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207 relations: Adam Roberts (scholar), African independence movements, Agrarianism, Agrochemical, Alcobaça, Portugal, Alentejo, Algarve, Américo Amorim, Américo Tomás, Angola, Angolan Civil War, Annexation of Goa, António Champalimaud, António de Oliveira Salazar, António de Spínola, April Captains, Armed Forces Movement, Authoritarianism, Banco Santander Portugal, Bank, BBC, Beer, Breadbasket, Caldas da Rainha, Cape Verde, Captain (armed forces), Cascais, Catholic social teaching, Celeste Caeiro, Cement, Censorship, Central de Cervejas, Chaebol, Chemical substance, China, Chris Pallis, Cimpor, Civil liberties, Civil resistance, Cold War, Communism, Companhia União Fabril, Conglomerate (company), Conscription, Continental Portugal, Core business, Corporatism, Corticeira Amorim, Counter-insurgency, Coup d'état, ..., Coup of 25 November 1975, Covilhã, Cravos de Abril, Credit, Cuba, Daman district, India, Decolonization, Democracy, Destak, Dianthus caryophyllus, Diário de Notícias, Dictatorship, Diu district, Drink, E Depois do Adeus, East Timor, Eastern Bloc, Economic liberalism, Electrical engineering, Enclave and exclave, Estado Novo (Portugal), Estoril, European Economic Community, European Free Trade Association, European Union, Eurovision Song Contest 1974, Fascism, Final good, Francisco da Costa Gomes, Francisco Franco, Freedom of speech, Ginjinha, Goa, Government debt, Government of Portugal, Grândola, Vila Morena, Gross fixed capital formation, Guerrilla warfare, Guinea-Bissau, Head of state succession, Hong Kong, Humberto Delgado, Indonesian invasion of East Timor, Indonesian occupation of East Timor, Insurance, Integralism, International Monetary Fund, ISCTE – University Institute of Lisbon, Japan, Jerónimo Martins, Joint Declaration on the Question of Macau, José Manuel de Mello, José Sócrates, Keiretsu, Kenneth Maxwell, Library of Congress, Licor Beirão, Lisbon, Longwave (film), Macau, Machine, Marcelo Caetano, Maria de Medeiros, Marinha Grande, Mário Soares, Member states of the United Nations, Metallurgy, Minimum wage, Mining, Mozambican Civil War, Mozambique, National interest, National Salvation Junta, Nationalization, NATO, Naval architecture, One country, two systems, Open University, Otelo Saraiva de Carvalho, Paper, Paulo de Carvalho, PDF, Pedro Passos Coelho, Petrochemical, PIDE, Political freedom, Political prisoner, Politics of Portugal, Port wine, Porto, Porto Editora, Portugal, Portuguese Angola, Portuguese Armed Forces, Portuguese Cape Verde, Portuguese Colonial War, Portuguese Commercial Bank, Portuguese Constituent Assembly election, 1975, Portuguese Empire, Portuguese Guinea, Portuguese India, Portuguese legislative election, 1976, Portuguese Macau, Portuguese Mozambique, Portuguese São Tomé and Príncipe, Portuguese Timor, Processo Revolucionário Em Curso, Public holidays in Portugal, Public works, Rádio Renascença, Regime change, Reprivatization, Ricardo Costa (filmmaker), Robert Kramer, RTP2, Rural area, Salgueiro Maia, São Tomé and Príncipe, Screwball comedy film, SEDES, Semapa, Siné, Sintra, Slippage (finance), Socialism, Sonae, South Africa, South Korea, Sovereign wealth fund, Soviet Union, Structural Funds and Cohesion Fund, Sub-Saharan Africa, Terrorism, Textile, The Economist, Time (magazine), Timeline of the Carnation Revolution, Timothy Garton Ash, Tourism, Trade union, Transfer of sovereignty over Macau, United Nations, United States, United States Marine Corps, University of Aveiro, University of Beira Interior, University of Coimbra, Vítor Alves, Western Bloc, Western Europe, YouTube, Zaibatsu, Zeca Afonso, 2 euro commemorative coins, 2010–14 Portuguese financial crisis, 25 de Abril Bridge, 28 May 1926 coup d'état. Expand index (157 more) »
Adam Roberts (scholar)
Sir Adam Roberts (born 29 August 1940) is Emeritus Professor of International Relations at Oxford University, a senior research fellow in Oxford University's Department of Politics and International Relations, and an emeritus fellow of Balliol College, Oxford.
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African independence movements
The African Independence Movements took place in the 20th century, when a wave of struggles for independence in European-ruled African territories were witnessed.
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Agrarianism
Agrarianism is a social philosophy or political philosophy which values rural society as superior to urban society, the independent farmer as superior to the paid worker, and sees farming as a way of life that can shape the ideal social values.
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Agrochemical
An agrochemical or agrichemical, a contraction of agricultural chemical, is a chemical product used in agriculture.
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Alcobaça, Portugal
Alcobaça is a city and a municipality in Oeste Subregion, region Centro in Portugal, formerly included in the Estremadura Province.
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Alentejo
The Alentejo is a geographical, historical and cultural region of south-central and southern Portugal.
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Algarve
The Algarve (from الغرب "the west") is the southernmost region of continental Portugal.
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Américo Amorim
Américo Ferreira Amorim (21 July 1934 – 13 July 2017) was a Portuguese industrialist and businessman.
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Américo Tomás
Américo de Deus Rodrigues Tomás (or Thomaz), GCC, GOA, GOSE, (19 November 1894 – 18 September 1987) was a Portuguese Navy officer and politician.
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Angola
Angola, officially the Republic of Angola (República de Angola; Kikongo, Kimbundu and Repubilika ya Ngola), is a country in Southern Africa.
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Angolan Civil War
The Angolan Civil War (Guerra civil angolana) was a major civil conflict in Angola, beginning in 1975 and continuing, with some interludes, until 2002.
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Annexation of Goa
The Annexation of Goa was the process in which the Republic of India annexed the former Portuguese Indian territories of Goa, Daman and Diu, starting with the "armed action" carried out by the Indian Armed Forces in December 1961.
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António Champalimaud
António de Sommer Champalimaud (Lisbon, Lapa, 19 March 1918 – Lisbon, Lapa, 8 May 2004) was a Portuguese banker and industrialist who in 2004 was the wealthiest man in Portugal.
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António de Oliveira Salazar
António de Oliveira Salazar (28 April 1889 – 27 July 1970) was a Portuguese statesman who served as Prime Minister of Portugal from 1932 to 1968.
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António de Spínola
António Sebastião Ribeiro de Spínola (generally referred to as António de Spínola,;This surname, however, was not accompanied by the grammatical nobiliary particle "de". 11 April 1910 – 13 August 1996) was a Portuguese military officer, author and conservative politician who played an important role in Portugal's transition to democracy following the Carnation Revolution.
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April Captains
April Captains (Capitães de Abril) is a 2000 film telling the story of the Carnation Revolution, the military coup that overthrew the fascist dictatorship (known as the Estado Novo) in Portugal on 25 April 1974.
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Armed Forces Movement
A mural dedicated to the MFA, it reads: ''Towards freedom. Long live the 25th of April!'' The Armed Forces Movement (Movimento das Forças Armadas; MFA) was an organisation of lower-ranked left-leaning officers in the Portuguese Armed Forces.
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Authoritarianism
Authoritarianism is a form of government characterized by strong central power and limited political freedoms.
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Banco Santander Portugal
Banco Santander Portugal (formerly Banco Santander Totta), also known as Santander is a Portuguese bank, founded in 1988.
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Bank
A bank is a financial institution that accepts deposits from the public and creates credit.
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BBC
The British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) is a British public service broadcaster.
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Beer
Beer is one of the oldest and most widely consumed alcoholic drinks in the world, and the third most popular drink overall after water and tea.
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Breadbasket
The breadbasket of a country is a region which, because of richness of soil and/or advantageous climate, produces large quantities of wheat or other grain.
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Caldas da Rainha
Caldas da Rainha is a medium-sized city in western central Portugal in the historical province of Estremadura and the district of Leiria.
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Cape Verde
Cape Verde or Cabo Verde (Cabo Verde), officially the Republic of Cabo Verde, is an island country spanning an archipelago of 10 volcanic islands in the central Atlantic Ocean.
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Captain (armed forces)
The army rank of captain (from the French capitaine) is a commissioned officer rank historically corresponding to the command of a company of soldiers.
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Cascais
Cascais is a coastal town and a municipality in Portugal, west of Lisbon.
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Catholic social teaching
Catholic social teaching is the Catholic doctrines on matters of human dignity and common good in society.
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Celeste Caeiro
Celeste Martins Caeiro (born 2 May 1933), also known as Celeste dos cravos ("Celeste of the carnations") is a Portuguese pacifist restaurant worker.
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Cement
A cement is a binder, a substance used for construction that sets, hardens and adheres to other materials, binding them together.
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Censorship
Censorship is the suppression of speech, public communication, or other information, on the basis that such material is considered objectionable, harmful, sensitive, or "inconvenient" as determined by government authorities.
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Central de Cervejas
Sociedade Central de Cervejas (SCC) (full name: SCC – Sociedade Central de Cervejas e Bebidas, S.A.) is a Portuguese brewery, founded in 1934.
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Chaebol
A chaebol is a large industrial conglomerate that is run and controlled by an owner or family in South Korea.
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Chemical substance
A chemical substance, also known as a pure substance, is a form of matter that consists of molecules of the same composition and structure.
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China
China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a unitary one-party sovereign state in East Asia and the world's most populous country, with a population of around /1e9 round 3 billion.
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Chris Pallis
Christopher Agamemnon Pallis (2 December 1923, Bombay – 10 March 2005, London) was an Anglo-Greek neurologist and socialist intellectual.
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Cimpor
Cimpor - Cimentos de Portugal is the largest Portuguese cement group, operating in eleven countries - Portugal, Spain, Morocco, Brazil, Tunisia, Turkey, Cape Verde, Mozambique, China, Egypt and South Africa, involved in manufacturing and marketing cement, hydraulic lime, concrete and aggregates, precast concrete and dry mortars.
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Civil liberties
Civil liberties or personal freedoms are personal guarantees and freedoms that the government cannot abridge, either by law or by judicial interpretation, without due process.
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Civil resistance
Civil resistance is political action that relies on the use of nonviolent resistance by civil groups to challenge a particular power, force, policy or regime.
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Cold War
The Cold War was a state of geopolitical tension after World War II between powers in the Eastern Bloc (the Soviet Union and its satellite states) and powers in the Western Bloc (the United States, its NATO allies and others).
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Communism
In political and social sciences, communism (from Latin communis, "common, universal") is the philosophical, social, political, and economic ideology and movement whose ultimate goal is the establishment of the communist society, which is a socioeconomic order structured upon the common ownership of the means of production and the absence of social classes, money and the state.
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Companhia União Fabril
The Companhia União Fabril (CUF) is a Portuguese chemical corporation and a part of Grupo José de Mello.
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Conglomerate (company)
A conglomerate is the combination of two or more corporations operating in entirely different industries under one corporate group, usually involving a parent company and many subsidiaries.
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Conscription
Conscription, sometimes called the draft, is the compulsory enlistment of people in a national service, most often a military service.
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Continental Portugal
Continental Portugal (Portugal continental) or mainland Portugal are terms used for the bulk of the Portuguese Republic, namely that part on the Iberian Peninsula and so in Continental Europe; having approximately 95% of the total population and 96.6% of the country's land.
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Core business
The core business of an organization is an idealized construct intended to express that organization's "main" or "essential" activity.
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Corporatism
Corporatism is the organization of a society by corporate groups and agricultural, labour, military or scientific syndicates and guilds on the basis of their common interests.
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Corticeira Amorim
Corticeira Amorim S.G.P.S., S.A., is a Portuguese subholding company belonging to the Amorim Group and claims to have been the world leader in the cork industry for over 130 years, with operations in hundreds of countries all over the world.
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Counter-insurgency
A counter-insurgency or counterinsurgency (COIN) can be defined as "comprehensive civilian and military efforts taken to simultaneously defeat and contain insurgency and address its root causes".
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Coup d'état
A coup d'état, also known simply as a coup, a putsch, golpe de estado, or an overthrow, is a type of revolution, where the illegal and overt seizure of a state by the military or other elites within the state apparatus occurs.
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Coup of 25 November 1975
The Coup of 25 November 1975 (usually referred to as the 25 de Novembro in Portugal) was a failed military coup d'état against the post-Carnation Revolution governing bodies of Portugal.
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Covilhã
Covilhã is a city and a municipality in the Centro region, Portugal.
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Cravos de Abril
Cravos de Abril (April Carnations) is a Portuguese historic short film by Ricardo Costa.
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Credit
Credit (from Latin credit, "(he/she/it) believes") is the trust which allows one party to provide money or resources to another party where that second party does not reimburse the first party immediately (thereby generating a debt), but instead promises either to repay or return those resources (or other materials of equal value) at a later date.
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Cuba
Cuba, officially the Republic of Cuba, is a country comprising the island of Cuba as well as Isla de la Juventud and several minor archipelagos.
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Daman district, India
Daman district is one of the two districts of the union territory of Daman and Diu on the western coast of India, surrounded by Valsad District of Gujarat state on the north, east and south and the Persian Gulf to the west.
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Decolonization
Decolonization (American English) or decolonisation (British English) is the undoing of colonialism: where a nation establishes and maintains its domination over one or more other territories.
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Democracy
Democracy (δημοκρατία dēmokraa thetía, literally "rule by people"), in modern usage, has three senses all for a system of government where the citizens exercise power by voting.
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Destak
Destak is a Portuguese free daily newspaper, which is distributed in Lisbon, Porto and Coimbra, and also other Portuguese cities.
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Dianthus caryophyllus
Dianthus caryophyllus, the carnation or clove pink, is a species of Dianthus.
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Diário de Notícias
Diário de Notícias is a Portuguese daily tabloid newspaper published in Lisbon, Portugal.
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Dictatorship
A dictatorship is an authoritarian form of government, characterized by a single leader or group of leaders with either no party or a weak party, little mass mobilization, and limited political pluralism.
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Diu district
Diu district is one of the two districts of the union territory of Daman and Diu of India.
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Drink
A drink or beverage is a liquid intended for human consumption.
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E Depois do Adeus
"E Depois do Adeus" ("And after the farewell") was the Portuguese entry in the Eurovision Song Contest 1974, performed in Portuguese by Paulo de Carvalho.
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East Timor
East Timor or Timor-Leste (Tetum: Timór Lorosa'e), officially the Democratic Republic of Timor-Leste (República Democrática de Timor-Leste, Repúblika Demokrátika Timór-Leste), is a sovereign state in Maritime Southeast Asia.
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Eastern Bloc
The Eastern Bloc was the group of socialist states of Central and Eastern Europe, generally the Soviet Union and the countries of the Warsaw Pact.
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Economic liberalism
Economic liberalism is an economic system organized on individual lines, which means the greatest possible number of economic decisions are made by individuals or households rather than by collective institutions or organizations.
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Electrical engineering
Electrical engineering is a professional engineering discipline that generally deals with the study and application of electricity, electronics, and electromagnetism.
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Enclave and exclave
An enclave is a territory, or a part of a territory, that is entirely surrounded by the territory of one other state.
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Estado Novo (Portugal)
The Estado Novo ("New State"), or the Second Republic, was the corporatist authoritarian regime installed in Portugal in 1933, which was considered fascist.
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Estoril
Estoril is a town and a former civil parish in the municipality of Cascais, Portugal, on the Portuguese Riviera.
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European Economic Community
The European Economic Community (EEC) was a regional organisation which aimed to bring about economic integration among its member states.
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European Free Trade Association
The European Free Trade Association (EFTA) is a regional trade organization and free trade area consisting of four European states: Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway, and Switzerland.
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European Union
The European Union (EU) is a political and economic union of EUnum member states that are located primarily in Europe.
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Eurovision Song Contest 1974
The Eurovision Song Contest 1974 was the 19th edition of the annual Eurovision Song Contest.
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Fascism
Fascism is a form of radical authoritarian ultranationalism, characterized by dictatorial power, forcible suppression of opposition and control of industry and commerce, which came to prominence in early 20th-century Europe.
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Final good
In economics, any commodity which is produced and subsequently consumed by the consumer, to satisfy his current wants or needs, is a consumer good or final good.
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Francisco da Costa Gomes
Francisco da Costa Gomes, ComTE, GOA (30 June 1914 – 31 July 2001) was a Portuguese military officer and politician, the 15th President of the Portuguese Republic (the second after the Carnation Revolution).
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Francisco Franco
Francisco Franco Bahamonde (4 December 1892 – 20 November 1975) was a Spanish general who ruled over Spain as a military dictator from 1939, after the Nationalist victory in the Spanish Civil War, until his death in 1975.
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Freedom of speech
Freedom of speech is a principle that supports the freedom of an individual or a community to articulate their opinions and ideas without fear of retaliation, censorship, or sanction.
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Ginjinha
Ginjinha or simply Ginja, is a portuguese liqueur made by infusing ginja berries, (sour cherry) (Prunus cerasus austera, the Morello cherry) in alcohol (aguardente is used) and adding sugar together with other ingredients.
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Goa
Goa is a state in India within the coastal region known as the Konkan, in Western India.
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Government debt
Government debt (also known as public interest, public debt, national debt and sovereign debt) is the debt owed by a government.
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Government of Portugal
The Government of Portugal is one of the four sovereignty bodies of the Portuguese Republic, together with the President of the Republic, the Assembly of the Republic and the courts.
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Grândola, Vila Morena
"Grândola, Vila Morena" is a Portuguese song by Zeca Afonso, that tells of the fraternity among the people of Grândola, a town in the Alentejo region of Portugal.
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Gross fixed capital formation
Gross fixed capital formation (GFCF) is a macroeconomic concept used in official national accounts such as the United Nations System of National Accounts (UNSNA), National Income and Product Accounts (NIPA) and the European System of Accounts (ESA).
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Guerrilla warfare
Guerrilla warfare is a form of irregular warfare in which a small group of combatants, such as paramilitary personnel, armed civilians, or irregulars, use military tactics including ambushes, sabotage, raids, petty warfare, hit-and-run tactics, and mobility to fight a larger and less-mobile traditional military.
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Guinea-Bissau
Guinea-Bissau, officially the Republic of Guinea-Bissau (República da Guiné-Bissau), is a sovereign state in West Africa.
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Head of state succession
Head of state succession is the process by which nations transfer leadership of their highest office from one person to another.
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Hong Kong
Hong Kong (Chinese: 香港), officially the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China, is an autonomous territory of China on the eastern side of the Pearl River estuary in East Asia.
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Humberto Delgado
Humberto da Silva Delgado, ComC, GCA, GOA, ComA, OA, ComSE, GCL, OIP, CBE (Portuguese pronunciation:; 15 May 1906 – 13 February 1965) was a General of the Portuguese Air Force and politician.
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Indonesian invasion of East Timor
The Indonesian invasion of East Timor, known in Indonesia as Operation Lotus (Operasi Seroja), began on 7 December 1975 when the Indonesian military invaded East Timor under the pretext of anti-colonialism.
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Indonesian occupation of East Timor
The Indonesian occupation of East Timor began in December 1975 and lasted until October 1999.
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Insurance
Insurance is a means of protection from financial loss.
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Integralism
Integralism or Integrism is used in the context of Catholicism to refer to an organization of the state which rejects "the separation of politics from concern with the end of human life, holding that political rule must order man to his final goal." Though less commonly referred to in modern theology, Integralism defines the social order of medieval Christendom and is part of the social teaching of the Catholic Church.
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International Monetary Fund
The International Monetary Fund (IMF) is an international organization headquartered in Washington, D.C., consisting of "189 countries working to foster global monetary cooperation, secure financial stability, facilitate international trade, promote high employment and sustainable economic growth, and reduce poverty around the world." Formed in 1945 at the Bretton Woods Conference primarily by the ideas of Harry Dexter White and John Maynard Keynes, it came into formal existence in 1945 with 29 member countries and the goal of reconstructing the international payment system.
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ISCTE – University Institute of Lisbon
ISCTE – Instituto Universitário de Lisboa, abbreviated ISCTE-IUL, is a Portuguese public university institute, located in the centre of Lisbon in the University City campus.
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Japan
Japan (日本; Nippon or Nihon; formally 日本国 or Nihon-koku, lit. "State of Japan") is a sovereign island country in East Asia.
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Jerónimo Martins
Jerónimo Martins SGPS, SA (JM) is a Portuguese corporate group that operates in food distribution and specialised retail.
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Joint Declaration on the Question of Macau
The Joint Declaration on the Question of Macau, or Sino-Portuguese Joint Declaration, was a treaty between Portugal and the People's Republic of China over the status of Macau.
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José Manuel de Mello
José Manuel de Mello (December 8, 1927 – September 16, 2009), was a Portuguese businessman who founded the conglomerate Grupo José de Mello.
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José Sócrates
José Sócrates Carvalho Pinto de Sousa, GCIH (born 6 September 1957), commonly known as José Sócrates, is a Portuguese politician who was the Prime Minister of Portugal from 12 March 2005 to 21 June 2011.
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Keiretsu
A is a set of companies with interlocking business relationships and shareholdings.
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Kenneth Maxwell
Kenneth Robert Maxwell (born 1941) is a British historian who specializes in Iberia and Latin America.
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Library of Congress
The Library of Congress (LOC) is the research library that officially serves the United States Congress and is the de facto national library of the United States.
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Licor Beirão
Licor Beirão is a Portuguese liqueur with 22% ABV.
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Lisbon
Lisbon (Lisboa) is the capital and the largest city of Portugal, with an estimated population of 552,700, Census 2011 results according to the 2013 administrative division of Portugal within its administrative limits in an area of 100.05 km2.
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Longwave (film)
Longwave (Les Grandes Ondes (à l'ouest), As Ondas de Abril) is a 2013 Swiss-French-Portuguese comedy-drama film directed by Lionel Baier.
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Macau
Macau, officially the Macao Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China, is an autonomous territory on the western side of the Pearl River estuary in East Asia.
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Machine
A machine uses power to apply forces and control movement to perform an intended action.
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Marcelo Caetano
Marcello José das Neves Alves Caetano (GCTE, GCC; 17 August 1906 – 26 October 1980) was a Portuguese politician and scholar, who was the last prime minister of the Estado Novo regime, from 1968 until his overthrow in the Carnation Revolution of 1974.
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Maria de Medeiros
Maria Esteves de Medeiros Victorino de Almeida, DamSE (born 19 August 1965), known as Maria de Medeiros, is a Portuguese actress, director, and singer who has been involved in both European and American film productions.
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Marinha Grande
Marinha Grande is a municipality in the Leiria District, Portugal.
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Mário Soares
Mário Alberto Nobre Lopes Soares, GColTE, GCC, GColL (7 December 1924 – 7 January 2017) was a Portuguese politician who served as Prime Minister of Portugal from 1976 to 1978 and from 1983 to 1985, and subsequently as the 17th President of Portugal from 1986 to 1996.
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Member states of the United Nations
The United Nations member states are the sovereign states that are members of the United Nations (UN) and have equal representation in the UN General Assembly.
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Metallurgy
Metallurgy is a domain of materials science and engineering that studies the physical and chemical behavior of metallic elements, their inter-metallic compounds, and their mixtures, which are called alloys.
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Minimum wage
A minimum wage is the lowest remuneration that employers can legally pay their workers.
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Mining
Mining is the extraction of valuable minerals or other geological materials from the earth, usually from an orebody, lode, vein, seam, reef or placer deposit.
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Mozambican Civil War
The Mozambican Civil War was a civil war fought in Mozambique from 1977 to 1992.
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Mozambique
Mozambique, officially the Republic of Mozambique (Moçambique or República de Moçambique) is a country in Southeast Africa bordered by the Indian Ocean to the east, Tanzania to the north, Malawi and Zambia to the northwest, Zimbabwe to the west, and Swaziland and South Africa to the southwest.
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National interest
The national interest, often referred to by the French expression raison d'État ("reason of State"), is a country's goals and ambitions, whether economic, military, cultural or otherwise.
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National Salvation Junta
The National Salvation Junta (Junta de Salvação Nacional) was a group of military officers designated to maintain the government of Portugal in April 1974, after the Carnation Revolution had overthrown the Estado Novo dictatorial regime.
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Nationalization
Nationalization (or nationalisation) is the process of transforming private assets into public assets by bringing them under the public ownership of a national government or state.
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NATO
The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO; Organisation du Traité de l'Atlantique Nord; OTAN), also called the North Atlantic Alliance, is an intergovernmental military alliance between 29 North American and European countries.
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Naval architecture
Naval architecture, or naval engineering, along with automotive engineering and aerospace engineering, is an engineering discipline branch of vehicle engineering, incorporating elements of mechanical, electrical, electronic, software and safety engineering as applied to the engineering design process, shipbuilding, maintenance, and operation of marine vessels and structures.
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One country, two systems
"One country, two systems" is a constitutional principle formulated by Deng Xiaoping, the Paramount Leader of the People's Republic of China (PRC), for the reunification of China during the early 1980s.
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Open University
The Open University (OU) is a public distance learning and research university, and one of the biggest universities in the UK for undergraduate education.
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Otelo Saraiva de Carvalho
Otelo Nuno Romão Saraiva de Carvalho, GCL (born 31 August 1936), is a retired Portuguese military officer.
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Paper
Paper is a thin material produced by pressing together moist fibres of cellulose pulp derived from wood, rags or grasses, and drying them into flexible sheets.
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Paulo de Carvalho
Paulo de Carvalho (born Manuel Paulo de Carvalho Costais, in Lisbon, on May 15, 1947) is a Portuguese singer.
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The Portable Document Format (PDF) is a file format developed in the 1990s to present documents, including text formatting and images, in a manner independent of application software, hardware, and operating systems.
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Pedro Passos Coelho
Pedro Manuel Mamede Passos Coelho (born 24 July 1964) is a Portuguese politician who was the 118th Prime Minister of Portugal, in office from 2011 to 2015.
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Petrochemical
Petrochemicals (also known as petroleum distillates) are chemical products derived from petroleum.
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PIDE
The PIDE or International and State Defense Police (Polícia Internacional e de Defesa do Estado) was a Portuguese security agency that existed during the Estado Novo regime of António de Oliveira Salazar.
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Political freedom
Political freedom (also known as political autonomy or political agency) is a central concept in history and political thought and one of the most important features of democratic societies.
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Political prisoner
A political prisoner is someone imprisoned because they have opposed or criticized the government responsible for their imprisonment.
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Politics of Portugal
Politics in Portugal takes place in a framework of a unitary semi-presidential representative democratic republic, whereby the Prime Minister of Portugal is the head of government.
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Port wine
Port wine (also known as vinho do Porto,, Porto, and usually simply port) is a Portuguese fortified wine produced exclusively in the Douro Valley in the northern provinces of Portugal.
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Porto
Porto (also known as Oporto in English) is the second-largest city in Portugal after Lisbon and one of the major urban areas of the Iberian Peninsula.
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Porto Editora
Porto Editora is the largest Portuguese publisher with a consolidated turnover of more than 90M € in 2010.
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Portugal
Portugal, officially the Portuguese Republic (República Portuguesa),In recognized minority languages of Portugal: Portugal is the oldest state in the Iberian Peninsula and one of the oldest in Europe, its territory having been continuously settled, invaded and fought over since prehistoric times.
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Portuguese Angola
Portuguese Angola refers to Angola during the historic period when it was a territory under Portuguese rule in southwestern Africa.
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Portuguese Armed Forces
The Portuguese Armed Forces (Forças Armadas) are the military of Portugal.
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Portuguese Cape Verde
Cape Verde was a colony of the Portuguese Empire from the initial settlement of the Cape Verde Islands in 1462 until the independence of Cape Verde in 1975.
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Portuguese Colonial War
The Portuguese Colonial War (Guerra Colonial Portuguesa), also known in Portugal as the Overseas War (Guerra do Ultramar) or in the former colonies as the War of Liberation (Guerra de Libertação), was fought between Portugal's military and the emerging nationalist movements in Portugal's African colonies between 1961 and 1974.
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Portuguese Commercial Bank
Portuguese Commercial Bank (Banco Comercial Português (BCP)), is a Portuguese bank that was founded in 1985 and is the largest private bank in the country.
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Portuguese Constituent Assembly election, 1975
The Portuguese Constituent Assembly election, 1975 was carried out in Portugal on 25 April 1975, exactly one year after the Carnation Revolution.
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Portuguese Empire
The Portuguese Empire (Império Português), also known as the Portuguese Overseas (Ultramar Português) or the Portuguese Colonial Empire (Império Colonial Português), was one of the largest and longest-lived empires in world history and the first colonial empire of the Renaissance.
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Portuguese Guinea
Portuguese Guinea (Guiné), called the Overseas Province of Guinea from 1951, was a West African colony of Portugal from the late 15th century until 10 September 1974, when it gained independence as Guinea-Bissau.
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Portuguese India
The State of India (Estado da Índia), also referred as the Portuguese State of India (Estado Português da Índia, EPI) or simply Portuguese India (Índia Portuguesa), was a state of the Portuguese Overseas Empire, founded six years after the discovery of a sea route between Portugal and the Indian Subcontinent to serve as the governing body of a string of Portuguese fortresses and colonies overseas.
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Portuguese legislative election, 1976
The Portuguese legislative election of 1976 took place on 25 April, exactly one year after the previous election, and two years after the Carnation Revolution.
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Portuguese Macau
Portuguese Macau was the period of Macau as a Portuguese colony and later, an overseas province under Portuguese administration from 1557 to 1999.
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Portuguese Mozambique
Portuguese Mozambique (Moçambique) or Portuguese East Africa (África Oriental Portuguesa) are the common terms by which Mozambique is designated when referring to the historic period when it was a Portuguese overseas territory.
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Portuguese São Tomé and Príncipe
São Tomé and Príncipe islands were a colony of the Portuguese Empire from its discovery in 1470 until 1975, when independence was granted by Portugal.
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Portuguese Timor
Portuguese Timor (Timor Português) was a Portuguese colony that existed between 1702 and 1975.
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Processo Revolucionário Em Curso
The Processo Revolucionário Em Curso (English: Ongoing Revolutionary Process) was a period of the Portuguese transition to democracy which started after a failed right-wing coup d'état on March 11, 1975, and ended after a failed left-wing coup d'état on November 25, 1975.
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Public holidays in Portugal
Public holidays celebrated in Portugal are a mix of religious (Roman Catholic), town, city, national holidays and holidays of the Autonomous regions of Portugal.
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Public works
Public works (or internal improvements historically in the United States)Carter Goodrich, (Greenwood Press, 1960)Stephen Minicucci,, Studies in American Political Development (2004), 18:2:160-185 Cambridge University Press.
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Rádio Renascença
Rádio Renascença, also known as 'RR' or just 'Renascença' (Renaissance in English), is a private, commercial radio station in Portugal, owned by various organizations within the Portuguese Catholic Church: among others, the Patriarchate of Lisbon.
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Regime change
Regime change is the replacement of one government regime with another.
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Reprivatization
Reprivatization refers to the process of restoring to its former owners properties seized by a government, or to the process of compensating previously uncompensated former owners.
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Ricardo Costa (filmmaker)
Ricardo Costa (born 25 January 1940) is a Portuguese film director and producer.
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Robert Kramer
Robert Kramer (June 22, 1939 – November 10, 1999) was a left leaning American film director, screenwriter and actor.
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RTP2
RTP2 is the second television channel of Rádio e Televisão de Portugal, the Portuguese public broadcasting corporation.
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Rural area
In general, a rural area or countryside is a geographic area that is located outside towns and cities.
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Salgueiro Maia
Fernando José Salgueiro Maia, GOTE, GCL (1 July 1944 in Castelo de Vide, Portugal – 4 April 1992 in Santarém), commonly known just by Salgueiro Maia, was a captain of the Portuguese army.
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São Tomé and Príncipe
São Tomé and Príncipe, officially the Democratic Republic of São Tomé and Príncipe, is an island nation in the Gulf of Guinea, off the western equatorial coast of Central Africa.
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Screwball comedy film
Screwball comedy is a genre of comedy film that became popular during the Great Depression, originating in the early 1930s and thriving until the early 1940s.
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SEDES
The SEDES is one of the oldest Portuguese civic associations and think tanks.
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Semapa
Semapa - Sociedade de Investimento e Gestão (Semapa - Investment and Management Company) is a Portuguese conglomerate holding company with interests in the cement, pulp and paper and environmental services sectors.
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Siné
Maurice Sinet (31 December 1928 – 5 May 2016), known professionally as Siné, was a French political cartoonist.
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Sintra
Sintra is a municipality in the Grande Lisboa subregion (Lisbon Region) of Portugal, considered part of the Portuguese Riviera.
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Slippage (finance)
With regard to futures contracts as well as other financial instruments, slippage is the difference between where the computer signaled the entry and exit for a trade and where actual clients, with actual money, entered and exited the market using the computer’s signals.
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Socialism
Socialism is a range of economic and social systems characterised by social ownership and democratic control of the means of production as well as the political theories and movements associated with them.
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Sonae
Sonae (Sonae SGPS, S.A.) is a Portuguese retail company (Sonae MC and Sonae SR) with two big partnerships in the shopping centres areas (Sonae Sierra) and the Software and Information Systems, Media and Telecommunications (Sonaecom).
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South Africa
South Africa, officially the Republic of South Africa (RSA), is the southernmost country in Africa.
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South Korea
South Korea, officially the Republic of Korea (대한민국; Hanja: 大韓民國; Daehan Minguk,; lit. "The Great Country of the Han People"), is a country in East Asia, constituting the southern part of the Korean Peninsula and lying east to the Asian mainland.
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Sovereign wealth fund
A sovereign wealth fund (SWF) or sovereign investment fund is a state-owned investment fund that invests in real and financial assets such as stocks, bonds, real estate, precious metals, or in alternative investments such as private equity fund or hedge funds.
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Soviet Union
The Soviet Union, officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) was a socialist state in Eurasia that existed from 1922 to 1991.
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Structural Funds and Cohesion Fund
The Structural Funds and the Cohesion Fund are financial tools set up to implement the regional policy of the European Union.
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Sub-Saharan Africa
Sub-Saharan Africa is, geographically, the area of the continent of Africa that lies south of the Sahara.
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Terrorism
Terrorism is, in the broadest sense, the use of intentionally indiscriminate violence as a means to create terror among masses of people; or fear to achieve a financial, political, religious or ideological aim.
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Textile
A textile is a flexible material consisting of a network of natural or artificial fibres (yarn or thread).
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The Economist
The Economist is an English-language weekly magazine-format newspaper owned by the Economist Group and edited at offices in London.
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Time (magazine)
Time is an American weekly news magazine and news website published in New York City.
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Timeline of the Carnation Revolution
Main Movimento das Forças Armadas (MFA, "Movement of Armed Forces") forces.
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Timothy Garton Ash
Timothy Garton Ash CMG FRSA (born 12 July 1955) is a British historian, author and commentator.
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Tourism
Tourism is travel for pleasure or business; also the theory and practice of touring, the business of attracting, accommodating, and entertaining tourists, and the business of operating tours.
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Trade union
A trade union or trades union, also called a labour union (Canada) or labor union (US), is an organization of workers who have come together to achieve many common goals; such as protecting the integrity of its trade, improving safety standards, and attaining better wages, benefits (such as vacation, health care, and retirement), and working conditions through the increased bargaining power wielded by the creation of a monopoly of the workers.
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Transfer of sovereignty over Macau
The transfer of sovereignty of Macau from the Portuguese Republic to the People's Republic of China (PRC) occurred on 20 December 1999.
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United Nations
The United Nations (UN) is an intergovernmental organization tasked to promote international cooperation and to create and maintain international order.
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United States
The United States of America (USA), commonly known as the United States (U.S.) or America, is a federal republic composed of 50 states, a federal district, five major self-governing territories, and various possessions.
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United States Marine Corps
The United States Marine Corps (USMC), also referred to as the United States Marines, is a branch of the United States Armed Forces responsible for conducting amphibious operations with the United States Navy.
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University of Aveiro
The University of Aveiro (Universidade de Aveiro) is a public university, in addition to providing polytechnic education, located in the Portuguese city of Aveiro.
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University of Beira Interior
The University of Beira Interior (UBI; Portuguese: Universidade da Beira Interior) is a public university located in the city of Covilhã, Portugal.
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University of Coimbra
The University of Coimbra (UC; Universidade de Coimbra) is a Portuguese public university in Coimbra, Portugal.
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Vítor Alves
Vitor Manuel Rodrigues Alves (30 September 1935 Mafra, Portugal – 9 January 2011) was a Portuguese soldier and politician.
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Western Bloc
The Western Bloc during the Cold War refers to the countries allied with the United States and NATO against the Soviet Union and the Warsaw Pact.
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Western Europe
Western Europe is the region comprising the western part of Europe.
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YouTube
YouTube is an American video-sharing website headquartered in San Bruno, California.
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Zaibatsu
is a Japanese term referring to industrial and financial business conglomerates in the Empire of Japan, whose influence and size allowed control over significant parts of the Japanese economy from the Meiji period until the end of World War II.
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Zeca Afonso
José Manuel Cerqueira Afonso dos Santos, known as José Afonso, Zeca Afonso or just Zeca (2 August 1929 – 23 February 1987) is among the most influential folk and political musicians in Portuguese history.
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2 euro commemorative coins
2 commemorative coins are special euro coins minted and issued by member states of the eurozone since 2004 as legal tender in all eurozone member states.
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2010–14 Portuguese financial crisis
The Great Recession in Portugal led to the country being unable to repay or refinance its government debt without the assistance of third parties.
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25 de Abril Bridge
The 25 de Abril Bridge (Ponte 25 de Abril, 25th of April Bridge) is a suspension bridge connecting the city of Lisbon, capital of Portugal, to the municipality of Almada on the left (south) bank of the Tagus river.
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28 May 1926 coup d'état
The 28 May 1926 coup d'état, sometimes called 28 May Revolution or, during the period of the authoritarian Estado Novo (New State), the National Revolution (Revolução Nacional), was a military coup of a nationalist origin, that put an end to the unstable Portuguese First Republic and initiated the Ditadura Nacional (National Dictatorship), later refashioned into the Estado Novo, an authoritarian dictatorship that would last until the Carnation Revolution in 1974.
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Redirects here:
1974 Portuguese coup d'état, 25 de Abril, 25 de Abril revolution, Carnation Coup, Carnation revolution, Fall of Fascist Portugal, Freedom Day (Portugal), Portuguese Revolution of 1974, Portuguese revolution of 1974, Revolucao dos Cravos, Revolução dos Cravos, The Portuguese Revolution of 1974.
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carnation_Revolution
