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Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms

Index Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms

The Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms (La Charte canadienne des droits et libertés), in Canada often simply the Charter, is a bill of rights entrenched in the Constitution of Canada. [1]

220 relations: Aboriginal title, Abortion, Abortion in Canada, Advocacy group, Alan Cairns, Alberta, Americanization, Barry Strayer, Bill of rights, Bob Rae, British Columbia Civil Liberties Association, Canada, Canada Act 1982, Canadian Bill of Rights, Canadian Civil Liberties Association, Canadian Confederation, Canadian federalism, Canadian Human Rights Act, Canadian Labour Congress, Canadian Mental Health Association, Canadian nationality law, Canadian values, Canadians, CanLII, Carswell (publisher), Cartier (typeface), Chapter Two of the Constitution of South Africa, Charlottetown Accord, Civil and political rights, Civil libertarianism, Common law, Constitution Act, 1867, Constitution Act, 1982, Constitution of Canada, Constitution of South Africa, Constitutional amendment, Constitutional convention (political custom), Constitutional references to God, Court Challenges Program of Canada, Court system of Canada, Criminal law of Canada, Crown attorney, Cruel and unusual punishment, Culture of Canada, David Berman (graphic designer), Democracy, Dialogue principle, Distinct society, Doucet-Boudreau v Nova Scotia (Minister of Education), Due process, ..., Education in Canada, English language, Equal Rights Amendment, European Convention on Human Rights, European Court of Human Rights, First Amendment to the United States Constitution, Freedom of assembly, Freedom of association, Freedom of movement, Freedom of religion, Freedom of speech, Freedom of the press, Freedom of thought, French Canadians, French language, Fundamental justice, Gérard La Forest, Government of Canada, Habeas corpus, Hate speech, History of Canada, Homosexuality, House of Commons of Canada, Human rights, Human Rights Act 1998, Human rights in Canada, Hunter v Southam Inc, Implied Bill of Rights, Indigenous peoples in Canada, Individual and group rights, International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, Intervention (law), Jamaica, Jean Chrétien, Judicial independence, Judicial review, Judiciary, Law of Canada, Law v Canada (Minister of Employment and Immigration), Left-wing politics, Legal aid, Legislative assemblies of Canadian provinces and territories, LGBT rights by country or territory, Liberal Party of Canada, List of Supreme Court of Canada cases (Dickson Court), List of Supreme Court of Canada cases (Lamer Court), List of Supreme Court of Canada cases (McLachlin Court), Living tree doctrine, Meech Lake Accord, Member of parliament, Michael Mandel (law professor), Minister of Justice and Attorney General of Canada, Minority language, Monarchy of Canada, Multiculturalism, Natural justice, Negative and positive rights, New Brunswick, New Democratic Party, Obscenity, Opinion poll, Parliament of Canada, Parliament of the United Kingdom, Parliamentary sovereignty, Parti Québécois, Patriation, Patriation Reference, Paul Martin, Peter H. Russell, Peter Hogg, Picketing, Pierre Trudeau, Political question, Politics of Canada, Pornography, Preamble to the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms, Premier of Ontario, Presumption of innocence, Prime Minister of Canada, Prince Edward Island, Progressive Conservative Party of Canada, Provinces and territories of Canada, Provincial Judges Reference, Publication ban, Purposive approach, Quebec, Quebec Charter of Human Rights and Freedoms, Quebec referendum, 1980, R v Big M Drug Mart Ltd, R v Butler, R v Kapp, R v Keegstra, R v Morgentaler, R v Oakes, R v Rahey, Rainer Knopff, Rand Dyck, REAL Women of Canada, Reference question, Reference Re BC Motor Vehicle Act, Reference Re Same-Sex Marriage, Retail, Wholesale and Department Store Union, Local 580 v Dolphin Delivery Ltd, Roy McMurtry, Roy Romanow, Rule of law, Same-sex marriage in Canada, Saskatchewan, Search and seizure, Section 1 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms, Section 10 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms, Section 11 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms, Section 12 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms, Section 13 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms, Section 14 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms, Section 15 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms, Section 16 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms, Section 16.1 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms, Section 17 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms, Section 18 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms, Section 19 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms, Section 2 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms, Section 20 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms, Section 21 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms, Section 22 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms, Section 23 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms, Section 24 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms, Section 25 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms, Section 26 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms, Section 27 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms, Section 28 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms, Section 29 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms, Section 3 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms, Section 30 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms, Section 31 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms, Section 32 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms, Section 33 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms, Section 34 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms, Section 35 of the Constitution Act, 1982, Section 4 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms, Section 5 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms, Section 6 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms, Section 7 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms, Section 8 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms, Section 9 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms, Security of person, Self-incrimination, Senate of Canada, Social equality, Standard of living, Statute, Strike action, Suffrage, Supreme Court of Canada, Supreme Court of Prince Edward Island, Svend Robinson, Ted Morton, The Vancouver Sun, United Kingdom, United States Bill of Rights, United States Constitution, Universal Declaration of Human Rights, Unsuccessful attempts to amend the Canadian Constitution, Veterans' Bill of Rights, Victoria Charter, Voting, Vriend v Alberta, Walter Tarnopolsky, Women's Legal Education and Action Fund, Women's rights. Expand index (170 more) »

Aboriginal title

Aboriginal title is a common law doctrine that the land rights of indigenous peoples to customary tenure persist after the assumption of sovereignty under settler colonialism.

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Abortion

Abortion is the ending of pregnancy by removing an embryo or fetus before it can survive outside the uterus.

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Abortion in Canada

Abortion in Canada is legal at all stages of pregnancy, and is governed by the Canada Health Act.

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Advocacy group

Advocacy groups (also known as pressure groups, lobby groups, campaign groups, interest groups, or special interest groups) use various forms of advocacy in order to influence public opinion and/or policy.

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Alan Cairns

Hugh Alan Craig Cairns, (born March 2, 1930) is a Canadian political science professor emeritus.

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Alberta

Alberta is a western province of Canada.

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Americanization

In countries outside the United States of America, Americanization or Americanisation is the influence American culture and business have on other countries, such as their media, cuisine, business practices, popular culture, technology, or political techniques.

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Barry Strayer

Barry Lee Strayer, OC (born August 13, 1932 in Moose Jaw, Saskatchewan) served as a Justice of the Canadian Federal Court of Appeal and later as a Deputy Judge of the Federal Court of Canada.

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Bill of rights

A bill of rights, sometimes called a declaration of rights or a charter of rights, is a list of the most important rights to the citizens of a country.

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Bob Rae

Robert Keith Rae, (born August 2, 1948) is a Canadian lawyer, negotiator, public speaker, and former politician.

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British Columbia Civil Liberties Association

The British Columbia Civil Liberties Association (BCCLA) is an autonomous, non-partisan charitable society that seeks to "promote, defend, sustain, and extend civil liberties and human rights." It works towards achieving this purpose through litigation, lobbying, complaint assistance, events, social media, and publications.

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Canada

Canada is a country located in the northern part of North America.

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Canada Act 1982

The Canada Act 1982 (1982 c. 11) is an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom that was passed (as stated in the preamble) at the request of the Parliament of Canada, to "patriate" Canada's constitution, ending the necessity for the British parliament to be involved in making changes to the Constitution of Canada.

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Canadian Bill of Rights

The Canadian Bill of Rights (Déclaration canadienne des droits) is a federal statute and bill of rights enacted by Parliament of Canada on August 10, 1960.

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Canadian Civil Liberties Association

The Canadian Civil Liberties Association (CCLA; Association Canadienne des Libertés Civiles) is a nonprofit organization in Canada devoted to the defence of civil liberties and constitutional rights.

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Canadian Confederation

Canadian Confederation (Confédération canadienne) was the process by which the British colonies of Canada, Nova Scotia, and New Brunswick were united into one Dominion of Canada on July 1, 1867.

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Canadian federalism

Canadian federalism involves the current nature and historical development of federal systems in Canada.

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Canadian Human Rights Act

The Canadian Human Rights Act is a statute passed by the Parliament of Canada in 1977 with the express goal of extending the law to ensure equal opportunity to individuals who may be victims of discriminatory practices based on a set of prohibited grounds such as sex, sexual orientation, race, marital status, gender identity or expression, creed, age, colour, disability, political or religious belief.

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Canadian Labour Congress

The Canadian Labour Congress, or CLC (Congrès du travail du Canada or CTC) is a national trade union centre, the central labour body in English Canada to which most Canadian labour unions are affiliated.

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Canadian Mental Health Association

The Canadian Mental Health Association (CMHA) is the Canadian association founded on April 26, 1918 by Dr.

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Canadian nationality law

Canadian nationality law is promulgated by the Citizenship Act (R.S.C., 1985, c. C-29) since 1977.

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Canadian values

Canadian values are the commonly shared ethical and human values of Canadians.

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Canadians

Canadians (Canadiens / Canadiennes) are people identified with the country of Canada.

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CanLII

The Canadian Legal Information Institute (CanLII; Institut canadien d'information juridique) is a non-profit organization created and funded by the Federation of Law Societies of Canada on behalf of its 14 member societies.

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Carswell (publisher)

Carswell is a Canadian source of information services to legal, tax & accounting, and human resource professionals.

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Cartier (typeface)

Cartier is a family of serif old style typefaces designed by Carl Dair in 1967, who was commissioned by the Governor General of Canada-in-Council to create a new and distinctively Canadian typeface.

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Chapter Two of the Constitution of South Africa

Chapter Two of the Constitution of South Africa contains the Bill of Rights, a human rights charter that protects the civil, political and socio-economic rights of all people in South Africa.

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Charlottetown Accord

The Charlottetown Accord (Accord de Charlottetown) was a package of proposed amendments to the Constitution of Canada, proposed by the Canadian federal and provincial governments in 1992.

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Civil and political rights

Civil and political rights are a class of rights that protect individuals' freedom from infringement by governments, social organizations, and private individuals.

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Civil libertarianism

Civil libertarianism is a strain of political thought that supports civil liberties, or which emphasizes the supremacy of individual rights and personal freedoms over and against any kind of authority (such as a state, a corporation, social norms imposed through peer pressure and so on).

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Common law

Common law (also known as judicial precedent or judge-made law, or case law) is that body of law derived from judicial decisions of courts and similar tribunals.

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Constitution Act, 1867

The Constitution Act, 1867, 30 & 31 Victoria, c. 3 (U.K.), R.S.C. 1985, App.

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Constitution Act, 1982

The Constitution Act, 1982 (Schedule B of the Parliament of the United Kingdom's Canada Act 1982) is a part of the Constitution of Canada.

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Constitution of Canada

The Constitution of Canada is the supreme law in Canada; the country's constitution is an amalgamation of codified acts and uncodified traditions and conventions.

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Constitution of South Africa

The Constitution of South Africa is the supreme law of the Republic of South Africa.

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Constitutional amendment

A constitutional amendment is a modification of the constitution of a nation or state.

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Constitutional convention (political custom)

A constitutional convention is an informal and uncodified procedural agreement that is followed by the institutions of a state.

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Constitutional references to God

Constitutional references to God exist in the constitutions of a number of nations, most often in the preamble.

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Court Challenges Program of Canada

The Court Challenges Program of Canada (CCP) is a non-profit organization whose stated purpose is "to provide financial assistance for important court cases that advance language and equality rights guaranteed under Canada's Constitution".

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Court system of Canada

The court system of Canada forms the judicial branch of government, formally known as "the Queen on the Bench", which interprets the law and is made up of many courts differing in levels of legal superiority and separated by jurisdiction.

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Criminal law of Canada

The criminal law of Canada is under the exclusive legislative jurisdiction of the Parliament of Canada.

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Crown attorney

Crown Attorneys or Crown Counsel (or, in Alberta and New Brunswick, Crown Prosecutors) are the prosecutors in the legal system of Canada.

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Cruel and unusual punishment

Cruel and unusual punishment is a phrase describing punishment that is considered unacceptable due to the suffering, pain, or humiliation it inflicts on the person subjected to it.

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Culture of Canada

The culture of Canada embodies the artistic, culinary, literary, humour, musical, political and social elements that are representative of Canada and Canadians.

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David Berman (graphic designer)

David Baruch Berman (R.G.D., CGD, FGDC) is a Canadian communication designer who has worked on a code of ethics for graphic designers.

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Democracy

Democracy (δημοκρατία dēmokraa thetía, literally "rule by people"), in modern usage, has three senses all for a system of government where the citizens exercise power by voting.

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Dialogue principle

In Canadian constitutional law, the dialogue principle is an approach to the interpretation of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms where judicial review of legislation is said to be part of a "dialogue" between the legislatures and the courts.

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Distinct society

Distinct society (in la société distincte) is a political term especially used during constitutional debate in Canada, in the second half of the 1980s and in the early 1990s, and present in the two failed constitutional amendments, the Meech Lake Accord and the Charlottetown Accord.

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Doucet-Boudreau v Nova Scotia (Minister of Education)

Doucet-Boudreau v Nova Scotia (Minister of Education) 3 S.C.R. 3, 2003 SCC 62, was a decision of the Supreme Court of Canada which followed the Nova Scotia Supreme Court's finding that a delay in building French language schools in Nova Scotia violated the claimants' minority language educational rights under section 23 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms.

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Due process

Due process is the legal requirement that the state must respect all legal rights that are owed to a person.

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Education in Canada

Education in Canada is for the most part provided publicly, funded and overseen by federal, provincial, and local governments.

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English language

English is a West Germanic language that was first spoken in early medieval England and is now a global lingua franca.

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Equal Rights Amendment

The Equal Rights Amendment (ERA) is a proposed amendment to the United States Constitution designed to guarantee equal legal rights for all American citizens regardless of sex; it seeks to end the legal distinctions between men and women in terms of divorce, property, employment, and other matters.

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European Convention on Human Rights

The European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR) (formally the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms) is an international treaty to protect human rights and political freedoms in Europe.

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European Court of Human Rights

The European Court of Human Rights (ECHR or ECtHR; Cour européenne des droits de l’homme) is a supranational or international court established by the European Convention on Human Rights.

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First Amendment to the United States Constitution

The First Amendment (Amendment I) to the United States Constitution prevents Congress from making any law respecting an establishment of religion, prohibiting the free exercise of religion, or abridging the freedom of speech, the freedom of the press, the right to peaceably assemble, or to petition for a governmental redress of grievances.

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Freedom of assembly

Freedom of assembly, sometimes used interchangeably with the freedom of association, is the individual right or ability of people to come together and collectively express, promote, pursue, and defend their collective or shared ideas.

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Freedom of association

Freedom of association encompasses both an individual's right to join or leave groups voluntarily, the right of the group to take collective action to pursue the interests of its members, and the right of an association to accept or decline membership based on certain criteria.

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Freedom of movement

Freedom of movement, mobility rights, or the right to travel is a human rights concept encompassing the right of individuals to travel from place to place within the territory of a country,Jérémiee Gilbert, Nomadic Peoples and Human Rights (2014), p. 73: "Freedom of movement within a country encompasses both the right to travel freely within the territory of the State and the right to relocate oneself and to choose one's place of residence".

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Freedom of religion

Freedom of religion is a principle that supports the freedom of an individual or community, in public or private, to manifest religion or belief in teaching, practice, worship, and observance without government influence or intervention.

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Freedom of speech

Freedom of speech is a principle that supports the freedom of an individual or a community to articulate their opinions and ideas without fear of retaliation, censorship, or sanction.

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Freedom of the press

Freedom of the press or freedom of the media is the principle that communication and expression through various media, including printed and electronic media, especially published materials, should be considered a right to be exercised freely.

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Freedom of thought

Freedom of thought (also called freedom of conscience or ideas) is the freedom of an individual to hold or consider a fact, viewpoint, or thought, independent of others' viewpoints.

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French Canadians

French Canadians (also referred to as Franco-Canadians or Canadiens; Canadien(ne)s français(es)) are an ethnic group who trace their ancestry to French colonists who settled in Canada from the 17th century onward.

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French language

French (le français or la langue française) is a Romance language of the Indo-European family.

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Fundamental justice

In Canadian and New Zealand law, fundamental justice is the fairness underlying the administration of justice and its operation.

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Gérard La Forest

Gérard Vincent La Forest (born April 1, 1926) is former a puisne justice of the Supreme Court of Canada from January 16, 1985 to September 30, 1997.

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Government of Canada

The Government of Canada (Gouvernement du Canada), formally Her Majesty's Government (Gouvernement de Sa Majesté), is the federal administration of Canada.

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Habeas corpus

Habeas corpus (Medieval Latin meaning literally "that you have the body") is a recourse in law through which a person can report an unlawful detention or imprisonment to a court and request that the court order the custodian of the person, usually a prison official, to bring the prisoner to court, to determine whether the detention is lawful.

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Hate speech

Hate speech is speech that attacks a person or group on the basis of attributes such as race, religion, ethnic origin, national origin, gender, disability, sexual orientation, or gender identity.

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History of Canada

The history of Canada covers the period from the arrival of Paleo-Indians thousands of years ago to the present day.

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Homosexuality

Homosexuality is romantic attraction, sexual attraction or sexual behavior between members of the same sex or gender.

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House of Commons of Canada

The House of Commons of Canada (Chambre des communes du Canada) is a component of the Parliament of Canada, along with the Sovereign (represented by the Governor General) and the Senate.

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Human rights

Human rights are moral principles or normsJames Nickel, with assistance from Thomas Pogge, M.B.E. Smith, and Leif Wenar, December 13, 2013, Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy,, Retrieved August 14, 2014 that describe certain standards of human behaviour and are regularly protected as natural and legal rights in municipal and international law.

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Human Rights Act 1998

The Human Rights Act 1998 (c42) is an Act of Parliament of the United Kingdom which received Royal Assent on 9 November 1998, and mostly came into force on 2 October 2000.

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Human rights in Canada

Since signing the Universal Declaration of Human Rights in 1948, the Canadian government has attempted to make universal human rights a part of Canadian law.

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Hunter v Southam Inc

Hunter v Southam Inc 2 S.C.R. 145 is a landmark Supreme Court of Canada privacy rights case and as well is the first Supreme Court decision to consider section 8 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms.

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Implied Bill of Rights

The Implied Bill of Rights is a judicial theory in Canadian jurisprudence that recognizes that certain basic principles are underlying the Constitution of Canada.

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Indigenous peoples in Canada

Indigenous peoples in Canada, also known as Native Canadians or Aboriginal Canadians, are the indigenous peoples within the boundaries of present-day Canada.

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Individual and group rights

Group rights, also known as collective rights, are rights held by a group qua group rather than by its members severally; in contrast, individual rights are rights held by individual people; even if they are group-differentiated, which most rights are, they remain individual rights if the right-holders are the individuals themselves.

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International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights

The International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR) is a multilateral treaty adopted by the United Nations General Assembly with resolution 2200A (XXI) on 16 December 1966, and in force from 23 March 1976 in accordance with Article 49 of the covenant.

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International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights

The International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (ICESCR) is a multilateral treaty adopted by the United Nations General Assembly on 16 December 1966, and came in force from 3 January 1976.

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Intervention (law)

In law, intervention is a procedure to allow a nonparty, called intervenor (also spelled intervener) to join ongoing litigation, either as a matter of right or at the discretion of the court, without the permission of the original litigants.

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Jamaica

Jamaica is an island country situated in the Caribbean Sea.

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Jean Chrétien

Joseph Jacques Jean Chrétien (born January 11, 1934), known commonly as Jean Chrétien, is a Canadian politician who served as the 20th Prime Minister of Canada from November 4, 1993, to December 12, 2003.

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Judicial independence

Judicial independence is the concept that the judiciary needs to be kept away from the other branches of government.

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Judicial review

Judicial review is a process under which executive or legislative actions are subject to review by the judiciary.

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Judiciary

The judiciary (also known as the judicial system or court system) is the system of courts that interprets and applies the law in the name of the state.

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Law of Canada

The Canadian legal system has its foundation in the English common law system, inherited from being a former colony of the United Kingdom and later a Commonwealth Realm member of the Commonwealth of Nations.

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Law v Canada (Minister of Employment and Immigration)

Law v Canada (Minister of Employment and Immigration), 1 SCR 497 is a leading Supreme Court of Canada decision.

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Left-wing politics

Left-wing politics supports social equality and egalitarianism, often in opposition to social hierarchy.

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Legal aid

Legal aid is the provision of assistance to people otherwise unable to afford legal representation and access to the court system.

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Legislative assemblies of Canadian provinces and territories

This is a list of the Legislative Assemblies of Canada's provinces and territories. Each province's legislative assembly, along with the province's Lieutenant Governor, form the province's legislature (which is called a parliament or general assembly in some provinces).

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LGBT rights by country or territory

Laws affecting lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) people vary greatly by country or territory; everything from the legal recognition of same-sex marriage to the death penalty as punishment for same-sex romantic/sexual activity or identity.

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Liberal Party of Canada

The Liberal Party of Canada (Parti libéral du Canada), colloquially known as the Grits, is the oldest federal political party in Canada.

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List of Supreme Court of Canada cases (Dickson Court)

This is a chronological list of notable cases decided by the Supreme Court of Canada from Brian Dickson's appointment as Chief Justice on April 18, 1984 to his retirement on June 30, 1990.

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List of Supreme Court of Canada cases (Lamer Court)

This is a chronological list of notable cases decided by the Supreme Court of Canada from appointment of Antonio Lamer as Chief Justice of Canada to his retirement.

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List of Supreme Court of Canada cases (McLachlin Court)

This is a chronological list of notable cases decided by the Supreme Court of Canada from the appointment of Beverley McLachlin as Chief Justice of Canada to her retirement in 2017.

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Living tree doctrine

In Canadian law, the living tree doctrine is a doctrine of constitutional interpretation that says that a constitution is organic and must be read in a broad and progressive manner so as to adapt it to the changing times.

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Meech Lake Accord

The Meech Lake Accord (Accord du lac Meech) was a series of proposed amendments to the Constitution of Canada negotiated in 1987 by Prime Minister Brian Mulroney and all 10 Canadian provincial premiers.

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Member of parliament

A member of parliament (MP) is the representative of the voters to a parliament.

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Michael Mandel (law professor)

Michael Mandel (May 6, 1948 – October 27, 2013) was a Canadian legal academic, specializing in criminal law with a particular interest in criminal sentencing and legal theory.

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Minister of Justice and Attorney General of Canada

The Minister of Justice is the Minister of the Crown in the Canadian Cabinet who is responsible for the Department of Justice, chief federal legal adviser and is also Attorney General of Canada.

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Minority language

A minority language is a language spoken by a minority of the population of a territory.

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Monarchy of Canada

The monarchy of Canada is at the core of both Canada's federal structure and Westminster-style of parliamentary and constitutional democracy.

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Multiculturalism

Multiculturalism is a term with a range of meanings in the contexts of sociology, political philosophy, and in colloquial use.

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Natural justice

In English law, natural justice is technical terminology for the rule against bias (nemo iudex in causa sua) and the right to a fair hearing (audi alteram partem).

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Negative and positive rights

Negative and positive rights are rights that oblige either action (positive rights) or inaction (negative rights).

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New Brunswick

New Brunswick (Nouveau-Brunswick; Canadian French pronunciation) is one of three Maritime provinces on the east coast of Canada.

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New Democratic Party

The New Democratic Party (NDP; Nouveau Parti démocratique, NPD) is a social democraticThe party is widely described as social democratic.

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Obscenity

An obscenity is any utterance or act that strongly offends the prevalent morality of the time.

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Opinion poll

An opinion poll, often simply referred to as a poll or a survey, is a human research survey of public opinion from a particular sample.

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Parliament of Canada

The Parliament of Canada (Parlement du Canada) is the federal legislature of Canada, seated at Parliament Hill in Ottawa, the national capital.

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Parliament of the United Kingdom

The Parliament of the United Kingdom, commonly known as the UK Parliament or British Parliament, is the supreme legislative body of the United Kingdom, the Crown dependencies and overseas territories.

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Parliamentary sovereignty

Parliamentary sovereignty (also called parliamentary supremacy or legislative supremacy) is a concept in the constitutional law of some parliamentary democracies.

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Parti Québécois

The Parti Québécois (French for Quebec Party; PQ) is a sovereignist provincial political party in Quebec in Canada.

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Patriation

Patriation was the political process that led to full Canadian sovereignty, culminating with the Constitution Act, 1982.

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Patriation Reference

Reference Re Resolution to amend the Constitution – also known as the Patriation Reference – is a historic Supreme Court of Canada reference case that occurred during negotiations for the patriation of the Constitution of Canada.

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Paul Martin

Paul Edgar Philippe Martin (born August 28, 1938), also known as Paul Martin Jr., is a Canadian politician who served as the 21st Prime Minister of Canada from December 12, 2003, to February 6, 2006.

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Peter H. Russell

Peter H. Russell O.C. FRSC, is a writer and Professor Emeritus of political science at the University of Toronto, Canada, where he taught from 1958 to 1997.

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Peter Hogg

Peter Wardell Hogg, (born March 12, 1939) is a Canadian lawyer, author and legal scholar.

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Picketing

Picketing is a form of protest in which people (called picketers) congregate outside a place of work or location where an event is taking place.

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Pierre Trudeau

Joseph Philippe Pierre Yves Elliott Trudeau (October 18, 1919 – September 28, 2000), often referred to by the initials PET, was a Canadian statesman who served as the 15th Prime Minister of Canada (1968–1979 and 1980–1984).

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Political question

In American Constitutional law, the political question doctrine is closely linked to the concept of justiciability, as it comes down to a question of whether or not the court system is an appropriate forum in which to hear the case.

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Politics of Canada

The politics of Canada function within a framework of parliamentary democracy and a federal system of parliamentary government with strong democratic traditions.

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Pornography

Pornography (often abbreviated porn) is the portrayal of sexual subject matter for the exclusive purpose of sexual arousal.

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Preamble to the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms

The preamble to the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms is the introductory sentence to the Constitution of Canada's Charter of Rights and Constitution Act, 1982.

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Premier of Ontario

The Premier of Ontario (Premier ministre de l'Ontario) is the first minister of the Crown for the Canadian province of Ontario and the province’s head of government.

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Presumption of innocence

The presumption of innocence is the principle that one is considered innocent unless proven guilty.

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Prime Minister of Canada

The Prime Minister of Canada (Premier ministre du Canada) is the primary minister of the Crown, chairman of the Cabinet, and thus Canada's head of government, charged with advising the Canadian monarch or Governor General of Canada on the exercise of the executive powers vested in them by the constitution.

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Prince Edward Island

Prince Edward Island (PEI or P.E.I.; Île-du-Prince-Édouard) is a province of Canada consisting of the island of the same name, and several much smaller islands.

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Progressive Conservative Party of Canada

No description.

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Provinces and territories of Canada

The provinces and territories of Canada are the sub-national governments within the geographical areas of Canada under the authority of the Canadian Constitution.

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Provincial Judges Reference

The Provincial Judges Reference 3 S.C.R. 3 is a leading opinion of the Supreme Court of Canada in response to a reference question regarding remuneration and the independence and impartiality of provincial court judges.

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Publication ban

A publication ban is a court order which prohibits the public or media from disseminating certain details of an otherwise public judicial proceeding.

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Purposive approach

The purposive approach (sometimes referred to as purposivism, purposive construction, purposive interpretation, or the modern principle in construction) is an approach to statutory and constitutional interpretation under which common law courts interpret an enactment (a statute, part of a statute, or a clause of a constitution) within the context of the law's purpose.

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Quebec

Quebec (Québec)According to the Canadian government, Québec (with the acute accent) is the official name in French and Quebec (without the accent) is the province's official name in English; the name is.

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Quebec Charter of Human Rights and Freedoms

The Charter of Human Rights and Freedoms (Charte des droits et libertés de la personne) is a statutory bill of rights and human rights code passed by the National Assembly of Quebec on June 27, 1975.

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Quebec referendum, 1980

The 1980 Quebec independence referendum was the first referendum in Quebec on the place of Quebec within Canada and whether Quebec should pursue a path toward sovereignty.

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R v Big M Drug Mart Ltd

R v Big M Drug Mart Ltd is a landmark decision by Supreme Court of Canada where the Court struck down the Lord's Day Act for violating section 2 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms.

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R v Butler

R v Butler, 1 S.C.R. 452 is a leading Supreme Court of Canada decision on pornography and state censorship.

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R v Kapp

R v Kapp, 2008 SCC 41 is a Supreme Court of Canada case dealing with an appeal from a British Columbia Court of Appeal decision that held that a communal fishing license granted exclusively to Aboriginals did not violate section 15 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms.

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R v Keegstra

R v Keegstra, 3 S.C.R. 697 is a landmark freedom of expression decision of the Supreme Court of Canada where the court upheld the Criminal Code provision prohibiting the wilful promotion of hatred against an identifiable group as constitutional under the freedom of expression provision in section 2(b) of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms.

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R v Morgentaler

R v Morgentaler, 1 SCR 30 was a decision of the Supreme Court of Canada which held that the abortion provision in the Criminal Code was unconstitutional because it violated a woman's right under section 7 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms ("Charter") to security of person.

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R v Oakes

R v Oakes, 1 SCR 103 is a case decided by the Supreme Court of Canada which established the famous Oakes test, an analysis of the limitations clause (section 1) of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms that allows reasonable limitations on rights and freedoms through legislation if it can be "demonstrably justified in a free and democratic society".

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R v Rahey

R v Rahey, 1 S.C.R. 588 is a leading constitutional decision of the Supreme Court of Canada.

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Rainer Knopff

Rainer Knopff is a writer, professor of political science at the University of Calgary, Canada, and member of a group known as the Calgary School.

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Rand Dyck

Perry Rand Dyck (born 1943 in Calgary, Alberta) is the author of the Canadian Politics: Critical Approaches textbook which is used in many Canadian Universities, and taught to students studying Political Science, Law, Economics, Women's Studies, Philosophy, Anthropology, Sociology, and History.

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REAL Women of Canada

REAL Women of Canada (Vraies Femmes du Canada in French) is a socially conservative advocacy group in Canada.

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Reference question

In Canadian law, a reference question (formally called abstract review) is a submission by the federal or a provincial government to the courts asking for an advisory opinion on a major legal issue.

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Reference Re BC Motor Vehicle Act

Reference Re BC Motor Vehicle Act, 2 SCR 486 was a landmark reference submitted to the Supreme Court of Canada regarding the constitutionality of the British Columbia Motor Vehicle Act.

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Reference Re Same-Sex Marriage

Reference Re Same-Sex Marriage 3 S.C.R. 698, 2004 SCC 79, was a reference question to the Supreme Court of Canada regarding the constitutional validity of same-sex marriage in Canada.

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Retail, Wholesale and Department Store Union, Local 580 v Dolphin Delivery Ltd

Retail, Wholesale and Department Store Union, Local 580 v Dolphin Delivery Ltd, 2 S.C.R. 573, is the seminal Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms decision that states that the Charter applies to governmental action, and to the common law except where matters are solely between private parties.

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Roy McMurtry

Roland "Roy" McMurtry, (born May 31, 1932) is a lawyer, politician, and former judge in Ontario, Canada.

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Roy Romanow

Roy John Romanow, (born August 12, 1939) is a Canadian politician and the 12th Premier of Saskatchewan (1991–2001).

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Rule of law

The rule of law is the "authority and influence of law in society, especially when viewed as a constraint on individual and institutional behavior; (hence) the principle whereby all members of a society (including those in government) are considered equally subject to publicly disclosed legal codes and processes".

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Same-sex marriage in Canada

Same-sex marriage in Canada was progressively introduced in several provinces by court decisions beginning in 2003 before being legally recognized nationwide with the enactment of the Civil Marriage Act on July 20, 2005.

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Saskatchewan

Saskatchewan is a prairie and boreal province in western Canada, the only province without natural borders.

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Search and seizure

Search and Seizure is a procedure used in many civil law and common law legal systems by which police or other authorities and their agents, who, suspecting that a crime has been committed, commence a search of a person's property and confiscate any relevant evidence found in connection to the crime.

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Section 1 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms

Section 1 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms is the section that confirms that the rights listed in the Charter are guaranteed.

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Section 10 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms

Section 10 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms specifies rights upon arrest or detention, including the rights to consult a lawyer and the right to habeas corpus.

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Section 11 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms

Section 11 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms is the section of the Canadian Constitution that protects a person's legal rights in criminal and penal matters.

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Section 12 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms

Section 12 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms, as part of the Constitution of Canada, is a legal rights section that protects an individual's freedom from cruel and unusual punishments in Canada.

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Section 13 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms

Section 13 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms is a section of the Charter which, along with section 11 (c), specifies rights regarding self-incrimination.

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Section 14 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms

Section 14 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms is the last section under the "Legal rights" heading in the Charter.

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Section 15 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms

Section 15 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms contains guaranteed equality rights.

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Section 16 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms

Section 16 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms is the first of several sections of the Constitution dealing with Canada's two official languages, English and French.

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Section 16.1 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms

Section 16.1 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms is the newest section of the Charter.

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Section 17 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms

Section 17 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms is one of the provisions of the Charter that addresses rights relating to Canada's two official languages, English and French.

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Section 18 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms

Section 18 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms is one of the provisions of the Constitution that addresses rights relating to Canada's two official languages, English and French.

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Section 19 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms

Section 19 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms is one of the provisions of the Constitution of Canada that addresses rights relating to Canada's two official languages, English and French.

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Section 2 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms

Section 2 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms ("Charter") is the section of the Constitution of Canada that lists what the Charter calls "fundamental freedoms" theoretically applying to everyone in Canada, regardless of whether they are a Canadian citizen, or an individual or corporation.

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Section 20 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms

Section 20 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms is one of the sections of the Constitution of Canada dealing with Canada's two official languages, English and French.

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Section 21 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms

Section 21 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms is one of several sections of the Charter relating to the official languages of Canada.

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Section 22 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms

Section 22 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms is one of several sections of the Charter relating to the official languages of Canada.

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Section 23 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms

Section 23 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms is the section of the Constitution of Canada that guarantees minority language educational rights to French-speaking communities outside Quebec, and, to a lesser extent, English-speaking minorities in Quebec.

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Section 24 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms

Section 24 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms provides for remedies available to those whose Charter rights are shown to be violated.

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Section 25 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms

Section 25 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms is the first section under the heading "General" in the Charter, and like other sections within the "General" sphere, it aids in the interpretation of rights elsewhere in the Charter.

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Section 26 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms

Section 26 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms, like other provisions within the section 25 to 31 bloc, provides a guide in interpreting how the Charter should affect Canadian society.

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Section 27 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms

Section 27 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms is a section of the Charter that, as part of a range of provisions within the section 25 to section 31 bloc, helps determine how rights in other sections of the Charter should be interpreted and applied by the courts.

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Section 28 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms

Section 28 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms is a part of the Constitution of Canada.

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Section 29 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms

Section 29 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms is the section of Charter that most specifically addresses rights regarding denominational schools and separate schools.

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Section 3 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms

No formal right to vote existed in Canada before the adoption of the Charter.

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Section 30 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms

Section 30 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms is a section that, like other provisions within the section 25 to section 31 block, provides a guide as to how Charter rights should be interpreted and applied by Canadian courts.

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Section 31 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms

Section 31 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms is a part of the Constitution of Canada, which clarifies that the Charter does not increase the powers of either the federal government or the legislatures of the provinces of Canada.

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Section 32 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms

Section 32 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms concerns the application and scope of the Charter.

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Section 33 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms

Section 33 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms is part of the Constitution of Canada.

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Section 34 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms

Section 34 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms is the last section of Canada's Charter of Rights, which is entrenched in the Constitution Act, 1982.

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Section 35 of the Constitution Act, 1982

Section 35 of the Constitution Act, 1982 provides constitutional protection to the indigenous and treaty rights of indigenous peoples in Canada.

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Section 4 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms

Section 4 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms is one of three democratic rights sections in the Charter.

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Section 5 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms

Section 5 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms is a part of the Constitution of Canada, and the last of three democratic rights in the Charter.

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Section 6 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms

Section 6 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms is the section of the Canadian Constitution that protects the mobility rights of Canadian citizens, and to a lesser extent that of permanent residents.

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Section 7 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms

Section 7 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms is a constitutional provision that protects an individual's autonomy and personal legal rights from actions of the government in Canada.

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Section 8 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms

Section 8 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms provides everyone in Canada with protection against unreasonable search and seizure.

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Section 9 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms

Section 9 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms, found under the "Legal rights" heading in the Charter, guarantees the right against arbitrary detainment and imprisonment.

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Security of person

Security of the person is a basic entitlement guaranteed by the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, adopted by the United Nations in 1948.

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Self-incrimination

Self-incrimination is the act of exposing oneself generally, by making a statement "to an accusation or charge of crime; to involve oneself or another in a criminal prosecution or the danger thereof." Self-incrimination can occur either directly or indirectly: directly, by means of interrogation where information of a self-incriminatory nature is disclosed; or indirectly, when information of a self-incriminatory nature is disclosed voluntarily without pressure from another person.

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Senate of Canada

The Senate of Canada (Sénat du Canada) is the upper house of the Parliament of Canada, along with the House of Commons and the Monarch (represented by the Governor General).

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Social equality

Social equality is a state of affairs in which all people within a specific society or isolated group have the same status in certain respects, including civil rights, freedom of speech, property rights and equal access to certain social goods and services.

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Standard of living

Standard of living refers to the level of wealth, comfort, material goods, and necessities available to a certain socioeconomic class in a certain geographic area, usually a country.

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Statute

A statute is a formal written enactment of a legislative authority that governs a city, state, or country.

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Strike action

Strike action, also called labor strike, labour strike, or simply strike, is a work stoppage caused by the mass refusal of employees to work.

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Suffrage

Suffrage, political franchise, or simply franchise is the right to vote in public, political elections (although the term is sometimes used for any right to vote).

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Supreme Court of Canada

The Supreme Court of Canada (Cour suprême du Canada) is the highest court of Canada, the final court of appeals in the Canadian justice system.

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Supreme Court of Prince Edward Island

The Supreme Court of Prince Edward Island (also called the Prince Edward Island Supreme Court, and abbreviated as PESC) is the superior court of the Canadian province of Prince Edward Island.

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Svend Robinson

Svend Robinson (born March 4, 1952) is a Canadian former politician.

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Ted Morton

Frederick Lee Morton (born March 28, 1949), known commonly as Ted Morton, is a Canadian politician and former cabinet minister in the Alberta government.

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The Vancouver Sun

The Vancouver Sun is a daily newspaper first published in the Canadian province of British Columbia on 12 February 1912.

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United Kingdom

The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom (UK) or Britain,Usage is mixed with some organisations, including the and preferring to use Britain as shorthand for Great Britain is a sovereign country in western Europe.

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United States Bill of Rights

The Bill of Rights is the first ten amendments to the United States Constitution.

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United States Constitution

The United States Constitution is the supreme law of the United States.

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Universal Declaration of Human Rights

The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) is a historic document that was adopted by the United Nations General Assembly at its third session on 10 December 1948 as Resolution 217 at the Palais de Chaillot in Paris, France.

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Unsuccessful attempts to amend the Canadian Constitution

Since the Constitution of Canada was patriated, in 1982, only ten minor Amendments to the Constitution of Canada have been passed.

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Veterans' Bill of Rights

The Veterans' Bill of Rights is a bill of rights in Canada for veterans of the Canadian Forces and Royal Canadian Mounted Police.

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Victoria Charter

The Victoria Charter was a set of proposed amendments to the Constitution of Canada in 1971.

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Voting

Voting is a method for a group, such as, a meeting or an electorate to make a decision or express an opinion, usually following discussions, debates or election campaigns.

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Vriend v Alberta

Vriend v Alberta 1 S.C.R. 493 is an important Supreme Court of Canada case that determined that a legislative omission can be the subject of a Charter violation. The case involved a dismissal of a teacher because of his sexual orientation and was an issue of great controversy during that period.

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Walter Tarnopolsky

Justice Walter Surma Tarnopolsky (1932 – 15 September 1993) was a Canadian judge, legal scholar, and pioneer in the development of human rights law and civil liberties in Canada.

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Women's Legal Education and Action Fund

Women's Legal Education and Action Fund, referred to by the acronym LEAF, is "the only national organization in Canada that exists to ensure the equality rights of women and girls under the law.". Established on April 19, 1985, LEAF was formed in response to the enactment of Section 15 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms to ensure that there was fair and unbiased interpretation of women’s Charter rights by the courts.

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Women's rights

Women's rights are the rights and entitlements claimed for women and girls worldwide, and formed the basis for the women's rights movement in the nineteenth century and feminist movement during the 20th century.

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Redirects here:

CCRF, Canada's Charter of Rights and Freedoms, Canadian Charrter of Rights and Freedoms, Canadian Charter, Canadian Charter of Freedoms, Canadian Charter of Freedoms and Rights, Canadian Charter of Rights, Canadian Charter of Rights & Freedoms, Canadian charter of rights and freedoms, Charter of Rights and Freedoms, Charter of rights and freedoms, The Charter.

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canadian_Charter_of_Rights_and_Freedoms

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