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Biological pest control

Index Biological pest control

Biological control or biocontrol is a method of controlling pests such as insects, mites, weeds and plant diseases using other organisms. [1]

217 relations: Agasicles hygrophila, Agonopterix alstroemeriana, Alfalfa, Alternanthera philoxeroides, Amphibian, Aphid, Australia, Australian Dung Beetle Project, Bacillus thuringiensis, Bacteria, Baculoviridae, Barn owl, Beauveria bassiana, Beetle, Beetle bank, Beneficial insects, Benin, Biodiversity, Bioeffector, Biopesticide, Blastocladiomycota, Box, Braconidae, Brassica, Brown-tail, Bt cotton, Butterfly, Cactoblastis cactorum, Cane toad, Carduus nutans, Cat, Caterpillar, Centaurea solstitialis, Chalcid wasp, China, Chitosan, Chondrostereum purpureum, Choristoneura fumiferana, Chytridiomycota, Cirsium arvense, Cirsium neomexicanum, Coccinellidae, Coleomegilla maculata, Colorado potato beetle, Companion planting, Competition (biology), Compost, Conium maculatum, Cordyceps, Cotesia glomerata, ..., CSIRO, Cyrtobagous salviniae, Dactylopius, Dermolepida albohirtum, Desmodium, Dingo, Dung beetle, Dutch elm disease, Earwig, Eastern mosquitofish, Egg, Emerald ash borer, Encarsia formosa, Endemism, Entomopathogenic fungus, Entomopathogenic nematode, Entomophaga (fungus), European corn borer, European rabbit, Fairyfly, Feltiella acarisuga, Fiji, Fir, Five Dynasties, Flood control, Florida, Flowerpot, Fly, Fraxinus, French Polynesia, Frog, Fruit tree, Fungus, Gene, Genetically modified crops, George Bornemissza, Glassy-winged sharpshooter, Goanna, Gonatocerus ashmeadi, Greenhouse, Habitat, Hawaii, Hedgehog, Hemiptera, Herbivore, Hoverfly, Hymenoptera, Hypera postica, Icerya purchasi, Ichneumonidae, Imperata cylindrica, Insect, Insectary plant, Integrated pest management, International Organization for Biological Control, Inundative application, Irrigation, Irruptive growth, Isaria fumosorosea, Japanese beetle, Javan mongoose, Jiaozhi, Jin dynasty (265–420), Joseph Needham, Leafhopper, Lecanicillium, Legume, Lepidoptera, Levuana moth, List of endemic birds of Hawaii, List of Trichoderma species, Locust, Lymantria dispar dispar, Lymantria dispar multicapsid nuclear polyhedrosis virus, Malaria, Mating disruption, Metacordyceps, Metarhizium, Microorganism, Milky spore, Ming dynasty, Mite, Moraxella osloensis, Moth, Mucuna pruriens, Myzus persicae, Nanfang Caomu Zhuang, Natural farming, Navigation, Nematode, Nematophagous fungus, Nematus ribesii, Neuroptera, North America, Northeastern United States, Northern quoll, Oecophylla smaragdina, Oobius agrili, Opuntia, Organic farming, Organic horticulture, Orius insidiosus, Parasitic plant, Parasitism, Parasitoid, Parasitoid wasp, Parotoid gland, Pathogen, Pest control, Phasmarhabditis hermaphrodita, Phylloxera, Phytoseiulus, Pieris rapae, Plant pathology, Poison, Pond, Predation, Protein, Purpureocillium, Push–pull agricultural pest management, Rabbit haemorrhagic disease, Rat, Refuge (ecology), Rhinocyllus conicus, Riverside, California, Rodolia cardinalis, Root-knot nematode, Royal Horticultural Society, Salvinia molesta, Samea multiplicalis, Scale insect, Shrew, Song dynasty, Sooty mold, South America, Spathius agrili, Spider mite, Spruce, Sterile insect technique, Stethorus punctillum, Straw, Striga, Sustainable agriculture, Sustainable gardening, Synchytrium, Tachinidae, Tang dynasty, Tetranychus urticae, Thrips, Tiger snake, Toad, Trichoderma, Trichoderma viride, Trichogramma, Unintended consequences, United States, United States Department of Agriculture, United States National Agricultural Library, Vietnam, Virus, Wasp, Weed, Weevil, Western flower thrips, Whitefly, Windbreak, Wood wool. Expand index (167 more) »

Agasicles hygrophila

Agasicles hygrophila is a species of leaf beetle known by the common name alligator weed flea beetle.

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Agonopterix alstroemeriana

The hemlock moth (Agonopterix alstroemeriana), also known as the defoliating hemlock moth or poison hemlock moth, is a nocturnal moth species of the family Depressariidae.

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Alfalfa

Alfalfa, Medicago sativa also called lucerne, is a perennial flowering plant in the pea family Fabaceae cultivated as an important forage crop in many countries around the world.

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Alternanthera philoxeroides

Alternanthera philoxeroides, commonly referred to as alligator weed, is a native species to the temperate regions of South America, which includes Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay and Uruguay.

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Amphibian

Amphibians are ectothermic, tetrapod vertebrates of the class Amphibia.

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Aphid

Aphids are small sap-sucking insects and members of the superfamily Aphidoidea.

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Australia

Australia, officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a sovereign country comprising the mainland of the Australian continent, the island of Tasmania and numerous smaller islands.

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Australian Dung Beetle Project

The Australian Dung Beetle Project (1965–1985), conceived and led by Dr George Bornemissza of the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), was an international scientific research and biological control project with the primary goal to control the polluting effects of cattle dung.

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Bacillus thuringiensis

Bacillus thuringiensis (or Bt) is a Gram-positive, soil-dwelling bacterium, commonly used as a biological pesticide.

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Bacteria

Bacteria (common noun bacteria, singular bacterium) is a type of biological cell.

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Baculoviridae

Baculoviridae is a family of viruses.

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Barn owl

The barn owl (Tyto alba) is the most widely distributed species of owl and one of the most widespread of all birds.

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Beauveria bassiana

Beauveria bassiana is a fungus that grows naturally in soils throughout the world and acts as a parasite on various arthropod species, causing white muscardine disease; it thus belongs to the entomopathogenic fungi.

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Beetle

Beetles are a group of insects that form the order Coleoptera, in the superorder Endopterygota.

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Beetle bank

A beetle bank, in agriculture and horticulture, is a form of biological pest control.

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Beneficial insects

Beneficial insects (sometimes called beneficial bugs) are any of a number of species of insects that perform valued services like pollination and pest control.

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Benin

Benin (Bénin), officially the Republic of Benin (République du Bénin) and formerly Dahomey, is a country in West Africa.

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Biodiversity

Biodiversity, a portmanteau of biological (life) and diversity, generally refers to the variety and variability of life on Earth.

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Bioeffector

A Bioeffector is a viable microorganism or active natural compound which directly or indirectly affects plant performance (Biofertilizer), and thus has the potential to reduce fertilizer and pesticide use in crop production.

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Biopesticide

Biopesticides, a contraction of 'biological pesticides', include several types of pest management intervention: through predatory, parasitic, or chemical relationships.

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Blastocladiomycota

Blastocladiomycota is one of the currently recognized phyla within the kingdom Fungi.

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Box

Box (plural: boxes) describes a variety of containers and receptacles for permanent use as storage, or for temporary use, often for transporting contents.

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Braconidae

The Braconidae are a family of parasitoid wasps.

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Brassica

Brassica is a genus of plants in the mustard family (Brassicaceae).

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Brown-tail

The brown-tail (Euproctis chrysorrhoea) is a moth of the family Erebidae.

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Bt cotton

Bt cotton is a genetically modified organism (GMO) or genetically modified pest resistant plant cotton variety, which produces an insecticide to bollworm.

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Butterfly

Butterflies are insects in the macrolepidopteran clade Rhopalocera from the order Lepidoptera, which also includes moths.

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Cactoblastis cactorum

Cactoblastis cactorum, the cactus moth, South American cactus moth or nopal moth, is native to Argentina, Paraguay, Uruguay and southern Brazil.

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Cane toad

The cane toad (Rhinella marina), also known as the giant neotropical toad or marine toad, is a large, terrestrial true toad native to South and mainland Central America, but which has been introduced to various islands throughout Oceania and the Caribbean, as well as Northern Australia.

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Carduus nutans

Carduus nutans, with the common names musk thistle, nodding thistle, and nodding plumeless thistle, is a biennial herb in the Asteraceae—sunflower family.

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Cat

The domestic cat (Felis silvestris catus or Felis catus) is a small, typically furry, carnivorous mammal.

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Caterpillar

Caterpillars are the larval stage of members of the order Lepidoptera (the insect order comprising butterflies and moths).

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Centaurea solstitialis

Centaurea solstitialis, yellow star-thistle, is a member of the family Asteraceae, native to the Mediterranean Basin region.

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Chalcid wasp

Chalcid wasps (for their metallic colour) are insects within the superfamily Chalcidoidea, part of the order Hymenoptera.

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China

China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a unitary one-party sovereign state in East Asia and the world's most populous country, with a population of around /1e9 round 3 billion.

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Chitosan

Chitosan is a linear polysaccharide composed of randomly distributed β-(1→4)-linked D-glucosamine (deacetylated unit) and ''N''-acetyl-D-glucosamine (acetylated unit).

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Chondrostereum purpureum

Silver leaf is a fungal disease of trees caused by the fungus plant pathogen Chondrostereum purpureum.

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Choristoneura fumiferana

Choristoneura fumiferana, the eastern spruce budworm, is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae.

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Chytridiomycota

Chytridiomycota is a division of zoosporic organisms in the kingdom Fungi, informally known as chytrids.

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Cirsium arvense

Cirsium arvense is a perennial species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae, native throughout Europe and northern Asia, and widely introduced elsewhere.

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Cirsium neomexicanum

Cirsium neomexicanum is a North American species of thistle known by the common names New Mexico thistle, powderpuff thistle, lavender thistle, foss thistle and desert thistle.

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Coccinellidae

Coccinellidae is a widespread family of small beetles ranging in size from 0.8 to 18 mm (0.03 to 0.71 inches).

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Coleomegilla maculata

Coleomegilla maculata, commonly known as the spotted lady beetle, pink spotted lady beetle or twelve-spotted lady beetle, is a large coccinellid beetle native to North America.

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Colorado potato beetle

The Colorado potato beetle (Leptinotarsa decemlineata), also known as the Colorado beetle, the ten-striped spearman, the ten-lined potato beetle or the potato bug, is a major pest of potato crops.

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Companion planting

Companion planting in gardening and agriculture is the planting of different crops in proximity for any of a number of different reasons, including pest control, pollination, providing habitat for beneficial creatures, maximizing use of space, and to otherwise increase crop productivity.

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Competition (biology)

Competition is an interaction between organisms or species in which both the organisms or species are harmed.

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Compost

Compost is organic matter that has been decomposed in a process called composting.

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Conium maculatum

Conium maculatum, the hemlock or poison hemlock, is a highly poisonous biennial herbaceous flowering plant in the carrot family Apiaceae, native to Europe and North Africa.

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Cordyceps

Cordyceps is a genus of ascomycete fungi (sac fungi) that includes about 400 species.

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Cotesia glomerata

Cotesia glomerata, the white butterfly parasite, is a small parasitic wasp species belonging to family Braconidae.

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CSIRO

The Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) is an independent Australian federal government agency responsible for scientific research.

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Cyrtobagous salviniae

Cyrtobagous salviniae is a species of weevil known as the salvinia weevil.

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Dactylopius

Dactylopius is a genus of insect in the superfamily Coccoidea, the scale insects.

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Dermolepida albohirtum

Dermolepida albohirtum, the cane beetle, is a native Australian beetle and a pest of sugarcane.

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Desmodium

Desmodium is a genus in the flowering plant family Fabaceae, sometimes called tick-trefoil, tick clover, hitch hikers or beggar lice.

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Dingo

The dingo (Canis familiaris or Canis familiaris dingo or Canis lupus dingo or Canis dingo) is a type of feral dog native to Australia.

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Dung beetle

Dung beetles are beetles that feed partly or exclusively on feces (dung).

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Dutch elm disease

Dutch elm disease (DED) is caused by a member of the sac fungi (Ascomycota) affecting elm trees, and is spread by elm bark beetles.

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Earwig

Earwigs make up the insect order Dermaptera.

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Eastern mosquitofish

The eastern mosquitofish (Gambusia holbrooki) is a species of freshwater fish, closely related to the western mosquitofish, Gambusia affinis.

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Egg

An egg is the organic vessel containing the zygote in which an animal embryo develops until it can survive on its own; at which point the animal hatches.

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Emerald ash borer

The emerald ash borer (Agrilus planipennis) is a green buprestid or jewel beetle native to northeastern Asia that feeds on ash species.

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Encarsia formosa

Encarsia formosa is a species of chalcidoid wasp and a well known parasitoid of greenhouse whitefly, one of the first to be used commercially for biological pest control, from the 1920s.

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Endemism

Endemism is the ecological state of a species being unique to a defined geographic location, such as an island, nation, country or other defined zone, or habitat type; organisms that are indigenous to a place are not endemic to it if they are also found elsewhere.

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Entomopathogenic fungus

An entomopathogenic fungus is a fungus that can act as a parasite of insects and kills or seriously disables them.

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Entomopathogenic nematode

Entomopathogenic nematodes are a group of nematodes (thread worms), causing death to insects.

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Entomophaga (fungus)

Entomophaga is a genus of entomopathogenic fungi in the order Entomophthorales.

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European corn borer

The European corn borer (Ostrinia nubilalis), also known as the European corn worm or European high-flyer, is a moth of the family Crambidae which includes other grass moths.

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European rabbit

The European rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) or coney is a species of rabbit native to southwestern Europe (including Spain, Portugal and Western France) and to northwest Africa (including Morocco and Algeria).

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Fairyfly

The Mymaridae, commonly known as fairyflies or fairy wasps, are a family of chalcid wasps found in temperate and tropical regions throughout the world.

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Feltiella acarisuga

Feltiella acarisuga is a species of predatory gall midges which will feed on various species of spider mites.

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Fiji

Fiji (Viti; Fiji Hindi: फ़िजी), officially the Republic of Fiji (Matanitu Tugalala o Viti; Fiji Hindi: फ़िजी गणराज्य), is an island country in Oceania in the South Pacific Ocean about northeast of New Zealand's North Island.

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Fir

Firs (Abies) are a genus of 48–56 species of evergreen coniferous trees in the family Pinaceae.

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Five Dynasties

The Five Dynasties was an era of political upheaval in 10th-century China.

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Flood control

Flood control methods are used to reduce or prevent the detrimental effects of flood waters.

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Florida

Florida (Spanish for "land of flowers") is the southernmost contiguous state in the United States.

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Flowerpot

A flowerpot, flower pot, or plant pot is a container in which flowers and other plants are cultivated and displayed.

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Fly

True flies are insects of the order Diptera, the name being derived from the Greek δι- di- "two", and πτερόν pteron "wings".

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Fraxinus

Fraxinus, English name ash, is a genus of flowering plants in the olive and lilac family, Oleaceae.

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French Polynesia

French Polynesia (Polynésie française; Pōrīnetia Farāni) is an overseas collectivity of the French Republic; collectivité d'outre-mer de la République française (COM), sometimes unofficially referred to as an overseas country; pays d'outre-mer (POM).

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Frog

A frog is any member of a diverse and largely carnivorous group of short-bodied, tailless amphibians composing the order Anura (Ancient Greek ἀν-, without + οὐρά, tail).

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Fruit tree

A fruit tree is a tree which bears fruit that is consumed or used by humans and some animals — all trees that are flowering plants produce fruit, which are the ripened ovaries of flowers containing one or more seeds.

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Fungus

A fungus (plural: fungi or funguses) is any member of the group of eukaryotic organisms that includes microorganisms such as yeasts and molds, as well as the more familiar mushrooms.

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Gene

In biology, a gene is a sequence of DNA or RNA that codes for a molecule that has a function.

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Genetically modified crops

Genetically modified crops (GMCs, GM crops, or biotech crops) are plants used in agriculture, the DNA of which has been modified using genetic engineering methods.

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George Bornemissza

George Francis Bornemissza (born György Ferenc Bornemissza; 11 February 1924 – 10 April 2014) was a Hungarian-born entomologist and ecologist.

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Glassy-winged sharpshooter

The glassy-winged sharpshooter (Homalodisca vitripennis, formerly known as H. coagulata) is a large leafhopper insect from the family Cicadellidae, similar to other species of sharpshooter.

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Goanna

A goanna is any of several Australian monitor lizards of the genus Varanus, as well as certain species from Southeast Asia.

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Gonatocerus ashmeadi

Gonatocerus ashmeadi is a species of fairyfly.

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Greenhouse

A greenhouse (also called a glasshouse) is a structure with walls and roof made mainly of transparent material, such as glass, in which plants requiring regulated climatic conditions are grown.

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Habitat

In ecology, a habitat is the type of natural environment in which a particular species of organism lives.

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Hawaii

Hawaii (Hawaii) is the 50th and most recent state to have joined the United States, having received statehood on August 21, 1959.

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Hedgehog

A hedgehog is any of the spiny mammals of the subfamily Erinaceinae, in the eulipotyphlan family Erinaceidae.

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Hemiptera

The Hemiptera or true bugs are an order of insects comprising some 50,000 to 80,000 species of groups such as the cicadas, aphids, planthoppers, leafhoppers, and shield bugs.

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Herbivore

A herbivore is an animal anatomically and physiologically adapted to eating plant material, for example foliage, for the main component of its diet.

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Hoverfly

Hoverflies, sometimes called flower flies, or syrphid flies, make up the insect family Syrphidae.

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Hymenoptera

Hymenoptera is a large order of insects, comprising the sawflies, wasps, bees, and ants.

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Hypera postica

Hypera postica, commonly known as the alfalfa weevil, is a species of beetle in the superfamily Curculionoidea; it can be found in alfalfa fields throughout Europe.

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Icerya purchasi

Icerya purchasi (common name: cottony cushion scale) is a scale insect that feeds on more than 65 families of woody plants, most notably on Citrus and Pittosporum.

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Ichneumonidae

The Ichneumonidae are a parasitoid wasp family within the order Hymenoptera.

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Imperata cylindrica

Imperata cylindrica (commonly known as cogongrass, kunai grass, blady grass, alang-alang, lalang grass, cotton wool grass, kura-kura) is a species of grass in the family Poaceae.

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Insect

Insects or Insecta (from Latin insectum) are hexapod invertebrates and the largest group within the arthropod phylum.

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Insectary plant

Insectary plants are those that attract insects.

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Integrated pest management

Integrated pest management (IPM), also known as integrated pest control (IPC) is a broad-based approach that integrates practices for economic control of pests.

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International Organization for Biological Control

The International Organization for Biological and Integrated Control, usually referred to as IOBC, is a professional organization affiliated with the International Union of Biological Sciences (IUBS) and aims to be an effective advocate for biological control, integrated pest management (IPM) and integrated production (IP).

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Inundative application

Inundative biological control refers to the release of overwhelming numbers of a mass-produced biological control agent in the expectation of either achieving a rapid reduction of a pest population or to improve long term survival of the biocontrol agent.

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Irrigation

Irrigation is the application of controlled amounts of water to plants at needed intervals.

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Irruptive growth

Irruptive growth, sometimes called Malthusian growth, is a growth pattern over time, defined by population explosions and subsequent sharp population crashes, or diebacks.

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Isaria fumosorosea

Isaria fumosorosea is an entomopathogenic fungus, formerly known as Paecilomyces fumosoroseus.

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Japanese beetle

The Japanese beetle (Popillia japonica) is a common species of beetle.

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Javan mongoose

The Javan mongoose (Herpestes javanicus) is a species of mongoose found in the wild in South and Southeast Asia.

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Jiaozhi

Jiaozhi (Tai: kɛɛuA1, Wade-Giles: Chiāo-chǐh), was the name for various provinces, commanderies, prefectures, and counties in northern Vietnam from the era of the Hùng kings to the middle of the Third Chinese domination of Vietnam (–10th centuries) and again during the Fourth Chinese domination (1407–1427).

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Jin dynasty (265–420)

The Jin dynasty or the Jin Empire (sometimes distinguished as the or) was a Chinese dynasty traditionally dated from 266 to 420.

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Joseph Needham

Noel Joseph Terence Montgomery Needham (9 December 1900 – 24 March 1995) was a British biochemist, historian and sinologist known for his scientific research and writing on the history of Chinese science and technology.

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Leafhopper

A leafhopper is the common name for any species from the family Cicadellidae.

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Lecanicillium

Lecanicillium is a genus of fungi in the order Hypocreales and is described as anamorphic Cordycipitaceae; 21 species are currently described.

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Legume

A legume is a plant or its fruit or seed in the family Fabaceae (or Leguminosae).

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Lepidoptera

Lepidoptera is an order of insects that includes butterflies and moths (both are called lepidopterans).

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Levuana moth

The levuana moth (Levuana irridescens) was a species of moth in the family Zygaenidae.

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List of endemic birds of Hawaii

There are 71 known taxa of birds endemic to the Hawaiian Islands, of which 30 are extinct, 6 possibly extinct and 30 of the remaining 48 species and subspecies are listed as endangered or threatened by the United States Fish and Wildlife Service.

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List of Trichoderma species

Currently the List of Trichoderma species includes 89 accepted species within the Trichoderma genus of fungi.

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Locust

Locusts are certain species of short-horned grasshoppers in the family Acrididae that have a swarming phase.

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Lymantria dispar dispar

Lymantria dispar dispar, commonly known as the gypsy moth, European gypsy moth, or North American gypsy moth, is a moth in the family Erebidae that is of Eurasian origin.

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Lymantria dispar multicapsid nuclear polyhedrosis virus

Lymantria dispar multicapsid nuclear polyhedrosis virus or LdMNPV is a viral infection in gypsy moths (Lymantria dispar) that causes infected larvae to die and disintegrate.

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Malaria

Malaria is a mosquito-borne infectious disease affecting humans and other animals caused by parasitic protozoans (a group of single-celled microorganisms) belonging to the Plasmodium type.

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Mating disruption

Mating disruption (MD) is a pest management technique designed to control certain insect pests by introducing artificial stimuli that confuse the individuals and disrupt mate localization and/or courtship, thus preventing mating and blocking the reproductive cycle.

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Metacordyceps

Metacordyceps is a genus of fungi in the family Clavicipitaceae.

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Metarhizium

Metarhizium is a genus of entomopathogenic fungi in the Clavicipitaceae family.

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Microorganism

A microorganism, or microbe, is a microscopic organism, which may exist in its single-celled form or in a colony of cells. The possible existence of unseen microbial life was suspected from ancient times, such as in Jain scriptures from 6th century BC India and the 1st century BC book On Agriculture by Marcus Terentius Varro. Microbiology, the scientific study of microorganisms, began with their observation under the microscope in the 1670s by Antonie van Leeuwenhoek. In the 1850s, Louis Pasteur found that microorganisms caused food spoilage, debunking the theory of spontaneous generation. In the 1880s Robert Koch discovered that microorganisms caused the diseases tuberculosis, cholera and anthrax. Microorganisms include all unicellular organisms and so are extremely diverse. Of the three domains of life identified by Carl Woese, all of the Archaea and Bacteria are microorganisms. These were previously grouped together in the two domain system as Prokaryotes, the other being the eukaryotes. The third domain Eukaryota includes all multicellular organisms and many unicellular protists and protozoans. Some protists are related to animals and some to green plants. Many of the multicellular organisms are microscopic, namely micro-animals, some fungi and some algae, but these are not discussed here. They live in almost every habitat from the poles to the equator, deserts, geysers, rocks and the deep sea. Some are adapted to extremes such as very hot or very cold conditions, others to high pressure and a few such as Deinococcus radiodurans to high radiation environments. Microorganisms also make up the microbiota found in and on all multicellular organisms. A December 2017 report stated that 3.45 billion year old Australian rocks once contained microorganisms, the earliest direct evidence of life on Earth. Microbes are important in human culture and health in many ways, serving to ferment foods, treat sewage, produce fuel, enzymes and other bioactive compounds. They are essential tools in biology as model organisms and have been put to use in biological warfare and bioterrorism. They are a vital component of fertile soils. In the human body microorganisms make up the human microbiota including the essential gut flora. They are the pathogens responsible for many infectious diseases and as such are the target of hygiene measures.

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Milky spore

Paenibacillus popilliae (formerly Bacillus popilliae) is a soil-dwelling, Gram-positive, rod-shaped bacterium.

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Ming dynasty

The Ming dynasty was the ruling dynasty of China – then known as the – for 276 years (1368–1644) following the collapse of the Mongol-led Yuan dynasty.

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Mite

Mites are small arthropods belonging to the class Arachnida and the subclass Acari (also known as Acarina).

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Moraxella osloensis

Moraxella osloensis is a Gram-negative oxidase-positive, aerobic bacterium within the family Moraxellaceae in the gamma subdivision of the purple bacteria.

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Moth

Moths comprise a group of insects related to butterflies, belonging to the order Lepidoptera.

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Mucuna pruriens

Mucuna pruriens is a tropical legume native to Africa and tropical Asia and widely naturalized and cultivated.

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Myzus persicae

Myzus persicae, known as the green peach aphid or the peach-potato aphid, is a small green aphid.

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Nanfang Caomu Zhuang

The (c. 304 CE) Nanfang caomu zhuang (南方草木狀 Plants of the Southern Regions), attributed to the Western Jin dynasty scholar and botanist Ji Han (嵇含, 263-307), is a Flora describing the plants of Nanyue and Jiaozhi, present-day South China and northern Vietnam.

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Natural farming

Natural farming is an ecological farming approach established by Masanobu Fukuoka (1913–2008), a Japanese farmer and philosopher, introduced in his 1975 book The One-Straw Revolution.

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Navigation

Navigation is a field of study that focuses on the process of monitoring and controlling the movement of a craft or vehicle from one place to another.

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Nematode

The nematodes or roundworms constitute the phylum Nematoda (also called Nemathelminthes).

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Nematophagous fungus

Nematophagous fungi are carnivorous fungi specialized in trapping and digesting nematodes.

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Nematus ribesii

Nematus ribesii is a species of sawfly in the family Tenthredinidae.

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Neuroptera

The insect order Neuroptera, or net-winged insects, includes the lacewings, mantidflies, antlions, and their relatives.

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North America

North America is a continent entirely within the Northern Hemisphere and almost all within the Western Hemisphere; it is also considered by some to be a northern subcontinent of the Americas.

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Northeastern United States

The Northeastern United States, also referred to as the American Northeast or simply the Northeast, is a geographical region of the United States bordered to the north by Canada, to the east by the Atlantic Ocean, to the south by the Southern United States, and to the west by the Midwestern United States.

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Northern quoll

The northern quoll (Dasyurus hallucatus), also known as the northern native cat, the satanellus, the North Australian native cat or the njanmak (in the indigenous Mayali language), is a carnivorous marsupial native to Australia.

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Oecophylla smaragdina

Oecophylla smaragdina (common names include weaver ant, green ant, green tree ant, and orange gaster) is a species of arboreal ant found in tropical Asia and Australia.

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Oobius agrili

Oobius agrili is a parasitic non-stinging wasp of family Encyrtidae which is native to North Asia.

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Opuntia

Opuntia, commonly called prickly pear, is a genus in the cactus family, Cactaceae.

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Organic farming

Organic farming is an alternative agricultural system which originated early in the 20th century in reaction to rapidly changing farming practices.

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Organic horticulture

Organic horticulture is the science and art of growing fruits, vegetables, flowers, or ornamental plants by following the essential principles of organic agriculture in soil building and conservation, pest management, and heirloom variety preservation.

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Orius insidiosus

Orius insidiosus, common name the insidious flower bug, is a species of minute pirate bug, a predatory insect in the order Hemiptera (the true bugs).

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Parasitic plant

A parasitic plant is a plant that derives some or all of its nutritional requirement from another living plant.

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Parasitism

In evolutionary biology, parasitism is a relationship between species, where one organism, the parasite, lives on or in another organism, the host, causing it some harm, and is adapted structurally to this way of life.

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Parasitoid

A parasitoid is an organism that lives in close association with its host and at the host's expense, and which sooner or later kills it.

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Parasitoid wasp

Parasitoid wasps are a large group of hymenopteran superfamilies, all but the wood wasps (Orussoidea) being in the wasp-waisted Apocrita.

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Parotoid gland

The parotoid gland (alternatively, paratoid gland) is an external skin gland on the back, neck, and shoulder of toads and some frogs and salamanders.

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Pathogen

In biology, a pathogen (πάθος pathos "suffering, passion" and -γενής -genēs "producer of") or a '''germ''' in the oldest and broadest sense is anything that can produce disease; the term came into use in the 1880s.

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Pest control

Pest control is the regulation or management of a species defined as a pest, a member of the animal kingdom that impacts adversely on human activities.

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Phasmarhabditis hermaphrodita

Phasmarhabditis hermaphrodita is a facultative parasitic nematode that can kill slugs and snails.

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Phylloxera

Grape phylloxera (Daktulosphaira vitifoliae (Fitch 1855); family Phylloxeridae, within the order Hemiptera, bugs); originally described in France as Phylloxera vastatrix; equated to the previously described Daktulosphaira vitifoliae, Phylloxera vitifoliae; commonly just called phylloxera (from φύλλον, leaf, and ξηρός, dry) is a pest of commercial grapevines worldwide, originally native to eastern North America.

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Phytoseiulus

Phytoseiulus is a genus of mites in the Phytoseiidae family.

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Pieris rapae

Pieris rapae, the small white, is a small- to medium-sized butterfly species of the whites-and-yellows family Pieridae.

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Plant pathology

Plant pathology (also phytopathology) is the scientific study of diseases in plants caused by pathogens (infectious organisms) and environmental conditions (physiological factors).

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Poison

In biology, poisons are substances that cause disturbances in organisms, usually by chemical reaction or other activity on the molecular scale, when an organism absorbs a sufficient quantity.

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Pond

A pond is a body of standing water, either natural or artificial, that is usually smaller than a lake.

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Predation

Predation is a biological interaction where a predator (a hunting animal) kills and eats its prey (the organism that is attacked).

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Protein

Proteins are large biomolecules, or macromolecules, consisting of one or more long chains of amino acid residues.

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Purpureocillium

Purpureocillium is a fungal genus in the Ophiocordycipitaceae family.

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Push–pull agricultural pest management

Push–pull technology is a strategy for controlling agricultural pests by using repellent "push" plants and trap "pull" plants.

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Rabbit haemorrhagic disease

Rabbit haemorrhagic disease (RHD), also known as rabbit calicivirus disease (RCD) or viral haemorrhagic disease (VHD), is a highly infectious and often fatal disease that affects wild and domestic rabbits of the species Oryctolagus cuniculus.

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Rat

Rats are various medium-sized, long-tailed rodents in the superfamily Muroidea.

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Refuge (ecology)

A refuge is a concept in biology and ecology, in which an organism obtains protection from predation by hiding in an area where it is inaccessible or cannot easily be found.

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Rhinocyllus conicus

Rhinocyllus conicus is a species of true weevil.

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Riverside, California

Riverside is a city in Riverside County, California, United States, located in the Inland Empire metropolitan area.

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Rodolia cardinalis

Rodolia cardinalis (common names vedalia beetle or cardinal ladybird) is a species of ladybird beetle that is sometimes described as endemic to Australia.

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Root-knot nematode

Root-knot nematodes are plant-parasitic nematodes from the genus Meloidogyne.

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Royal Horticultural Society

The Royal Horticultural Society (RHS), founded in 1804 as the Horticultural Society of London, is the UK's leading gardening charity.

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Salvinia molesta

Salvinia molesta, commonly known as giant salvinia, or as kariba weed after it infested a large portion of the reservoir of the same name, is an aquatic fern, native to south-eastern Brazil.

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Samea multiplicalis

Samea multiplicalis, the salvinia stem-borer moth, is an aquatic moth commonly found in freshwater habitats from the southern United States to Argentina, as well as in Australia where it was introduced in 1981.

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Scale insect

The scale insects are small insects of the order Hemiptera, suborder Sternorrhyncha.

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Shrew

A shrew (family Soricidae) is a small mole-like mammal classified in the order Eulipotyphla.

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Song dynasty

The Song dynasty (960–1279) was an era of Chinese history that began in 960 and continued until 1279.

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Sooty mold

Sooty mold is a collective term for different Ascomycete fungi, which includes many genera, commonly Cladosporium and Alternaria.

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South America

South America is a continent in the Western Hemisphere, mostly in the Southern Hemisphere, with a relatively small portion in the Northern Hemisphere.

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Spathius agrili

Spathius agrili is a parasitic non-stinging wasp of family Braconidae which is native to North Asia.

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Spider mite

Spider mites are members of the Acari (mite) family Tetranychidae, which includes about 1,200 species.

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Spruce

A spruce is a tree of the genus Picea, a genus of about 35 species of coniferous evergreen trees in the family Pinaceae, found in the northern temperate and boreal (taiga) regions of the Earth.

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Sterile insect technique

The sterile insect technique (SIT) is a method of biological insect control, whereby overwhelming numbers of sterile insects are released into the wild.

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Stethorus punctillum

Stethorus punctillum, known generally as the lesser mite destroyer or spider mite destroyer, is a species of lady beetle in the family Coccinellidae.

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Straw

Straw is an agricultural by-product, the dry stalks of cereal plants, after the grain and chaff have been removed.

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Striga

Striga, commonly known as witchweed, is a genus of parasitic plants that occur naturally in parts of Africa, Asia, and Australia.

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Sustainable agriculture

Sustainable agriculture is farming in sustainable ways based on an understanding of ecosystem services, the study of relationships between organisms and their environment.

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Sustainable gardening

Sustainable gardening includes the more specific sustainable landscapes, sustainable landscape design, sustainable landscaping, sustainable landscape architecture, resulting in sustainable sites.

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Synchytrium

Synchytrium is a large genus of plant pathogens within the phylum Chytridiomycota.

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Tachinidae

The Tachinidae are a large and variable family of true flies within the insect order Diptera, with more than 8,200 known species and many more to be discovered.

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Tang dynasty

The Tang dynasty or the Tang Empire was an imperial dynasty of China preceded by the Sui dynasty and followed by the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period.

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Tetranychus urticae

Tetranychus urticae (common names include red spider mite and two-spotted spider mite) is a species of plant-feeding mite generally considered to be a pest.

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Thrips

Thrips (order Thysanoptera) are minute (most are 1 mm long or less), slender insects with fringed wings and unique asymmetrical mouthparts.

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Tiger snake

Tiger snakes are a venomous snake species found in the southern regions of Australia, including its coastal islands, such as Tasmania.

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Toad

Toad is a common name for certain frogs, especially of the family Bufonidae, that are characterized by dry, leathery skin, short legs, and large bumps covering the parotoid glands.

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Trichoderma

Trichoderma is a genus of fungi that is present in all soils, where they are the most prevalent culturable fungi.

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Trichoderma viride

Trichoderma viride is a fungus and a biofungicide.

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Trichogramma

Trichogramma is a genus of minute polyphagous wasps that are endoparasitoids of insect eggs.

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Unintended consequences

In the social sciences, unintended consequences (sometimes unanticipated consequences or unforeseen consequences) are outcomes that are not the ones foreseen and intended by a purposeful action.

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United States

The United States of America (USA), commonly known as the United States (U.S.) or America, is a federal republic composed of 50 states, a federal district, five major self-governing territories, and various possessions.

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United States Department of Agriculture

The United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), also known as the Agriculture Department, is the U.S. federal executive department responsible for developing and executing federal laws related to farming, forestry, and food.

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United States National Agricultural Library

The United States National Agricultural Library (NAL) is one of the world's largest agricultural research libraries, and serves as a national library of the United States and as the library of the United States Department of Agriculture.

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Vietnam

Vietnam, officially the Socialist Republic of Vietnam, is the easternmost country on the Indochina Peninsula in Southeast Asia.

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Virus

A virus is a small infectious agent that replicates only inside the living cells of other organisms.

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Wasp

A wasp is any insect of the order Hymenoptera and suborder Apocrita that is neither a bee nor an ant.

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Weed

A weed is a plant considered undesirable in a particular situation, "a plant in the wrong place".

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Weevil

A weevil is a type of beetle from the Curculionoidea superfamily.

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Western flower thrips

The western flower thrips is an important pest insect in agriculture.

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Whitefly

Whiteflies are small Hemipterans that typically feed on the undersides of plant leaves.

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Windbreak

A windbreak (shelterbelt) is a plantation usually made up of one or more rows of trees or shrubs planted in such a manner as to provide shelter from the wind and to protect soil from erosion.

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Wood wool

Wood wool, known primarily as excelsior in North America, is a product made of wood slivers cut from logs and is mainly used in packaging, for cooling pads in home evaporative cooling systems known as swamp coolers, for erosion control mats, and as a raw material for the production of other products such as bonded wood wool boards and used as stuffing for stuffed animals.

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Biocontrol, Biocontrol agent, Bioinsecticide, Biological Control, Biological Control Agent, Biological control, Biological control agent, Biological controls, Biological crop protection, Biologically control, Classical biological control, Fruit fly control, Natural control.

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biological_pest_control

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