Logo
Unionpedia
Communication
Get it on Google Play
New! Download Unionpedia on your Android™ device!
Free
Faster access than browser!
 

Classical Arabic

Index Classical Arabic

Classical Arabic is the form of the Arabic language used in Umayyad and Abbasid literary texts from the 7th century AD to the 9th century AD. [1]

74 relations: Abbasid Caliphate, Al-Hirah, Allah, Ancient North Arabian, Approximant consonant, Arab world, Arabic, Arabic languages, Arabic-English Lexicon, Aramaic language, Back vowel, Bedouin, Berber languages, Central Semitic languages, Classical Latin, Close vowel, Coptic language, Cursive, Dental consonant, Denti-alveolar consonant, ʾIʿrab, First language, Flap consonant, Fricative consonant, Front vowel, Glottal consonant, Greek alphabet, Himyaritic language, Horn of Africa, Ibn Khaldun, Imāla, Islam, Kees Versteegh, Koiné language, Labial consonant, Lakhmids, Language death, Lateral consonant, Lexis (linguistics), Loanword, Middle East, Modern South Arabian languages, Modern Standard Arabic, Monophthong, Morphology (linguistics), Muhammad, Najd, Nasal consonant, North Africa, Old Arabic, ..., Old South Arabian, Open vowel, Palatal consonant, Pharyngeal consonant, Phoenician language, Proto-Arabic, Proto-Semitic language, Punic language, Quran, Quranic Arabic Corpus, Romance languages, Second language, Semitic languages, Sibawayh, Stop consonant, Stylistics, Syntax, Umayyad Caliphate, Uvular consonant, Varieties of Arabic, Velar consonant, Velarization, Voice (phonetics), Voicelessness. Expand index (24 more) »

Abbasid Caliphate

The Abbasid Caliphate (or ٱلْخِلافَةُ ٱلْعَبَّاسِيَّة) was the third of the Islamic caliphates to succeed the Islamic prophet Muhammad.

New!!: Classical Arabic and Abbasid Caliphate · See more »

Al-Hirah

Al-Hirah (الحيرة al-Ḥīrah, ܚܝܪܬܐ Ḥīrtā) was an ancient city in Mesopotamia located south of what is now Kufa in south-central Iraq.

New!!: Classical Arabic and Al-Hirah · See more »

Allah

Allah (translit) is the Arabic word for God in Abrahamic religions.

New!!: Classical Arabic and Allah · See more »

Ancient North Arabian

Ancient North Arabian (ANA)http://e-learning.tsu.ge/pluginfile.php/5868/mod_resource/content/0/dzveli_armosavluri_enebi_-ugarituli_punikuri_arameuli_ebrauli_arabuli.pdf refers to all South Semitic scripts excluding Ancient South Arabian (ASA) used in central and northern Arabia from the 8th century BCE to the 4th century CE.

New!!: Classical Arabic and Ancient North Arabian · See more »

Approximant consonant

Approximants are speech sounds that involve the articulators approaching each other but not narrowly enough nor with enough articulatory precision to create turbulent airflow.

New!!: Classical Arabic and Approximant consonant · See more »

Arab world

The Arab world (العالم العربي; formally: Arab homeland, الوطن العربي), also known as the Arab nation (الأمة العربية) or the Arab states, currently consists of the 22 Arab countries of the Arab League.

New!!: Classical Arabic and Arab world · See more »

Arabic

Arabic (العَرَبِيَّة) or (عَرَبِيّ) or) is a Central Semitic language that first emerged in Iron Age northwestern Arabia and is now the lingua franca of the Arab world. It is named after the Arabs, a term initially used to describe peoples living from Mesopotamia in the east to the Anti-Lebanon mountains in the west, in northwestern Arabia, and in the Sinai peninsula. Arabic is classified as a macrolanguage comprising 30 modern varieties, including its standard form, Modern Standard Arabic, which is derived from Classical Arabic. As the modern written language, Modern Standard Arabic is widely taught in schools and universities, and is used to varying degrees in workplaces, government, and the media. The two formal varieties are grouped together as Literary Arabic (fuṣḥā), which is the official language of 26 states and the liturgical language of Islam. Modern Standard Arabic largely follows the grammatical standards of Classical Arabic and uses much of the same vocabulary. However, it has discarded some grammatical constructions and vocabulary that no longer have any counterpart in the spoken varieties, and has adopted certain new constructions and vocabulary from the spoken varieties. Much of the new vocabulary is used to denote concepts that have arisen in the post-classical era, especially in modern times. During the Middle Ages, Literary Arabic was a major vehicle of culture in Europe, especially in science, mathematics and philosophy. As a result, many European languages have also borrowed many words from it. Arabic influence, mainly in vocabulary, is seen in European languages, mainly Spanish and to a lesser extent Portuguese, Valencian and Catalan, owing to both the proximity of Christian European and Muslim Arab civilizations and 800 years of Arabic culture and language in the Iberian Peninsula, referred to in Arabic as al-Andalus. Sicilian has about 500 Arabic words as result of Sicily being progressively conquered by Arabs from North Africa, from the mid 9th to mid 10th centuries. Many of these words relate to agriculture and related activities (Hull and Ruffino). Balkan languages, including Greek and Bulgarian, have also acquired a significant number of Arabic words through contact with Ottoman Turkish. Arabic has influenced many languages around the globe throughout its history. Some of the most influenced languages are Persian, Turkish, Spanish, Urdu, Kashmiri, Kurdish, Bosnian, Kazakh, Bengali, Hindi, Malay, Maldivian, Indonesian, Pashto, Punjabi, Tagalog, Sindhi, and Hausa, and some languages in parts of Africa. Conversely, Arabic has borrowed words from other languages, including Greek and Persian in medieval times, and contemporary European languages such as English and French in modern times. Classical Arabic is the liturgical language of 1.8 billion Muslims and Modern Standard Arabic is one of six official languages of the United Nations. All varieties of Arabic combined are spoken by perhaps as many as 422 million speakers (native and non-native) in the Arab world, making it the fifth most spoken language in the world. Arabic is written with the Arabic alphabet, which is an abjad script and is written from right to left, although the spoken varieties are sometimes written in ASCII Latin from left to right with no standardized orthography.

New!!: Classical Arabic and Arabic · See more »

Arabic languages

The Arabic language family consists of all of the descendants of Proto-Arabic, including.

New!!: Classical Arabic and Arabic languages · See more »

Arabic-English Lexicon

The Arabic–English Lexicon is an Arabic–English dictionary compiled by Edward William Lane (died 1876).

New!!: Classical Arabic and Arabic-English Lexicon · See more »

Aramaic language

Aramaic (אַרָמָיָא Arāmāyā, ܐܪܡܝܐ, آرامية) is a language or group of languages belonging to the Semitic subfamily of the Afroasiatic language family.

New!!: Classical Arabic and Aramaic language · See more »

Back vowel

A back vowel is any in a class of vowel sound used in spoken languages.

New!!: Classical Arabic and Back vowel · See more »

Bedouin

The Bedouin (badawī) are a grouping of nomadic Arab peoples who have historically inhabited the desert regions in North Africa, the Arabian Peninsula, Iraq and the Levant.

New!!: Classical Arabic and Bedouin · See more »

Berber languages

The Berber languages, also known as Berber or the Amazigh languages (Berber name: Tamaziɣt, Tamazight; Neo-Tifinagh: ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ, Tuareg Tifinagh: ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵗⵜ, ⵝⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵗⵝ), are a branch of the Afroasiatic language family.

New!!: Classical Arabic and Berber languages · See more »

Central Semitic languages

The Central Semitic languages are a proposed intermediate group of Semitic languages, comprising the Late Iron Age, modern dialect of Arabic (prior to which Arabic was a Southern Semitic language), and older Bronze Age Northwest Semitic languages (which include Aramaic, Ugaritic, and the Canaanite languages of Hebrew and Phoenician).

New!!: Classical Arabic and Central Semitic languages · See more »

Classical Latin

Classical Latin is the modern term used to describe the form of the Latin language recognized as standard by writers of the late Roman Republic and the Roman Empire.

New!!: Classical Arabic and Classical Latin · See more »

Close vowel

A close vowel, also known as a high vowel (in American terminology), is any in a class of vowel sound used in many spoken languages.

New!!: Classical Arabic and Close vowel · See more »

Coptic language

Coptic or Coptic Egyptian (Bohairic: ti.met.rem.ən.khēmi and Sahidic: t.mənt.rəm.ən.kēme) is the latest stage of the Egyptian language, a northern Afro-Asiatic language spoken in Egypt until at least the 17th century.

New!!: Classical Arabic and Coptic language · See more »

Cursive

Cursive (also known as script or longhand, among other names) is any style of penmanship in which some characters are written joined together in a flowing manner, generally for the purpose of making writing faster.

New!!: Classical Arabic and Cursive · See more »

Dental consonant

A dental consonant is a consonant articulated with the tongue against the upper teeth, such as,,, and in some languages.

New!!: Classical Arabic and Dental consonant · See more »

Denti-alveolar consonant

In linguistics, a denti-alveolar consonant or dento-alveolar consonant is a consonant that is articulated with a flat tongue against the alveolar ridge and upper teeth, such as and in languages such as Spanish and French.

New!!: Classical Arabic and Denti-alveolar consonant · See more »

ʾIʿrab

(إِﻋْﺮَاب) is an Arabic term for the system of nominal, adjectival, or verbal suffixes of Classical Arabic.

New!!: Classical Arabic and ʾIʿrab · See more »

First language

A first language, native language or mother/father/parent tongue (also known as arterial language or L1) is a language that a person has been exposed to from birth or within the critical period.

New!!: Classical Arabic and First language · See more »

Flap consonant

In phonetics, a flap or tap is a type of consonantal sound, which is produced with a single contraction of the muscles so that one articulator (such as the tongue) is thrown against another.

New!!: Classical Arabic and Flap consonant · See more »

Fricative consonant

Fricatives are consonants produced by forcing air through a narrow channel made by placing two articulators close together.

New!!: Classical Arabic and Fricative consonant · See more »

Front vowel

A front vowel is any in a class of vowel sound used in some spoken languages, its defining characteristic being that the highest point of the tongue is positioned relatively in front in the mouth without creating a constriction that would make it a consonant.

New!!: Classical Arabic and Front vowel · See more »

Glottal consonant

Glottal consonants are consonants using the glottis as their primary articulation.

New!!: Classical Arabic and Glottal consonant · See more »

Greek alphabet

The Greek alphabet has been used to write the Greek language since the late 9th or early 8th century BC.

New!!: Classical Arabic and Greek alphabet · See more »

Himyaritic language

Himyaritic or Al-Himyariah (لغة حمير luġat Ḥimyar, Language of Himyar) is a Semitic language that was spoken in Yemen, according to some by the Himyarites.

New!!: Classical Arabic and Himyaritic language · See more »

Horn of Africa

The Horn of Africa is a peninsula in East Africa that juts into the Guardafui Channel, lying along the southern side of the Gulf of Aden and the southwest Red Sea.

New!!: Classical Arabic and Horn of Africa · See more »

Ibn Khaldun

Ibn Khaldun (أبو زيد عبد الرحمن بن محمد بن خلدون الحضرمي.,; 27 May 1332 – 17 March 1406) was a fourteenth-century Arab historiographer and historian.

New!!: Classical Arabic and Ibn Khaldun · See more »

Imāla

Imāla (also transliterated; إمالة, literally "slanting") is a vowel shift exhibited in many dialects of Arabic where the open vowel, whether long or short, is raised to or even in certain morphological or phonological contexts.

New!!: Classical Arabic and Imāla · See more »

Islam

IslamThere are ten pronunciations of Islam in English, differing in whether the first or second syllable has the stress, whether the s is or, and whether the a is pronounced, or (when the stress is on the first syllable) (Merriam Webster).

New!!: Classical Arabic and Islam · See more »

Kees Versteegh

Cornelis Henricus Maria Versteegh, better known as Kees Versteegh (1947-present), is a Dutch linguist and Arabist.

New!!: Classical Arabic and Kees Versteegh · See more »

Koiné language

In linguistics, a koiné language, koiné dialect, or simply koiné (Ancient Greek κοινή, "common ") is a standard language or dialect that has arisen as a result of contact between two or more mutually intelligible varieties (dialects) of the same language.

New!!: Classical Arabic and Koiné language · See more »

Labial consonant

Labial consonants are consonants in which one or both lips are the active articulator.

New!!: Classical Arabic and Labial consonant · See more »

Lakhmids

The Lakhmids (اللخميون) or Banu Lakhm (بنو لخم) were an Arab kingdom of southern Iraq with al-Hirah as their capital, from about 300 to 602 AD.

New!!: Classical Arabic and Lakhmids · See more »

Language death

In linguistics, language death occurs when a language loses its last native speaker.

New!!: Classical Arabic and Language death · See more »

Lateral consonant

A lateral is an l-like consonant in which the airstream proceeds along the sides of the tongue, but it is blocked by the tongue from going through the middle of the mouth.

New!!: Classical Arabic and Lateral consonant · See more »

Lexis (linguistics)

In generative linguistics, a lexis or lexicon is the complete set of all possible words in a language (vocabulary).

New!!: Classical Arabic and Lexis (linguistics) · See more »

Loanword

A loanword (also loan word or loan-word) is a word adopted from one language (the donor language) and incorporated into another language without translation.

New!!: Classical Arabic and Loanword · See more »

Middle East

The Middle Easttranslit-std; translit; Orta Şərq; Central Kurdish: ڕۆژھەڵاتی ناوین, Rojhelatî Nawîn; Moyen-Orient; translit; translit; translit; Rojhilata Navîn; translit; Bariga Dhexe; Orta Doğu; translit is a transcontinental region centered on Western Asia, Turkey (both Asian and European), and Egypt (which is mostly in North Africa).

New!!: Classical Arabic and Middle East · See more »

Modern South Arabian languages

The Modern South Arabian languages (Eastern South Semitic or Eastern South Arabian) are spoken mainly by small populations inhabiting the Arabian Peninsula, in Yemen and Oman.

New!!: Classical Arabic and Modern South Arabian languages · See more »

Modern Standard Arabic

Modern Standard Arabic (MSA; اللغة العربية الفصحى 'the most eloquent Arabic language'), Standard Arabic, or Literary Arabic is the standardized and literary variety of Arabic used in writing and in most formal speech throughout the Arab world to facilitate communication.

New!!: Classical Arabic and Modern Standard Arabic · See more »

Monophthong

A monophthong (Greek monóphthongos from mónos "single" and phthóngos "sound") is a pure vowel sound, one whose articulation at both beginning and end is relatively fixed, and which does not glide up or down towards a new position of articulation.

New!!: Classical Arabic and Monophthong · See more »

Morphology (linguistics)

In linguistics, morphology is the study of words, how they are formed, and their relationship to other words in the same language.

New!!: Classical Arabic and Morphology (linguistics) · See more »

Muhammad

MuhammadFull name: Abū al-Qāsim Muḥammad ibn ʿAbd Allāh ibn ʿAbd al-Muṭṭalib ibn Hāšim (ابو القاسم محمد ابن عبد الله ابن عبد المطلب ابن هاشم, lit: Father of Qasim Muhammad son of Abd Allah son of Abdul-Muttalib son of Hashim) (مُحمّد;;Classical Arabic pronunciation Latinized as Mahometus c. 570 CE – 8 June 632 CE)Elizabeth Goldman (1995), p. 63, gives 8 June 632 CE, the dominant Islamic tradition.

New!!: Classical Arabic and Muhammad · See more »

Najd

Najd or Nejd (نجد, Najd) is a geographical central region of Saudi Arabia, alone accounting for almost a third of the population of the country.

New!!: Classical Arabic and Najd · See more »

Nasal consonant

In phonetics, a nasal, also called a nasal occlusive, nasal stop in contrast with a nasal fricative, or nasal continuant, is an occlusive consonant produced with a lowered velum, allowing air to escape freely through the nose.

New!!: Classical Arabic and Nasal consonant · See more »

North Africa

North Africa is a collective term for a group of Mediterranean countries and territories situated in the northern-most region of the African continent.

New!!: Classical Arabic and North Africa · See more »

Old Arabic

Old Arabic is the earliest attested stage of the Arabic language, beginning with the first attestation of personal names in the 9th century BC, and culminating in the codification of Classical Arabic beginning in the 7th century AD.

New!!: Classical Arabic and Old Arabic · See more »

Old South Arabian

Old South Arabianhttp://e-learning.tsu.ge/pluginfile.php/5868/mod_resource/content/0/dzveli_armosavluri_enebi_-ugarituli_punikuri_arameuli_ebrauli_arabuli.pdf (or Epigraphic South Arabian, or Ṣayhadic) is a group of four closely related extinct languages spoken in the far southern portion of the Arabian Peninsula.

New!!: Classical Arabic and Old South Arabian · See more »

Open vowel

An open vowel is a vowel sound in which the tongue is positioned as far as possible from the roof of the mouth.

New!!: Classical Arabic and Open vowel · See more »

Palatal consonant

Palatal consonants are consonants articulated with the body of the tongue raised against the hard palate (the middle part of the roof of the mouth).

New!!: Classical Arabic and Palatal consonant · See more »

Pharyngeal consonant

A pharyngeal consonant is a consonant that is articulated primarily in the pharynx.

New!!: Classical Arabic and Pharyngeal consonant · See more »

Phoenician language

Phoenician was a language originally spoken in the coastal (Mediterranean) region then called "Canaan" in Phoenician, Hebrew, Old Arabic, and Aramaic, "Phoenicia" in Greek and Latin, and "Pūt" in the Egyptian language.

New!!: Classical Arabic and Phoenician language · See more »

Proto-Arabic

Proto-Arabic is the name given to the hypothetical reconstructed ancestor of all the varieties of Arabic attested since the 9th century BC.

New!!: Classical Arabic and Proto-Arabic · See more »

Proto-Semitic language

Proto-Semitic is a hypothetical reconstructed language ancestral to the historical Semitic languages.

New!!: Classical Arabic and Proto-Semitic language · See more »

Punic language

The Punic language, also called Carthaginian or Phoenicio-Punic, is an extinct variety of the Phoenician language, a Canaanite language of the Semitic family.

New!!: Classical Arabic and Punic language · See more »

Quran

The Quran (القرآن, literally meaning "the recitation"; also romanized Qur'an or Koran) is the central religious text of Islam, which Muslims believe to be a revelation from God (Allah).

New!!: Classical Arabic and Quran · See more »

Quranic Arabic Corpus

The Quranic Arabic Corpus is an annotated linguistic resource consisting of 77,430 words of Quranic Arabic.

New!!: Classical Arabic and Quranic Arabic Corpus · See more »

Romance languages

The Romance languages (also called Romanic languages or Neo-Latin languages) are the modern languages that began evolving from Vulgar Latin between the sixth and ninth centuries and that form a branch of the Italic languages within the Indo-European language family.

New!!: Classical Arabic and Romance languages · See more »

Second language

A person's second language or L2, is a language that is not the native language of the speaker, but that is used in the locale of that person.

New!!: Classical Arabic and Second language · See more »

Semitic languages

The Semitic languages are a branch of the Afroasiatic language family originating in the Middle East.

New!!: Classical Arabic and Semitic languages · See more »

Sibawayh

Abū Bishr ʻAmr ibn ʻUthmān ibn Qanbar Al-Baṣrī (c. 760–796, أبو بشر عمرو بن عثمان بن قنبر البصري), commonly known as Sībawayh or Sībawayhi (سيبويه, an Arabized form of Middle Persian name Sēbōē, modern Persian pronunciation Sēbōya/Sībūye) was a Persian linguist and grammarian of Arabic language.

New!!: Classical Arabic and Sibawayh · See more »

Stop consonant

In phonetics, a stop, also known as a plosive or oral occlusive, is a consonant in which the vocal tract is blocked so that all airflow ceases.

New!!: Classical Arabic and Stop consonant · See more »

Stylistics

Stylistics, a branch of applied linguistics, is the study and interpretation of texts in regard to their linguistic and tonal style.

New!!: Classical Arabic and Stylistics · See more »

Syntax

In linguistics, syntax is the set of rules, principles, and processes that govern the structure of sentences in a given language, usually including word order.

New!!: Classical Arabic and Syntax · See more »

Umayyad Caliphate

The Umayyad Caliphate (ٱلْخِلافَةُ ٱلأُمَوِيَّة, trans. Al-Khilāfatu al-ʾUmawiyyah), also spelt, was the second of the four major caliphates established after the death of Muhammad.

New!!: Classical Arabic and Umayyad Caliphate · See more »

Uvular consonant

Uvulars are consonants articulated with the back of the tongue against or near the uvula, that is, further back in the mouth than velar consonants.

New!!: Classical Arabic and Uvular consonant · See more »

Varieties of Arabic

There are many varieties of Arabic (dialects or otherwise) in existence.

New!!: Classical Arabic and Varieties of Arabic · See more »

Velar consonant

Velars are consonants articulated with the back part of the tongue (the dorsum) against the soft palate, the back part of the roof of the mouth (known also as the velum).

New!!: Classical Arabic and Velar consonant · See more »

Velarization

Velarization is a secondary articulation of consonants by which the back of the tongue is raised toward the velum during the articulation of the consonant.

New!!: Classical Arabic and Velarization · See more »

Voice (phonetics)

Voice is a term used in phonetics and phonology to characterize speech sounds (usually consonants).

New!!: Classical Arabic and Voice (phonetics) · See more »

Voicelessness

In linguistics, voicelessness is the property of sounds being pronounced without the larynx vibrating.

New!!: Classical Arabic and Voicelessness · See more »

Redirects here:

Ancient Arabic, Classical Arabic language, Classical Arabic phonology, Koranic Arabic, Mudar language, Mudari Arabic, Mudariya Arabic, Mudariyya Arabic, Qur'anic Arabic, Quranic Arabic, ۜ, ۟, ۠, ۢ, ۣ, ۤ, ۥ, ۦ, ۧ, ۨ, ۪, ۫, ۬, ۭ.

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Classical_Arabic

OutgoingIncoming
Hey! We are on Facebook now! »