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286 relations: Abraham Pineo Gesner, Acetylene, Acrylic fiber, Acrylonitrile, Adhesive, Adsorption, Agriculture, Agrochemical, Air Liquide, AkzoNobel, Alexander Parkes, Alkali Act 1863, American Chemistry Council, Ammonia, Ammonium nitrate, Amsterdam, Aniline, Aroma compound, Atmosphere of Earth, Bakelite, Bangkok, BASF, Bayer, Beijing, Belgium, Benzene, Benzyl benzoate, Bleach, Braskem, Brazil, Brine, Brussels, Calcium hydroxide, Carbon black, Catalysis, Celluloid, Ceramic, Charleroi, Charles Goodyear, Charles Tennant, Chemical engineering, Chemical leasing, Chemical plant, Chemical process, Chemical reaction, Chemical substance, China, Chlorine, Commodity chemicals, Company, ..., Conglomerate (company), Cosmetics, Coumarin, Covestro, Crystallization, Delaware, Detergent, Diammonium phosphate, Distillation, Dow Chemical Company, Drying, DuPont, Dye, Elastomer, Ernest Solvay, Essen, Ethylene, Ethylene oxide, Evonik Industries, Explosive material, ExxonMobil, Fertilizer, Fiber, Filtration, Fine chemical, Flavor, Fluoropolymer, Food additive, Food processing, Formosa Plastics Corp, Fractional distillation, France, French Academy of Sciences, French livre, French Revolution, Fungicide, Germany, Glasgow, Glasgow St Rollox (UK Parliament constituency), Glass, Glycerol, Gulf Coast of the United States, Herbert Henry Dow, Herbicide, Hoechst AG, Houston, Hydrogen peroxide, IG Farben, Imperial Chemical Industries, India, Industrial gas, Industrial Revolution, Ineos, Ingredients of cosmetics, Ink, Inorganic chemistry, Inorganic compound, Insecticide, Irving, Texas, James Muspratt, James Young (chemist), Japan, John Bennet Lawes, John Roebuck, Jord International, Joshua Ward, Kaohsiung, Laboratory, Lancashire, Lard, Leblanc process, Lever Brothers, Leverkusen, LG Chem, Lime (material), Liquefied petroleum gas, Liverpool, London, Losh, Wilson and Bell, Louisiana, Ludwig Mond, Ludwigshafen, Lye, LyondellBasell, Manufacturing, Medication, Metal, Metallurgy, Methanol, Midland, Michigan, Mineral, Mitsubishi Chemical Holdings, Monocalcium phosphate, Mumbai, Munich, Nancy, France, Natural gas, Neoprene, Netherlands, Nicolas Leblanc, Nitric acid, Nitrocellulose, Nitrogen, Nitroglycerin, Nitrous oxide, North East England, North East of England Process Industry Cluster, Norway, Nylon, Oil, Oleochemical, Organic chemistry, Oslo, Oxygen, Packaging and labeling, Paint, Paper, Paper chemicals, Paris, Pennsylvania, Pesticide, Petrochemical, Petroleum, Pharmaceutical industry, Phenol, Phosphate, Phosphoric acid, Pigment, Pittsburgh, Plastic, Plastics industry, Polycarbonate, Polyester, Polyethylene, Polyethylene terephthalate, Polyisoprene, Polymer, Polypropylene, Polystyrene, Polyurethane, Polyvinyl chloride, Port, Portland cement, Potash, Power station, PPG Industries, Precipitation (chemistry), Prestonpans, Prices of elements and their compounds, Products Finishing, Propene, PTT Global Chemical, Quality control, Raw material, Refining, Reliance Industries, Research and development, Resin, Responsible Care, Rhône-Poulenc, River Tyne, Riyadh, Rothamsted Research, Rotterdam, SABIC, Saint-Denis, Seine-Saint-Denis, Salt, Samuel Garbett, Saudi Arabia, São Paulo, Sealant, Seoul, Silicon dioxide, Sinopec, Sir John Brunner, 1st Baronet, Soap, Sodium carbonate, Sodium chloride, Sodium hydroxide, Solvay process, Solvay S.A., Solvent, Soured milk, South Korea, Soybean oil, Speciality chemicals, Specification (technical standard), Stearic acid, Styrene, Sublimation (phase transition), Sulfuric acid, Sumitomo Chemical, Sunlight, Surfactant, Synthetic fiber, Synthetic rubber, Taiwan, Tariff, Tata Chemicals Europe, Teesside, Texas, Textile, Thailand, The Linde Group, Thomas Hancock (inventor), Titanium dioxide, Tokyo, Toluene, Toray Industries, Turpentine, United Kingdom, United States, United States dollar, Urea, Urine, Vanillin, Vegetable oil, Veterinary medicine, Vinyl chloride, Vitamin, Vulcanization, Water, Water treatment, Western Europe, William Henry Perkin, William Lever, 1st Viscount Leverhulme, William Losh, Wilmington, Delaware, Winnington, Wood, World economy, Xylene, Yara International, 1,3-Butadiene, 18th century, 19th century. Expand index (236 more) »
Abraham Pineo Gesner
Abraham Pineo Gesner, ONB (May 2, 1797 – April 29, 1864) was a Canadian physician and geologist who invented kerosene.
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Acetylene
Acetylene (systematic name: ethyne) is the chemical compound with the formula C2H2.
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Acrylic fiber
Acrylic fibers are synthetic fibers made from a polymer (polyacrylonitrile) with an average molecular weight of ~100,000, about 1900 monomer units.
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Acrylonitrile
Acrylonitrile is an organic compound with the formula CH2CHCN.
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Adhesive
An adhesive, also known as glue, cement, mucilage, or paste, is any substance applied to one surface, or both surfaces, of two separate items that binds them together and resists their separation.
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Adsorption
Adsorption is the adhesion of atoms, ions or molecules from a gas, liquid or dissolved solid to a surface.
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Agriculture
Agriculture is the cultivation of land and breeding of animals and plants to provide food, fiber, medicinal plants and other products to sustain and enhance life.
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Agrochemical
An agrochemical or agrichemical, a contraction of agricultural chemical, is a chemical product used in agriculture.
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Air Liquide
Air Liquide S.A. (literally "liquid air"), is a French multinational company which supplies industrial gases and services to various industries including medical, chemical and electronic manufacturers.
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AkzoNobel
Akzo Nobel N.V., trading as AkzoNobel, is a Dutch multinational company which creates paints and performance coatings and produces specialty chemicals for both industry and consumers worldwide.
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Alexander Parkes
Alexander Parkes (29 December 1813 29 June 1890) was a metallurgist and inventor from Birmingham, England.
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Alkali Act 1863
Under the British Alkali Act 1863, an alkali inspector and four subinspectors were appointed to curb discharge into the air of muriatic acid gas (gaseous hydrochloric acid) from Leblanc alkali works.
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American Chemistry Council
The American Chemistry Council (ACC), formerly known as the Manufacturing Chemists' Association (at its founding in 1872) and then as the Chemical Manufacturers' Association (from 1978 until 2000), is an industry trade association for American chemical companies, based in Washington, D.C.
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Ammonia
Ammonia is a compound of nitrogen and hydrogen with the formula NH3.
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Ammonium nitrate
Ammonium nitrate is a chemical compound, the nitrate salt of the ammonium cation.
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Amsterdam
Amsterdam is the capital and most populous municipality of the Netherlands.
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Aniline
Aniline is an organic compound with the formula C6H5NH2.
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Aroma compound
An aroma compound, also known as an odorant, aroma, fragrance, or flavor, is a chemical compound that has a smell or odor.
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Atmosphere of Earth
The atmosphere of Earth is the layer of gases, commonly known as air, that surrounds the planet Earth and is retained by Earth's gravity.
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Bakelite
Bakelite (sometimes spelled Baekelite), or polyoxybenzylmethylenglycolanhydride, is the first plastic made from synthetic components.
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Bangkok
Bangkok is the capital and most populous city of the Kingdom of Thailand.
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BASF
BASF SE is a German chemical company and the largest chemical producer in the world.
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Bayer
Bayer AG is a German multinational, pharmaceutical and life sciences company.
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Beijing
Beijing, formerly romanized as Peking, is the capital of the People's Republic of China, the world's second most populous city proper, and most populous capital city.
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Belgium
Belgium, officially the Kingdom of Belgium, is a country in Western Europe bordered by France, the Netherlands, Germany and Luxembourg.
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Benzene
Benzene is an important organic chemical compound with the chemical formula C6H6.
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Benzyl benzoate
Benzyl benzoate (BnBzO), sold under the brand name Scabanca among others, is a medication and insect repellent.
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Bleach
Bleach is the generic name for any chemical product which is used industrially and domestically to whiten clothes, lighten hair color and remove stains.
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Braskem
Braskem is a Brazilian petrochemical company headquartered in São Paulo.
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Brazil
Brazil (Brasil), officially the Federative Republic of Brazil (República Federativa do Brasil), is the largest country in both South America and Latin America.
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Brine
Brine is a high-concentration solution of salt (usually sodium chloride) in water.
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Brussels
Brussels (Bruxelles,; Brussel), officially the Brussels-Capital Region (All text and all but one graphic show the English name as Brussels-Capital Region.) (Région de Bruxelles-Capitale, Brussels Hoofdstedelijk Gewest), is a region of Belgium comprising 19 municipalities, including the City of Brussels, which is the de jure capital of Belgium.
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Calcium hydroxide
Calcium hydroxide (traditionally called slaked lime) is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula Ca(OH)2.
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Carbon black
Carbon black (subtypes are acetylene black, channel black, furnace black, lamp black and thermal black) is a material produced by the incomplete combustion of heavy petroleum products such as FCC tar, coal tar, ethylene cracking tar, with the addition of a small amount of vegetable oil.
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Catalysis
Catalysis is the increase in the rate of a chemical reaction due to the participation of an additional substance called a catalysthttp://goldbook.iupac.org/C00876.html, which is not consumed in the catalyzed reaction and can continue to act repeatedly.
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Celluloid
Celluloids are a class of compounds created from nitrocellulose and camphor, with added dyes and other agents.
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Ceramic
A ceramic is a non-metallic solid material comprising an inorganic compound of metal, non-metal or metalloid atoms primarily held in ionic and covalent bonds.
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Charleroi
Charleroi (Tchålerwè) is a city and a municipality of Wallonia, located in the province of Hainaut, Belgium.
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Charles Goodyear
Charles Goodyear (December 29, 1800 – July 1, 1860) was an American self-taught chemist and manufacturing engineer who developed vulcanized rubber, for which he received patent number 3633 from the United States Patent Office on June 15, 1844.
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Charles Tennant
Charles Tennant (3 May 1768 – 1 October 1838) was a Scottish chemist and industrialist.
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Chemical engineering
Chemical engineering is a branch of engineering that uses principles of chemistry, physics, mathematics and economics to efficiently use, produce, transform, and transport chemicals, materials and energy.
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Chemical leasing
Chemical Leasing is a business model that intends to shift the focus from increasing sales volume of chemicals towards a value-added approach.
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Chemical plant
A chemical plant is an industrial process plant that manufactures (or otherwise processes) chemicals, usually on a large scale.
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Chemical process
In a scientific sense, a chemical process is a method or means of somehow changing one or more chemicals or chemical compounds.
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Chemical reaction
A chemical reaction is a process that leads to the transformation of one set of chemical substances to another.
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Chemical substance
A chemical substance, also known as a pure substance, is a form of matter that consists of molecules of the same composition and structure.
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China
China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a unitary one-party sovereign state in East Asia and the world's most populous country, with a population of around /1e9 round 3 billion.
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Chlorine
Chlorine is a chemical element with symbol Cl and atomic number 17.
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Commodity chemicals
Commodity chemicals (or bulk commodities or bulk chemicals) are a group of chemicals that are made on a very large scale to satisfy global markets.
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Company
A company, abbreviated as co., is a legal entity made up of an association of people for carrying on a commercial or industrial enterprise.
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Conglomerate (company)
A conglomerate is the combination of two or more corporations operating in entirely different industries under one corporate group, usually involving a parent company and many subsidiaries.
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Cosmetics
Cosmetics are substances or products used to enhance or alter the appearance of the face or fragrance and texture of the body.
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Coumarin
Coumarin (2H-chromen-2-one) is a fragrant organic chemical compound in the benzopyrone chemical class, although it may also be seen as a subclass of lactones.
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Covestro
Covestro is a Bayer spin off formed in the fall of 2015 and formerly Bayer MaterialScience, Bayer's $12.3 billion materials science division.
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Crystallization
Crystallization is the (natural or artificial) process by which a solid forms, where the atoms or molecules are highly organized into a structure known as a crystal.
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Delaware
Delaware is one of the 50 states of the United States, in the Mid-Atlantic or Northeastern region.
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Detergent
A detergent is a surfactant or a mixture of surfactants with cleaning properties in dilute solutions.
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Diammonium phosphate
Diammonium phosphate (DAP) (chemical formula (NH4)2HPO4, IUPAC name diammonium hydrogen phosphate) is one of a series of water-soluble ammonium phosphate salts that can be produced when ammonia reacts with phosphoric acid.
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Distillation
Distillation is the process of separating the components or substances from a liquid mixture by selective boiling and condensation.
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Dow Chemical Company
The Dow Chemical Company, commonly referred to as Dow, is an American multinational chemical corporation headquartered in Midland, Michigan, United States, and the predecessor of the merged company DowDuPont.
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Drying
Drying is a mass transfer process consisting of the removal of water or another solvent by evaporation from a solid, semi-solid or liquid.
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DuPont
E.
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Dye
A dye is a colored substance that has an affinity to the substrate to which it is being applied.
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Elastomer
An elastomer is a polymer with viscoelasticity (i. e., both viscosity and elasticity) and very weak intermolecular forces, and generally low Young's modulus and high failure strain compared with other materials.
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Ernest Solvay
Ernest Gaston Joseph Solvay (16 April 1838 – 26 May 1922) was a Belgian chemist, industrialist and philanthropist.
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Essen
Essen (Latin: Assindia) is a city in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany.
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Ethylene
Ethylene (IUPAC name: ethene) is a hydrocarbon which has the formula or H2C.
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Ethylene oxide
Ethylene oxide, called oxirane by IUPAC, is an organic compound with the formula. It is a cyclic ether and the simplest epoxide: a three-membered ring consisting of one oxygen atom and two carbon atoms. Ethylene oxide is a colorless and flammable gas with a faintly sweet odor. Because it is a strained ring, ethylene oxide easily participates in a number of addition reactions that result in ring-opening. Ethylene oxide is isomeric with acetaldehyde and with vinyl alcohol. Ethylene oxide is industrially produced by oxidation of ethylene in the presence of silver catalyst. The reactivity that is responsible for many of ethylene oxide's hazards also make it useful. Although too dangerous for direct household use and generally unfamiliar to consumers, ethylene oxide is used for making many consumer products as well as non-consumer chemicals and intermediates. These products include detergents, thickeners, solvents, plastics, and various organic chemicals such as ethylene glycol, ethanolamines, simple and complex glycols, polyglycol ethers, and other compounds. Although it is a vital raw material with diverse applications, including the manufacture of products like polysorbate 20 and polyethylene glycol (PEG) that are often more effective and less toxic than alternative materials, ethylene oxide itself is a very hazardous substance. At room temperature it is a flammable, carcinogenic, mutagenic, irritating, and anaesthetic gas. As a toxic gas that leaves no residue on items it contacts, ethylene oxide is a surface disinfectant that is widely used in hospitals and the medical equipment industry to replace steam in the sterilization of heat-sensitive tools and equipment, such as disposable plastic syringes. It is so flammable and extremely explosive that it is used as a main component of thermobaric weapons; therefore, it is commonly handled and shipped as a refrigerated liquid to control its hazardous nature.Rebsdat, Siegfried and Mayer, Dieter (2005) "Ethylene Oxide" in Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. Wiley-VCH, Weinheim..
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Evonik Industries
Evonik Industries AG is an industrial corporation headquartered in Essen, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany, the largest specialty chemicals company in the world, owned by RAG Foundation.
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Explosive material
An explosive material, also called an explosive, is a reactive substance that contains a great amount of potential energy that can produce an explosion if released suddenly, usually accompanied by the production of light, heat, sound, and pressure.
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ExxonMobil
Exxon Mobil Corporation, doing business as ExxonMobil, is an American multinational oil and gas corporation headquartered in Irving, Texas.
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Fertilizer
A fertilizer (American English) or fertiliser (British English; see spelling differences) is any material of natural or synthetic origin (other than liming materials) that is applied to soils or to plant tissues to supply one or more plant nutrients essential to the growth of plants.
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Fiber
Fiber or fibre (see spelling differences, from the Latin fibra) is a natural or synthetic substance that is significantly longer than it is wide.
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Filtration
Filtration is any of various mechanical, physical or biological operations that separate solids from fluids (liquids or gases) by adding a medium through which only the fluid can pass.
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Fine chemical
Fine chemicals are complex, single, pure chemical substances, produced in limited quantities in multipurpose plants by multistep batch chemical or biotechnological processes.
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Flavor
Flavor (American English) or flavour (British English; see spelling differences) is the sensory impression of food or other substance, and is determined primarily by the chemical senses of taste and smell.
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Fluoropolymer
A fluoropolymer is a fluorocarbon-based polymer with multiple carbon–fluorine bonds.
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Food additive
Food additives are substances added to food to preserve flavor or enhance its taste, appearance, or other qualities.
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Food processing
Food processing is the transformation of cooked ingredients, by physical or chemical means into food, or of food into other forms.
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Formosa Plastics Corp
Formosa Plastics Corporation is a Taiwanese plastics company based in Taiwan (formerly called "Formosa") that primarily produces polyvinyl chloride (PVC) resins and other intermediate plastic products.
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Fractional distillation
Fractional distillation is the separation of a mixture into its component parts, or fractions.
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France
France, officially the French Republic (République française), is a sovereign state whose territory consists of metropolitan France in Western Europe, as well as several overseas regions and territories.
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French Academy of Sciences
The French Academy of Sciences (French: Académie des sciences) is a learned society, founded in 1666 by Louis XIV at the suggestion of Jean-Baptiste Colbert, to encourage and protect the spirit of French scientific research.
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French livre
The livre (pound) was the currency of Kingdom of France and its predecessor state of West Francia from 781 to 1794.
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French Revolution
The French Revolution (Révolution française) was a period of far-reaching social and political upheaval in France and its colonies that lasted from 1789 until 1799.
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Fungicide
Fungicides are biocidal chemical compounds or biological organisms used to kill parasitic fungi or their spores.
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Germany
Germany (Deutschland), officially the Federal Republic of Germany (Bundesrepublik Deutschland), is a sovereign state in central-western Europe.
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Glasgow
Glasgow (Glesga; Glaschu) is the largest city in Scotland, and third most populous in the United Kingdom.
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Glasgow St Rollox (UK Parliament constituency)
Glasgow St.
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Glass
Glass is a non-crystalline amorphous solid that is often transparent and has widespread practical, technological, and decorative usage in, for example, window panes, tableware, and optoelectronics.
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Glycerol
Glycerol (also called glycerine or glycerin; see spelling differences) is a simple polyol compound.
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Gulf Coast of the United States
The Gulf Coast of the United States is the coastline along which the Southern United States meets the Gulf of Mexico.
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Herbert Henry Dow
Herbert Henry Dow (February 26, 1866 – October 15, 1930) was a Canadian-born American chemical industrialist, best known as the founder of the American multinational conglomerate Dow Chemical.
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Herbicide
Herbicides, also commonly known as weedkillers, are chemical substances used to control unwanted plants.
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Hoechst AG
Hoechst AG was a German chemicals then life-sciences company that became Aventis Deutschland after its merger with France's Rhône-Poulenc S.A. in 1999.
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Houston
Houston is the most populous city in the U.S. state of Texas and the fourth most populous city in the United States, with a census-estimated 2017 population of 2.312 million within a land area of.
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Hydrogen peroxide
Hydrogen peroxide is a chemical compound with the formula.
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IG Farben
IG Farben was a German chemical and pharmaceutical industry conglomerate.
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Imperial Chemical Industries
Imperial Chemical Industries (ICI) was a British chemical company and was, for much of its history, the largest manufacturer in Britain.
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India
India (IAST), also called the Republic of India (IAST), is a country in South Asia.
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Industrial gas
Industrial gases are gaseous materials that are manufactured for use in Industry.
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Industrial Revolution
The Industrial Revolution was the transition to new manufacturing processes in the period from about 1760 to sometime between 1820 and 1840.
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Ineos
INEOS is a privately owned multinational chemicals company headquartered in London, UK, and with registered offices in Lyndhurst, Hampshire, UK and London, United Kingdom.
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Ingredients of cosmetics
Cosmetics ingredients come from a variety of sources but, unlike the ingredients of food, are often not considered by most consumers.
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Ink
Ink is a liquid or paste that contains pigments or dyes and is used to color a surface to produce an image, text, or design.
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Inorganic chemistry
Inorganic chemistry deals with the synthesis and behavior of inorganic and organometallic compounds.
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Inorganic compound
An inorganic compound is typically a chemical compound that lacks C-H bonds, that is, a compound that is not an organic compound, but the distinction is not defined or even of particular interest.
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Insecticide
Insecticides are substances used to kill insects.
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Irving, Texas
Irving is a principal city in Dallas County in the U.S. state of Texas and it is also an inner ring suburb of the city of Dallas.
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James Muspratt
James Muspratt (12 August 1793 – 4 May 1886) was a British chemical manufacturer who was the first to make alkali by the Leblanc process on a large scale in the United Kingdom.
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James Young (chemist)
James Young (13 July 1811 – 13 May 1883) was a Scottish chemist best known for his method of distilling paraffin from coal and oil shales.
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Japan
Japan (日本; Nippon or Nihon; formally 日本国 or Nihon-koku, lit. "State of Japan") is a sovereign island country in East Asia.
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John Bennet Lawes
Sir John Bennet Lawes, 1st Baronet, FRS (28 December 1814 – 31 August 1900) was an English entrepreneur and agricultural scientist.
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John Roebuck
John Roebuck of Kinneil FRS FRSE (1718 – 17 July 1794) was an English inventor and industrialist who played an important role in the Industrial Revolution and who is known for developing the industrial-scale manufacture of sulphuric acid.
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Jord International
Jord International is an Australian owned company that designs, manufactures, commissions, and services custom-engineered process equipment, modular skids, and turnkey plants for the oil & gas, chemical, power, food, industrial and mining sectors.
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Joshua Ward
Joshua Ward (1685–1761) was an English doctor, most remembered for the invention of Friar's Balsam.
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Kaohsiung
Kaohsiung City (Hokkien POJ: Ko-hiông; Hakka: Kô-hiùng; old names: Takao, Takow, Takau) is a special municipality located in southern-western Taiwan and facing the Taiwan Strait.
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Laboratory
A laboratory (informally, lab) is a facility that provides controlled conditions in which scientific or technological research, experiments, and measurement may be performed.
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Lancashire
Lancashire (abbreviated Lancs.) is a county in north west England.
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Lard
Lard is pig fat in both its rendered and unrendered forms.
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Leblanc process
The Leblanc process was an early industrial process for the production of soda ash (sodium carbonate) used throughout the 19th century, named after its inventor, Nicolas Leblanc.
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Lever Brothers
Lever Brothers was a British manufacturing company founded in 1885 by brothers William Hesketh Lever (1851–1925) and James Darcy Lever (1854–1916).
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Leverkusen
Leverkusen is a city in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany on the eastern bank of the Rhine.
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LG Chem
LG Chem Ltd. (Korean: LG화학), often referred to as LG Chemical, is the largest Korean chemical company and is headquartered in Seoul, South Korea.
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Lime (material)
Lime is a calcium-containing inorganic mineral in which oxides, and hydroxides predominate.
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Liquefied petroleum gas
Liquefied petroleum gas or liquid petroleum gas (LPG or LP gas), also referred to as simply propane or butane, are flammable mixtures of hydrocarbon gases used as fuel in heating appliances, cooking equipment, and vehicles.
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Liverpool
Liverpool is a city in North West England, with an estimated population of 491,500 in 2017.
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London
London is the capital and most populous city of England and the United Kingdom.
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Losh, Wilson and Bell
Losh, Wilson and Bell, later Bells, Goodman, then Bells, Lightfoot and finally Bell Brothers, was a leading Northeast England manufacturing company, founded in 1809 by the partners William Losh, Thomas Wilson, and Thomas Bell.
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Louisiana
Louisiana is a state in the southeastern region of the United States.
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Ludwig Mond
Ludwig Mond (7 March 1839 – 11 December 1909) was a German-born chemist and industrialist who took British nationality.
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Ludwigshafen
Ludwigshafen am Rhein is a city in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany, on the Rhine opposite Mannheim.
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Lye
A lye is a metal hydroxide traditionally obtained by leaching ashes (containing largely potassium carbonate or "potash"), or a strong alkali which is highly soluble in water producing caustic basic solutions.
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LyondellBasell
LyondellBasell Industries N.V. is a public multinational chemical company with American and European roots, incorporated in the Netherlands, with U.S. operations headquarters in Houston, Texas, and global operations in London, UK.
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Manufacturing
Manufacturing is the production of merchandise for use or sale using labour and machines, tools, chemical and biological processing, or formulation.
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Medication
A medication (also referred to as medicine, pharmaceutical drug, or simply drug) is a drug used to diagnose, cure, treat, or prevent disease.
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Metal
A metal (from Greek μέταλλον métallon, "mine, quarry, metal") is a material (an element, compound, or alloy) that is typically hard when in solid state, opaque, shiny, and has good electrical and thermal conductivity.
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Metallurgy
Metallurgy is a domain of materials science and engineering that studies the physical and chemical behavior of metallic elements, their inter-metallic compounds, and their mixtures, which are called alloys.
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Methanol
Methanol, also known as methyl alcohol among others, is a chemical with the formula CH3OH (a methyl group linked to a hydroxyl group, often abbreviated MeOH).
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Midland, Michigan
Midland is a city in the U.S. state of Michigan in the Tri-Cities region of Central Michigan.
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Mineral
A mineral is a naturally occurring chemical compound, usually of crystalline form and not produced by life processes.
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Mitsubishi Chemical Holdings
(), is a Japanese company formed in October 2005 from the merger of Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation and Mitsubishi Pharma Corporation.
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Monocalcium phosphate
Monocalcium phosphate is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula Ca(H2PO4)2 ("ACMP" or "CMP-A" for anhydrous monocalcium phosphate).
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Mumbai
Mumbai (also known as Bombay, the official name until 1995) is the capital city of the Indian state of Maharashtra.
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Munich
Munich (München; Minga) is the capital and the most populated city in the German state of Bavaria, on the banks of the River Isar north of the Bavarian Alps.
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Nancy, France
Nancy (Nanzig) is the capital of the north-eastern French department of Meurthe-et-Moselle, and formerly the capital of the Duchy of Lorraine, and then the French province of the same name.
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Natural gas
Natural gas is a naturally occurring hydrocarbon gas mixture consisting primarily of methane, but commonly including varying amounts of other higher alkanes, and sometimes a small percentage of carbon dioxide, nitrogen, hydrogen sulfide, or helium.
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Neoprene
Neoprene (also polychloroprene or pc-rubber) is a family of synthetic rubbers that are produced by polymerization of chloroprene.
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Netherlands
The Netherlands (Nederland), often referred to as Holland, is a country located mostly in Western Europe with a population of seventeen million.
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Nicolas Leblanc
Nicolas Leblanc (6 December 1742 – 16 January 1806) was a French chemist and surgeon who discovered how to manufacture soda ash from common salt.
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Nitric acid
Nitric acid (HNO3), also known as aqua fortis (Latin for "strong water") and spirit of niter, is a highly corrosive mineral acid.
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Nitrocellulose
Nitrocellulose (also known as cellulose nitrate, flash paper, flash cotton, guncotton, and flash string) is a highly flammable compound formed by nitrating cellulose through exposure to nitric acid or another powerful nitrating agent.
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Nitrogen
Nitrogen is a chemical element with symbol N and atomic number 7.
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Nitroglycerin
Nitroglycerin (NG), also known as nitroglycerine, trinitroglycerin (TNG), trinitroglycerine, nitro, glyceryl trinitrate (GTN), or 1,2,3-trinitroxypropane, is a heavy, colorless, oily, explosive liquid most commonly produced by nitrating glycerol with white fuming nitric acid under conditions appropriate to the formation of the nitric acid ester.
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Nitrous oxide
Nitrous oxide, commonly known as laughing gas or nitrous, is a chemical compound, an oxide of nitrogen with the formula.
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North East England
North East England is one of nine official regions of England at the first level of NUTS for statistical purposes.
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North East of England Process Industry Cluster
The North East of England Process Industry Cluster (NEPIC) is an economic cluster created following the industrial cluster ideas and strategy of Michael Porter.
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Norway
Norway (Norwegian: (Bokmål) or (Nynorsk); Norga), officially the Kingdom of Norway, is a unitary sovereign state whose territory comprises the western portion of the Scandinavian Peninsula plus the remote island of Jan Mayen and the archipelago of Svalbard.
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Nylon
Nylon is a generic designation for a family of synthetic polymers, based on aliphatic or semi-aromatic polyamides.
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Oil
An oil is any nonpolar chemical substance that is a viscous liquid at ambient temperatures and is both hydrophobic (does not mix with water, literally "water fearing") and lipophilic (mixes with other oils, literally "fat loving").
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Oleochemical
Oleochemicals (from Latin: oleum “olive oil”) are chemicals derived from plant and animal fats.
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Organic chemistry
Organic chemistry is a chemistry subdiscipline involving the scientific study of the structure, properties, and reactions of organic compounds and organic materials, i.e., matter in its various forms that contain carbon atoms.
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Oslo
Oslo (rarely) is the capital and most populous city of Norway.
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Oxygen
Oxygen is a chemical element with symbol O and atomic number 8.
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Packaging and labeling
Packaging is the science, art and technology of enclosing or protecting products for distribution, storage, sale, and use.
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Paint
Paint is any liquid, liquefiable, or mastic composition that, after application to a substrate in a thin layer, converts to a solid film.
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Paper
Paper is a thin material produced by pressing together moist fibres of cellulose pulp derived from wood, rags or grasses, and drying them into flexible sheets.
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Paper chemicals
Paper chemicals designate a group of chemicals that modify the properties of paper.
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Paris
Paris is the capital and most populous city of France, with an area of and a population of 2,206,488.
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Pennsylvania
Pennsylvania (Pennsylvania German: Pennsylvaani or Pennsilfaani), officially the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, is a state located in the northeastern and Mid-Atlantic regions of the United States.
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Pesticide
Pesticides are substances that are meant to control pests, including weeds.
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Petrochemical
Petrochemicals (also known as petroleum distillates) are chemical products derived from petroleum.
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Petroleum
Petroleum is a naturally occurring, yellow-to-black liquid found in geological formations beneath the Earth's surface.
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Pharmaceutical industry
The pharmaceutical industry (or medicine industry) is the commercial industry that discovers, develops, produces, and markets drugs or pharmaceutical drugs for use as different types of medicine and medications.
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Phenol
Phenol, also known as phenolic acid, is an aromatic organic compound with the molecular formula C6H5OH.
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Phosphate
A phosphate is chemical derivative of phosphoric acid.
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Phosphoric acid
Phosphoric acid (also known as orthophosphoric acid or phosphoric(V) acid) is a mineral (inorganic) and weak acid having the chemical formula H3PO4.
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Pigment
A pigment is a material that changes the color of reflected or transmitted light as the result of wavelength-selective absorption.
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Pittsburgh
Pittsburgh is a city in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania in the United States, and is the county seat of Allegheny County.
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Plastic
Plastic is material consisting of any of a wide range of synthetic or semi-synthetic organic compounds that are malleable and so can be molded into solid objects.
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Plastics industry
The plastics industry manufactures polymer materials — commonly called plastics — and offers services in plastics important to a range of industries, including packaging, building and construction, electronics, aerospace, and transportation.
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Polycarbonate
Polycarbonates (PC) are a group of thermoplastic polymers containing carbonate groups in their chemical structures.
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Polyester
Polyester is a category of polymers that contain the ester functional group in their main chain.
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Polyethylene
Polyethylene or polythene (abbreviated PE; IUPAC name polyethene or poly(ethylene)) is the most common plastic.
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Polyethylene terephthalate
Polyethylene terephthalate (sometimes written poly(ethylene terephthalate)), commonly abbreviated PET, PETE, or the obsolete PETP or PET-P, is the most common thermoplastic polymer resin of the polyester family and is used in fibres for clothing, containers for liquids and foods, thermoforming for manufacturing, and in combination with glass fibre for engineering resins.
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Polyisoprene
Polyisoprene is a collective name for polymers that are produced by polymerization of isoprene.
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Polymer
A polymer (Greek poly-, "many" + -mer, "part") is a large molecule, or macromolecule, composed of many repeated subunits.
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Polypropylene
Polypropylene (PP), also known as polypropene, is a thermoplastic polymer used in a wide variety of applications.
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Polystyrene
Polystyrene (PS) is a synthetic aromatic hydrocarbon polymer made from the monomer styrene.
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Polyurethane
Polyurethane (PUR and PU) is a polymer composed of organic units joined by carbamate (urethane) links.
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Polyvinyl chloride
Polyvinyl chloride, also known as polyvinyl or '''vinyl''', commonly abbreviated PVC, is the world's third-most widely produced synthetic plastic polymer, after polyethylene and polypropylene.
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Port
A port is a maritime commercial facility which may comprise one or more wharves where ships may dock to load and discharge passengers and cargo.
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Portland cement
Portland cement is the most common type of cement in general use around the world as a basic ingredient of concrete, mortar, stucco, and non-specialty grout.
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Potash
Potash is some of various mined and manufactured salts that contain potassium in water-soluble form.
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Power station
A power station, also referred to as a power plant or powerhouse and sometimes generating station or generating plant, is an industrial facility for the generation of electric power.
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PPG Industries
PPG Industries, Inc. is an American Fortune 500 company and global supplier of paints, coatings, and specialty materials.
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Precipitation (chemistry)
Precipitation is the creation of a solid from a solution.
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Prestonpans
Prestonpans is a small fishing town situated to the east of Edinburgh, Scotland, in the unitary council area of East Lothian.
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Prices of elements and their compounds
This table lists the elements by their name and gives some historical prices for them and their commonly traded compounds.
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Products Finishing
Products Finishing (ISSN 0032-9940) is a monthly American trade magazine and web site focused on reporting on the use of organic and inorganic finishings and the technologies used to deliver them.
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Propene
Propene, also known as propylene or methyl ethylene, is an unsaturated organic compound having the chemical formula C3H6.
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PTT Global Chemical
PTT Global Chemical Public Company Limited (GC) is a subsidiary of PTT Public Company Limited.
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Quality control
Quality control, or QC for short, is a process by which entities review the quality of all factors involved in production.
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Raw material
A raw material, also known as a feedstock or most correctly unprocessed material, is a basic material that is used to produce goods, finished products, energy, or intermediate materials which are feedstock for future finished products.
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Refining
Refining (also perhaps called by the mathematical term affining) is the process of purification of a (1) substance or a (2) form.
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Reliance Industries
Reliance Industries Limited (RIL) is an Indian conglomerate holding company headquartered in Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.
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Research and development
Research and development (R&D, R+D, or R'n'D), also known in Europe as research and technological development (RTD), refers to innovative activities undertaken by corporations or governments in developing new services or products, or improving existing services or products.
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Resin
In polymer chemistry and materials science, resin is a "solid or highly viscous substance" of plant or synthetic origin that is typically convertible into polymers.
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Responsible Care
Started in Canada in 1985, Responsible Care® is a global, voluntary initiative developed autonomously by the chemical industry for the chemical industry.
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Rhône-Poulenc
Rhône-Poulenc was a French chemical and pharmaceutical company founded in 1928.
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River Tyne
The River Tyne is a river in North East England and its length (excluding tributaries) is.
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Riyadh
Riyadh (/rɨˈjɑːd/; الرياض ar-Riyāḍ Najdi pronunciation) is the capital and most populous city of Saudi Arabia.
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Rothamsted Research
Rothamsted Research, previously known as the Rothamsted Experimental Station and then the Institute of Arable Crops Research, is one of the oldest agricultural research institutions in the world, having been founded in 1843.
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Rotterdam
Rotterdam is a city in the Netherlands, in South Holland within the Rhine–Meuse–Scheldt river delta at the North Sea.
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SABIC
SABIC (Saudi Arabia Basic Industries Corporation) is a Saudi diversified manufacturing company, active in chemicals and intermediates, industrial polymers, fertilizers, and metals.
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Saint-Denis, Seine-Saint-Denis
Saint-Denis is a commune in the northern suburbs of Paris, France.
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Salt
Salt, table salt or common salt is a mineral composed primarily of sodium chloride (NaCl), a chemical compound belonging to the larger class of salts; salt in its natural form as a crystalline mineral is known as rock salt or halite.
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Samuel Garbett
Samuel Garbett (1717– 5 December 1803R. H. Campbell, ‘Garbett, Samuel (1717–1803)’, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004) was a prominent citizen of Birmingham England, during the industrial revolution, and a friend of Matthew Boulton.
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Saudi Arabia
Saudi Arabia, officially the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA), is a sovereign Arab state in Western Asia constituting the bulk of the Arabian Peninsula.
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São Paulo
São Paulo is a municipality in the southeast region of Brazil.
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Sealant
Sealant is a substance used to block the passage of fluids through the surface or joints or openings in materials, a type of mechanical seal.
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Seoul
Seoul (like soul; 서울), officially the Seoul Special Metropolitan City – is the capital, Constitutional Court of Korea and largest metropolis of South Korea.
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Silicon dioxide
Silicon dioxide, also known as silica (from the Latin silex), is an oxide of silicon with the chemical formula, most commonly found in nature as quartz and in various living organisms.
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Sinopec
China Petroleum & Chemical Corporation (中国石油化工股份有限公司), or Sinopec, is a Chinese oil and gas enterprise based in Beijing, China. It is listed in Hong Kong and also trades in Shanghai and New York. Sinopec Limited's parent, Sinopec Group, is the world's largest oil refining, gas and petrochemical conglomerate, headquartered in Chaoyang District, Beijing. Sinopec's business includes oil and gas exploration, refining, and marketing; production and sales of petrochemicals, chemical fibers, chemical fertilizers, and other chemical products; storage and pipeline transportation of crude oil and natural gas; import, export and import/export agency business of crude oil, natural gas, refined oil products, petrochemicals, and other chemicals.
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Sir John Brunner, 1st Baronet
Sir John Tomlinson Brunner, 1st Baronet, (8 February 1842 – 1 July 1919) was a British chemical industrialist and Liberal Party politician.
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Soap
Soap is the term for a salt of a fatty acid or for a variety of cleansing and lubricating products produced from such a substance.
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Sodium carbonate
Sodium carbonate, Na2CO3, (also known as washing soda, soda ash and soda crystals, and in the monohydrate form as crystal carbonate) is the water-soluble sodium salt of carbonic acid.
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Sodium chloride
Sodium chloride, also known as salt, is an ionic compound with the chemical formula NaCl, representing a 1:1 ratio of sodium and chloride ions.
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Sodium hydroxide
Sodium hydroxide, also known as lye, is an inorganic compound with the formula NaOH. It is a white solid ionic compound consisting of sodium cations and hydroxide anions. Sodium hydroxide is a highly caustic base and alkali that decomposes proteins at ordinary ambient temperatures and may cause severe chemical burns. It is highly soluble in water, and readily absorbs moisture and carbon dioxide from the air. It forms a series of hydrates NaOH·n. The monohydrate NaOH· crystallizes from water solutions between 12.3 and 61.8 °C. The commercially available "sodium hydroxide" is often this monohydrate, and published data may refer to it instead of the anhydrous compound. As one of the simplest hydroxides, it is frequently utilized alongside neutral water and acidic hydrochloric acid to demonstrate the pH scale to chemistry students. Sodium hydroxide is used in many industries: in the manufacture of pulp and paper, textiles, drinking water, soaps and detergents, and as a drain cleaner. Worldwide production in 2004 was approximately 60 million tonnes, while demand was 51 million tonnes.
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Solvay process
The Solvay process or ammonia-soda process is the major industrial process for the production of sodium carbonate (soda ash, Na2CO3).
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Solvay S.A.
Solvay S.A. is a Belgian chemical company founded in 1863, with its head office in Neder-Over-Heembeek, Brussels, Belgium.
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Solvent
A solvent (from the Latin solvō, "loosen, untie, solve") is a substance that dissolves a solute (a chemically distinct liquid, solid or gas), resulting in a solution.
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Soured milk
Soured milk denotes a range of food products produced by the acidification of milk.
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South Korea
South Korea, officially the Republic of Korea (대한민국; Hanja: 大韓民國; Daehan Minguk,; lit. "The Great Country of the Han People"), is a country in East Asia, constituting the southern part of the Korean Peninsula and lying east to the Asian mainland.
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Soybean oil
Soybean oil is a vegetable oil extracted from the seeds of the soybean (Glycine max).
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Speciality chemicals
Speciality chemicals (also called specialties or effect chemicals) are particular chemical products which provide a wide variety of effects on which many other industry sectors rely.
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Specification (technical standard)
A specification often refers to a set of documented requirements to be satisfied by a material, design, product, or service.
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Stearic acid
Stearic acid is a saturated fatty acid with an 18-carbon chain and has the IUPAC name octadecanoic acid.
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Styrene
Styrene, also known as ethenylbenzene, vinylbenzene, and phenylethene, is an organic compound with the chemical formula C6H5CH.
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Sublimation (phase transition)
Sublimation is the transition of a substance directly from the solid to the gas phase, without passing through the intermediate liquid phase.
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Sulfuric acid
Sulfuric acid (alternative spelling sulphuric acid) is a mineral acid with molecular formula H2SO4.
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Sumitomo Chemical
is a major Japanese chemical company.
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Sunlight
Sunlight is a portion of the electromagnetic radiation given off by the Sun, in particular infrared, visible, and ultraviolet light.
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Surfactant
Surfactants are compounds that lower the surface tension (or interfacial tension) between two liquids, between a gas and a liquid, or between a liquid and a solid.
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Synthetic fiber
Synthetic fibers (British English: synthetic fibres) are fibers made by humans with chemical synthesis, as opposed to natural fibers that humans get from living organisms with little or no chemical changes.
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Synthetic rubber
A synthetic rubber is any artificial elastomer.
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Taiwan
Taiwan, officially the Republic of China (ROC), is a state in East Asia.
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Tariff
A tariff is a tax on imports or exports between sovereign states.
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Tata Chemicals Europe
Tata Chemicals Europe (formerly Brunner Mond (UK) Limited) is a UK-based chemicals company that is a subsidiary of Tata Chemicals Limited, itself a part of the India-based Tata Group.
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Teesside
Teesside is the conurbation in the north east of England around the urban centre of Middlesbrough that is primarily made up of the towns Billingham, Redcar, Stockton-on-Tees, Thornaby and surrounding settlements near the River Tees.
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Texas
Texas (Texas or Tejas) is the second largest state in the United States by both area and population.
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Textile
A textile is a flexible material consisting of a network of natural or artificial fibres (yarn or thread).
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Thailand
Thailand, officially the Kingdom of Thailand and formerly known as Siam, is a unitary state at the center of the Southeast Asian Indochinese peninsula composed of 76 provinces.
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The Linde Group
The Linde Group, registered as Linde AG, is a German multinational chemical company founded in 1879.
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Thomas Hancock (inventor)
Thomas Hancock (8 May 1786 – 26 March 1865), elder brother of inventor Walter Hancock, was an English self-taught manufacturing engineer who founded the British rubber industry.
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Titanium dioxide
Titanium dioxide, also known as titanium(IV) oxide or titania, is the naturally occurring oxide of titanium, chemical formula.
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Tokyo
, officially, is one of the 47 prefectures of Japan and has been the capital since 1869.
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Toluene
Toluene, also known as toluol, is an aromatic hydrocarbon.
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Toray Industries
is a multinational corporation headquartered in Japan that specializes in industrial products centered on technologies in organic synthetic chemistry, polymer chemistry, and biochemistry.
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Turpentine
Chemical structure of pinene, a major component of turpentine Turpentine (also called spirit of turpentine, oil of turpentine, wood turpentine and colloquially turps) is a fluid obtained by the distillation of resin obtained from live trees, mainly pines.
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United Kingdom
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom (UK) or Britain,Usage is mixed with some organisations, including the and preferring to use Britain as shorthand for Great Britain is a sovereign country in western Europe.
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United States
The United States of America (USA), commonly known as the United States (U.S.) or America, is a federal republic composed of 50 states, a federal district, five major self-governing territories, and various possessions.
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United States dollar
The United States dollar (sign: $; code: USD; also abbreviated US$ and referred to as the dollar, U.S. dollar, or American dollar) is the official currency of the United States and its insular territories per the United States Constitution since 1792.
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Urea
Urea, also known as carbamide, is an organic compound with chemical formula CO(NH2)2.
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Urine
Urine is a liquid by-product of metabolism in humans and in many animals.
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Vanillin
Vanillin is a phenolic aldehyde, which is an organic compound with the molecular formula C8H8O3.
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Vegetable oil
Vegetable oils, or vegetable fats, are fats extracted from seeds, or less often, from other parts of fruits.
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Veterinary medicine
Veterinary medicine is the branch of medicine that deals with the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of disease, disorder and injury in non-human animals.
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Vinyl chloride
Vinyl chloride is an organochloride with the formula H2C.
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Vitamin
A vitamin is an organic molecule (or related set of molecules) which is an essential micronutrient - that is, a substance which an organism needs in small quantities for the proper functioning of its metabolism - but cannot synthesize it (either at all, or in sufficient quantities), and therefore it must be obtained through the diet.
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Vulcanization
Vulcanization or vulcanisation is a chemical process for converting natural rubber or related polymers into more durable materials by heating them with sulfur or other equivalent curatives or accelerators.
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Water
Water is a transparent, tasteless, odorless, and nearly colorless chemical substance that is the main constituent of Earth's streams, lakes, and oceans, and the fluids of most living organisms.
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Water treatment
Water treatment is any process that improves the quality of water to make it more acceptable for a specific end-use.
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Western Europe
Western Europe is the region comprising the western part of Europe.
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William Henry Perkin
Sir William Henry Perkin, FRS (12 March 1838 – 14 July 1907) was a British chemist and entrepreneur best known for his serendipitous discovery of the first synthetic organic dye, mauveine, made from aniline.
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William Lever, 1st Viscount Leverhulme
William Hesketh Lever, 1st Viscount Leverhulme (19 September 1851 – 7 May 1925) was an English industrialist, philanthropist, and politician.
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William Losh
William Losh (Carlisle 1770 – 4 August 1861, Ellison Place, Newcastle) was a chemist and industrialist who is credited with introducing the Leblanc process for the manufacture of alkali to the United Kingdom.
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Wilmington, Delaware
Wilmington (Lenape: Paxahakink, Pakehakink) is the most populous city in the U.S. state of Delaware.
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Winnington
right| Winnington is a small, mainly residential area of the town of Northwich in Cheshire, England.
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Wood
Wood is a porous and fibrous structural tissue found in the stems and roots of trees and other woody plants.
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World economy
The world economy or global economy is the economy of the world, considered as the international exchange of goods and services that is expressed in monetary units of account (money).
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Xylene
Xylene (from Greek ξύλο, xylo, "wood"), xylol or dimethylbenzene is any one of three isomers of dimethylbenzene, or a combination thereof.
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Yara International
Yara International ASA is a Norwegian chemical company.
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1,3-Butadiene
1,3-Butadiene is the organic compound with the formula (CH2.
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18th century
The 18th century lasted from January 1, 1701 to December 31, 1800 in the Gregorian calendar.
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19th century
The 19th century was a century that began on January 1, 1801, and ended on December 31, 1900.
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Chemical Industry, Chemical companies, Chemical company, Chemical corporation, Chemical manufacture, Chemical manufacturing, Chemical process industries, Chemical process industry, Chemical supply company, Chemicals company, Chemicals industry, History of the chemical industry, Industrial Chemistry, Industrial chemical, Industrial chemicals, Industrial chemist, Industrial chemistry, Specialty chemical industry.
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_industry
