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80 relations: Adenosine triphosphate, Advanced sleep phase disorder, Akhilesh Reddy, Archaea, ARNTL, Bacterial circadian rhythm, Basic helix-loop-helix, Casein kinase, Cell cycle, Circadian Clock Associated 1, Circadian rhythm, Circulatory system, CLOCK, Cortisol, Cryptochrome, CSNK1D, CSNK1E, Cyanobacteria, Cyclosa, Day, Drosophila melanogaster, ELF4, Endogeny (biology), Entrainment (chronobiology), Eukaryote, FBXL3, Feedback, Fungus, Gene knockdown, Genomics, Hedgehog signaling pathway, Histone acetylation and deacetylation, Histone acetyltransferase, Histone deacetylase, Hypothalamus, Insulin, Intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells, Jeffrey C. Hall, KaiA, KaiB, KaiC, Latrodectus, Melatonin, Methylation, Michael Rosbash, Michael W. Young, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, Optic chiasm, Oscillation, ..., PER1, PER2, PER3, Period (gene), Periodic function, Peroxiredoxin, Phase (waves), Phosphorylation, Pineal gland, Protein dimer, Real-time polymerase chain reaction, Retinohypothalamic tract, Rev-ErbA, Rev-ErbA alpha, Rev-ErbA beta, Ronald J. Konopka, Seymour Benzer, Small interfering RNA, Solar time, SUMO protein, Suprachiasmatic nucleus, Systems biology, Thermoregulation, TOC1 (gene), Transcription (biology), Translation (biology), Ubiquitin, University of Cambridge, Vasoactive intestinal peptide, Vertebrate. Expand index (30 more) »
Adenosine triphosphate
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is a complex organic chemical that participates in many processes.
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Advanced sleep phase disorder
Advanced sleep phase disorder (ASPD), also known as the advanced sleep-phase type (ASPT) of circadian rhythm sleep disorder or advanced sleep phase syndrome (ASPS), is a condition in which patients feel very sleepy and go to bed early in the evening (e.g. 6:00–8:00 p.m.) and wake up very early in the morning (e.g. around 3:00 a.m.).
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Akhilesh Reddy
Akhilesh Reddy is a British physician-scientist at the Francis Crick Institute in London.
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Archaea
Archaea (or or) constitute a domain of single-celled microorganisms.
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ARNTL
Aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator-like protein 1 is protein that in humans is encoded by the ARNTL gene, also known as BMAL1, MOP3, and, less commonly, BHLHE5, BMAL, BMAL1C, JAP3, PASD3, and TIC.
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Bacterial circadian rhythm
Bacterial circadian rhythms, like other circadian rhythms, are endogenous "biological clocks" that have the following three characteristics: (a) in constant conditions (i.e. constant temperature and either constant light or constant darkness) they oscillate with a period that is close to, but not exactly, 24 hours in duration, (b) this "free-running" rhythm is temperature compensated, and (c) the rhythm will entrain to an appropriate environmental cycle.
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Basic helix-loop-helix
A basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) is a protein structural motif that characterizes one of the largest families of dimerizing transcription factors.
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Casein kinase
Casein kinase is a kinase enzyme.
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Cell cycle
The cell cycle or cell-division cycle is the series of events that take place in a cell leading to its division and duplication of its DNA (DNA replication) to produce two daughter cells.
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Circadian Clock Associated 1
Circadian Clock Associated 1 (CCA1) is a gene that is central to the circadian oscillator of angiosperms.
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Circadian rhythm
A circadian rhythm is any biological process that displays an endogenous, entrainable oscillation of about 24 hours.
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Circulatory system
The circulatory system, also called the cardiovascular system or the vascular system, is an organ system that permits blood to circulate and transport nutrients (such as amino acids and electrolytes), oxygen, carbon dioxide, hormones, and blood cells to and from the cells in the body to provide nourishment and help in fighting diseases, stabilize temperature and pH, and maintain homeostasis.
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CLOCK
Clock (Circadian Locomotor Output Cycles Kaput) is a gene encoding a basic helix-loop-helix-PAS transcription factor (CLOCK) that is believed to affect both the persistence and period of circadian rhythms.
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Cortisol
Cortisol is a steroid hormone, in the glucocorticoid class of hormones.
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Cryptochrome
Cryptochromes (from the Greek κρυπτός χρώμα, "hidden colour") are a class of flavoproteins that are sensitive to blue light.
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CSNK1D
The CSNK1D gene encodes the casein kinase I isoform delta enzyme in humans.
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CSNK1E
Casein kinase I isoform epsilon is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the CSNK1E gene.
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Cyanobacteria
Cyanobacteria, also known as Cyanophyta, are a phylum of bacteria that obtain their energy through photosynthesis, and are the only photosynthetic prokaryotes able to produce oxygen.
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Cyclosa
Cyclosa is a spider genus in the family Araneidae.
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Day
A day, a unit of time, is approximately the period of time during which the Earth completes one rotation with respect to the Sun (solar day).
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Drosophila melanogaster
Drosophila melanogaster is a species of fly (the taxonomic order Diptera) in the family Drosophilidae.
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ELF4
ETS-related transcription factor Elf-4 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ELF4 gene.
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Endogeny (biology)
Endogenous substances and processes are those that originate from within an organism, tissue, or cell.
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Entrainment (chronobiology)
Entrainment, within the study of chronobiology, occurs when rhythmic physiological or behavioral events match their period to that of an environmental oscillation.
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Eukaryote
Eukaryotes are organisms whose cells have a nucleus enclosed within membranes, unlike Prokaryotes (Bacteria and other Archaea).
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FBXL3
FBXL3 is a gene in humans and mice that encodes the F-box/LRR-repeat protein 3 (FBXL3).
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Feedback
Feedback occurs when outputs of a system are routed back as inputs as part of a chain of cause-and-effect that forms a circuit or loop.
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Fungus
A fungus (plural: fungi or funguses) is any member of the group of eukaryotic organisms that includes microorganisms such as yeasts and molds, as well as the more familiar mushrooms.
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Gene knockdown
Gene knockdown is an experimental technique by which the expression of one or more of an organism's genes are reduced.
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Genomics
Genomics is an interdisciplinary field of science focusing on the structure, function, evolution, mapping, and editing of genomes.
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Hedgehog signaling pathway
The Hedgehog signaling pathway is a signaling pathway that transmits information to embryonic cells required for proper cell differentiation.
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Histone acetylation and deacetylation
Histone acetylation and deacetylation are the processes by which the lysine residues within the N-terminal tail protruding from the histone core of the nucleosome are acetylated and deacetylated as part of gene regulation.
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Histone acetyltransferase
Histone acetyltransferases (HATs) are enzymes that acetylate conserved lysine amino acids on histone proteins by transferring an acetyl group from acetyl-CoA to form ε-N-acetyllysine.
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Histone deacetylase
Histone deacetylases (HDAC) are a class of enzymes that remove acetyl groups (O.
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Hypothalamus
The hypothalamus(from Greek ὑπό, "under" and θάλαμος, thalamus) is a portion of the brain that contains a number of small nuclei with a variety of functions.
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Insulin
Insulin (from Latin insula, island) is a peptide hormone produced by beta cells of the pancreatic islets; it is considered to be the main anabolic hormone of the body.
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Intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells
Intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs), also called photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (pRGC), or melanopsin-containing retinal ganglion cells (mRGCs), are a type of neuron in the retina of the mammalian eye.
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Jeffrey C. Hall
Jeffrey Connor Hall (born May 3, 1945) is an American geneticist and chronobiologist.
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KaiA
kaiA is a gene in the "kaiABC" gene cluster that plays a crucial role in the regulation of bacterial circadian rhythms, such as in the cyanobacterium Synechococcus elongatus.
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KaiB
KaiB is a gene located in the highly-conserved kaiABC gene cluster of various cyanobacterial species.
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KaiC
KaiC is a gene belonging to the KaiABC gene cluster (with KaiB, and KaiC) that, together, regulate bacterial circadian rhythms, specifically in cyanobacteria.
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Latrodectus
Latrodectus is a genus of spiders in the family Theridiidae, most of which are commonly known as widow spiders.
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Melatonin
Melatonin, also known as N-acetyl-5-methoxy tryptamine, is a hormone that is produced by the pineal gland in animals and regulates sleep and wakefulness.
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Methylation
In the chemical sciences, methylation denotes the addition of a methyl group on a substrate, or the substitution of an atom (or group) by a methyl group.
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Michael Rosbash
Michael Morris Rosbash (born March 7, 1944) is an American geneticist and chronobiologist.
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Michael W. Young
Michael Warren Young (born March 28, 1949) is an American biologist and geneticist.
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National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute
The National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) is the third largest Institute of the National Institutes of Health, located in Bethesda, Maryland, United States.
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Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (Nobelpriset i fysiologi eller medicin), administered by the Nobel Foundation, is awarded once a year for outstanding discoveries in the fields of life sciences and medicine.
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Optic chiasm
The optic chiasm or optic chiasma (Greek χίασμα, "crossing", from the Greek χιάζω 'to mark with an X', after the Greek letter 'Χ', chi) is the part of the brain where the optic nerves partially cross.
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Oscillation
Oscillation is the repetitive variation, typically in time, of some measure about a central value (often a point of equilibrium) or between two or more different states.
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PER1
The PER1 gene encodes the period circadian protein homolog 1 protein in humans.
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PER2
PER2 is a protein in mammals encoded by the PER2 gene.
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PER3
The PER3 gene encodes the period circadian protein homolog 3 protein in humans.
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Period (gene)
Period (per) is a gene located on the X chromosome of Drosophila melanogaster.
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Periodic function
In mathematics, a periodic function is a function that repeats its values in regular intervals or periods.
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Peroxiredoxin
Peroxiredoxins (Prxs,; HGNC root symbol PRDX) are a ubiquitous family of antioxidant enzymes that also control cytokine-induced peroxide levels and thereby mediate signal transduction in mammalian cells.
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Phase (waves)
Phase is the position of a point in time (an instant) on a waveform cycle.
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Phosphorylation
In chemistry, phosphorylation of a molecule is the attachment of a phosphoryl group.
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Pineal gland
The pineal gland, also known as the conarium, kônarion or epiphysis cerebri, is a small endocrine gland in the vertebrate brain.
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Protein dimer
In biochemistry, a protein dimer is a macromolecular complex formed by two protein monomers, or single proteins, which are usually non-covalently bound.
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Real-time polymerase chain reaction
A real-time polymerase chain reaction (Real-Time PCR), also known as quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), is a laboratory technique of molecular biology based on the polymerase chain reaction (PCR).
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Retinohypothalamic tract
The retinohypothalamic tract (RHT) is a photic neural input pathway involved in the circadian rhythms of mammals.
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Rev-ErbA
The Rev-ErbA proteins are members of the nuclear receptor family of intracellular transcription factors.
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Rev-ErbA alpha
Rev-ErbA alpha also known as NR1D1 (nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group D, member 1), is a protein that in humans is encoded by the NR1D1 gene.
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Rev-ErbA beta
Rev-ErbA beta (Rev-erbβ) also known as NR1D2 (nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group D, member 2) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the NR1D2 gene.
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Ronald J. Konopka
Ronald J. Konopka (1947-2015) was an American geneticist who studied chronobiology.
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Seymour Benzer
Seymour Benzer (October 15, 1921 – November 30, 2007) was an American physicist, molecular biologist and behavioral geneticist.
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Small interfering RNA
Small interfering RNA (siRNA), sometimes known as short interfering RNA or silencing RNA, is a class of double-stranded RNA molecules, 20-25 base pairs in length, similar to miRNA, and operating within the RNA interference (RNAi) pathway.
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Solar time
Solar time is a calculation of the passage of time based on the position of the Sun in the sky.
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SUMO protein
Small Ubiquitin-like Modifier (or SUMO) proteins are a family of small proteins that are covalently attached to and detached from other proteins in cells to modify their function.
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Suprachiasmatic nucleus
The suprachiasmatic nucleus or nuclei (SCN) is a tiny region of the brain in the hypothalamus, situated directly above the optic chiasm.
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Systems biology
Systems biology is the computational and mathematical modeling of complex biological systems.
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Thermoregulation
Thermoregulation is the ability of an organism to keep its body temperature within certain boundaries, even when the surrounding temperature is very different.
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TOC1 (gene)
Timing of CAB expression 1 is a protein that in Arabidopsis thaliana is encoded by the TOC1 gene.
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Transcription (biology)
Transcription is the first step of gene expression, in which a particular segment of DNA is copied into RNA (especially mRNA) by the enzyme RNA polymerase.
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Translation (biology)
In molecular biology and genetics, translation is the process in which ribosomes in the cytoplasm or ER synthesize proteins after the process of transcription of DNA to RNA in the cell's nucleus.
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Ubiquitin
Ubiquitin is a small (8.5 kDa) regulatory protein found in most tissues of eukaryotic organisms, i.e. it occurs ''ubiquitously''.
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University of Cambridge
The University of Cambridge (informally Cambridge University)The corporate title of the university is The Chancellor, Masters, and Scholars of the University of Cambridge.
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Vasoactive intestinal peptide
Vasoactive intestinal peptide, also known as vasoactive intestinal polypeptide or VIP, is a peptide hormone that is vasoactive in the intestine.
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Vertebrate
Vertebrates comprise all species of animals within the subphylum Vertebrata (chordates with backbones).
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Redirects here:
Circadian Clock, Circadian Oscillator, Circadian oscillator.
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circadian_clock
