranto from 1089 to 1111 and the Prince of Antioch from 1098 to 1111.
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Byzantine Empire
The Byzantine Empire, also referred to as the Eastern Roman Empire and Byzantium, was the continuation of the Roman Empire in its eastern provinces during Late Antiquity and the Middle Ages, when its capital city was Constantinople (modern-day Istanbul, which had been founded as Byzantium).
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Caesarea
Caesarea (קֵיסָרְיָה, Kaysariya or Qesarya; قيسارية, Qaysaria; Καισάρεια) is a town in north-central Israel.
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Cambrai
Cambrai (Kimbré; Kamerijk; historically in English Camerick and Camericke) is a commune in the Nord department and in the Hauts-de-France region of France on the Scheldt river, which is known locally as the Escaut river.
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Chalcedon
Chalcedon (or;, sometimes transliterated as Chalkedon) was an ancient maritime town of Bithynia, in Asia Minor.
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Charles, Duke of Lower Lorraine
Charles (953–993) was the Duke of Lower Lorraine from 977 until his death.
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Christopher Tyerman
Christopher Tyerman is an academic historian focusing on the crusades.
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Church of Saint Anne, Jerusalem
The Church of Saint Anne (כנסיית סנטה אנה; Ecclesia S. Anna) is a Roman Catholic church, located at the start of the Via Dolorosa, near the Lions' Gate and churches of the Flagellation and Condemnation, in the Muslim Quarter of the old city of Jerusalem.
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Church of the Holy Sepulchre
The Church of the Holy Sepulchre (كَنِيسَةُ ٱلْقِيَامَة Kanīsatu al-Qiyāmah; Ναὸς τῆς Ἀναστάσεως Naos tes Anastaseos; Սուրբ Հարության տաճար Surb Harut'yan tač̣ar; Ecclesia Sancti Sepulchri; כנסיית הקבר, Knesiyat ha-Kever; also called the Church of the Resurrection or Church of the Anastasis by Orthodox Christians) is a church in the Christian Quarter of the Old City of Jerusalem.
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Church of the Nativity
The Church of the Nativity, also Basilica of the Nativity (كَنِيسَةُ ٱلْمَهْد; Βασιλική της Γεννήσεως; Սուրբ Ծննդյան տաճար; Basilica Nativitatis) is a basilica located in Bethlehem in the West Bank.
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Cilicia
In antiquity, Cilicia(Armenian: Կիլիկիա) was the south coastal region of Asia Minor and existed as a political entity from Hittite times into the Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia during the late Byzantine Empire.
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Citadel of Raymond de Saint-Gilles
The Citadel of Raymond de Saint-Gilles, also known as Qala'at Sanjil an Qala'at Tarablus in Arabic, is a citadel and fort on a hilltop in Tripoli, Lebanon.
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Coloman, King of Hungary
Coloman the Learned, also the Book-Lover or the Bookish (Könyves Kálmán; Koloman; Koloman Učený; 10703February 1116) was King of Hungary from 1095 and King of Croatia from 1097 until his death.
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Conches-en-Ouche
Conches-en-Ouches is a commune in the Eure département in northern France.
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Council of Clermont
The Council of Clermont was a mixed synod of ecclesiastics and laymen of the Catholic Church, called by Pope Urban II and held from 18 to 28 November 1095 at Clermont, Auvergne, at the time part of the Duchy of Aquitaine.
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County of Apulia and Calabria
The County of Apulia and Calabria, later the Duchy of Apulia and Calabria, was a Norman country founded by William of Hauteville in 1042 in the territories of Gargano, Capitanata, Apulia, Campania, and Vulture.
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County of Edessa
"Les Croisades, Origines et consequences", Claude Lebedel, p.50--> The County of Edessa was one of the Crusader states in the 12th century.
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County of Verdun
The County of Verdun was a medieval county in the Duchy of Lower Lorraine.
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Crusade of 1101
The Crusade of 1101 was a minor crusade of three separate movements, organized in 1100 and 1101 in the successful aftermath of the First Crusade.
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Crusader states
The Crusader states, also known as Outremer, were a number of mostly 12th- and 13th-century feudal Christian states created by Western European crusaders in Asia Minor, Greece and the Holy Land, and during the Northern Crusades in the eastern Baltic area.
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Crusades
The Crusades were a series of religious wars sanctioned by the Latin Church in the medieval period.
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Dagobert of Pisa
Dagobert (or Daibert or Daimbert) (died 1105) was the first Archbishop of Pisa and the second Latin Patriarch of Jerusalem after the city was captured in the First Crusade.
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Danishmend Gazi
Danishmend Gazi, full name Gümüştekin Danishmend Ahmed Gazi (دانشمند احمد غازی), Danishmend Taylu, or Malik Dānishmand Aḥmad Ghāzī (died 1104), was the founder of the beylik of Danishmends.
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Declaration of nullity
In the Catholic Church, a declaration of nullity, commonly called an annulment and less commonly a decree of nullity, is a judgment on the part of an ecclesiastical tribunal determining that a marriage was invalidly contracted or, less frequently, a judgment determining that ordination was invalidly conferred.
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Doge of Venice
The Doge of Venice (Doxe de Venexia; Doge di Venezia; all derived from Latin dūx, "military leader"), sometimes translated as Duke (compare the Italian Duca), was the chief magistrate and leader of the Most Serene Republic of Venice for 1,100 years (697–1797).
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Duchy of Normandy
The Duchy of Normandy grew out of the 911 Treaty of Saint-Clair-sur-Epte between King Charles III of West Francia and Rollo, leader of the Vikings.
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Duqaq
Abu Nasr Shams al-Muluk Duqaq (died June 8, 1104) was the Seljuq ruler of Damascus from 1095 to 1104.
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Eastern Orthodox Church
The Eastern Orthodox Church, also known as the Orthodox Church, or officially as the Orthodox Catholic Church, is the second-largest Christian Church, with over 250 million members.
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Edessa
Edessa (Ἔδεσσα; الرها ar-Ruhā; Şanlıurfa; Riha) was a city in Upper Mesopotamia, founded on an earlier site by Seleucus I Nicator ca.
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Ereğli, Konya
Ereğli is a town and district of Konya Province in the Central Anatolia region of Turkey.
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Euphrates
The Euphrates (Sumerian: Buranuna; 𒌓𒄒𒉣 Purattu; الفرات al-Furāt; ̇ܦܪܬ Pǝrāt; Եփրատ: Yeprat; פרת Perat; Fırat; Firat) is the longest and one of the most historically important rivers of Western Asia.
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Europäische Stammtafeln
Europäische Stammtafeln - German for European Family Trees - is a series of twenty-nine books which contain sets of genealogical tables of the most influential families of Medieval European history.
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Eustace I, Count of Boulogne
Eustace I, Count of Boulogne, was a nobleman and founder of the Boulogne branch of the House of Flanders.
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Eustace II, Count of Boulogne
Eustace II, (&ndash), also known as Eustace aux Gernons (with moustaches) Heather J. Tanner, ‘Eustace (II), count of Boulogne (d. c.1087)’, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004.
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Eustace III, Count of Boulogne
Eustace III (died c. 1125) was the count of Boulogne from 1087, succeeding his father Count Eustace II.
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Evremar
Ehremar or Ebramar or Evremar was Latin Patriarch of Jerusalem from 1102 to 1105 or 1107, and then Archbishop of Caesarea.
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Fatimid Caliphate
The Fatimid Caliphate was an Islamic caliphate that spanned a large area of North Africa, from the Red Sea in the east to the Atlantic Ocean in the west.
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First Crusade
The First Crusade (1095–1099) was the first of a number of crusades that attempted to recapture the Holy Land, called for by Pope Urban II at the Council of Clermont in 1095.
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Fortress of Kaysun
The Fortress of Kaysun (Keysun Kalesi) is located near the village of Çakırhüyük, which used to be named Keysun, in the Adıyaman Province of rural southeastern Turkey.
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Fulcher of Chartres
Fulcher of Chartres (1059 in or near Chartres - after 1128) was a priest and participated in the First Crusade.
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Gabriel of Melitene
Gabriel of Melitene (died 1102/3) was the ruler of Melitene (modern Malatya).
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Geldemar Carpenel
Geldemar Carpenel (Waldemar) (died 7 September 1101), of unknown parentage.
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Gerberga of Lower Lorraine
Gerberga of Lower Lorraine, Countess of Louvain, was the daughter of Charles, Duke of Lower Lorraine, himself the son of Louis IV of France and Gerberga of Saxony.
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Godfrey I, Count of Verdun
Godfrey I (died 1002), called the Prisoner or the Captive (le Captif), sometimes the Old (le Vieux), was the count of Bidgau and Methingau from 959 and the count of Verdun from 963 to his death.
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Godfrey III, Duke of Lower Lorraine
Godfrey III (–1069), called the Bearded, was the eldest son of Gothelo I, Duke of Upper and Lower Lorraine.
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Godfrey of Bouillon
Godfrey of Bouillon (18 September 1060 – 18 July 1100) was a Frankish knight and one of the leaders of the First Crusade from 1096 until its conclusion in 1099.
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Godric of Finchale
St Godric of Finchale (or St Goderic) (c. 1065 – 21 May 1170) was an English hermit, merchant and popular medieval saint, although he was never formally canonised.
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Gothelo I, Duke of Lorraine
Gothelo (or Gozelo) (– 19 April 1044), called the Great, was the duke of Lower Lorraine from 1023 and of Upper Lorraine from 1033.
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Gregorian Reform
The Gregorian Reforms were a series of reforms initiated by Pope Gregory VII and the circle he formed in the papal curia, c. 1050–80, which dealt with the moral integrity and independence of the clergy.
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Guynemer of Boulogne
Guynemer or Guinemerz was a Boulognese pirate who played a role in the First Crusade.
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Haifa
Haifa (חֵיפָה; حيفا) is the third-largest city in Israel – after Jerusalem and Tel Aviv– with a population of in.
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Hans Eberhard Mayer
Hans Eberhard Mayer (born 2 February 1932 in Nuremberg) is a German historian.
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Hebron
Hebron (الْخَلِيل; חֶבְרוֹן) is a Palestinian.
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House of Flanders
The House of Flanders - also called the Baldwins (Lat. Balduini, Fr. Baudouinides) - was founded by Baldwin I Iron Arm, husband of Judith, daughter of Charles the Bald.
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Hugh of Fauquembergues
Hugh of Fauquembergues, also known as Hugh of St Omer, Hugh of Falkenberg, or Hugh of Falchenberg (Hugo de Falchenberch; died in 1105 or 1106) was Prince of Galilee from 1101 to his death.
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Hugh VI of Lusignan
Hugh VI (c. 1039/1043 – c. 1103/1110), called the Devil, was the Lord of Lusignan and Count of La Marche (as Hugh I), the son and successor of Hugh V of Lusignan and Almodis de la Marche.
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Ida of Lorraine
Ida of Lorraine (also referred to as Blessed Ida of Boulogne) (c. 1040 – 13 April 1113) was a saint and noblewoman.
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Ifriqiya
Ifriqiya or Ifriqiyah or el-Maghrib el-Adna (Lower West) was the area during medieval history that comprises what is today Tunisia, Tripolitania (western Libya) and the Constantinois (eastern Algeria); all part of what was previously included in the Africa Province of the Roman Empire.
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Jerusalem
Jerusalem (יְרוּשָׁלַיִם; القُدس) is a city in the Middle East, located on a plateau in the Judaean Mountains between the Mediterranean and the Dead Sea.
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John II Komnenos
John II Komnenos or Comnenus (Ίωάννης Βʹ Κομνηνός, Iōannēs II Komnēnos; 13 September 1087 – 8 April 1143) was Byzantine Emperor from 1118 to 1143.
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Jordan
Jordan (الْأُرْدُنّ), officially the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan (المملكة الأردنية الهاشمية), is a sovereign Arab state in Western Asia, on the East Bank of the Jordan River.
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Kahramanmaraş
Kahramanmaraş is a city in the Mediterranean Region, Turkey and the administrative center of Kahramanmaraş Province.
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Kerbogha
Kerbogha (كربغا, Kürboğa) was Atabeg of Mosul during the First Crusade and was renowned as a soldier.
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Kilij Arslan I
Kilij Arslan (قِلِج اَرسلان; قلج ارسلان Qilij Arslān; Modern Turkish: Kılıç Arslan, meaning "Sword Lion") (‎1079–1107) was the Seljuq Sultan of Rûm from 1092 until his death in 1107.
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King of Jerusalem
The King of Jerusalem was the supreme ruler of the Kingdom of Jerusalem, the Crusader state founded by Christian princes in 1099 when the First Crusade took the city.
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Kingdom of Jerusalem
The Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem was a crusader state established in the Southern Levant by Godfrey of Bouillon in 1099 after the First Crusade.
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Kogh Vasil
Kogh Vasil, or Vasil the Robber (died on 12 October 1112), was the Armenian ruler of Raban and Kaisun at the time of the First Crusade.
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Lambert I, Count of Louvain
Lambert I of Louvain nicknamed "The Bearded" (born in Louvain, Duchy of Lotharingia, East Francia c. 950, died in Florennes, County of Namur, Duchy of Lower Lorraine, Holy Roman Empire on 12 September 1015) was the first Count of Louvain in 1003.
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Latin Patriarchate of Jerusalem
Latin Patriarchate of Jerusalem (Patriarchatus Latinus Hierosolymitanus) is the title of the see of Catholic Archbishop of Jerusalem.
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Liège
Liège (Lidje; Luik,; Lüttich) is a major Walloon city and municipality and the capital of the Belgian province of Liège. The city is situated in the valley of the Meuse, in the east of Belgium, not far from borders with the Netherlands (Maastricht is about to the north) and with Germany (Aachen is about north-east). At Liège, the Meuse meets the River Ourthe. The city is part of the sillon industriel, the former industrial backbone of Wallonia. It still is the principal economic and cultural centre of the region. The Liège municipality (i.e. the city proper) includes the former communes of Angleur, Bressoux, Chênée, Glain, Grivegnée, Jupille-sur-Meuse, Rocourt, and Wandre. In November 2012, Liège had 198,280 inhabitants. The metropolitan area, including the outer commuter zone, covers an area of 1,879 km2 (725 sq mi) and had a total population of 749,110 on 1 January 2008. Population of all municipalities in Belgium on 1 January 2008. Retrieved on 2008-10-19. Definitions of metropolitan areas in Belgium. The metropolitan area of Liège is divided into three levels. First, the central agglomeration (agglomeratie) with 480,513 inhabitants (2008-01-01). Adding the closest surroundings (banlieue) gives a total of 641,591. And, including the outer commuter zone (forensenwoonzone) the population is 810,983. Retrieved on 2008-10-19. This includes a total of 52 municipalities, among others, Herstal and Seraing. Liège ranks as the third most populous urban area in Belgium, after Brussels and Antwerp, and the fourth municipality after Antwerp, Ghent and Charleroi.
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Liberal arts education
Liberal arts education (from Latin "free" and "art or principled practice") can claim to be the oldest programme of higher education in Western history.
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List of Byzantine emperors
This is a list of the Byzantine emperors from the foundation of Constantinople in 330 AD, which marks the conventional start of the Byzantine Empire (or the Eastern Roman Empire), to its fall to the Ottoman Empire in 1453 AD.
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List of rulers of Lorraine
The rulers of Lorraine have held different posts under different governments over different regions.
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Lutgardis of Luxemburg
Lutgardis of Luxembourg, also known as Liutgardis, Liutgarde and Lutgard, (955 – ca. 1005 or possibly later) was a countess consort of Holland by marriage to Arnulf, Count of Holland.
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Malatya
Malatya (Մալաթիա Malat'ya; Meletî; ܡܠܝܛܝܢܐ Malīṭīná; مالاتيا) is a large city in the Eastern Anatolia region of Turkey and the capital of Malatya Province.
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Malcolm Barber
Malcolm Charles Barber (born 4 March 1943) is a British scholar of medieval history, described as the world's leading living expert on the Knights Templar.
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Matthew of Edessa
Matthew of Edessa (Matteos Uṛhayetsi; born in the second half of the 11th century – 1144) was an Armenian historian in the 12th century from the city of Edessa (Uṛha).
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Maurice of Porto
Maurice (Latin Mauritius, Italian Maurizio) was the cardinal-bishop of Porto e Santa Rufina from between 1095 and 1099 until 1102.
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Mawdud
Mawdud ibn Altuntash (also spelled Maudud or Sharaf al-Dawla Mawdûd) (died October 2, 1113) was a Turkic military leader who was atabeg of Mosul from 1109 to 1113.
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Monophysitism
Monophysitism (or; Greek: μονοφυσιτισμός; Late Koine Greek from μόνος monos, "only, single" and φύσις physis, "nature") is the Christological position that, after the union of the divine and the human in the historical incarnation, Jesus Christ, as the incarnation of the eternal Son or Word (Logos) of God, had only a single "nature" which was either divine or a synthesis of divine and human.
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Montreal (Crusader castle)
Montreal is a Crusader castle on the eastern side of the Arabah, perched on the side of a rocky, conical mountain, looking out over fruit trees below.
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Mopsuestia
Mopsuestia (Μοψουεστία Mopsou(h)estia; Byzantine: Mamista, Manistra; Arabic: al-Maṣṣīṣah; Armenian: Msis, Mises, Mam(u)estia; Frankish: Mamistra) is an ancient city in Cilicia Campestris on the Pyramus River (now Ceyhan River) located approximately east of ancient Antiochia in Cilicia (present-day Adana, southern Turkey).
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Mosul
Mosul (الموصل, مووسڵ, Māwṣil) is a major city in northern Iraq. Located some north of Baghdad, Mosul stands on the west bank of the Tigris, opposite the ancient Assyrian city of Nineveh on the east bank. The metropolitan area has grown to encompass substantial areas on both the "Left Bank" (east side) and the "Right Bank" (west side), as the two banks are described by the locals compared to the flow direction of Tigris. At the start of the 21st century, Mosul and its surrounds had an ethnically and religiously diverse population; the majority of Mosul's population were Arabs, with Assyrians, Armenians, Turkmens, Kurds, Yazidis, Shabakis, Mandaeans, Kawliya, Circassians in addition to other, smaller ethnic minorities. In religious terms, mainstream Sunni Islam was the largest religion, but with a significant number of followers of the Salafi movement and Christianity (the latter followed by the Assyrians and Armenians), as well as Shia Islam, Sufism, Yazidism, Shabakism, Yarsanism and Mandaeism. Mosul's population grew rapidly around the turn of the millennium and by 2004 was estimated to be 1,846,500. In 2014, the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant seized control of the city. The Iraqi government recaptured it in the 2016–2017 Battle of Mosul. Historically, important products of the area include Mosul marble and oil. The city of Mosul is home to the University of Mosul and its renowned Medical College, which together was one of the largest educational and research centers in Iraq and the Middle East. Mosul, together with the nearby Nineveh plains, is one of the historic centers for the Assyrians and their churches; the Assyrian Church of the East; its offshoot, the Chaldean Catholic Church; and the Syriac Orthodox Church, containing the tombs of several Old Testament prophets such as Jonah, some of which were destroyed by ISIL in July 2014.
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Mount Zion
Mount Zion (הַר צִיּוֹן, Har Tsiyyon; جبل صهيون, Jabal Sahyoun) is a hill in Jerusalem just outside the walls of the Old City.
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Muhammad I Tapar
Muhammad I (also known as Ghiyath ad-Din Muhammad or Muhammad Tapar, died 1118) was a son of Seljuq Sultan Malik Shah I. In Turkish, Tapar means "he who obtains, finds".
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Nahr al-Kalb
The Nahr al-Kalb (نهر الكلب, meaning Dog River) is a river in Lebanon.
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Nicomedia
Nicomedia (Νικομήδεια, Nikomedeia; modern İzmit) was an ancient Greek city in what is now Turkey.
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Nile Delta
The Nile Delta (دلتا النيل or simply الدلتا) is the delta formed in Northern Egypt (Lower Egypt) where the Nile River spreads out and drains into the Mediterranean Sea.
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Norman conquest of southern Italy
The Norman conquest of southern Italy lasted from 999 to 1139, involving many battles and independent conquerors.
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Ordelafo Faliero
Ordelafo Faliero de Doni (or Dodoni) (d. Zara, 1117) was the 34th Doge of Venice.
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Oultrejordain
The Lordship of Oultrejordain or Oultrejourdain (Old French for "beyond the Jordan", also called Lordship of Montreal) was the name used during the Crusades for an extensive and partly undefined region to the east of the Jordan River, an area known in ancient times as Edom and Moab.
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Outremer
Outremer (outre-mer, meaning "overseas") was a general name used for the Crusader states; it originated after victories of Europeans in the First Crusade and was applied to the County of Edessa, the Principality of Antioch, the County of Tripoli, and especially the Kingdom of Jerusalem.
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Palm Sunday
Palm Sunday is a Christian moveable feast that falls on the Sunday before Easter.
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Pechenegs
The Pechenegs or Patzinaks were a semi-nomadic Turkic people from Central Asia speaking the Pecheneg language which belonged to the Oghuz branch of Turkic language family.
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Pelusium
Pelusium (الفرما; Ⲡⲉⲣⲉⲙⲟⲩⲛ or Ⲡⲉⲣⲉⲙⲟⲩⲏ), was an important city in the eastern extremes of Egypt's Nile Delta, 30 km to the southeast of the modern Port Said, becoming a Roman provincial capital and Metropolitan archbishopric, remaining a multiple Catholic titular see.
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People's Crusade
The People's Crusade was a popular crusade and a prelude to the First Crusade that lasted roughly six months from April to October 1096.
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Peter the Hermit
Peter the Hermit (also known as Cucupeter, Little Peter or Peter of Amiens; 1050 – 8 July 1115) was a priest of Amiens and a key figure during the First Crusade.
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Pharaoh's Island
Pharaoh's Island (جزيرة فرعون Jazīrat Fira‘wn) or Isle of Graia refers to an island in the northern Gulf of Aqaba some 200 meters east off the shore of Egypt's eastern Sinai Peninsula.
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Pons, Count of Tripoli
Pons (1098 – 25 March 1137) was count of Tripoli from 1112 to 1137.
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Pope Urban II
Pope Urban II (Urbanus II; – 29 July 1099), born Odo of Châtillon or Otho de Lagery, was Pope from 12 March 1088 to his death in 1099.
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Prebendary
tags--> A prebendary is a senior member of clergy, normally supported by the revenues from an estate or parish.
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Principality of Antioch
The Principality of Antioch was one of the crusader states created during the First Crusade which included parts of modern-day Turkey and Syria.
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Principality of Galilee
The Principality of Galilee was one of the four major seigneuries of the crusader Kingdom of Jerusalem, according to 13th-century commentator John of Ibelin.
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Qadi
A qadi (قاضي; also cadi, kadi or kazi) is the magistrate or judge of the Shariʿa court, who also exercises extrajudicial functions, such as mediation, guardianship over orphans and minors, and supervision and auditing of public works.
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Ramla
Ramla (רַמְלָה, Ramla; الرملة, ar-Ramlah) (also Ramlah, Ramle, Remle and sometimes Rama) is a city in central Israel.
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Raoul II of Tosny
Raoul II de Tosnyseigneur de Conches-en-Ouche (died 9 April 1102) was a Norman nobleman of the House of Tosny, son of Roger I of Tosny.
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Raymond IV, Count of Toulouse
Raymond IV (1041 – 28 February 1105), sometimes called Raymond of Saint-Gilles or Raymond I of Tripoli, was a powerful noble in southern France and one of the leaders of the First Crusade (1096–99).
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Red Sea
The Red Sea (also the Erythraean Sea) is a seawater inlet of the Indian Ocean, lying between Africa and Asia.
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Reginar III, Count of Hainaut
Reginar III (c. 920 – 973) was Count of Hainaut from 940 to 958.
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Reims
Reims (also spelled Rheims), a city in the Grand Est region of France, lies east-northeast of Paris.
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Republic of Genoa
The Republic of Genoa (Repúbrica de Zêna,; Res Publica Ianuensis; Repubblica di Genova) was an independent state from 1005 to 1797 in Liguria on the northwestern Italian coast, incorporating Corsica from 1347 to 1768, and numerous other territories throughout the Mediterranean.
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Republic of Venice
The Republic of Venice (Repubblica di Venezia, later: Repubblica Veneta; Repùblica de Venèsia, later: Repùblica Vèneta), traditionally known as La Serenissima (Most Serene Republic of Venice) (Serenissima Repubblica di Venezia; Serenìsima Repùblica Vèneta), was a sovereign state and maritime republic in northeastern Italy, which existed for a millennium between the 8th century and the 18th century.
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Roger Borsa
Roger Borsa (1060/61 – 22 February 1111) was the Norman Duke of Apulia and Calabria and effective ruler of southern Italy from 1085 until his death.
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Roger I of Sicily
Roger I (– 22 June 1101), nicknamed Roger Bosso and The Great Count, was a Norman nobleman who became the first Count of Sicily from 1071 to 1101.
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Roger II of Sicily
Roger II (22 December 1095Houben, p. 30. – 26 February 1154) was King of Sicily, son of Roger I of Sicily and successor to his brother Simon.
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Roger of Salerno
Roger of Salerno (or Roger of the Principate) (died June 28, 1119) was regent of the Principality of Antioch from 1112 to 1119.
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Rosh HaNikra grottoes
Rosh HaNikra or Hanikra (ראש הנקרה, "Head of the Grottoes"; رأس الناقورة, Ras an-Nakura) is a geologic formation on the border between Israel and Lebanon, located on the coast of the Mediterranean Sea, in the Western Galilee.
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Samosata
Samosata (Armenian: Շամուշատ, Shamushat, Σαμόσατα Samósata, ܫܡܝܫܛ šmīšaṭ) was an ancient city on the right (west) bank of the Euphrates, whose ruins exist at the previous location of the modern city of Samsat, Adıyaman Province, Turkey but are no longer accessible as the site was flooded by the newly constructed Atatürk Dam.
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Scandelion Castle
'Crusaders took the city of Iskandarouna, or Scandelion, in 1124.
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Seljuk Empire
The Seljuk Empire (also spelled Seljuq) (آل سلجوق) was a medieval Turko-Persian Sunni Muslim empire, originating from the Qiniq branch of Oghuz Turks.
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Shia Islam
Shia (شيعة Shīʿah, from Shīʻatu ʻAlī, "followers of Ali") is a branch of Islam which holds that the Islamic prophet Muhammad designated Ali ibn Abi Talib as his successor (Imam), most notably at the event of Ghadir Khumm.
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Sidon
Sidon (صيدا, صيدون,; French: Saida; Phoenician: 𐤑𐤃𐤍, Ṣīdūn; Biblical Hebrew:, Ṣīḏōn; Σιδών), translated to 'fishery' or 'fishing-town', is the third-largest city in Lebanon.
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Siege of Antioch
The Siege of Antioch took place during the First Crusade in 1097 and 1098.
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Siege of Sidon
The Siege of Sidon was an event in the aftermath of the First Crusade.
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Siege of Tripoli
The Siege of Tripoli lasted from 1102 until July 12, 1109.
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Sigurd the Crusader
Sigurd I Magnusson (c. 1090 – 26 March 1130), also known as Sigurd the Crusader (Old Norse: Sigurðr Jórsalafari, Norwegian: Sigurd Jorsalfar), was King of Norway from 1103 to 1130.
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Stenay
Stenay is a commune in the Meuse department in Grand Est in north-eastern France.
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Stephen, Count of Blois
Stephen II Henry (in French, Étienne Henri, in Medieval French, Estienne Henri; – 19 May 1102), Count of Blois and Count of Chartres, was the son of Theobald III, count of Blois, and Gersent of Le Mans.
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Steven Runciman
Sir James Cochran Stevenson Runciman, CH, FBA (7 July 1903 – 1 November 2000), known as Steven Runciman, was an English historian best known for his three-volume A History of the Crusades (1951–54).
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Sultanate of Rum
The Sultanate of Rûm (also known as the Rûm sultanate (سلجوقیان روم, Saljuqiyān-e Rum), Anatolian Seljuk Sultanate, Sultanate of Iconium, Anatolian Seljuk State (Anadolu Selçuklu Devleti) or Turkey Seljuk State (Türkiye Selçuklu Devleti)) was a Turko-Persian Sunni Muslim state established in the parts of Anatolia which had been conquered from the Byzantine Empire by the Seljuk Empire, which was established by the Seljuk Turks.
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Sunni Islam
Sunni Islam is the largest denomination of Islam.
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Suruç
Suruç (italic) is a rural district and city of Şanlıurfa Province of Turkey, on a plain near the Syrian border south-west of the city of Urfa (36° 58' 33.9" N, 38° 25' 32.8" E).
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Tancred, Prince of Galilee
Tancred (1075 – December 5 or December 12, 1112) was an Italo-Norman leader of the First Crusade who later became Prince of Galilee and regent of the Principality of Antioch.
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Tarsus, Mersin
Tarsus (Hittite: Tarsa; Greek: Ταρσός Tarsós; Armenian: Տարսոն Tarson; תרשיש Ṭarśīś; طَرَسُوس Ṭarsūs) is a historic city in south-central Turkey, 20 km inland from the Mediterranean.
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Templum Domini
The Templum Domini (Vulgate translation of Hebrew: 'הֵיכָל ה "Temple of the Lord") was the name attributed by the Crusaders to the Dome of the Rock in Jerusalem.
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The Crusades Through Arab Eyes
The Crusades Through Arab Eyes (Les Croisades vues par les Arabes) is a French language historical essay by Lebanese author Amin Maalouf.
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Thomas Asbridge
Thomas Asbridge is a medieval history scholar at Queen Mary University of London and has been since 1999.
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Thoros of Edessa
Thoros (short in Armenian for Theodoros; Թորոս կուրապաղատ, T'oros the Curopalates; d. March 9, 1098) was an Armenian ruler of Edessa at the time of the First Crusade.
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Toghtekin
Toghtekin (Modern Tuğtekin; Arabicised epithet: ظاهر الدين طغتكين Zahir ad-Din Toghtekin; died February 12, 1128), also spelled Tughtigin, was a Turkic military leader, who was atabeg of Damascus from 1104 to 1128.
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Tower of David
The Tower of David (מגדל דוד, Migdal David, برج داود, Burj Daud), also known as the Jerusalem Citadel, is an ancient citadel located near the Jaffa Gate entrance to western edge of the Old City of Jerusalem.
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Tripoli, Lebanon
Tripoli (طرابلس / ALA-LC: Ṭarābulus; Lebanese Arabic: Ṭrāblos; Trablusşam) is the largest city in northern Lebanon and the second-largest city in the country.
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True Cross
The True Cross is the name for physical remnants which, by a Christian Church tradition, are said to be from the cross upon which Jesus was crucified.
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Turbessel
Turbessel (Tel Bshir, Tell Bāshir or Tel-Basheir, translit, Tilbeşar or Tilbaraş Kalesi) is a fortress and bronze-age tumulus in south-eastern Turkey, near the village of Gündoğan in the district of Oğuzeli, within Gaziantep Province.
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Tyre, Lebanon
Tyre (صور, Ṣūr; Phoenician:, Ṣūr; צוֹר, Ṣōr; Tiberian Hebrew, Ṣōr; Akkadian:, Ṣurru; Greek: Τύρος, Týros; Sur; Tyrus, Տիր, Tir), sometimes romanized as Sour, is a district capital in the South Governorate of Lebanon.
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Vizier
A vizier (rarely; وزير wazīr; وازیر vazīr; vezir; Chinese: 宰相 zǎixiàng; উজির ujira; Hindustani (Hindi-Urdu): वज़ीर or وزیر vazeer; Punjabi: ਵਜ਼ੀਰ or وزير vazīra, sometimes spelt vazir, vizir, vasir, wazir, vesir or vezir) is a high-ranking political advisor or minister.
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Warner of Grez
Warner of Grez (also Werner or Garnier of Grey or Gray) (died July 23, 1100) Count of Grez, was a French nobleman from Grez-Doiceau, currently in Walloon Brabant in Belgium.
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William II Jordan
William II Jordan (Guillem Jordà; Guilhèm Jordan) (died 1109) was the Count of Berga beginning in 1094, the Count of Cerdanya beginning in 1095, and Regent of the County of Tripoli beginning in 1105.
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William of Tyre
William of Tyre (Willelmus Tyrensis; 1130 – 29 September 1186) was a medieval prelate and chronicler.
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Redirects here:
Baldwin I of Edessa, Baldwin I, King of Jerusalem, Baldwin i of jerusalem, Baldwin of Boulogne, Baudouin of Antioch, Latin king of Jerusalem Baldwin I.
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baldwin_I_of_Jerusalem
