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138 relations: Andrea Horwath, Andrew McNaughton, Arthur Meighen, Australian Capital Territory, Balance of power (parliament), Beaver River (electoral district), Bloc Québécois, By-elections to the 30th Canadian Parliament, Canada, Canadian federal election, 1945, Charles II of England, Co-operative Commonwealth Federation, Commonwealth of Nations, Conscription Crisis of 1944, Conservative Party (UK), Darren Hughes, Dáil Éireann, Deborah Grey, Democratic Party (United States), Disqualification of convicted representatives in India, Donald Dewar, Dublin South-West (Dáil Éireann constituency), Dublin South-West by-election, 2014, Election Day (United States), English Reformation Parliament, Filibuster, First-past-the-post voting, France, General election, Gilles Duceppe, Glasgow Anniesland (Scottish Parliament constituency), Greater London Council, Grey North, Haliburton—Kawartha Lakes—Brock (provincial electoral district), Hochelaga (electoral district), House of Commons of England, Irish local elections, 2014, Irish Water, Italy, John Tory, Joseph W. Noseworthy, Ken Livingstone, Labour government, 1974–1979, Labour Party (UK), Laurier—Sainte-Marie, Leyton, Leyton by-election, 1965, List of Alberta by-elections, List of Australian federal by-elections, List of British Columbia by-elections, ..., List of by-elections in Tuvalu, List of by-elections to the National Assembly for Wales, List of by-elections to the Scottish Parliament, List of federal by-elections in Canada, List of Hong Kong by-elections, List of Irish by-elections, List of Manitoba by-elections, List of New Brunswick by-elections, List of New South Wales state by-elections, List of New Zealand by-elections, List of Newfoundland and Labrador by-elections, List of Northern Territory by-elections, List of Nova Scotia by-elections, List of Ontario by-elections, List of Ontario Legislative Assemblies, List of Quebec by-elections, List of Queensland state by-elections, List of Saskatchewan by-elections, List of Solomon Islands by-elections, List of South Australian House of Assembly by-elections, List of special elections to the Philippine Congress, List of special elections to the United States House of Representatives, List of special elections to the United States Senate, List of United Kingdom by-elections (2010–present), List of Victorian state by-elections, List of Western Australian state by-elections, List of Yukon by-elections, Local government in the United States, London, Louisa Wall, Margaret Thatcher, Meech Lake Accord, Members of the 31st Dáil, Michael Thrasher, Minority government, Mixed-member proportional representation, Motion of no confidence, New Democratic Party, New Party (Canada), New Zealand, New Zealand Labour Party, Nobility, Official party status, Ontario, Ontario New Democratic Party, Pakistan, Parliament, Party-list proportional representation, Patrick Gordon Walker, Paul Murphy (Irish politician), Peterborough—Kawartha, Pierre Juneau, Pierre Trudeau, Progressive Conservative Party of Canada, Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario, Proportional representation, Quorum, Recall election, Reform Party of Canada, Republic of Ireland, Republican Party (United States), Routledge, Scotland, Scott Brown (politician), Second Major ministry, Single transferable vote, Single-member district, Sinn Féin, Smethwick in the 1964 general election, Solidarity (Ireland), State legislature (United States), Tasmania, Ted Kennedy, The New Zealand Herald, Thomas Cromwell, Two-round system, Types of democracy, UK Parliamentary by-elections, United Kingdom, United Kingdom by-election records, United Kingdom general election, 1964, United States, United States House of Representatives, United States Senate, United States Senate special election in Massachusetts, 2010, Walter Pitman, William Lyon Mackenzie King, York South. Expand index (88 more) »
Andrea Horwath
Andrea Horwath, (pronounced,, born October 24, 1962) is a Canadian politician and community development coordinator who is the Leader of the Official Opposition in Ontario and Leader of the Ontario New Democratic Party.
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Andrew McNaughton
General Andrew George Latta McNaughton (25 February 1887 – 11 July 1966) was a Canadian electrical engineer, scientist, army officer, cabinet minister, diplomat and President of the UN Security Council.
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Arthur Meighen
Arthur Meighen (16 June 1874 – 5 August 1960) was a Canadian lawyer and politician who served as the ninth Prime Minister of Canada, in office from July 1920 to December 1921 and again from June to September 1926.
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Australian Capital Territory
The Australian Capital Territory (ACT; known as the Federal Capital Territory until 1938) is Australia's federal district, located in the south-east of the country and enclaved within the state of New South Wales.
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Balance of power (parliament)
In parliamentary politics, the term balance of power may describe a parliamentary situation in which a member or a number of members of chamber are in a position by their uncommitted vote to enable a party to attain and remain in minority government, and the term may also be applied to the members who hold that position.
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Beaver River (electoral district)
Beaver River was a federal electoral district represented in the House of Commons of Canada from 1988 to 1997.
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Bloc Québécois
The Bloc Québécois (BQ) is a federal political party in Canada devoted to Quebec nationalism and the promotion of Quebec sovereignty.
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By-elections to the 30th Canadian Parliament
By-elections to the 30th Canadian Parliament were held to fill vacancies in the House of Commons of Canada between the 1974 federal election and the 1979 federal election.
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Canada
Canada is a country located in the northern part of North America.
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Canadian federal election, 1945
The Canadian federal election of 1945 was the 20th general election in Canadian history.
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Charles II of England
Charles II (29 May 1630 – 6 February 1685) was king of England, Scotland and Ireland.
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Co-operative Commonwealth Federation
The Co-operative Commonwealth Federation (CCF) (Fédération du Commonwealth Coopératif, from 1955 the Parti social démocratique du Canada) was a social-democraticThese sources describe the CCF as a social-democratic political party.
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Commonwealth of Nations
The Commonwealth of Nations, often known as simply the Commonwealth, is an intergovernmental organisation of 53 member states that are mostly former territories of the British Empire.
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Conscription Crisis of 1944
The Conscription Crisis of 1944 was a political and military crisis following the introduction of forced military service for men in Canada during World War II.
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Conservative Party (UK)
The Conservative Party, officially the Conservative and Unionist Party, is a centre-right political party in the United Kingdom.
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Darren Hughes
Darren Colyn Hughes (born 3 April 1978) is a New Zealand former Member of Parliament between 2002 and 2011, first elected at the age of 24.
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Dáil Éireann
Dáil Éireann (lit. Assembly of Ireland) is the lower house, and principal chamber, of the Oireachtas (Irish legislature), which also includes the President of Ireland and Seanad Éireann (the upper house).
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Deborah Grey
Deborah Cleland Grey, (born July 1, 1952) is a Canadian former Member of Parliament from Alberta for the Reform Party of Canada, the Canadian Alliance, and the Conservative Party of Canada.
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Democratic Party (United States)
The Democratic Party is one of the two major contemporary political parties in the United States, along with the Republican Party (nicknamed the GOP for Grand Old Party).
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Disqualification of convicted representatives in India
On 10 July 2013, the Supreme Court of India, in its judgement of the Lily Thomas v. Union of India case (along with Lok Prahari v. Union of India), ruled that any Member of Parliament (MP), Member of the Legislative Assembly (MLA) or Member of a Legislative Council (MLC) who is convicted of a crime and awarded a minimum of two year imprisonment, loses membership of the House with immediate effect.
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Donald Dewar
Donald Campbell Dewar (21 August 1937 – 11 October 2000) was a Scottish politician, the inaugural First Minister of Scotland and an advocate of Scottish devolution.
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Dublin South-West (Dáil Éireann constituency)
Dublin South-West is a parliamentary constituency represented in Dáil Éireann, the lower house of the Irish parliament or Oireachtas.
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Dublin South-West by-election, 2014
A by-election was held in the Dáil Éireann Dublin South-West constituency in Ireland on 10 October 2014, following the election of Fine Gael TD Brian Hayes to the European Parliament.
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Election Day (United States)
In the United States, Election Day is the day set by law for the general elections of federal public officials.
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English Reformation Parliament
The English Reformation Parliament, which sat from 3 November 1529 to 14 April 1536, was the English Parliament that passed the major pieces of legislation leading to the Break with Rome and establishment of the Church of England.
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Filibuster
A filibuster is a political procedure where one or more members of parliament or congress debate over a proposed piece of legislation so as to delay or entirely prevent a decision being made on the proposal.
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First-past-the-post voting
A first-past-the-post (FPTP) voting method is one in which voters indicate on a ballot the candidate of their choice, and the candidate who receives the most votes wins.
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France
France, officially the French Republic (République française), is a sovereign state whose territory consists of metropolitan France in Western Europe, as well as several overseas regions and territories.
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General election
A general election is an election in which all or most members of a given political body are chosen.
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Gilles Duceppe
Gilles Duceppe (born July 22, 1947) is a Canadian politician, proponent of the Québec sovereignty movement and former leader of the Bloc Québécois.
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Glasgow Anniesland (Scottish Parliament constituency)
Glasgow Anniesland is a constituency of the Scottish Parliament (Holyrood).
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Greater London Council
The Greater London Council (GLC) was the top-tier local government administrative body for Greater London from 1965 to 1986.
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Grey North
Grey North was a federal electoral district represented in the House of Commons of Canada from 1867 to 1968.
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Haliburton—Kawartha Lakes—Brock (provincial electoral district)
Haliburton—Kawartha Lakes—Brock (formerly Haliburton—Victoria—Brock) is a provincial electoral district in Central Ontario, Canada.
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Hochelaga (electoral district)
Hochelaga (formerly known as Sainte-Marie and Montreal—Sainte-Marie) is a federal electoral district in Quebec, Canada, that has been represented in the House of Commons of Canada from 1867 to 1988 and since 2004.
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House of Commons of England
The House of Commons of England was the lower house of the Parliament of England (which incorporated Wales) from its development in the 14th century to the union of England and Scotland in 1707, when it was replaced by the House of Commons of Great Britain.
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Irish local elections, 2014
The 2014 Irish local elections were held in all local government areas of the Republic of Ireland on Friday, 23 May 2014, on the same day as the European Parliament election and two by-elections (Dublin West and Longford–Westmeath).
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Irish Water
Irish Water Ltd. (Irish: Uisce Éireann) is a water utility company in Ireland.
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Italy
Italy (Italia), officially the Italian Republic (Repubblica Italiana), is a sovereign state in Europe.
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John Tory
John Howard Tory, (born May 28, 1954) is a Canadian politician who is the 65th and current Mayor of Toronto, in office since 2014.
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Joseph W. Noseworthy
Joseph William Noseworthy (November 25, 1888 – March 30, 1956) was a Canadian politician.
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Ken Livingstone
Kenneth Robert Livingstone (born 17 June 1945) is an English politician who served as the Leader of the Greater London Council (GLC) from 1981 until the council was abolished in 1986, and as Mayor of London from the creation of the office in 2000 until 2008.
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Labour government, 1974–1979
The Labour Party governed the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland from 1974–1979.
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Labour Party (UK)
The Labour Party is a centre-left political party in the United Kingdom.
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Laurier—Sainte-Marie
Laurier—Sainte-Marie is a federal electoral district in Downtown Montreal, Quebec, Canada, that has been represented in the House of Commons of Canada since 1988.
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Leyton
Leyton is a district of east London and part of the London Borough of Waltham Forest, located north-east of Charing Cross in the United Kingdom.
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Leyton by-election, 1965
The Leyton by-election, 1965 was a parliamentary by-election held on 21 January 1965 for the British House of Commons constituency of Leyton in east London.
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List of Alberta by-elections
The list of Alberta by-elections includes every by-election held in the Canadian province of Alberta.
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List of Australian federal by-elections
This is a list of by-elections for the Australian House of Representatives from its creation in 1901 until the present day.
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List of British Columbia by-elections
The list of British Columbia by-elections includes every by-election held in the Canadian province of British Columbia.
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List of by-elections in Tuvalu
This is a list of by-elections to the Parliament of Tuvalu since the First Parliament in 1977, with the names of the incumbent and victor.
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List of by-elections to the National Assembly for Wales
This is a list of by-elections to the National Assembly for Wales.
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List of by-elections to the Scottish Parliament
This is a list of by-elections to the Scottish Parliament, in reverse chronological order.
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List of federal by-elections in Canada
This is a list of by-elections in Canada since Confederation.
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List of Hong Kong by-elections
This is a list of by-elections in Hong Kong, with the names of the incumbent and victor and their respective parties.
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List of Irish by-elections
This is a list of all by-elections to Dáil Éireann, the lower house of the Oireachtas (Irish legislature), since 1923.
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List of Manitoba by-elections
The list of Manitoba by-elections includes every by-election held in the Canadian province of Manitoba.
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List of New Brunswick by-elections
The list of New Brunswick by-elections includes every by-election held in the Canadian province of New Brunswick.
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List of New South Wales state by-elections
This is a list of by-elections for the New South Wales Legislative Assembly.
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List of New Zealand by-elections
By-elections in New Zealand occur to fill vacant seats in the House of Representatives.
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List of Newfoundland and Labrador by-elections
The list of Newfoundland and Labrador by-elections includes every by-election held in the Canadian province of Newfoundland and Labrador.
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List of Northern Territory by-elections
This is a list of Northern Territory by-elections, with the names of the departing and new members and their respective parties.
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List of Nova Scotia by-elections
The list of Nova Scotia by-elections includes every by-election held in the Canadian province of Nova Scotia.
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List of Ontario by-elections
The list of Ontario by-elections includes every by-election held in the Canadian province of Ontario.
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List of Ontario Legislative Assemblies
This is a list of the Parliaments of the Ontario Legislative Assembly, the legislature of the Canadian province of Ontario, since Canadian Confederation in 1867.
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List of Quebec by-elections
The list of Quebec by-elections includes every by-election held in the Canadian province of Quebec since Confederation.
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List of Queensland state by-elections
The following is a list of state by-elections for the Queensland Legislative Assembly held in the Australian state of Queensland.
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List of Saskatchewan by-elections
The list of Saskatchewan by-elections includes every by-election held in the Canadian province of Saskatchewan.
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List of Solomon Islands by-elections
This is a list of by-elections to the National Parliament of Solomon Islands since the First Parliament in 1976, with the names of the incumbent and victor and (when known) their respective parties.
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List of South Australian House of Assembly by-elections
This is a list of by-elections and scheduled by-elections for the South Australian House of Assembly.
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List of special elections to the Philippine Congress
These are the special elections (known outside the Philippines and the United States as by-elections) to the Congress of the Philippines.
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List of special elections to the United States House of Representatives
Below is a list of special elections to the United States House of Representatives.
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List of special elections to the United States Senate
Special elections to the United States Senate are held to fill the vacancies that occur when a Senator dies or resigns before the completion of his or her six-year term.
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List of United Kingdom by-elections (2010–present)
This is a list of parliamentary by-elections in the United Kingdom since 2010, with the names of the incumbent and victor and their respective parties.
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List of Victorian state by-elections
This is an incomplete list of by-elections for the Victorian Legislative Assembly. A by-election may be held when a member's seat becomes vacant through resignation, death or some other reason.
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List of Western Australian state by-elections
The list of Western Australia state by-elections includes every by-election held in the Australian state of Western Australia.
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List of Yukon by-elections
The list of Yukon by-elections includes every by-election held in the Canadian territory of Yukon.
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Local government in the United States
Local government in the United States refers to governmental jurisdictions below the level of the state.
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London
London is the capital and most populous city of England and the United Kingdom.
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Louisa Wall
Louisa Hareruia Wall (born 17 February 1972) is a New Zealand Member of Parliament and former national representative netball and rugby union player.
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Margaret Thatcher
Margaret Hilda Thatcher, Baroness Thatcher, (13 October 19258 April 2013) was a British stateswoman who served as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1979 to 1990 and Leader of the Conservative Party from 1975 to 1990.
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Meech Lake Accord
The Meech Lake Accord (Accord du lac Meech) was a series of proposed amendments to the Constitution of Canada negotiated in 1987 by Prime Minister Brian Mulroney and all 10 Canadian provincial premiers.
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Members of the 31st Dáil
The 31st Dáil Éireann constituted the lower house of the Oireachtas (legislature) of Ireland following the 2011 general election of TDs (Members of Parliament) on 25 February 2011.
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Michael Thrasher
Michael Thrasher is a British academic, Professor of Politics in the School of Sociology, Politics & Law at the University of Plymouth.
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Minority government
A minority government, or minority cabinet or minority parliament, is a cabinet formed in a parliamentary system when a political party or coalition of parties does not have a majority of overall seats in the parliament.
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Mixed-member proportional representation
Mixed-member proportional (MMP) representation is a mixed electoral system in which voters get two votes: one to decide the representative for their single-seat constituency, and one for a political party.
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Motion of no confidence
A motion of no confidence (alternatively vote of no confidence, no-confidence motion, or (unsuccessful) confidence motion) is a statement or vote which states that a person(s) in a position of responsibility (government, managerial, etc.) is no longer deemed fit to hold that position, perhaps because they are inadequate in some respect, are failing to carry out obligations, or are making decisions that other members feel are detrimental.
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New Democratic Party
The New Democratic Party (NDP; Nouveau Parti démocratique, NPD) is a social democraticThe party is widely described as social democratic.
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New Party (Canada)
New Party was the interim name used by the new political party being established in Canada from 1958 to 1961 by the Co-operative Commonwealth Federation (CCF) and the Canadian Labour Congress (CLC), which eventually defined itself as a social democratic party.
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New Zealand
New Zealand (Aotearoa) is a sovereign island country in the southwestern Pacific Ocean.
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New Zealand Labour Party
The New Zealand Labour Party (Rōpū Reipa o Aotearoa), or simply Labour (Reipa), is a centre-left political party in New Zealand.
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Nobility
Nobility is a social class in aristocracy, normally ranked immediately under royalty, that possesses more acknowledged privileges and higher social status than most other classes in a society and with membership thereof typically being hereditary.
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Official party status
Official party status refers to the Canadian practice of recognizing political parties in the Parliament of Canada and the provincial legislatures.
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Ontario
Ontario is one of the 13 provinces and territories of Canada and is located in east-central Canada.
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Ontario New Democratic Party
The Ontario New Democratic Party (ONDP or NDP; Nouveau Parti démocratique de l'Ontario) is a social democratic political party in Ontario, Canada.
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Pakistan
Pakistan (پاکِستان), officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan (اِسلامی جمہوریہ پاکِستان), is a country in South Asia.
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Parliament
In modern politics and history, a parliament is a legislative body of government.
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Party-list proportional representation
Party-list proportional representation systems are a family of voting systems emphasizing proportional representation (PR) in elections in which multiple candidates are elected (e.g., elections to parliament) through allocations to an electoral list.
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Patrick Gordon Walker
Patrick Chrestien Gordon Walker, Baron Gordon-Walker, (7 April 1907 – 2 December 1980) was a British Labour Party politician.
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Paul Murphy (Irish politician)
Paul Murphy (born 13 April 1983) is an Irish Solidarity–People Before Profit politician who has been a Teachta Dála (TD) for the Dublin South-West constituency since the 2014 Dublin South-West by-election.
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Peterborough—Kawartha
Peterborough—Kawartha is a federal electoral district in Ontario, Canada, that has been represented in the House of Commons of Canada since 1953.
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Pierre Juneau
Pierre Juneau,, (October 17, 1922 – February 21, 2012) was a Canadian film and broadcast executive, a one-time member of the Canadian Cabinet, the first chairman of the Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission (CRTC) and subsequently president of the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation.
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Pierre Trudeau
Joseph Philippe Pierre Yves Elliott Trudeau (October 18, 1919 – September 28, 2000), often referred to by the initials PET, was a Canadian statesman who served as the 15th Prime Minister of Canada (1968–1979 and 1980–1984).
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Progressive Conservative Party of Canada
No description.
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Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario
The Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario (Parti progressiste-conservateur de l'Ontario), often shortened to Ontario PC Party or PC, is a centre-right conservative political party in Ontario, Canada.
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Proportional representation
Proportional representation (PR) characterizes electoral systems by which divisions into an electorate are reflected proportionately into the elected body.
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Quorum
A quorum is the minimum number of members of a deliberative assembly (a body that uses parliamentary procedure, such as a legislature) necessary to conduct the business of that group.
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Recall election
A recall election (also called a recall referendum or representative recall) is a procedure by which voters can remove an elected official from office through a direct vote before that official's term has ended.
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Reform Party of Canada
The Reform Party of Canada (Parti réformiste du Canada) was a right-wing populist federal political party in Canada that existed from 1987 to 2000.
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Republic of Ireland
Ireland (Éire), also known as the Republic of Ireland (Poblacht na hÉireann), is a sovereign state in north-western Europe occupying 26 of 32 counties of the island of Ireland.
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Republican Party (United States)
The Republican Party, also referred to as the GOP (abbreviation for Grand Old Party), is one of the two major political parties in the United States, the other being its historic rival, the Democratic Party.
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Routledge
Routledge is a British multinational publisher.
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Scotland
Scotland (Alba) is a country that is part of the United Kingdom and covers the northern third of the island of Great Britain.
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Scott Brown (politician)
Scott Philip Brown (born September 12, 1959) is an American attorney, diplomat, and politician serving as the United States Ambassador to New Zealand and Samoa, since 2017.
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Second Major ministry
John Major formed the second Major ministry following the 1992 general election after being invited by Queen Elizabeth II to begin a new government.
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Single transferable vote
The single transferable vote (STV) is a voting system designed to achieve proportional representation through ranked voting in multi-seat organizations or constituencies (voting districts).
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Single-member district
A single-member district or single-member constituency is an electoral district that returns one officeholder to a body with multiple members such as a legislature.
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Sinn Féin
Sinn Féin (isbn) is a left-wing Irish republican political party active in both the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland.
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Smethwick in the 1964 general election
The constituency of Smethwick in the West Midlands of England gained national media coverage at the 1964 general election, when Peter Griffiths of the Conservative Party gained the seat against the national trend, amidst controversy concerning racism.
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Solidarity (Ireland)
Solidarity, formerly known as the Anti-Austerity Alliance (AAA), is a socialist political party in Ireland, launched in 2014.
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State legislature (United States)
A state legislature in the United States is the legislative body of any of the 50 U.S. states.
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Tasmania
Tasmania (abbreviated as Tas and known colloquially as Tassie) is an island state of Australia.
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Ted Kennedy
Edward Moore "Ted" Kennedy (February 22, 1932 – August 25, 2009) was an American politician who served in the United States Senate from Massachusetts for almost 47 years, from 1962 until his death in 2009.
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The New Zealand Herald
The New Zealand Herald is a daily newspaper published in Auckland, New Zealand, owned by New Zealand Media and Entertainment.
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Thomas Cromwell
Thomas Cromwell, 1st Earl of Essex (1485 – 28 July 1540) was an English lawyer and statesman who served as chief minister to King Henry VIII of England from 1532 to 1540.
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Two-round system
The two-round system (also known as the second ballot, runoff voting or ballotage) is a voting method used to elect a single winner, where the voter casts a single vote for their chosen candidate.
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Types of democracy
Types of democracy refers to kinds of governments or social structures which allow people to participate equally, either directly or indirectly.
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UK Parliamentary by-elections
Parliamentary by-elections in the United Kingdom occur following a vacancy arising in the House of Commons.
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United Kingdom
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom (UK) or Britain,Usage is mixed with some organisations, including the and preferring to use Britain as shorthand for Great Britain is a sovereign country in western Europe.
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United Kingdom by-election records
UK by-election records is an annotated list of notable records from UK Parliamentary by-elections.
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United Kingdom general election, 1964
The 1964 United Kingdom general election was held on 15 October 1964, five years after the previous election, and thirteen years after the Conservative Party, first led by Winston Churchill, had entered power.
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United States
The United States of America (USA), commonly known as the United States (U.S.) or America, is a federal republic composed of 50 states, a federal district, five major self-governing territories, and various possessions.
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United States House of Representatives
The United States House of Representatives is the lower chamber of the United States Congress, the Senate being the upper chamber.
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United States Senate
The United States Senate is the upper chamber of the United States Congress, which along with the United States House of Representatives—the lower chamber—comprise the legislature of the United States.
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United States Senate special election in Massachusetts, 2010
The 2010 United States Senate special election in Massachusetts was a special election held on January 19, 2010, in order to fill the Massachusetts Class I United States Senate seat for the remainder of the term ending January 3, 2013.
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Walter Pitman
Walter George Pitman (May 18, 1929 – 2018) was an educator and politician in Ontario, Canada.
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William Lyon Mackenzie King
William Lyon Mackenzie King (December 17, 1874 – July 22, 1950), also commonly known as Mackenzie King, was the dominant Canadian political leader from the 1920s through the 1940s.
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York South
York South was an electoral district (or "riding") in Ontario, Canada, that was represented in the House of Commons of Canada from 1904 to 1979.
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Redirects here:
Bi-election, By election, By-Election, By-Elections, By-elections, Bye election, Bye-election, Bye-elections, Byelection, Byelections, Bypoll, Re-run election, Special Election, Special election, Special elections.
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/By-election
