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132 relations: Acidogenesis, Algae, Amyloid, Annual Reviews (publisher), Antibiotic, Antimicrobial, Antimicrobial resistance, Aqueous solution, Archaea, Artificial heart valve, Asepsis, Bacillus, Bacteria, Bacterial nanowires, Biochemical oxygen demand, Bioclogging, Biofilm factory, Biofouling, Bioleaching, Caister Academic Press, Candida albicans, Carbohydrate, Cell (biology), Cell adhesion, Center for Biofilm Engineering, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Chemistry of biofilm prevention, Cilium, Cis-2-Decenoic acid, Contact lens, Corrosion, Current Opinion (Elsevier), Cyanobacteria, Cystic fibrosis, Dental plaque, Dentin, Deoxyribonuclease, Detergent, Developmental biology, Diatom, Dispersin B, DNA, Endocarditis, Escherichia coli, Eukaryote, Extracellular matrix, Extracellular polymeric substance, Food chain, Fossil, Fungus, ..., Gingivitis, Glacier, Goblet cell, Granulocyte, Horizontal gene transfer, Hospital-acquired infection, Hot spring, Hydrophobe, International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Invertebrate, Lactobacillales, Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactococcus lactis, Lipid, List of bacterial vaginosis microbiota, Listeria monocytogenes, Metabolism, Metabolite, Microalgae, Microbial biodegradation, Microbial corrosion, Microbial fuel cell, Microbial intelligence, Microbial mat, Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews, Microorganism, Multidrug tolerance, Mycorrhiza, N-Acyl homoserine lactone, Nature (journal), Nitric oxide, Non-motile bacteria, Nutrient, Otitis media, Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Periodontal disease, Petroleum, Phage therapy, Phenotype, Phototrophic biofilm, Phycosphere, Physiology, Pilus, Pipe (fluid conveyance), Plankton, Polymer, Polysaccharide, Prosthesis, Protein, Protozoa, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Pseudomonas putida, Pure and Applied Chemistry, Quorum sensing, Regulation of gene expression, Rhizobium leguminosarum, River, Roberto Kolter, Rotifer, Salmonella, Sanitary sewer, Secondary treatment, Sewage treatment, Shower, Sinorhizobium meliloti, Sinusitis, Slow sand filter, Solution, Staphylococcus, Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Stromatolite, Tooth, Tooth decay, Tooth enamel, Tragedy of the commons, Urinary catheterization, Urinary tract infection, Van der Waals force, Water stagnation, Xylella fastidiosa. Expand index (82 more) »
Acidogenesis
Acidogenesis is the second stage in the four stages of anaerobic digestion.
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Algae
Algae (singular alga) is an informal term for a large, diverse group of photosynthetic organisms that are not necessarily closely related, and is thus polyphyletic.
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Amyloid
Amyloids are aggregates of proteins that become folded into a shape that allows many copies of that protein to stick together forming fibrils.
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Annual Reviews (publisher)
Annual Reviews, located in Palo Alto California, Annual Reviews is a nonprofit publisher dedicated to synthesizing and integrating knowledge for the progress of science and the benefit of society.
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Antibiotic
An antibiotic (from ancient Greek αντιβιοτικά, antibiotiká), also called an antibacterial, is a type of antimicrobial drug used in the treatment and prevention of bacterial infections.
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Antimicrobial
An antimicrobial is an agent that kills microorganisms or stops their growth.
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Antimicrobial resistance
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR or AR) is the ability of a microbe to resist the effects of medication that once could successfully treat the microbe.
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Aqueous solution
An aqueous solution is a solution in which the solvent is water.
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Archaea
Archaea (or or) constitute a domain of single-celled microorganisms.
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Artificial heart valve
An artificial heart valve is a device implanted in the heart of a patient with valvular heart disease.
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Asepsis
Asepsis is the state of being free from disease-causing micro-organisms (such as pathogenic bacteria, viruses, pathogenic fungi, and parasites).
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Bacillus
Bacillus is a genus of gram-positive, rod-shaped bacteria and a member of the phylum Firmicutes.
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Bacteria
Bacteria (common noun bacteria, singular bacterium) is a type of biological cell.
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Bacterial nanowires
Bacterial nanowires (also known as microbial nanowires) are electrically conductive appendages produced by a number of bacteria most notably from (but not exclusive to) the Geobacter and Shewanella genera.
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Biochemical oxygen demand
Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD, also called Biological Oxygen Demand) is the amount of dissolved oxygen needed (i.e. demanded) by aerobic biological organisms to break down organic material present in a given water sample at certain temperature over a specific time period.
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Bioclogging
Bioclogging or biological clogging is clogging of pore space in soil by microbial biomass; their body and their byproducts such as extracellular polymeric substance (EPS).
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Biofilm factory
The term biofilm factory was first introduced in 2006, it describes the use of microbial biofilms for chemical production.
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Biofouling
Biofouling or biological fouling is the accumulation of microorganisms, plants, algae, or animals on wetted surfaces.
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Bioleaching
Bioleaching is the extraction of metals from their ores through the use of living organisms.
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Caister Academic Press
Caister Academic Press is an independent academic publishing company that produces books and ebooks on microbiology, and molecular biology.
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Candida albicans
Candida albicans is an opportunistic pathogenic yeast that is a common member of the human gut flora.
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Carbohydrate
A carbohydrate is a biomolecule consisting of carbon (C), hydrogen (H) and oxygen (O) atoms, usually with a hydrogen–oxygen atom ratio of 2:1 (as in water); in other words, with the empirical formula (where m may be different from n).
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Cell (biology)
The cell (from Latin cella, meaning "small room") is the basic structural, functional, and biological unit of all known living organisms.
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Cell adhesion
Cell adhesion is the process by which cells interact and attach to neighbouring cells through specialised molecules of the cell surface.
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Center for Biofilm Engineering
The Center for Biofilm Engineering (CBE) is an interdisciplinary research, education, and technology transfer institution located on the central campus of Montana State University in Bozeman, Montana.
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Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) is the leading national public health institute of the United States.
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Chemistry of biofilm prevention
Biofilm formation occurs when free floating microorganisms attach themselves to a surface.
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Cilium
A cilium (the plural is cilia) is an organelle found in eukaryotic cells.
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Cis-2-Decenoic acid
cis-2-Decenoic acid is a fatty acid made by Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
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Contact lens
A contact lens, or simply contact, is a thin lens placed directly on the surface of the eye.
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Corrosion
Corrosion is a natural process, which converts a refined metal to a more chemically-stable form, such as its oxide, hydroxide, or sulfide.
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Current Opinion (Elsevier)
Current Opinion is a collection of review journals on various disciplines of the life sciences published by Elsevier.
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Cyanobacteria
Cyanobacteria, also known as Cyanophyta, are a phylum of bacteria that obtain their energy through photosynthesis, and are the only photosynthetic prokaryotes able to produce oxygen.
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Cystic fibrosis
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a genetic disorder that affects mostly the lungs, but also the pancreas, liver, kidneys, and intestine.
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Dental plaque
Dental plaque is a biofilm or mass of bacteria that grows on surfaces within the mouth.
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Dentin
Dentin (American English) or dentine (British English) (substantia eburnea) is a calcified tissue of the body and, along with enamel, cementum, and pulp, is one of the four major components of teeth.
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Deoxyribonuclease
A deoxyribonuclease (DNase, for short) is an enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolytic cleavage of phosphodiester linkages in the DNA backbone, thus degrading DNA.
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Detergent
A detergent is a surfactant or a mixture of surfactants with cleaning properties in dilute solutions.
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Developmental biology
Developmental biology is the study of the process by which animals and plants grow and develop.
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Diatom
Diatoms (diá-tom-os "cut in half", from diá, "through" or "apart"; and the root of tém-n-ō, "I cut".) are a major group of microorganisms found in the oceans, waterways and soils of the world.
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Dispersin B
Dispersin B (also known as DspB or DispersinB) is a 40 kDa glycoside hydrolase produced by the periodontal pathogen, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans.
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DNA
Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is a thread-like chain of nucleotides carrying the genetic instructions used in the growth, development, functioning and reproduction of all known living organisms and many viruses.
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Endocarditis
Endocarditis is an inflammation of the inner layer of the heart, the endocardium.
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Escherichia coli
Escherichia coli (also known as E. coli) is a Gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped, coliform bacterium of the genus Escherichia that is commonly found in the lower intestine of warm-blooded organisms (endotherms).
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Eukaryote
Eukaryotes are organisms whose cells have a nucleus enclosed within membranes, unlike Prokaryotes (Bacteria and other Archaea).
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Extracellular matrix
In biology, the extracellular matrix (ECM) is a collection of extracellular molecules secreted by support cells that provides structural and biochemical support to the surrounding cells.
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Extracellular polymeric substance
Extracellular polymeric substances (EPSs) are natural polymers of high molecular weight secreted by microorganisms into their environment.
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Food chain
A food chain is a linear network of links in a food web starting from producer organisms (such as grass or trees which use radiation from the Sun to make their food) and ending at apex predator species (like grizzly bears or killer whales), detritivores (like earthworms or woodlice), or decomposer species (such as fungi or bacteria).
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Fossil
A fossil (from Classical Latin fossilis; literally, "obtained by digging") is any preserved remains, impression, or trace of any once-living thing from a past geological age.
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Fungus
A fungus (plural: fungi or funguses) is any member of the group of eukaryotic organisms that includes microorganisms such as yeasts and molds, as well as the more familiar mushrooms.
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Gingivitis
Gingivitis is a non-destructive disease that occurs around the teeth.
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Glacier
A glacier is a persistent body of dense ice that is constantly moving under its own weight; it forms where the accumulation of snow exceeds its ablation (melting and sublimation) over many years, often centuries.
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Goblet cell
Goblet cells are simple columnar epithelial cells that secrete gel-forming mucins, like mucin MUC5AC.
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Granulocyte
Granulocytes are a category of white blood cells characterized by the presence of granules in their cytoplasm.
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Horizontal gene transfer
Horizontal gene transfer (HGT) or lateral gene transfer (LGT) is the movement of genetic material between unicellular and/or multicellular organisms other than by the ("vertical") transmission of DNA from parent to offspring.
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Hospital-acquired infection
A hospital-acquired infection (HAI), also known as a nosocomial infection, is an infection that is acquired in a hospital or other health care facility.
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Hot spring
A hot spring is a spring produced by the emergence of geothermally heated groundwater that rises from the Earth's crust.
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Hydrophobe
In chemistry, hydrophobicity is the physical property of a molecule (known as a hydrophobe) that is seemingly repelled from a mass of water.
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International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry
The International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) is an international federation of National Adhering Organizations that represents chemists in individual countries.
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Invertebrate
Invertebrates are animals that neither possess nor develop a vertebral column (commonly known as a backbone or spine), derived from the notochord.
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Lactobacillales
Lactobacillales or lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are an order of Gram-positive, low-GC, acid-tolerant, generally nonsporulating, nonrespiring, either rod- or coccus-shaped bacteria that share common metabolic and physiological characteristics. These bacteria, usually found in decomposing plants and milk products, produce lactic acid as the major metabolic end product of carbohydrate fermentation. This trait has, throughout history, linked LAB with food fermentations, as acidification inhibits the growth of spoilage agents. Proteinaceous bacteriocins are produced by several LAB strains and provide an additional hurdle for spoilage and pathogenic microorganisms. Furthermore, lactic acid and other metabolic products contribute to the organoleptic and textural profile of a food item. The industrial importance of the LAB is further evidenced by their generally recognized as safe (GRAS) status, due to their ubiquitous appearance in food and their contribution to the healthy microflora of human mucosal surfaces. The genera that comprise the LAB are at its core Lactobacillus, Leuconostoc, Pediococcus, Lactococcus, and Streptococcus, as well as the more peripheral Aerococcus, Carnobacterium, Enterococcus, Oenococcus, Sporolactobacillus, Tetragenococcus, Vagococcus, and Weissella; these belong to the order Lactobacillales.
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Lactobacillus plantarum
Lactobacillus plantarum is a widespread member of the genus Lactobacillus, commonly found in many fermented food products as well as anaerobic plant matter.
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Lactococcus lactis
Lactococcus lactis is a Gram-positive bacterium used extensively in the production of buttermilk and cheese, but has also become famous as the first genetically modified organism to be used alive for the treatment of human disease.
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Lipid
In biology and biochemistry, a lipid is a biomolecule that is soluble in nonpolar solvents.
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List of bacterial vaginosis microbiota
Bacterial vaginosis is caused by an imbalance of the naturally occurring bacteria in the vagina.
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Listeria monocytogenes
Listeria monocytogenes is the species of pathogenic bacteria that causes the infection listeriosis.
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Metabolism
Metabolism (from μεταβολή metabolē, "change") is the set of life-sustaining chemical transformations within the cells of organisms.
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Metabolite
A metabolite is the intermediate end product of metabolism.
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Microalgae
Microalgae or microphytes are microscopic algae, typically found in freshwater and marine systems, living in both the water column and sediment.
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Microbial biodegradation
Microbial biodegradation is the use of bioremediation and biotransformation methods to harness the naturally occurring ability of microbial xenobiotic metabolism to degrade, transform or accumulate environmental pollutants, including hydrocarbons (e.g. oil), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), heterocyclic compounds (such as pyridine or quinoline), pharmaceutical substances, radionuclides and metals.
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Microbial corrosion
Microbial corrosion, also called bacterial corrosion, bio-corrosion, microbiologically influenced corrosion, or microbially induced corrosion (MIC), is corrosion caused or promoted by microorganisms, usually chemoautotrophs.
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Microbial fuel cell
A microbial fuel cell (MFC), or biological fuel cell, is a bio-electrochemical system that drives an electric current by using bacteria and mimicking bacterial interactions found in nature.
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Microbial intelligence
Microbial intelligence (popularly known as bacterial intelligence) is the intelligence shown by microorganisms.
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Microbial mat
A microbial mat is a multi-layered sheet of microorganisms, mainly bacteria and archaea.
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Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews
Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews (published as MMBR) is a peer-reviewed scientific journal published by the American Society for Microbiology.
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Microorganism
A microorganism, or microbe, is a microscopic organism, which may exist in its single-celled form or in a colony of cells. The possible existence of unseen microbial life was suspected from ancient times, such as in Jain scriptures from 6th century BC India and the 1st century BC book On Agriculture by Marcus Terentius Varro. Microbiology, the scientific study of microorganisms, began with their observation under the microscope in the 1670s by Antonie van Leeuwenhoek. In the 1850s, Louis Pasteur found that microorganisms caused food spoilage, debunking the theory of spontaneous generation. In the 1880s Robert Koch discovered that microorganisms caused the diseases tuberculosis, cholera and anthrax. Microorganisms include all unicellular organisms and so are extremely diverse. Of the three domains of life identified by Carl Woese, all of the Archaea and Bacteria are microorganisms. These were previously grouped together in the two domain system as Prokaryotes, the other being the eukaryotes. The third domain Eukaryota includes all multicellular organisms and many unicellular protists and protozoans. Some protists are related to animals and some to green plants. Many of the multicellular organisms are microscopic, namely micro-animals, some fungi and some algae, but these are not discussed here. They live in almost every habitat from the poles to the equator, deserts, geysers, rocks and the deep sea. Some are adapted to extremes such as very hot or very cold conditions, others to high pressure and a few such as Deinococcus radiodurans to high radiation environments. Microorganisms also make up the microbiota found in and on all multicellular organisms. A December 2017 report stated that 3.45 billion year old Australian rocks once contained microorganisms, the earliest direct evidence of life on Earth. Microbes are important in human culture and health in many ways, serving to ferment foods, treat sewage, produce fuel, enzymes and other bioactive compounds. They are essential tools in biology as model organisms and have been put to use in biological warfare and bioterrorism. They are a vital component of fertile soils. In the human body microorganisms make up the human microbiota including the essential gut flora. They are the pathogens responsible for many infectious diseases and as such are the target of hygiene measures.
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Multidrug tolerance
Multidrug tolerance or antibiotic tolerance is the ability of a disease-causing microorganism to resist being killed by antibiotics or other antimicrobials.
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Mycorrhiza
A mycorrhiza (from Greek μύκης mýkēs, "fungus", and ῥίζα rhiza, "root"; pl. mycorrhizae, mycorrhiza or mycorrhizas) is a symbiotic association between a fungus and the roots of a vascular host plant.
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N-Acyl homoserine lactone
N-Acyl homoserine lactones (Abbreviated as AHLs or N-AHLs) are a class of signaling molecules involved in bacterial quorum sensing.
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Nature (journal)
Nature is a British multidisciplinary scientific journal, first published on 4 November 1869.
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Nitric oxide
Nitric oxide (nitrogen oxide or nitrogen monoxide) is a colorless gas with the formula NO.
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Non-motile bacteria
Non-motile bacteria are those bacterial species that lack the ability and structures that would allow them to propel themselves, under their own power, through their environment.
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Nutrient
A nutrient is a substance used by an organism to survive, grow, and reproduce.
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Otitis media
Otitis media is a group of inflammatory diseases of the middle ear.
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Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery
Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery is a monthly peer-reviewed medical journal that covers the field of otolaryngology, especially surgery of the head and neck.
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Periodontal disease
Periodontal disease, also known as gum disease, is a set of inflammatory conditions affecting the tissues surrounding the teeth.
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Petroleum
Petroleum is a naturally occurring, yellow-to-black liquid found in geological formations beneath the Earth's surface.
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Phage therapy
Phage therapy or viral phage therapy is the therapeutic use of bacteriophages to treat pathogenic bacterial infections.
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Phenotype
A phenotype is the composite of an organism's observable characteristics or traits, such as its morphology, development, biochemical or physiological properties, behavior, and products of behavior (such as a bird's nest).
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Phototrophic biofilm
Phototrophic biofilms occur on contact surfaces in a range of terrestrial and aquatic environments.
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Phycosphere
The phycosphere is a microscale mucus region that is rich in organic matter surrounding a phytoplankton cell.
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Physiology
Physiology is the scientific study of normal mechanisms, and their interactions, which work within a living system.
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Pilus
A pilus (Latin for 'hair'; plural: pili) is a hair-like appendage found on the surface of many bacteria.
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Pipe (fluid conveyance)
A pipe is a tubular section or hollow cylinder, usually but not necessarily of circular cross-section, used mainly to convey substances which can flow — liquids and gases (fluids), slurries, powders and masses of small solids.
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Plankton
Plankton (singular plankter) are the diverse collection of organisms that live in large bodies of water and are unable to swim against a current.
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Polymer
A polymer (Greek poly-, "many" + -mer, "part") is a large molecule, or macromolecule, composed of many repeated subunits.
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Polysaccharide
Polysaccharides are polymeric carbohydrate molecules composed of long chains of monosaccharide units bound together by glycosidic linkages, and on hydrolysis give the constituent monosaccharides or oligosaccharides.
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Prosthesis
In medicine, a prosthesis (plural: prostheses; from Ancient Greek prosthesis, "addition, application, attachment") is an artificial device that replaces a missing body part, which may be lost through trauma, disease, or congenital conditions.
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Protein
Proteins are large biomolecules, or macromolecules, consisting of one or more long chains of amino acid residues.
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Protozoa
Protozoa (also protozoan, plural protozoans) is an informal term for single-celled eukaryotes, either free-living or parasitic, which feed on organic matter such as other microorganisms or organic tissues and debris.
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Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a common Gram-negative, rod-shaped bacterium that can cause disease in plants and animals, including humans.
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Pseudomonas fluorescens
Pseudomonas fluorescens is a common Gram-negative, rod-shaped bacterium.
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Pseudomonas putida
Pseudomonas putida is a Gram-negative, rod-shaped, saprotrophic soil bacterium.
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Pure and Applied Chemistry
Pure and Applied Chemistry (abbreviated Pure Appl. Chem.) is the official journal for the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC).
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Quorum sensing
In biology, quorum sensing is the ability to detect and to respond to cell population density by gene regulation.
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Regulation of gene expression
Regulation of gene expression includes a wide range of mechanisms that are used by cells to increase or decrease the production of specific gene products (protein or RNA), and is informally termed gene regulation.
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Rhizobium leguminosarum
Rhizobium leguminosarum is a bacterium which lives in a mutualistic symbiotic relationship with legumes, and has the ability to fix free nitrogen from the air.
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River
A river is a natural flowing watercourse, usually freshwater, flowing towards an ocean, sea, lake or another river.
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Roberto Kolter
Roberto Kolter is past president of the American Society for Microbiology, an author, and Professor Emeritus of microbiology at Harvard Medical School.
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Rotifer
The rotifers (Rotifera, commonly called wheel animals) make up a phylum of microscopic and near-microscopic pseudocoelomate animals.
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Salmonella
Salmonella is a genus of rod-shaped (bacillus) Gram-negative bacteria of the family Enterobacteriaceae.
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Sanitary sewer
A sanitary sewer or "foul sewer" is an underground carriage system specifically for transporting sewage from houses and commercial buildings through pipes to treatment facilities or disposal.
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Secondary treatment
Secondary treatment is a treatment process for wastewater (or sewage) to achieve a certain degree of effluent quality by using a sewage treatment plant with physical phase separation to remove settleable solids and a biological process to remove dissolved and suspended organic compounds.
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Sewage treatment
Sewage treatment is the process of removing contaminants from wastewater, primarily from household sewage.
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Shower
A shower is a place in which a person bathes under a spray of typically warm or hot water.
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Sinorhizobium meliloti
Sinorhizobium meliloti is a Gram-negative nitrogen-fixing bacterium (rhizobium).
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Sinusitis
Sinusitis, also known as a sinus infection or rhinosinusitis, is inflammation of the sinuses resulting in symptoms.
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Slow sand filter
Slow sand filters are used in water purification for treating raw water to produce a potable product.
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Solution
In chemistry, a solution is a special type of homogeneous mixture composed of two or more substances.
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Staphylococcus
Staphylococcus (from the σταφυλή, staphylē, "grape" and κόκκος, kókkos, "granule") is a genus of Gram-positive bacteria.
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Streptococcus mutans
Streptococcus mutans is a facultatively anaerobic, gram-positive coccus (round bacterium) commonly found in the human oral cavity and is a significant contributor to tooth decay.
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Streptococcus pneumoniae
Streptococcus pneumoniae, or pneumococcus, is a Gram-positive, alpha-hemolytic (under aerobic conditions) or beta-hemolytic (under anaerobic conditions), facultative anaerobic member of the genus Streptococcus.
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Stromatolite
Stromatolites or stromatoliths (from Greek στρῶμα strōma "layer, stratum" (GEN στρώματος strōmatos), and λίθος lithos "rock") are layered mounds, columns, and sheet-like sedimentary rocks that were originally formed by the growth of layer upon layer of cyanobacteria, a single-celled photosynthesizing microbe.
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Tooth
A tooth (plural teeth) is a hard, calcified structure found in the jaws (or mouths) of many vertebrates and used to break down food.
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Tooth decay
Tooth decay, also known as dental caries or cavities, is a breakdown of teeth due to acids made by bacteria.
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Tooth enamel
Tooth enamel is one of the four major tissues that make up the tooth in humans and many other animals, including some species of fish.
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Tragedy of the commons
The tragedy of the commons is a term used in social science to describe a situation in a shared-resource system where individual users acting independently according to their own self-interest behave contrary to the common good of all users by depleting or spoiling that resource through their collective action.
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Urinary catheterization
In urinary catheterization a latex, polyurethane, or silicone tube known as a urinary catheter is inserted into a patient's bladder via the urethra.
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Urinary tract infection
A urinary tract infection (UTI) is an infection that affects part of the urinary tract.
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Van der Waals force
In molecular physics, the van der Waals forces, named after Dutch scientist Johannes Diderik van der Waals, are distance-dependent interactions between atoms or molecules.
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Water stagnation
Water stagnation occurs when water stops flowing.
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Xylella fastidiosa
Xylella fastidiosa is an aerobic, Gram-negative bacteria of the monophyletic genus Xylella.
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Redirects here:
Bacterial mat, Bacterial mats, Bio film, Biofilms, Zoogleal mat.
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biofilm
