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Bretton Woods Conference

Index Bretton Woods Conference

The Bretton Woods Conference, formally known as the United Nations Monetary and Financial Conference, was the gathering of 730 delegates from all 44 Allied nations at the Mount Washington Hotel, situated in Bretton Woods, New Hampshire, United States, to regulate the international monetary and financial order after the conclusion of World War II. [1]

94 relations: Allies of World War II, André Liautaud, Andrés Soriano, Arthur Tange, Atlantic Charter, Atlantic City, New Jersey, Balance of payments, Bancor, Bank for International Settlements, Bretton Woods Committee, Bretton Woods system, Bretton Woods, New Hampshire, C. D. Deshmukh, Camille Gutt, Capitalism, Carlos Lleras Restrepo, Commonwealth of the Philippines, Convertibility, Cuba, Dean Acheson, Delegate, Douglas Abbott, Economic nationalism, Economic reconstruction, Ethiopian Empire, Exchange rate, Fixed exchange-rate system, Foreign exchange market, Franklin D. Roosevelt, FRASER, Fred M. Vinson, Frederick Wheeler (public servant), Free trade, Full employment, General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade, Georges Theunis, Gold standard, Guillermo Sevilla Sacasa, H. H. Kung, Harry Dexter White, Harry S. Truman, Havana, Henry Morgenthau Jr., Ibrahim Aqil, International Bank for Reconstruction and Development, International Clearing Union, International finance, International Monetary Fund, International monetary systems, International trade, ..., International Trade Organization, James Lorimer Ilsley, Johan Beyen, John Maynard Keynes, Kingdom of Egypt, Kingdom of Greece, Kingdom of Iraq, Kuo Ping-Wen, Leslie Melville, Lionel Chevrier, Lionel Robbins, List of Allied World War II conferences, Louis St. Laurent, Marshall Plan, Monetarism, Mount Washington Hotel, New Hampshire, Nixon shock, Norway, Oxford University Press, Pahlavi dynasty, Pedro Beltrán Espantoso, Pierre Mendès France, Princeton University Press, Protectionism, R. K. Shanmukham Chetty, René Boël, Republic of China (1912–1949), Republic of Cuba (1902–1959), Roberto de Oliveira Campos, Savannah, Georgia, The Battle of Bretton Woods, Tsiang Tingfu, Union of South Africa, United Nations, United States Senate, Uruguay Round, Víctor Urquidi, Walter Nash, Wilhelm Keilhau, World Bank, World Trade Organization, World War I, World War II. Expand index (44 more) »

Allies of World War II

The Allies of World War II, called the United Nations from the 1 January 1942 declaration, were the countries that together opposed the Axis powers during the Second World War (1939–1945).

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André Liautaud

André Liautaud was a Haitian diplomat and politician.

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Andrés Soriano

Andrés Soriano Sr. (February 8, 1898 – December 30, 1964) was a Spanish Filipino industrialist.

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Arthur Tange

Sir Arthur Harold Tange (18 August 1914 – 10 May 2001) was a prominent Australian senior public servant of the middle to late 20th century.

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Atlantic Charter

The Atlantic Charter was a pivotal policy statement issued during World War II on 14 August 1941, which defined the Allied goals for the post war world.

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Atlantic City, New Jersey

Atlantic City is a resort city in Atlantic County, New Jersey, United States, known for its casinos, boardwalk, and beaches.

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Balance of payments

The balance of payments, also known as balance of international payments and abbreviated B.O.P. or BoP, of a country is the record of all economic transactions between the residents of the country and of the world in a particular period (over a quarter of a year or more commonly over a year).

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Bancor

The bancor was a supranational currency that John Maynard Keynes and E. F. Schumacher conceptualised in the years 1940–1942 and which the United Kingdom proposed to introduce after World War II.

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Bank for International Settlements

The Bank for International Settlements (BIS) is an international financial institution owned by central banks which "fosters international monetary and financial cooperation and serves as a bank for central banks".

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Bretton Woods Committee

The Bretton Woods Committee is an American organization created in 1983 as a result of the agreement between U.S. Secretary of the Treasury, Henry Fowler, and U.S. Deputy Secretary of the Treasury, Charls Walker – at the time a Democrat and a Republican, respectively.

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Bretton Woods system

The Bretton Woods system of monetary management established the rules for commercial and financial relations among the United States, Canada, Western Europe, Australia, and Japan after the 1944 Bretton-Woods Agreement.

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Bretton Woods, New Hampshire

Bretton Woods is an area within the town of Carroll, New Hampshire, United States, whose principal points of interest are three leisure and recreation facilities.

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C. D. Deshmukh

Sir Chintaman Dwarakanath Deshmukh, CIE, ICS (14 January 1896 – 2 October 1982) was an Indian civil servant and the first Indian to be appointed as the Governor of the Reserve Bank of India in 1943 by the British Raj authorities.

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Camille Gutt

Camille Gutt (14 November 1884 – 7 June 1971), born Camille Guttenstein, was a Belgian economist, politician, and industrialist.

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Capitalism

Capitalism is an economic system based upon private ownership of the means of production and their operation for profit.

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Carlos Lleras Restrepo

Carlos Alberto Lleras Restrepo (12 April 1908 – 27 September 1994) was the 22nd President of Colombia from 1966 to 1970.

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Commonwealth of the Philippines

The Commonwealth of the Philippines (Commonwealth de Filipinas; Komonwelt ng Pilipinas) was the administrative body that governed the Philippines from 1935 to 1946, aside from a period of exile in the Second World War from 1942 to 1945 when Japan occupied the country.

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Convertibility

Convertibility is the quality that allows money or other financial instruments to be converted into other liquid stores of value.

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Cuba

Cuba, officially the Republic of Cuba, is a country comprising the island of Cuba as well as Isla de la Juventud and several minor archipelagos.

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Dean Acheson

Dean Gooderham Acheson (pronounced; April 11, 1893 – October 12, 1971) was an American statesman and lawyer.

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Delegate

A delegate is someone who attends or communicates the ideas of or acts on behalf of an organization at a meeting or conference between organizations, which may be at the same level or involved in a common field of work or interest.

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Douglas Abbott

Douglas Charles Abbott, (May 29, 1899 – March 15, 1987) was a Canadian Member of Parliament, federal Cabinet Minister, and justice of the Supreme Court of Canada.

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Economic nationalism

Economic nationalism, or economic patriotism, refers to an ideology that favors state interventionism in the economy, with policies that emphasize domestic control of the economy, labor, and capital formation, even if this requires the imposition of tariffs and other restrictions on the movement of labor, goods and capital.

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Economic reconstruction

Economic reconstruction refers to a process for creating a proactive vision of economic change.

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Ethiopian Empire

The Ethiopian Empire (የኢትዮጵያ ንጉሠ ነገሥት መንግሥተ), also known as Abyssinia (derived from the Arabic al-Habash), was a kingdom that spanned a geographical area in the current state of Ethiopia.

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Exchange rate

In finance, an exchange rate is the rate at which one currency will be exchanged for another.

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Fixed exchange-rate system

A fixed exchange rate, sometimes called a pegged exchange rate, is a type of exchange rate regime where a currency's value is fixed against either the value of another single currency, to a basket of other currencies, or to another measure of value, such as gold.

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Foreign exchange market

The foreign exchange market (Forex, FX, or currency market) is a global decentralized or over-the-counter (OTC) market for the trading of currencies.

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Franklin D. Roosevelt

Franklin Delano Roosevelt Sr. (January 30, 1882 – April 12, 1945), often referred to by his initials FDR, was an American statesman and political leader who served as the 32nd President of the United States from 1933 until his death in 1945.

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FRASER

The Federal Reserve Archival System for Economic Research (FRASER) is a digital archive begun in 2004 by the Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis to safeguard, preserve and provide easy access to the United States’ economic history, particularly the history of the Federal Reserve System, through digitization of documents related to the U.S. financial system.

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Fred M. Vinson

Frederick "Fred" Moore Vinson (January 22, 1890 – September 8, 1953) was an American Democratic politician who served the United States in all three branches of government.

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Frederick Wheeler (public servant)

Sir Frederick Henry Wheeler (9 January 1914 – 5 August 1994) was a senior Australian public servant.

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Free trade

Free trade is a free market policy followed by some international markets in which countries' governments do not restrict imports from, or exports to, other countries.

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Full employment

Full employment means that everyone who wants a job have all the hours of work they need on "fair wages".

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General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade

General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) was a legal agreement between many countries, whose overall purpose was to promote international trade by reducing or eliminating trade barriers such as tariffs or quotas.

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Georges Theunis

Georges (George) Emile Léonard Theunis (28 February 1873 – 4 January 1966) was the 24th Prime Minister of Belgium from 16 December 1921 to 13 May 1925 and again from 20 November 1934 to 25 March 1935.

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Gold standard

A gold standard is a monetary system in which the standard economic unit of account is based on a fixed quantity of gold.

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Guillermo Sevilla Sacasa

Guillermo Sevilla Sacasa (September 11, 1908, Leon, Nicaragua – December 16, 1997 Potomac, Maryland, United States) was the Nicaraguan ambassador to the United States from 1943 until July 19, 1979, when President Anastasio Somoza Debayle was forced into exile following the Nicaraguan Revolution.

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H. H. Kung

Kung Hsiang-hsi (September 11, 1881 – August 16, 1967), often known as Dr.

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Harry Dexter White

Harry Dexter White (October 9, 1892 – August 16, 1948) was a Soviet informant while serving as a senior U.S. Treasury department official.

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Harry S. Truman

Harry S. Truman (May 8, 1884 – December 26, 1972) was an American statesman who served as the 33rd President of the United States (1945–1953), taking office upon the death of Franklin D. Roosevelt.

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Havana

Havana (Spanish: La Habana) is the capital city, largest city, province, major port, and leading commercial center of Cuba.

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Henry Morgenthau Jr.

Henry Morgenthau Jr. (May 11, 1891 – February 6, 1967) was the United States Secretary of the Treasury during the administration of Franklin D. Roosevelt.

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Ibrahim Aqil

Ibrahim Aqil Kamal (ابراهيم عقيل كمال; born April 14, 1979 in Amman), more commonly known as Ibrahim Aqil, is a Jordanian taekwondo practitioner, who competed in the men's heavyweight category.

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International Bank for Reconstruction and Development

The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD) is an international financial institution that offers loans to middle-income developing countries.

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International Clearing Union

The International Clearing Union (ICU) was one of the institutions proposed to be set up at the 1944 United Nations Monetary and Financial Conference at Bretton Woods, New Hampshire, in the United States, by British economist John Maynard Keynes.

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International finance

International finance (also referred to as international monetary economics or international macroeconomics) is the branch of financial economics broadly concerned with monetary and macroeconomic interrelations between two or more countries.

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International Monetary Fund

The International Monetary Fund (IMF) is an international organization headquartered in Washington, D.C., consisting of "189 countries working to foster global monetary cooperation, secure financial stability, facilitate international trade, promote high employment and sustainable economic growth, and reduce poverty around the world." Formed in 1945 at the Bretton Woods Conference primarily by the ideas of Harry Dexter White and John Maynard Keynes, it came into formal existence in 1945 with 29 member countries and the goal of reconstructing the international payment system.

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International monetary systems

International monetary systems are sets of internationally agreed rules, conventions and supporting institutions, that facilitate international trade, cross border investment and generally the reallocation of capital between nation states.

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International trade

International trade is the exchange of capital, goods, and services across international borders or territories.

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International Trade Organization

The International Trade Organization (ITO) was the proposed name for an international institution for the regulation of trade.

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James Lorimer Ilsley

James Lorimer Ilsley, (January 3, 1894 – January 14, 1967) was a Canadian politician and jurist.

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Johan Beyen

Johan Willem Beyen (2 May 1897 in Utrecht – 29 April 1976 in 's-Gravenhage) was a Dutch banker, civil servant, politician, and diplomat.

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John Maynard Keynes

John Maynard Keynes, 1st Baron Keynes (5 June 1883 – 21 April 1946), was a British economist whose ideas fundamentally changed the theory and practice of macroeconomics and the economic policies of governments.

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Kingdom of Egypt

The Kingdom of Egypt (المملكة المصرية; المملكه المصريه, "the Egyptian Kingdom") was the de jure independent Egyptian state established under the Muhammad Ali Dynasty in 1922 following the Unilateral Declaration of Egyptian Independence by the United Kingdom.

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Kingdom of Greece

The Kingdom of Greece (Greek: Βασίλειον τῆς Ἑλλάδος) was a state established in 1832 at the Convention of London by the Great Powers (the United Kingdom, Kingdom of France and the Russian Empire).

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Kingdom of Iraq

The Hashemite Kingdom of Iraq (المملكة العراقية الهاشمية) was founded on 23 August 1921 under British administration following the defeat of the Ottoman Empire in the Mesopotamian campaign of World War I. Although a League of Nations mandate was awarded to the UK in 1920, the 1920 Iraqi revolt resulted in the scrapping of the original mandate plan in favor of a British administered semi-independent kingdom, under the Hashemite allies of Britain, via the Anglo-Iraqi Treaty.

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Kuo Ping-Wen

Kuo Ping-Wen or Guo Bingwen (1880–1969), courtesy name Hongsheng (鴻聲), was an influential Chinese educator.

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Leslie Melville

Sir Leslie Galfreid Melville (26 March 190230 April 2002) was a renowned Australian economist, academic and public servant.

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Lionel Chevrier

Lionel Chevrier, (April 2, 1903 – July 8, 1987) was a Canadian Member of Parliament and cabinet minister.

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Lionel Robbins

Lionel Charles Robbins, Baron Robbins, (22 November 1898 – 15 May 1984) was a British economist, and prominent member of the economics department at the London School of Economics.

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List of Allied World War II conferences

This is a list of World War II conferences of the Allies of World War II.

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Louis St. Laurent

Louis Stephen St.

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Marshall Plan

The Marshall Plan (officially the European Recovery Program, ERP) was an American initiative to aid Western Europe, in which the United States gave over $13 billion (nearly $ billion in US dollars) in economic assistance to help rebuild Western European economies after the end of World War II.

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Monetarism

Monetarism is a school of thought in monetary economics that emphasizes the role of governments in controlling the amount of money in circulation.

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Mount Washington Hotel

The Mount Washington Hotel is a hotel in Bretton Woods, New Hampshire, near Mount Washington.

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New Hampshire

New Hampshire is a state in the New England region of the northeastern United States.

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Nixon shock

The Nixon shock was a series of economic measures undertaken by United States President Richard Nixon in 1971, the most significant of which was the unilateral cancellation of the direct international convertibility of the United States dollar to gold.

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Norway

Norway (Norwegian: (Bokmål) or (Nynorsk); Norga), officially the Kingdom of Norway, is a unitary sovereign state whose territory comprises the western portion of the Scandinavian Peninsula plus the remote island of Jan Mayen and the archipelago of Svalbard.

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Oxford University Press

Oxford University Press (OUP) is the largest university press in the world, and the second oldest after Cambridge University Press.

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Pahlavi dynasty

The Pahlavi dynasty (دودمان پهلوی) was the ruling house of the imperial state of Iran from 1925 until 1979, when the 2,500 years of continuous Persian monarchy was overthrown and abolished as a result of the Iranian Revolution.

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Pedro Beltrán Espantoso

Pedro Gerardo María Beltrán Espantoso (17 February 1897–16 February 1979), was a Peruvian journalist, economist and politician.

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Pierre Mendès France

Pierre Isaac Isidore Mendès-France (11 January 1907 – 18 October 1982), known as PMF, was a French politician who served as President of the Council of MinistersEquivalent in the French Fourth Republic to Prime Minister for eight months from 1954 to 1955.

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Princeton University Press

Princeton University Press is an independent publisher with close connections to Princeton University.

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Protectionism

Protectionism is the economic policy of restricting imports from other countries through methods such as tariffs on imported goods, import quotas, and a variety of other government regulations.

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R. K. Shanmukham Chetty

Sir Ramasamy Chetty Kandasamy Shanmukham Chetty KCIE (17 October 1892 – 5 May 1953) was an Indian lawyer, economist and politician who served as independent India's first finance minister from 1947 to 1949.

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René Boël

Count René Boël (1899-1990) was a Belgian industrialist and Director of the Usines Gustave Boël.

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Republic of China (1912–1949)

The Republic of China was a sovereign state in East Asia, that occupied the territories of modern China, and for part of its history Mongolia and Taiwan.

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Republic of Cuba (1902–1959)

The Republic of Cuba (Spanish: República de Cuba) of 1902 to 1959, refers to the historical period in Cuba from 1902, when Cuba seceded from US rule in the aftermath of the Spanish–American War that took Cuba from Spanish rule in 1898, until communist revolutionaries took power in 1959.

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Roberto de Oliveira Campos

Roberto de Oliveira Campos (17 April 1917 – 9 October 2001) was a Brazilian economist, writer, diplomat, politician and member of the Brazilian Academy of Letters.

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Savannah, Georgia

Savannah is the oldest city in the U.S. state of Georgia and is the county seat of Chatham County.

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The Battle of Bretton Woods

The Battle of Bretton Woods: John Maynard Keynes, Harry Dexter White, and the Making of a New World Order is a 2013 non-fiction book by Dr.

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Tsiang Tingfu

Tsiang Tingfu (17 February 1895 – 9 October 1965) who publish in English under the name T.F. Tsiang, was a historian and diplomat of the Republic of China.

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Union of South Africa

The Union of South Africa (Unie van Zuid-Afrika, Unie van Suid-Afrika) is the historic predecessor to the present-day Republic of South Africa.

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United Nations

The United Nations (UN) is an intergovernmental organization tasked to promote international cooperation and to create and maintain international order.

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United States Senate

The United States Senate is the upper chamber of the United States Congress, which along with the United States House of Representatives—the lower chamber—comprise the legislature of the United States.

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Uruguay Round

The Uruguay Round was the 8th round of multilateral trade negotiations (MTN) conducted within the framework of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT), spanning from 1986 to 1994 and embracing 123 countries as "contracting parties".

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Víctor Urquidi

Víctor Luis Urquidi Bingham (Neuilly, France, 3 May 1919 – Mexico City, 23 August 2004) was a Mexican civil servant, economist, and academic.

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Walter Nash

Sir Walter Nash (12 February 1882 – 4 June 1968) was a British-born New Zealand politician who served as the 27th Prime Minister of New Zealand in the Second Labour Government from 1957 to 1960.

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Wilhelm Keilhau

Wilhelm Christian Ottesen Keilhau (30 July 1888 – 9 June 1954) was a Norwegian historian and economist.

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World Bank

The World Bank (Banque mondiale) is an international financial institution that provides loans to countries of the world for capital projects.

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World Trade Organization

The World Trade Organization (WTO) is an intergovernmental organization that regulates international trade.

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World War I

World War I (often abbreviated as WWI or WW1), also known as the First World War, the Great War, or the War to End All Wars, was a global war originating in Europe that lasted from 28 July 1914 to 11 November 1918.

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World War II

World War II (often abbreviated to WWII or WW2), also known as the Second World War, was a global war that lasted from 1939 to 1945, although conflicts reflecting the ideological clash between what would become the Allied and Axis blocs began earlier.

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Bretton Woods conference, Monetary Conferences, United Nations Monetary & Financial Conference, United Nations Monetary And Financial Conference, United Nations Monetary and Financial Conference.

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bretton_Woods_Conference

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