Battle of Messines (1917)

The Battle of Messines was conducted by the British Second Army (General Sir Herbert Plumer), on the Western Front near the village of Messines in West Flanders, Belgium, during the First World War. ^[1]

Albatros D.III

The Albatros D.III was a biplane fighter aircraft used by the Imperial German Army Air Service (Luftstreitkräfte) during World War I. A modified licence model was built by Oeffag for the Austro-Hungarian Air Service (''Luftfahrtruppen'').

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Alexander Godley

General Sir Alexander John Godley, (4 February 1867 – 6 March 1957) was a senior British Army officer.

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Alexander Hamilton-Gordon (British Army officer, born 1859)

Lieutenant General Sir Alexander Hamilton-Gordon KCB (6 July 1859 – 13 February 1939) was a British general during World War I.

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Ammonal

Ammonal is an explosive made up of ammonium nitrate and aluminium powder, not to be confused with T-ammonal which contains trinitrotoluene as well to increase properties such as brisance.

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Artillery

Artillery is a class of large military weapons built to fire munitions far beyond the range and power of infantry's small arms.

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Artillery observer

A military artillery observer or spotter or FO (forward observer) is responsible for directing artillery and mortar fire onto a target, and may be a Forward Air Controller (FAC) for close air support and spotter for naval gunfire support.

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Assault pioneer

An Assault Pioneer is an infantry soldier who is responsible for.

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B. H. Liddell Hart

Sir Basil Henry Liddell Hart (31 October 1895 – 29 January 1970), commonly known throughout most of his career as Captain B. H. Liddell Hart, was a British soldier, military historian and military theorist.

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Barrage (artillery)

A barrage is massed artillery fire aimed at points, typically apart, along one or more lines that can be from a few hundred to several thousand yards long.

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Battle of Arras (1917)

The Battle of Arras (also known as the Second Battle of Arras) was a British offensive on the Western Front during World War I. From 9 April to 16 May 1917, British troops attacked German defences near the French city of Arras on the Western Front.

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Battle of Passchendaele

The Battle of Passchendaele (Flandernschlacht, Deuxième Bataille des Flandres), also known as the Third Battle of Ypres, was a campaign of the First World War, fought by the Allies against the German Empire.

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Battle of the Somme

The Battle of the Somme (Bataille de la Somme, Schlacht an der Somme), also known as the Somme Offensive, was a battle of the First World War fought by the armies of the British Empire and France against the German Empire.

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Battle of Verdun

The Battle of Verdun (Bataille de Verdun,, Schlacht um Verdun), fought from 21 February to 18 December 1916, was the largest and longest battle of the First World War on the Western Front between the German and French armies.

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Battle of Vimy Ridge

The Battle of Vimy Ridge was part of the Battle of Arras, in the Nord-Pas-de-Calais region of France, during the First World War.

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Belgium

Belgium, officially the Kingdom of Belgium, is a country in Western Europe bordered by France, the Netherlands, Germany and Luxembourg.

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BL 6-inch 26 cwt howitzer

The Ordnance BL 6 inch 26cwt howitzer was a British howitzer used during World War I and World War II.

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BL 8-inch howitzer Mk VI – VIII

The BL 8-inch howitzer Marks VI, VII and VIII (6, 7 and 8)Britain used Roman numerals to designate Marks (i.e. models) of ordnance until after World War II.

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Bounding overwatch

Bounding overwatch (also known as leapfrogging, moving overwatch, or "The Buddy System") is a military tactic of alternating movement of coordinated units to allow, if necessary, suppressive fire in support of offensive forward "Fire and Movement" or defensive "Center Peel" disengagement.

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Breastwork (fortification)

A breastwork is a temporary fortification, often an earthwork thrown up to breast height to provide protection to defenders firing over it from a standing position.

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Bristol F.2 Fighter

The Bristol F.2 Fighter was a British two-seat biplane fighter and reconnaissance aircraft of the First World War developed by Frank Barnwell at the Bristol Aeroplane Company.

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Calibration

Calibration in measurement technology and metrology is the comparison of measurement values delivered by a device under test with those of a calibration standard of known accuracy.

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Camouflet

A camouflet, in military science, is an artificial cavern created by an explosion.

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Captain (armed forces)

The army rank of captain (from the French capitaine) is a commissioned officer rank historically corresponding to the command of a company of soldiers.

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Clay

Clay is a finely-grained natural rock or soil material that combines one or more clay minerals with possible traces of quartz (SiO2), metal oxides (Al2O3, MgO etc.) and organic matter.

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Commonwealth War Graves Commission

The Commonwealth War Graves Commission (CWGC) is an intergovernmental organisation of six independent member states whose principal function is to mark, record and maintain the graves and places of commemoration of Commonwealth of Nations military service members who died in the two World Wars.

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Counter-battery fire

Counter-battery fire (sometimes called counter-fire) is a battlefield military activity to defeat the enemy's indirect fire elements (guns, rocket launchers, artillery and mortars), including their target acquisition, command and control components.

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Dogfight

A dogfight, or dog fight, is an aerial battle between fighter aircraft, conducted at close range.

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Douglas Haig, 1st Earl Haig

Field Marshal Douglas Haig, 1st Earl Haig, (19 June 1861 – 29 January 1928), was a senior officer of the British Army.

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Dublin

Dublin is the capital of and largest city in Ireland.

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Eingreif division

Eingreif division is a term for a type of German Army formation of World War I, which developed in 1917, which was responsible for engaging in immediate counter-attacks (''Gegenstoße'') against enemy troops who broke through a defensive position being held by a front-holding division (Stellungsdivision).

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Enfilade and defilade

Enfilade and defilade are concepts in military tactics used to describe a military formation's exposure to enemy fire.

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Field artillery

Field artillery is a category of mobile artillery used to support armies in the field.

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Fire and movement

Fire and movement, or fire and maneuver, is the basic modern military low-level unit tactic used to maneuver on the battlefield in the presence of the enemy, especially when under fire.

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Flash spotting

Flash spotting was a military method of detecting the position of enemy guns at long range where the gun could not be observed directly, and was developed during World War I. The flashes could be observed at night as reflections from the sky.

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French language

French (le français or la langue française) is a Romance language of the Indo-European family.

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Friedrich Sixt von Armin

Friedrich Bertram Sixt von Armin (27 November 1851 – 30 September 1936) was a German general who participated in the Franco-Prussian War and the First World War.

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General (United Kingdom)

General (or full general to distinguish it from the lower general officer ranks) is the highest rank currently achievable by serving officers of the British Army.

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Guards Division (United Kingdom)

The Guards Division was an infantry division of the British Army that was formed in the Great War in France in 1915 from battalions of the elite Guards regiments from the Regular Army.

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Halberstadt D.II

The Halberstadt D.II was a biplane fighter aircraft developed and manufactured by German aircraft company Halberstädter Flugzeugwerke.

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Heligoland

Heligoland (Helgoland; Heligolandic Frisian: deät Lun, Mooring Frisian: Hålilönj) is a small German archipelago in the North Sea.

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Herbert Plumer, 1st Viscount Plumer

Field Marshal Herbert Charles Onslow Plumer, 1st Viscount Plumer, (13 March 1857 – 16 July 1932) was a senior British Army officer of the First World War.

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Hermann von Kuhl

Hermann Josef von Kuhl (2 November 1856 – 4 November 1958) was a Prussian military officer, member of the German General Staff, and a Generalleutnant during World War I. One of the most competent commanders in the German Army, he retired in 1919 to write a number of critically acclaimed essays on the war.

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Hill 60 (Ypres)

Hill 60 is a World War I battlefield memorial site and park in the Zwarteleen area of Zillebeke south of Ypres, Belgium.

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Howitzer

A howitzer is a type of artillery piece characterized by a relatively short barrel and the use of comparatively small propellant charges to propel projectiles over relatively high trajectories, with a steep angle of descent.

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Hyperbole

Hyperbole (ὑπερβολή, huperbolḗ, from ὑπέρ (hupér, "above") and βάλλω (bállō, "I throw")) is the use of exaggeration as a rhetorical device or figure of speech.

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II ANZAC Corps

The II ANZAC Corps (Second Anzac Corps) was an Australian and New Zealand First World War army corps formed in Egypt in February 1916 as part of the reorganization of the Australian Imperial Force following the evacuation of Gallipoli in November 1915, under the command of William Birdwood.

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Infiltration tactics

In warfare, infiltration tactics involve small independent light infantry forces advancing into enemy rear areas, bypassing enemy front-line strongpoints, possibly isolating them for attack by follow-up troops with heavier weapons.

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Irish Parliamentary Party

The Irish Parliamentary Party (IPP; commonly called the Irish Party or the Home Rule Party) was formed in 1874 by Isaac Butt, the leader of the Nationalist Party, replacing the Home Rule League, as official parliamentary party for Irish nationalist Members of Parliament (MPs) elected to the House of Commons at Westminster within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland up until 1918.

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IX Corps (United Kingdom)

IX Corps was a corps-sized formation of the British Army that existed during World War I and World War II.

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Jagdgeschwader 1 (World War I)

Jagdgeschwader 1 (JG 1) of World War I, was a fighter wing of the German Luftstreitkräfte, comprising four Jastas (fighter squadrons).

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James Edward Edmonds

Brigadier General Sir James Edward Edmonds (25 December 1861 – 2 August 1956) was a British First World War officer of the Royal Engineers.

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John Carroll (VC)

John Carroll, VC (16 August 1891 – 4 October 1971) was an Australian recipient of the Victoria Cross, the highest award for gallantry in the face of the enemy awarded to British and Commonwealth forces.

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Lance corporal

Lance corporal is a military rank, used by many armed forces worldwide, and also by some police forces and other uniformed organisations.

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Languages of Belgium

The Kingdom of Belgium has three official languages: Dutch, French, and German.

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Largest artificial non-nuclear explosions

There have been many extremely large explosions, accidental and intentional, caused by modern high explosives, boiling liquid expanding vapour explosions (BLEVEs), older explosives such as gunpowder, volatile petroleum-based fuels such as petrol, and other chemical reactions.

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Lewis gun

The Lewis gun (or Lewis automatic machine gun or Lewis automatic rifle) is a First World War-era light machine gun of US design that was perfected and mass-produced in the United Kingdom, and widely used by British and British Empire troops during the war.

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Livens Projector

The Livens Projector was a simple mortar-like weapon that could throw large drums filled with flammable or toxic chemicals.

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Loos-en-Gohelle

Loos-en-Gohelle is a commune in the Pas-de-Calais department in the Hauts-de-France region of France.

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Luftstreitkräfte

The Deutsche Luftstreitkräfte (German Air Force)—known before October 1916 as the Fliegertruppen des deutschen Kaiserreiches (Imperial German Flying Corps) or simply Die Fliegertruppe—was the World War I (1914–18) air arm of the German Army, of which it remained an integral part.

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Machine Gun Corps

The Machine Gun Corps (MGC) was a corps of the British Army, formed in October 1915 in response to the need for more effective use of machine guns on the Western Front in the First World War.

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Mark IV tank

The Mark IV (pronounced Mark Four) was a British tank of the First World War.

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Maximilian von Laffert

Maximilian August Hermann Julius von Laffert (10 May 1855 in Lindau – 20 July 1917 in Frankfurt am Main) was a Saxon officer, later General of Cavalry during World War I. He was a recipient of the Pour le Mérite.

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Member of parliament

A member of parliament (MP) is the representative of the voters to a parliament.

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Mesen

Mesen (Messines in French, historically used in English) is a city located in the Belgian province of West Flanders.

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Mines in the Battle of Messines (1917)

The mines in the Battle of Messines comprised a series of underground explosive charges, secretly planted by British tunnelling units beneath the German 4th Army lines near the village of Mesen (Messines in French, historically used in English) in Belgian West Flanders during the First World War.

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New Zealand (Māori) Pioneer Battalion

The New Zealand (Māori) Pioneer Battalion, or Native Contingent and Pioneer Battalion, was a battalion of the New Zealand Expeditionary Force that served during World War I. The battalion was first raised in 1915 and served at Gallipoli and the Western Front, primarily as pioneers.

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New Zealand Division

The New Zealand Division was an infantry division of the New Zealand Expeditionary Force raised for service in the First World War.

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Nivelle Offensive

The Nivelle Offensive of 1917, was a Franco-British offensive on the Western Front in the First World War.

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No. 100 Squadron RAF

No.

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Nuclear weapon

A nuclear weapon is an explosive device that derives its destructive force from nuclear reactions, either fission (fission bomb) or from a combination of fission and fusion reactions (thermonuclear bomb).

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Office of Public Sector Information

The Office of Public Sector Information (OPSI) is the body responsible for the operation of Her Majesty's Stationery Office (HMSO) and of other public information services of the United Kingdom.

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Official History of Australia in the War of 1914–1918

The Official History of Australia in the War of 1914–1918 is a 12-volume series covering Australian involvement in the First World War.

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Ordnance QF 18-pounder

The Ordnance QF 18 pounder,British military traditionally denoted smaller ordnance by the weight of its standard projectile, in this case approximately or simply 18-pounder Gun, was the standard British Empire field gun of the First World War-era.

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Ploegsteert Wood

Ploegsteert Wood was a sector of the Western Front in Flanders in World War I, part of the Ypres Salient.

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Position resection

Resection is a method for determining an unknown position (position finding) measuring angles with respect to known positions.

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QF 4.5-inch howitzer

The Ordnance QF 4.5-inch howitzer was the standard British Empire field (or ‘light’) howitzer of the First World War era.

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Robert Grieve

Robert Cuthbert Grieve, VC (19 June 1889 – 4 October 1957) was an Australian recipient of the Victoria Cross, the highest award for gallantry "in the face of the enemy" that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces.

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Ronald Skirth

John Ronald Skirth (11 December 1897 – 1977) was a British soldier who served in the Royal Garrison Artillery during the First World War.

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Royal Aircraft Factory S.E.5

The Royal Aircraft Factory S.E.5 was a British biplane fighter aircraft of the First World War.

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Royal Engineers

The Corps of Royal Engineers, usually just called the Royal Engineers (RE), and commonly known as the Sappers, is one of the corps of the British Army.

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Rupprecht, Crown Prince of Bavaria

Rupprecht, Crown Prince of Bavaria (Rupprecht Maria Luitpold Ferdinand; 18 May 1869 – 2 August 1955) was the last heir apparent to the Bavarian throne.

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Salient (military)

A salient, also known as a bulge, is a battlefield feature that projects into enemy territory.

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Samuel Frickleton

Samuel Frickleton, (1 April 1891 – 6 August 1971) was a soldier in the New Zealand Military Forces and recipient of the Victoria Cross (VC), the highest award of the British Commonwealth for gallantry in "the face of the enemy".

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Scenic viewpoint

A scenic viewpoint – also called an observation point, viewpoint, viewing point, vista point, lookout, scenic overlook,These terms are more commonly used in North America.

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Second Army (United Kingdom)

The British Second Army was a field army active during the First and Second World Wars.

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Second Battle of the Aisne

The Second Battle of the Aisne (Bataille du Chemin des Dames or Seconde bataille de l'Aisne, 16 April – mid-May 1917) was the main part of the Nivelle Offensive, a Franco-British attempt to inflict a decisive defeat on the German armies in France.

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Second Battle of Ypres

During World War I, the Second Battle of Ypres was fought from for control of the strategic Flemish town of Ypres in western Belgium after the First Battle of Ypres the previous autumn.

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Shrapnel shell

Shrapnel shells were anti-personnel artillery munitions which carried a large number of individual bullets close to the target and then ejected them to allow them to continue along the shell's trajectory and strike the target individually.

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Sint-Elooi

Sint-Elooi is a small village, about south of Ypres in the Flemish province of West-Vlaanderen in Belgium.

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Sopwith Triplane

The Sopwith Triplane was a British single seat fighter aircraft designed and manufactured by the Sopwith Aviation Company during the First World War.

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Spanbroekmolen

Spanbroekmolen is a small group of farms in Heuvelland, a municipality located in the Belgian province of West Flanders.

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Stokes mortar

The Stokes mortar was a British trench mortar invented by Sir Wilfred Stokes KBE that was issued to the British, Empire and U.S. armies, as well as the Portuguese Expeditionary Corps (CEP), during the later half of the First World War.

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Stormtrooper

Stormtroopers were specialist soldiers of the German Army in World War I. In the last years of the war, Stoßtruppen ("shock troops" or "thrust troops") were trained to fight with "infiltration tactics", part of the Germans' new method of attack on enemy trenches.

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Strafing

Strafing is the military practice of attacking ground targets from low-flying aircraft using aircraft-mounted automatic weapons Less commonly, the term can be used—by extension—to describe high-speed firing runs by any land or naval craft (e.g. fast boats) using smaller-caliber weapons and targeting stationary or slow-moving targets.

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Thermite

Thermite is a pyrotechnic composition of metal powder, which serves as fuel, and metal oxide.

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Thomas Morland

General Sir Thomas Lethbridge Napier Morland (9 August 1865 – 21 May 1925) was a British general during the First World War.

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Trinity (nuclear test)

Trinity was the code name of the first detonation of a nuclear weapon.

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Tunnel warfare

Tunnel warfare is a general name for war being conducted in tunnels and other underground cavities.

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Tunnelling companies of the Royal Engineers

Royal Engineer tunnelling companies were specialist units of the Corps of Royal Engineers within the British Army, formed to dig attacking tunnels under enemy lines during the First World War.

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West Flanders

West Flanders (West-Vlaanderen; West Flemish: West Vloandern; French: (Province de) Flandre-Occidentale; German: Westflandern) is the most western province of the Flemish Region, in Belgium.

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Western Front (World War I)

The Western Front was the main theatre of war during the First World War.

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William Holmes (Australian general)

Major General William Holmes (12 September 1862 – 2 July 1917) was a senior Australian Army officer during the First World War.

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William Ratcliffe

William Ratcliffe VC MM (18 January 1884 – 26 March 1963) was an English recipient of the Victoria Cross, the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces.

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Willie Redmond

William Hoey Kearney Redmond (13 April 1861 – 7 June 1917) was an Irish nationalist politician, lawyer and soldier,Denman, Terence in: McGuire, James and Quinn, James (eds): Dictionary of Irish Biography From the Earliest Times to the Year 2002; Royal Irish Academy Vol.

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Winter operations 1914–1915

Winter operations 1914–1915 is the name given to military operations during the First World War from 1915, on the part of the Western Front held by the British Expeditionary Force (BEF), in French and Belgian Flanders.

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World War I

World War I (often abbreviated as WWI or WW1), also known as the First World War, the Great War, or the War to End All Wars, was a global war originating in Europe that lasted from 28 July 1914 to 11 November 1918.

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X Corps (United Kingdom)

X Corps was a corps of the British Army that served in the First World War on the Western Front before being disbanded in 1919.

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XIV Corps (United Kingdom)

XIV Corps was a British infantry corps during the First World War.

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XIX (2nd Royal Saxon) Corps

The XIX (2nd Royal Saxon) Army Corps / XIX AK (XIX.) was a Saxon corps level command of the German Army, before and during World War I. As the German Army expanded in the latter part of the 19th century and early part of the 20th century, the XIX Army Corps was set up on 1 April 1899 in Leipzig as the Generalkommando (headquarters) for the western part of the Kingdom of Saxony (districts of Leipzig, Chemnitz and Zwickau).

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Yale University Press

Yale University Press is a university press associated with Yale University.

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Ypres

Ypres (Ieper) is a Belgian municipality in the province of West Flanders.

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Ypres Salient

The Ypres Salient is the area around Ypres in Belgium which was the scene of some of the biggest battles in World War I.

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10th Brigade (Australia)

The 10th Brigade was an infantry brigade of the Australian Army.

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11th (Northern) Division

The 11th (Northern) Division, was an infantry division of the British Army during World War I, raised from men volunteering for Lord Kitchener's New Armies.

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12th Brigade (Australia)

The 12th Brigade was an infantry brigade of the Australian Army.

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16th (Irish) Division

The 16th (Irish) Division was an infantry division of the British Army, raised for service during World War I. The division was a voluntary 'Service' formation of Lord Kitchener's New Armies, created in Ireland from the 'National Volunteers', initially in September 1914, after the outbreak of the Great War.

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19th (Western) Division

The 19th (Western) Division was an infantry division of the British Army, part of Kitchener's Army, formed in the Great War.

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1st Guards Reserve Division (German Empire)

The 1st Guard Reserve Division (1. Garde-Reserve-Division) was a reserve infantry division of the Imperial German Army in World War I. It was a reserve formation of the Prussian Guards, the elite regiments raised throughout the Kingdom of Prussia.

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1st Infantry Division (United Kingdom)

The 1st Infantry Division was a regular army infantry division of the British Army with a very long history.

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23rd Division (United Kingdom)

The 23rd Division was an infantry division of the British Army raised in 1914 in the Great War as part of Kitchener's Army.

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24th Division (German Empire)

The 24th Division (24. Division), also known as the 2nd Division No.

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24th Division (United Kingdom)

The 24th Division was an infantry division of the British Army during World War I, raised in September 1914 from men volunteering for Lord Kitchener's New Armies during the First World War.

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25th Division (United Kingdom)

The 25th Division was an infantry division of the British Army, raised as part of Lord Kitchener's Third New Army (K3) in September 1914, shortly after the outbreak of the Great War.

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32nd Division (United Kingdom)

The 32nd Division was an infantry division of the British Army that was raised in 1914, during World War I. The division was raised from volunteers for Lord Kitchener's New Armies, that was originally made up of infantry battalions raised by public subscription or private patronage.

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36th (Ulster) Division

The 36th (Ulster) Division was an infantry division of the British Army, part of Lord Kitchener's New Army, formed in September 1914.

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3rd Division (Australia)

The 3rd Division was an infantry division of the Australian Army.

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40th Division (German Empire)

The 40th Division (40. Division), formally the 4th Division No.

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41st Division (United Kingdom)

The 41st Division was an infantry division of the British Army, raised during World War I as part of Lord Kitchener's New Armies.

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47th (1/2nd London) Division

The 47th (1/2nd London) Division was an infantry division of the British Army, raised in 1908 as part of the Territorial Force.

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49th Battalion (Australia)

The 49th Battalion was an infantry unit of the Australian Army.

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4th Army (German Empire)

The 4th Army (4.) was an army level command of the German Army in World War I. It was formed on mobilization in August 1914 from the VI Army Inspection.

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4th Division (Australia)

The Australian 4th Division was formed in the First World War during the expansion of the Australian Imperial Force infantry brigades in February 1916.

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52nd Battalion (Australia)

The 52nd Battalion was an infantry battalion of the Australian Army.

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7th Division (German Empire)

The 7th Division (7. Division) was a unit of the Prussian/German Army.

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8th Infantry Division (United Kingdom)

The 8th Infantry Division was an infantry division of the British Army that was active in both World War I and World War II.

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9th Brigade (Australia)

The 9th Brigade is a Reserve formation of the Australian Army headquartered at Keswick Barracks in Keswick, South Australia, with elements located in Tasmania, New South Wales and South Australia.

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Redirects here:

Battle of Messines Ridge, Lone Tree Crater, Messines 1917, Messines Ridge.

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Messines_(1917)

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