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Cell culture

Index Cell culture

Cell culture is the process by which cells are grown under controlled conditions, generally outside their natural environment. [1]

285 relations: A431 cells, A549 cell, Acute monocytic leukemia, Acute myeloid leukemia, Adenoviridae, Adrenal medulla, Adrenocortical carcinoma, Aedes albopictus, AHL-1 cells, Amino acid, Amphotericin B, Androgen, Animal, Animal-free agriculture, Antibiotic, Apoptosis, Asepsis, Astrocyte, ATCC (company), Auxin, B16 Melanoma, Baby hamster kidney cell, Bacteriology, Baculoviridae, BCP-1 cells, BEnd.3, Biochemistry, Bioethics, Biological immortality, Biotechnology, Bone tumor, BOSC23, Bovine spongiform encephalopathy, Breast cancer, BT-20 (cell line), Buffer solution, BxPC-3, C2C12, Cabbage looper, Caco-2, Callus (cell biology), Calu-3, Calvaria (skull), Carbohydrate, Carbon dioxide, Cell (biology), Cell culture assay, Cell isolation, Cell type, Cellular agriculture, ..., Cellular differentiation, Cerebral cortex, Cervical cancer, Chemically defined medium, Chemotherapy, Chickenpox, Chinese hamster ovary cell, Chlorocebus, Chronic myelogenous leukemia, Confocal microscopy, Contact inhibition, Corpus luteum, COS cells, Cultured meat, Cytokinin, DAOY (biology), DNA profiling, Dog, Drosophila melanogaster, DU145, Dura mater, Electric cell-substrate impedance sensing, Embryo, Enzyme, Epigenetics, Epithelium, Erythropoietin, Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, Eukaryote, Ex vivo, Explant culture, Extracellular matrix, Fall armyworm, Fetal bovine serum, Fibroblast, Frederick Chapman Robbins, Fungus, Gene, Gene expression, Glioblastoma, Glioma, Glioma 261, Glucose, Glutamine, Glycosylation, Granulosa cell, Growth factor, Growth medium, H1299, H295R, HaCaT, Hayflick limit, Heart, HEK 293 cells, HeLa, Hep G2, Heredity, High Five cells, HL60, Hormone, HT-29, HT1080, Human leukocyte antigen, Hybridoma technology, Immortalised cell line, Immunization, Incubator (culture), Infection, Influenza A virus subtype H5N1, Influenza vaccine, Interleukin, Isozyme, J558L cells, John Franklin Enders, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Jonas Salk, Julius Richard Petri, Jurkat cells, JY cell line, K562 cells, KBM-7 cells, Keratinocyte, Kidney, L1210 cells, Laboratory, Laboratory flask, Laminar flow cabinet, Leukemia, List of breast cancer cell lines, List of contaminated cell lines, LNCaP, Long-nosed potoroo, Lymphocyte, Lymphokine, Lymphoma, Macrophage, Madin-Darby Canine Kidney cells, Matrix metalloproteinase, MC3T3, MCF-7, MDA-MB-468, Measles, Medulloblastoma, Melanoma, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Mesenchymal stem cell, MIA PaCa-2, Microbiological culture, Microcarrier, Microorganism, Microsatellite, Mineral, Model organism, Molecular biology, Monoclonal antibody, Monocyte, Moore v. Regents of the University of California, Morphology (biology), Mouse, MRC-5, Multiple myeloma, Mumps, Myeloblast, Myeloid tissue, N2a cell, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Natural selection, NCI-60, Necrosis, Neural plate, Neuroblastoma, NK-92, Nobel Prize, NTERA-2, OK cells, Organ culture, Osmotic pressure, Osteosarcoma, Oxygen, PANC-1, Pandemic, PC12 cell line, PC3, Penicillin, Peripheral blood mononuclear cell, Petri dish, PH, PH indicator, Phenol red, Phenotype, Pheochromocytoma, Pituitary adenoma, Plant tissue culture, Platelet lysate, Polio vaccine, Poliomyelitis, Polymer, Primate, Prion, Progesterone, Pronase, Prostate, Prostate cancer, Ptk2 cells, Raji cell, Rat, RBL cells, Recombinant DNA, Ringer's lactate solution, RNA interference, Robert Koch, Ross Granville Harrison, Rubella, Saos-2 cells, Schneider 2 cells, Senescence, Sf21, Sf9 (cells), SH-SY5Y, Single-use bioreactor, SK-OV-3, SKBR3, Small interfering RNA, Somatic (biology), Spleen, Squamous cell carcinoma, Stem cell, STR analysis, Streptomycin, Submandibular duct, Supreme Court of California, Sydney Ringer, T-47D, T98G, Telomerase, Temperature, Thomas Huckle Weller, THP-1 cell line, Tissue culture, Tissue engineering, Tobacco BY-2 cells, Transduction (genetics), Transfection, Transformation (genetics), Transmissible spongiform encephalopathy, Trypsin, U87, U937 (cell line), United States, Vaccine, VCaP, Vero cell, VG-1, Viral culture, Viral plaque, Viral replication, Virginia opossum, Virology, Vitamin, White blood cell, Wild type, Wilhelm Roux, Xenopus, Yale Alumni Magazine, Yale University, Zebrafish, Zebrafish AB9 cell line, 293T, 3D cell culture, 3D cell culture in wood-based nanocellulose hydrogel, 3D cell culturing by magnetic levitation, 3T3 cells, 3T3-L1, 4T1. Expand index (235 more) »

A431 cells

A431 cells are a model human cell line (epidermoid carcinoma) used in biomedical research.

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A549 cell

A549 cells are adenocarcinomic human alveolar basal epithelial cells, and constitute a cell line that was first developed in 1972 by D. J. Giard, et al.

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Acute monocytic leukemia

Acute monocytic leukemia (AMoL, or AML-M5) is considered a type of acute myeloid leukemia.

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Acute myeloid leukemia

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a cancer of the myeloid line of blood cells, characterized by the rapid growth of abnormal cells that build up in the bone marrow and blood and interfere with normal blood cells.

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Adenoviridae

Adenoviruses (members of the family Adenoviridae) are medium-sized (90–100 nm), nonenveloped (without an outer lipid bilayer) viruses with an icosahedral nucleocapsid containing a double stranded DNA genome.

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Adrenal medulla

The adrenal medulla (medulla glandulae suprarenalis) is part of the adrenal gland.

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Adrenocortical carcinoma

Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC, adrenal cortical carcinoma, adrenal cortical cancer, adrenal cortex cancer, etc.) is an aggressive cancer originating in the cortex (steroid hormone-producing tissue) of the adrenal gland.

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Aedes albopictus

Aedes albopictus (Stegomyia albopicta), from the mosquito (Culicidae) family, also known as (Asian) tiger mosquito or forest mosquito, is a mosquito native to the tropical and subtropical areas of Southeast Asia; however, in the past few decades, this species has spread to many countries through the transport of goods and international travel.

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AHL-1 cells

The AHL-1 cell line is derived from the lung of a normal, adult, male Armenian hamster, Cricetulus migratorius.

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Amino acid

Amino acids are organic compounds containing amine (-NH2) and carboxyl (-COOH) functional groups, along with a side chain (R group) specific to each amino acid.

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Amphotericin B

Amphotericin B is an antifungal medication used for serious fungal infections and leishmaniasis.

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Androgen

An androgen (from Greek andr-, the stem of the word meaning "man") is any natural or synthetic steroid hormone which regulates the development and maintenance of male characteristics in vertebrates by binding to androgen receptors.

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Animal

Animals are multicellular eukaryotic organisms that form the biological kingdom Animalia.

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Animal-free agriculture

Animal-free agriculture consists of farming methods that do not use animals or animal products.

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Antibiotic

An antibiotic (from ancient Greek αντιβιοτικά, antibiotiká), also called an antibacterial, is a type of antimicrobial drug used in the treatment and prevention of bacterial infections.

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Apoptosis

Apoptosis (from Ancient Greek ἀπόπτωσις "falling off") is a process of programmed cell death that occurs in multicellular organisms.

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Asepsis

Asepsis is the state of being free from disease-causing micro-organisms (such as pathogenic bacteria, viruses, pathogenic fungi, and parasites).

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Astrocyte

Astrocytes (Astro from Greek astron.

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ATCC (company)

ATCC or the American Type Culture Collection is a nonprofit organization which collects, stores, and distributes standard reference microorganisms, cell lines and other materials for research and development.

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Auxin

Auxins (plural of auxin) are a class of plant hormones (or plant growth regulators) with some morphogen-like characteristics.

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B16 Melanoma

B16 melanoma is a murine tumor cell line used for research as a model for human skin cancers.

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Baby hamster kidney cell

Baby Hamster Kidney fibroblasts (BHK cells) are an adherent cell line used in molecular biology.

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Bacteriology

Bacteriology is the branch and specialty of biology that studies the morphology, ecology, genetics and biochemistry of bacteria as well as many other aspects related to them.

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Baculoviridae

Baculoviridae is a family of viruses.

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BCP-1 cells

BCP-1 cells are a clonal lymphoma cell line.

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BEnd.3

bEnd.3 is a mouse brain cell line derived from BALB/c mice.

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Biochemistry

Biochemistry, sometimes called biological chemistry, is the study of chemical processes within and relating to living organisms.

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Bioethics

Bioethics is the study of the ethical issues emerging from advances in biology and medicine.

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Biological immortality

Biological immortality (sometimes referred to bio-indefinite mortality) is a state in which the rate of mortality from senescence is stable or decreasing, thus decoupling it from chronological age.

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Biotechnology

Biotechnology is the broad area of science involving living systems and organisms to develop or make products, or "any technological application that uses biological systems, living organisms, or derivatives thereof, to make or modify products or processes for specific use" (UN Convention on Biological Diversity, Art. 2).

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Bone tumor

A bone tumor (also spelled bone tumour) is a neoplastic growth of tissue in bone.

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BOSC23

BOSC 23 is a human kidney cell line developed by Warren Pear in David Baltimore's lab that was derived from the 293T cell line.

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Bovine spongiform encephalopathy

Bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE), commonly known as mad cow disease, is a transmissible spongiform encephalopathy and fatal neurodegenerative disease in cattle that may be passed to humans who have eaten infected flesh.

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Breast cancer

Breast cancer is cancer that develops from breast tissue.

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BT-20 (cell line)

BT-20 is a breast cancer cell line derived from a 74-year-old human female in 1958 by E.Y. Lasfargues and L. Ozzello.

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Buffer solution

A buffer solution (more precisely, pH buffer or hydrogen ion buffer) is an aqueous solution consisting of a mixture of a weak acid and its conjugate base, or vice versa.

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BxPC-3

BxPC-3 (BxPC3) is a human pancreatic cancer cell line used in the study of pancreatic adenocarcinomas and treatments thereof.

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C2C12

C2C12 is an immortalized mouse myoblast cell line.

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Cabbage looper

The cabbage looper (Trichoplusia ni) is a moth in the family Noctuidae, a family commonly referred to as owlet moths.

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Caco-2

The Caco-2 cell line is a continuous line of heterogeneous human epithelial colorectal adenocarcinoma cells, developed by the Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research through research conducted by Dr.

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Callus (cell biology)

Plant callus (plural calluses or calli) is a growing mass of unorganized plant parenchyma cells.

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Calu-3

Calu-3 is a human lung cancer cell line commonly used in cancer research and drug development.

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Calvaria (skull)

The calvaria or skullcap (feminine Latin noun with plural calvariae; however, many medical texts list the word as calvarium, neuter Latin noun with plural calvaria) is the upper part of the neurocranium and covers the cranial cavity containing the brain.

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Carbohydrate

A carbohydrate is a biomolecule consisting of carbon (C), hydrogen (H) and oxygen (O) atoms, usually with a hydrogen–oxygen atom ratio of 2:1 (as in water); in other words, with the empirical formula (where m may be different from n).

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Carbon dioxide

Carbon dioxide (chemical formula) is a colorless gas with a density about 60% higher than that of dry air.

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Cell (biology)

The cell (from Latin cella, meaning "small room") is the basic structural, functional, and biological unit of all known living organisms.

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Cell culture assay

In biomaterials testing, a cell culture assay is any method which is used to assess the cytotoxicity of a material.

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Cell isolation

Cell isolation is the process of separating individual living cells from a solid block of tissue or cell suspension. While some types of cell naturally exist in a separated form (for example blood cells), other cell types that are found in solid tissue require specific techniques to separate them into individual cells. This may be performed by using enzymes to digest the proteins that binds these cells together within the extracellular matrix.

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Cell type

A cell type is a classification used to distinguish between morphologically or phenotypically distinct cell forms within a species.

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Cellular agriculture

Cellular agriculture is an interdisciplinary branch of science combining biology and engineering, focused on the production of agriculture products from cell cultures.

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Cellular differentiation

In developmental biology, cellular differentiation is the process where a cell changes from one cell type to another.

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Cerebral cortex

The cerebral cortex is the largest region of the cerebrum in the mammalian brain and plays a key role in memory, attention, perception, cognition, awareness, thought, language, and consciousness.

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Cervical cancer

Cervical cancer is a cancer arising from the cervix.

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Chemically defined medium

A chemically defined medium is a growth medium suitable for the in vitro cell culture of human or animal cells in which all of the chemical components are known.

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Chemotherapy

Chemotherapy (often abbreviated to chemo and sometimes CTX or CTx) is a type of cancer treatment that uses one or more anti-cancer drugs (chemotherapeutic agents) as part of a standardized chemotherapy regimen.

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Chickenpox

Chickenpox, also known as varicella, is a highly contagious disease caused by the initial infection with varicella zoster virus (VZV).

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Chinese hamster ovary cell

Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells are an epithelial cell line derived from the ovary of the Chinese hamster, often used in biological and medical research and commercially in the production of therapeutic proteins.

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Chlorocebus

Chlorocebus is a genus of medium-sized primates from the family of Old World monkeys.

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Chronic myelogenous leukemia

Chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML), also known as chronic myeloid leukemia, is a cancer of the white blood cells.

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Confocal microscopy

Confocal microscopy, most frequently confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) or laser confocal scanning microscopy (LCSM), is an optical imaging technique for increasing optical resolution and contrast of a micrograph by means of using a spatial pinhole to block out-of-focus light in image formation.

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Contact inhibition

In cell biology, contact inhibition refers to two different but closely related phenomena: contact inhibition of locomotion (CIL) and contact inhibition of proliferation (CIP).

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Corpus luteum

The corpus luteum (Latin for "yellow body"; plural corpora lutea) is a temporary endocrine structure in female ovaries and is involved in the production of relatively high levels of progesterone, moderate levels of estradiol, inhibin A and small amounts of estrogen.

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COS cells

COS are fibroblast-like cell lines derived from monkey kidney tissue.

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Cultured meat

Cultured meat, also called clean meat, synthetic meat or in vitro meat, is meat grown from in vitro animals cell culture instead of from slaughtered animals.

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Cytokinin

Cytokinins (CK) are a class of plant growth substances (phytohormones) that promote cell division, or cytokinesis, in plant roots and shoots.

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DAOY (biology)

DAOY is a widely used human primary medulloblastoma cell line.

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DNA profiling

DNA profiling (also called DNA fingerprinting, DNA testing, or DNA typing) is the process of determining an individual's DNA characteristics, which are as unique as fingerprints.

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Dog

The domestic dog (Canis lupus familiaris when considered a subspecies of the gray wolf or Canis familiaris when considered a distinct species) is a member of the genus Canis (canines), which forms part of the wolf-like canids, and is the most widely abundant terrestrial carnivore.

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Drosophila melanogaster

Drosophila melanogaster is a species of fly (the taxonomic order Diptera) in the family Drosophilidae.

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DU145

DU145 (DU-145) is a human prostate cancer cell line.

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Dura mater

Dura mater, or dura, is a thick membrane made of dense irregular connective tissue that surrounds the brain and spinal cord.

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Electric cell-substrate impedance sensing

Electric cell-substrate impedance sensing or ECISTM (a trademark of Applied BioPhysics Inc.) refers to a non-invasive biophysical approach to monitor living animal cells in vitro, i.e. within a well-defined laboratory environment.

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Embryo

An embryo is an early stage of development of a multicellular diploid eukaryotic organism.

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Enzyme

Enzymes are macromolecular biological catalysts.

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Epigenetics

Epigenetics is the study of heritable changes in gene function that do not involve changes in the DNA sequence.

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Epithelium

Epithelium is one of the four basic types of animal tissue, along with connective tissue, muscle tissue and nervous tissue.

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Erythropoietin

Erythropoietin (EPO), also known as hematopoietin or hemopoietin, is a glycoprotein cytokine secreted by the kidney in response to cellular hypoxia; it stimulates red blood cell production (erythropoiesis) in the bone marrow.

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Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid

Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), also known by several other names, is a chemical originating in multiseasonal plants with dormancy stages as a lipidopreservative which helps to develop the stem, currently used for both industrial and medical purposes.

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Eukaryote

Eukaryotes are organisms whose cells have a nucleus enclosed within membranes, unlike Prokaryotes (Bacteria and other Archaea).

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Ex vivo

Ex vivo (Latin: "out of the living") means that which takes place outside an organism.

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Explant culture

In biology, explant culture is a technique to organotypically culture cells from a piece or pieces of tissue or organ removed from a plant or animal.

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Extracellular matrix

In biology, the extracellular matrix (ECM) is a collection of extracellular molecules secreted by support cells that provides structural and biochemical support to the surrounding cells.

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Fall armyworm

The fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) is a species in the order of Lepidoptera and is the larval life stage of a fall armyworm moth.

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Fetal bovine serum

Fetal bovine serum (FBS) comes from the blood drawn from a bovine fetus via a closed system of collection at the slaughterhouse.

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Fibroblast

A fibroblast is a type of biological cell that synthesizes the extracellular matrix and collagen, the structural framework (stroma) for animal tissues, and plays a critical role in wound healing.

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Frederick Chapman Robbins

Frederick Chapman Robbins (August 25, 1916 – August 4, 2003) was an American pediatrician and virologist.

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Fungus

A fungus (plural: fungi or funguses) is any member of the group of eukaryotic organisms that includes microorganisms such as yeasts and molds, as well as the more familiar mushrooms.

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Gene

In biology, a gene is a sequence of DNA or RNA that codes for a molecule that has a function.

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Gene expression

Gene expression is the process by which information from a gene is used in the synthesis of a functional gene product.

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Glioblastoma

Glioblastoma, also known as glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), is the most aggressive cancer that begins within the brain.

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Glioma

A glioma is a type of tumor that starts in the glial cells of the brain or the spine.

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Glioma 261

Glioma 261 (GL261) is a frequently used murine glioma model.

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Glucose

Glucose is a simple sugar with the molecular formula C6H12O6.

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Glutamine

Glutamine (symbol Gln or Q) is an α-amino acid that is used in the biosynthesis of proteins.

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Glycosylation

Glycosylation (see also chemical glycosylation) is the reaction in which a carbohydrate, i.e. a glycosyl donor, is attached to a hydroxyl or other functional group of another molecule (a glycosyl acceptor).

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Granulosa cell

A granulosa cell or follicular cell is a somatic cell of the sex cord that is closely associated with the developing female gamete (called an oocyte or egg) in the ovary of mammals.

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Growth factor

A growth factor is a naturally occurring substance capable of stimulating cellular growth, proliferation, healing, and cellular differentiation.

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Growth medium

A growth medium or culture medium is a solid, liquid or semi-solid designed to support the growth of microorganisms or cells, or small plants like the moss Physcomitrella patens.

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H1299

H1299, also known as NCI-H1299 or CRL-5803, is a human non-small cell lung carcinoma cell line derived from the lymph node, which is widely used in research.

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H295R

H295R (also referred to as NCI-H295R) is an angiotensin-II-responsive steroid-producing adrenocortical cell line.

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HaCaT

HaCaT is a spontaneously transformed aneuploid immortal keratinocyte cell line from adult human skin, widely used in scientific research.

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Hayflick limit

The Hayflick limit or Hayflick phenomenon is the number of times a normal human cell population will divide before cell division stops.

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Heart

The heart is a muscular organ in most animals, which pumps blood through the blood vessels of the circulatory system.

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HEK 293 cells

Human embryonic kidney cells 293, also often referred to as HEK 293, HEK-293, 293 cells, or less precisely as HEK cells, are a specific cell line originally derived from human embryonic kidney cells grown in tissue culture.

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HeLa

HeLa (also Hela or hela) is a cell type in an immortal cell line used in scientific research.

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Hep G2

Hep G2 is a human liver cancer cell line.

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Heredity

Heredity is the passing on of traits from parents to their offspring, either through asexual reproduction or sexual reproduction, the offspring cells or organisms acquire the genetic information of their parents.

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High Five cells

High Five (officially called BTI-Tn-5B1-4) is an insect cell line that originated from the ovarian cells of the cabbage looper, Trichoplusia ni.

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HL60

The HL-60 cell line is a human leukemia cell line that has been used for laboratory research on blood cell formation and physiology.

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Hormone

A hormone (from the Greek participle “ὁρμῶ”, "to set in motion, urge on") is any member of a class of signaling molecules produced by glands in multicellular organisms that are transported by the circulatory system to target distant organs to regulate physiology and behaviour.

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HT-29

HT-29 is a human colon cancer cell line used extensively in biological and cancer research.

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HT1080

HT1080 is a fibrosarcoma cell line which has been used extensively in biomedical research.

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Human leukocyte antigen

The human leukocyte antigen (HLA) system or complex is a gene complex encoding the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) proteins in humans.

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Hybridoma technology

Hybridoma technology is a method for producing large numbers of identical antibodies (also called monoclonal antibodies).

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Immortalised cell line

An immortalized cell line is a population of cells from a multicellular organism which would normally not proliferate indefinitely but, due to mutation, have evaded normal cellular senescence and instead can keep undergoing division.

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Immunization

Immunization, or immunisation, is the process by which an individual's immune system becomes fortified against an agent (known as the immunogen).

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Incubator (culture)

In biology, an incubator is a device used to grow and maintain microbiological cultures or cell cultures.

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Infection

Infection is the invasion of an organism's body tissues by disease-causing agents, their multiplication, and the reaction of host tissues to the infectious agents and the toxins they produce.

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Influenza A virus subtype H5N1

Influenza A virus subtype H5N1, also known as A(H5N1) or simply H5N1, is a subtype of the influenza A virus which can cause illness in humans and many other animal species.

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Influenza vaccine

Influenza vaccines, also known as flu shots or flu jabs, are vaccines that protect against infection by Influenza viruses.

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Interleukin

Interleukins (ILs) are a group of cytokines (secreted proteins and signal molecules) that were first seen to be expressed by white blood cells (leukocytes).

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Isozyme

Isozymes (also known as isoenzymes or more generally as multiple forms of enzymes) are enzymes that differ in amino acid sequence but catalyze the same chemical reaction.

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J558L cells

J558L cells are mouse B myeloma cells derived from a BALB/c strain isolated by M. Bruggeman and M.S. Neuberger in University of Cambridge.

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John Franklin Enders

John Franklin Enders (February 10, 1897 – September 8, 1985) was an American biomedical scientist and Nobel Laureate.

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Johns Hopkins School of Medicine

The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine (JHUSOM), located in Baltimore, Maryland, U.S.A. (founded in 1893) is the academic medical teaching and research arm of the Johns Hopkins University, founded in 1876.

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Jonas Salk

Jonas Edward Salk (October 28, 1914June 23, 1995) was an American medical researcher and virologist.

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Julius Richard Petri

Julius Richard Petri (May 31, 1852 – December 20, 1921) was a German microbiologist who is generally credited with inventing the device known as the Petri dish after him, while working as assistant to bacteriologist Robert Koch.

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Jurkat cells

Jurkat cells are an immortalized line of human T lymphocyte cells that are used to study acute T cell leukemia, T cell signaling, and the expression of various chemokine receptors susceptible to viral entry, particularly HIV.

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JY cell line

The JY cell line is an Epstein–Barr virus (EBV)-immortalised B cell lymphoblastoid line.

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K562 cells

K562 cells were the first human immortalised myelogenous leukemia cell line to be established.

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KBM-7 cells

KBM-7 cells are a chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) cell line used for biomedical research.

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Keratinocyte

A keratinocyte is the predominant cell type in the epidermis, the outermost layer of the skin, constituting 90% of the cells found there.

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Kidney

The kidneys are two bean-shaped organs present in left and right sides of the body in vertebrates.

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L1210 cells

L1210 is a mouse lymphocytic leukemia cell line which is derived from the ascitic fluid of 8-month-old female mice.

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Laboratory

A laboratory (informally, lab) is a facility that provides controlled conditions in which scientific or technological research, experiments, and measurement may be performed.

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Laboratory flask

Laboratory flasks are vessels or containers which fall into the category of laboratory equipment known as glassware.

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Laminar flow cabinet

A laminar flow cabinet or laminar flow closet or tissue culture hood is a carefully enclosed bench designed to prevent contamination of semiconductor wafers, biological samples, or any particle sensitive materials.

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Leukemia

Leukemia, also spelled leukaemia, is a group of cancers that usually begin in the bone marrow and result in high numbers of abnormal white blood cells.

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List of breast cancer cell lines

Scientists study the behaviour of isolated cells grown in the laboratory for insights into how cells function in the body in health and disease.

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List of contaminated cell lines

Many cell lines that are widely used for biomedical research have been contaminated and overgrown by other, more aggressive cells.

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LNCaP

LNCaP cells are a cell line of human cells commonly used in the field of oncology.

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Long-nosed potoroo

The long-nosed potoroo (Potorous tridactylus) is a species of potoroo.

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Lymphocyte

A lymphocyte is one of the subtypes of white blood cell in a vertebrate's immune system.

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Lymphokine

Lymphokines are a subset of cytokines that are produced by a type of immune cell known as a lymphocyte.

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Lymphoma

Lymphoma is a group of blood cancers that develop from lymphocytes (a type of white blood cell).

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Macrophage

Macrophages (big eaters, from Greek μακρός (makrós).

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Madin-Darby Canine Kidney cells

Madin-Darby Canine Kidney (MDCK) cells are a model mammalian cell line used in biomedical research.

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Matrix metalloproteinase

Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), also known as matrixins, are calcium-dependent zinc-containing endopeptidases; other family members are adamalysins, serralysins, and astacins.

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MC3T3

MC3T3 is an osteoblast precursor cell line derived from Mus musculus (mouse) calvaria.

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MCF-7

MCF-7 is a breast cancer cell line isolated in 1970 from a 69-year-old Caucasian woman.

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MDA-MB-468

MDA-MB-468 is a cell line that was isolated from a 51-year-old female human in 1977, and is commonly used in breast cancer research.

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Measles

Measles is a highly contagious infectious disease caused by the measles virus.

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Medulloblastoma

Medulloblastoma is the most common type of pediatric malignant primary brain tumor (cancer), originating in the part of the brain that is towards the back and the bottom, on the floor of the skull, in the cerebellum, or posterior fossa.

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Melanoma

Melanoma, also known as malignant melanoma, is a type of cancer that develops from the pigment-containing cells known as melanocytes.

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Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center

Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSK or MSKCC) is a cancer treatment and research institution in New York City, founded in 1884 as the New York Cancer Hospital.

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Mesenchymal stem cell

Mesenchymal stem cells are multipotent stromal cells that can differentiate into a variety of cell types, including osteoblasts (bone cells), chondrocytes (cartilage cells), myocytes (muscle cells) and adipocytes (fat cells which give rise to marrow adipose tissue).

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MIA PaCa-2

MIA PaCa-2 is a human pancreatic cancer cell line used extensively in pancreatic cancer research and therapy development.

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Microbiological culture

A microbiological culture, or microbial culture, is a method of multiplying microbial organisms by letting them reproduce in predetermined culture medium under controlled laboratory conditions.

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Microcarrier

A microcarrier is a support matrix allowing for the growth of adherent cells in bioreactors.

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Microorganism

A microorganism, or microbe, is a microscopic organism, which may exist in its single-celled form or in a colony of cells. The possible existence of unseen microbial life was suspected from ancient times, such as in Jain scriptures from 6th century BC India and the 1st century BC book On Agriculture by Marcus Terentius Varro. Microbiology, the scientific study of microorganisms, began with their observation under the microscope in the 1670s by Antonie van Leeuwenhoek. In the 1850s, Louis Pasteur found that microorganisms caused food spoilage, debunking the theory of spontaneous generation. In the 1880s Robert Koch discovered that microorganisms caused the diseases tuberculosis, cholera and anthrax. Microorganisms include all unicellular organisms and so are extremely diverse. Of the three domains of life identified by Carl Woese, all of the Archaea and Bacteria are microorganisms. These were previously grouped together in the two domain system as Prokaryotes, the other being the eukaryotes. The third domain Eukaryota includes all multicellular organisms and many unicellular protists and protozoans. Some protists are related to animals and some to green plants. Many of the multicellular organisms are microscopic, namely micro-animals, some fungi and some algae, but these are not discussed here. They live in almost every habitat from the poles to the equator, deserts, geysers, rocks and the deep sea. Some are adapted to extremes such as very hot or very cold conditions, others to high pressure and a few such as Deinococcus radiodurans to high radiation environments. Microorganisms also make up the microbiota found in and on all multicellular organisms. A December 2017 report stated that 3.45 billion year old Australian rocks once contained microorganisms, the earliest direct evidence of life on Earth. Microbes are important in human culture and health in many ways, serving to ferment foods, treat sewage, produce fuel, enzymes and other bioactive compounds. They are essential tools in biology as model organisms and have been put to use in biological warfare and bioterrorism. They are a vital component of fertile soils. In the human body microorganisms make up the human microbiota including the essential gut flora. They are the pathogens responsible for many infectious diseases and as such are the target of hygiene measures.

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Microsatellite

A microsatellite is a tract of repetitive DNA in which certain DNA motifs (ranging in length from 1–6 or more base pairs) are repeated, typically 5–50 times.

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Mineral

A mineral is a naturally occurring chemical compound, usually of crystalline form and not produced by life processes.

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Model organism

A model organism is a non-human species that is extensively studied to understand particular biological phenomena, with the expectation that discoveries made in the organism model will provide insight into the workings of other organisms.

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Molecular biology

Molecular biology is a branch of biology which concerns the molecular basis of biological activity between biomolecules in the various systems of a cell, including the interactions between DNA, RNA, proteins and their biosynthesis, as well as the regulation of these interactions.

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Monoclonal antibody

Monoclonal antibodies (mAb or moAb) are antibodies that are made by identical immune cells that are all clones of a unique parent cell.

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Monocyte

Monocytes are a type of leukocyte, or white blood cell.

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Moore v. Regents of the University of California

Moore v. Regents of the University of California was a landmark Supreme Court of California decision.

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Morphology (biology)

Morphology is a branch of biology dealing with the study of the form and structure of organisms and their specific structural features.

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Mouse

A mouse (Mus), plural mice, is a small rodent characteristically having a pointed snout, small rounded ears, a body-length scaly tail and a high breeding rate.

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MRC-5

MRC-5 (Medical Research Council cell strain 5) is a diploid human cell culture line composed of fibroblasts derived from lung tissue of a 14 week old aborted caucasian male fetus.

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Multiple myeloma

Multiple myeloma, also known as plasma cell myeloma, is a cancer of plasma cells, a type of white blood cell normally responsible for producing antibodies.

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Mumps

Mumps is a viral disease caused by the mumps virus.

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Myeloblast

The myeloblast is a unipotent stem cell, which will differentiate into one of the effectors of the granulocyte series.

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Myeloid tissue

Myeloid tissue, in the bone marrow sense of the word myeloid (myelo- + -oid), is tissue of bone marrow, of bone marrow cell lineage, or resembling bone marrow, and myelogenous tissue (myelo- + -genous) is any tissue of, or arising from, bone marrow; in these senses the terms are usually used synonymously, as for example with chronic myeloid/myelogenous leukemia.

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N2a cell

N2a cells (also known as Neuro2a cells) are a fast-growing mouse neuroblastoma cell line.

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National Cancer Institute

The National Cancer Institute (NCI) is part of the National Institutes of Health (NIH), which is one of eleven agencies that are part of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.

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National Institutes of Health

The National Institutes of Health (NIH) is the primary agency of the United States government responsible for biomedical and public health research, founded in the late 1870s.

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Natural selection

Natural selection is the differential survival and reproduction of individuals due to differences in phenotype.

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NCI-60

The NCI-60 cancer cell line panel is a group of 60 human cancer cell lines used by the National Cancer Institute (NCI) for the screening of compounds to detect potential anticancer activity.

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Necrosis

Necrosis (from the Greek νέκρωσις "death, the stage of dying, the act of killing" from νεκρός "dead") is a form of cell injury which results in the premature death of cells in living tissue by autolysis.

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Neural plate

The neural plate is a key developmental structure that serves as the basis for the nervous system.

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Neuroblastoma

Neuroblastoma (NB) is a type of cancer that forms in certain types of nerve tissue. It most frequently starts from one of the adrenal glands, but can also develop in the neck, chest, abdomen, or spine. Symptoms may include bone pain, a lump in the abdomen, neck, or chest, or a painless bluish lump under the skin. Occasionally, neuroblastoma may be due to a mutation inherited from a person's parents. Environmental factors have not been found to be involved. Diagnosis is based on a tissue biopsy. Occasionally it may be found in a baby by ultrasound during pregnancy. At diagnosis, the cancer has usually already spread. The cancer is divided into low-, intermediate-, and high-risk groups based on a child's age, cancer stage, and what the cancer looks like. Treatment and outcomes depends on the risk group a person is in. Treatments may include observation, surgery, radiation, chemotherapy, or stem cell transplantation. Low-risk disease in babies typically has a good outcome with surgery or simply observation. In high-risk disease, chances of long-term survival, however, are less than 40% despite aggressive treatment. Neuroblastoma is the most common cancer in babies and the third-most common cancer in children after leukemia and brain cancer. About one in every 7,000 children is affected at some time. About 90% of cases occur in children less than 5 years old and it is rare in adults. Of cancer deaths in children, about 15% are due to neuroblastoma. The disease was first described in the 1800s.

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NK-92

NK-92 is a continuously growing cell line that has features and characteristics of natural killer (NK) cells that every person has circulating in the blood.

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Nobel Prize

The Nobel Prize (Swedish definite form, singular: Nobelpriset; Nobelprisen) is a set of six annual international awards bestowed in several categories by Swedish and Norwegian institutions in recognition of academic, cultural, or scientific advances.

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NTERA-2

The NTERA-2 (also designated NTERA2/D1, NTERA2, or NT2) cell line is a clonally derived, pluripotent human embryonal carcinoma cell line.

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OK cells

OK cells (short for opossum kidney cells) are a marsupial cell line used in medical research to model proximal tubule epithelial cells of the kidney.

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Organ culture

Organ culture is a development from tissue culture methods of research, the organ culture is able to accurately model functions of an organ in various states and conditions by the use of the actual in vitro organ itself.

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Osmotic pressure

Osmotic pressure is the minimum pressure which needs to be applied to a solution to prevent the inward flow of its pure solvent across a semipermeable membrane.

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Osteosarcoma

An osteosarcoma (OS) or osteogenic sarcoma (OGS) is a cancerous tumor in a bone.

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Oxygen

Oxygen is a chemical element with symbol O and atomic number 8.

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PANC-1

PANC-1 is a human pancreatic cancer cell line isolated from a pancreatic carcinoma of ductal cell origin.

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Pandemic

A pandemic (from Greek πᾶν pan "all" and δῆμος demos "people") is an epidemic of infectious disease that has spread across a large region; for instance multiple continents, or even worldwide.

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PC12 cell line

PC12 is a cell line derived from a pheochromocytoma of the rat adrenal medulla, that have an embryonic origin from the neural crest that has a mixture of neuroblastic cells and eosinophilic cells.

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PC3

PC3 (PC-3) is a human prostate cancer cell line used in prostate cancer research and drug development.

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Penicillin

Penicillin (PCN or pen) is a group of antibiotics which include penicillin G (intravenous use), penicillin V (use by mouth), procaine penicillin, and benzathine penicillin (intramuscular use).

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Peripheral blood mononuclear cell

A peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) is any peripheral blood cell having a round nucleus.

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Petri dish

A Petri dish (sometimes spelled "Petrie Dish" and alternatively known as a Petri plate or cell-culture dish), named after the German bacteriologist Julius Richard Petri, is a shallow cylindrical glass or plastic lidded dish that biologists use to culture cellssuch as bacteriaor small mosses.

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PH

In chemistry, pH is a logarithmic scale used to specify the acidity or basicity of an aqueous solution.

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PH indicator

A pH indicator is a halochromic chemical compound added in small amounts to a solution so the pH (acidity or basicity) of the solution can be determined visually.

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Phenol red

Phenol red (also known as phenolsulfonphthalein or PSP) is a pH indicator frequently used in cell biology laboratories.

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Phenotype

A phenotype is the composite of an organism's observable characteristics or traits, such as its morphology, development, biochemical or physiological properties, behavior, and products of behavior (such as a bird's nest).

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Pheochromocytoma

Pheochromocytoma (PCC) is a neuroendocrine tumor of the medulla of the adrenal glands (originating in the chromaffin cells), or extra-adrenal chromaffin tissue that failed to involute after birth, that secretes high amounts of catecholamines, mostly norepinephrine, plus epinephrine to a lesser extent.

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Pituitary adenoma

Pituitary adenomas are tumors that occur in the pituitary gland.

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Plant tissue culture

Plant tissue culture is a collection of techniques used to maintain or grow plant cells, tissues or organs under sterile conditions on a nutrient culture medium of known composition.

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Platelet lysate

Human platelet lysate (or hPL) is a substitute supplement for fetal bovine serum (FBS) in experimental and clinical cell culture.

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Polio vaccine

Polio vaccines are vaccines used to prevent poliomyelitis (polio).

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Poliomyelitis

Poliomyelitis, often called polio or infantile paralysis, is an infectious disease caused by the poliovirus.

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Polymer

A polymer (Greek poly-, "many" + -mer, "part") is a large molecule, or macromolecule, composed of many repeated subunits.

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Primate

A primate is a mammal of the order Primates (Latin: "prime, first rank").

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Prion

Prions are misfolded proteins that are associated with several fatal neurodegenerative diseases in animals and humans.

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Progesterone

Progesterone (P4) is an endogenous steroid and progestogen sex hormone involved in the menstrual cycle, pregnancy, and embryogenesis of humans and other species.

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Pronase

Pronase is a commercially available mixture of proteases isolated from the extracellular fluid of Streptomyces griseus.

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Prostate

The prostate (from Ancient Greek προστάτης, prostates, literally "one who stands before", "protector", "guardian") is a compound tubuloalveolar exocrine gland of the male reproductive system in most mammals.

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Prostate cancer

Prostate cancer is the development of cancer in the prostate, a gland in the male reproductive system.

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Ptk2 cells

PtK2 Cells are a cell line derived from male rat-kangaroo (Potorous tridactylis) epithelial kidney cells.

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Raji cell

Raji is the first continuous human cell line of hematopoietic origin.

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Rat

Rats are various medium-sized, long-tailed rodents in the superfamily Muroidea.

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RBL cells

RBL (Rat Basophilic Leukemia cells) are cancerous basophil cells that are well suited for the study of allergies.

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Recombinant DNA

Recombinant DNA (rDNA) molecules are DNA molecules formed by laboratory methods of genetic recombination (such as molecular cloning) to bring together genetic material from multiple sources, creating sequences that would not otherwise be found in the genome.

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Ringer's lactate solution

Ringer's lactate solution (RL), also known as sodium lactate solution and Hartmann's solution, is a mixture of sodium chloride, sodium lactate, potassium chloride, and calcium chloride in water.

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RNA interference

RNA interference (RNAi) is a biological process in which RNA molecules inhibit gene expression or translation, by neutralizing targeted mRNA molecules.

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Robert Koch

Robert Heinrich Hermann Koch (11 December 1843 – 27 May 1910) was a German physician and microbiologist.

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Ross Granville Harrison

Ross Granville Harrison (January 13, 1870 – September 30, 1959) was an American biologist and anatomist credited as the first to work successfully with artificial tissue culture.

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Rubella

Rubella, also known as German measles or three-day measles, is an infection caused by the rubella virus.

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Saos-2 cells

Saos-2 ("Sarcoma osteogenic") is a cell line derived from the primary osteosarcoma of an 11-year-old Caucasian girl in 1973 by Fogh et al.

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Schneider 2 cells

Schneider 2 cells, usually abbreviated as S2 cells, are one of the most commonly used Drosophila melanogaster cell lines.

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Senescence

Senescence or biological ageing is the gradual deterioration of function characteristic of most complex lifeforms, arguably found in all biological kingdoms, that on the level of the organism increases mortality after maturation.

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Sf21

Sf21 (officially called IPLB-Sf21-AE) is a continuous cell line developed from ovaries of the Fall Army worm, Spodoptera frugiperda, a moth species that is an agricultural pest on corn and other grass species.

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Sf9 (cells)

Sf9 cells, a clonal isolate of Spodoptera frugiperda Sf21 cells (IPLB-Sf21-AE), are commonly used in insect cell culture for recombinant protein production using baculovirus.

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SH-SY5Y

SH-SY5Y is a human derived cell line used in scientific research.

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Single-use bioreactor

A single-use bioreactor or disposable bioreactor is a bioreactor with a disposable bag instead of a culture vessel.

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SK-OV-3

SK-OV-3 (also known as SKOV-3; SK.OV.3; SKOV3; Skov3 and SKO3) is an ovarian cancer cell line derived from the ascites of a 64 year-old Caucasian female with an ovarian serous cystadenocarcinoma.

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SKBR3

SkBr3 (also known as SK-BR-3) is a breast cancer cell line isolated by the Memorial Sloan–Kettering Cancer Center in 1970 that is used in therapeutic research, especially in context of HER2 targeting.

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Small interfering RNA

Small interfering RNA (siRNA), sometimes known as short interfering RNA or silencing RNA, is a class of double-stranded RNA molecules, 20-25 base pairs in length, similar to miRNA, and operating within the RNA interference (RNAi) pathway.

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Somatic (biology)

The term somatic is often used in biology to refer to the cells of the body in contrast to the germ line cells which usually give rise to the gametes (ovum or sperm).

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Spleen

The spleen is an organ found in virtually all vertebrates.

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Squamous cell carcinoma

Squamous cell carcinomas, also known as epidermoid carcinoma are a number of different types of cancer that result from squamous cells.

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Stem cell

Stem cells are biological cells that can differentiate into other types of cells and can divide to produce more of the same type of stem cells.

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STR analysis

A Short Tandem Repeat (STR) analysis is one of the most useful methods in molecular biology which is used to compare specific loci on DNA from two or more samples.

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Streptomycin

Streptomycin is an antibiotic used to treat a number of bacterial infections.

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Submandibular duct

The submandibular duct or Wharton duct or submaxillary duct, is one of the salivary excretory ducts.

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Supreme Court of California

The Supreme Court of California is the court of last resort in the courts of the State of California.

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Sydney Ringer

Sydney Ringer FRS was a British clinician, physiologist and pharmacologist, best known for inventing Ringer's solution.

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T-47D

T-47D is a human breast cancer cell line commonly used in biomedical research involving the hormonal expression of cancer cells.

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T98G

T98G is a glioblastoma cell line used in brain cancer research and drug development.

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Telomerase

Telomerase, also called terminal transferase, is a ribonucleoprotein that adds a species-dependent telomere repeat sequence to the 3' end of telomeres.

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Temperature

Temperature is a physical quantity expressing hot and cold.

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Thomas Huckle Weller

Thomas Huckle Weller (June 15, 1915 – August 23, 2008) was an American virologist.

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THP-1 cell line

THP-1 is a human monocytic cell line derived from an acute monocytic leukemia patient.

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Tissue culture

Tissue culture is the growth of tissues or cells separate from the organism.

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Tissue engineering

Tissue engineering is the use of a combination of cells, engineering and materials methods, and suitable biochemical and physicochemical factors to improve or replace biological tissues.

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Tobacco BY-2 cells

Tobacco BY-2 cells is a cell line of plant cells, which was established from a callus induced on a seedling of Nicotiana tabacum cv.

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Transduction (genetics)

Transduction is the process by which foreign DNA is introduced into a cell by a virus or viral vector.

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Transfection

Transfection is the process of deliberately introducing naked or purified nucleic acids into eukaryotic cells.

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Transformation (genetics)

In molecular biology, transformation is the genetic alteration of a cell resulting from the direct uptake and incorporation of exogenous genetic material from its surroundings through the cell membrane(s).

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Transmissible spongiform encephalopathy

Transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs), also known as prion diseases, are a group of progressive, invariably fatal, conditions that affect the brain (encephalopathies) and nervous system of many animals, including humans.

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Trypsin

Trypsin is a serine protease from the PA clan superfamily, found in the digestive system of many vertebrates, where it hydrolyzes proteins.

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U87

In cell biology, U87 is a human primary glioblastoma cell line that is commonly used in brain cancer research.

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U937 (cell line)

U937 cells are a model cell line used in biomedical research.

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United States

The United States of America (USA), commonly known as the United States (U.S.) or America, is a federal republic composed of 50 states, a federal district, five major self-governing territories, and various possessions.

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Vaccine

A vaccine is a biological preparation that provides active acquired immunity to a particular disease.

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VCaP

VCaP cells are a cell line of human prostate cancer commonly used in the field of oncology.

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Vero cell

Vero cells are a lineage of cells used in cell cultures.

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VG-1

VG-1 is a B cell line which was derived from primary effusion lymphoma (PEL).

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Viral culture

Viral culture is a laboratory test in which samples are placed with a cell type that the virus being tested for is able to infect.

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Viral plaque

A viral plaque is a visible structure formed within a cell culture, such as bacterial cultures within some nutrient medium (e.g. agar).

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Viral replication

Viral replication is the formation of biological viruses during the infection process in the target host cells.

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Virginia opossum

The Virginia opossum (Didelphis virginiana), commonly known as the North American opossum, is a marsupial found in North America.

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Virology

Virology is the study of viruses – submicroscopic, parasitic particles of genetic material contained in a protein coat – and virus-like agents.

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Vitamin

A vitamin is an organic molecule (or related set of molecules) which is an essential micronutrient - that is, a substance which an organism needs in small quantities for the proper functioning of its metabolism - but cannot synthesize it (either at all, or in sufficient quantities), and therefore it must be obtained through the diet.

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White blood cell

White blood cells (WBCs), also called leukocytes or leucocytes, are the cells of the immune system that are involved in protecting the body against both infectious disease and foreign invaders.

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Wild type

Wild type (WT) refers to the phenotype of the typical form of a species as it occurs in nature.

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Wilhelm Roux

Wilhelm Roux (9 June 1850 – 15 September 1924) was a German zoologist and pioneer of experimental embryology.

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Xenopus

Xenopus (Gk., ξενος, xenos.

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Yale Alumni Magazine

The Yale Alumni Magazine is an alumni magazine about Yale University.

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Yale University

Yale University is an American private Ivy League research university in New Haven, Connecticut.

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Zebrafish

The zebrafish (Danio rerio) is a freshwater fish belonging to the minnow family (Cyprinidae) of the order Cypriniformes.

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Zebrafish AB9 cell line

Zebrafish AB9 cells are a primary fibroblast cell line developed from fin tissue of the AB strain.

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293T

293T (or HEK293T) is a human cell line, derived from the HEK 293 cell line, that expresses a mutant version of the SV40 large T antigen.

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3D cell culture

A 3D cell culture is an artificially created environment in which biological cells are permitted to grow or interact with their surroundings in all three dimensions.

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3D cell culture in wood-based nanocellulose hydrogel

Hydrogel from wood-based nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC) is used as a matrix for 3D cell culture.

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3D cell culturing by magnetic levitation

3D cell culture by the magnetic levitation method (MLM) is the application of growing 3D tissue by inducing cells treated with magnetic nanoparticle assemblies in spatially varying magnetic fields using neodymium magnetic drivers and promoting cell to cell interactions by levitating the cells up to the air/liquid interface of a standard petri dish.

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3T3 cells

3T3 cells come from a cell line established in 1962 by two scientists then at the Department of Pathology in the New York University School of Medicine, George Todaro and Howard Green.

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3T3-L1

3T3-L1 is a cell line derived from (mouse) 3T3 cells that is used in biological research on adipose tissue.

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4T1

4T1 is a breast cancer cell line derived from the mammary gland tissue of a mouse.

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Animal Cell Culture, Animal cell culture, Cell culture techniques, Cell cultures, Cell line, tumor, Cells, cultured, Co-culture, Cultured cell, Cultured cell line, Cultured cells, Human cell line, List of cell lines, Plant cell culture, Plant cell cultures, Plating density, Primary culture, Splitting cells, Tissue bath, Tumor cells, cultured.

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell_culture

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