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Cloning

Index Cloning

Cloning is the process of producing genetically identical individuals of an organism either naturally or artificially. [1]

273 relations: A Number, Adolf Hitler, Afghan Hound, Agência Brasil, Aldous Huxley, Alien Resurrection, Alternate history, Amphibian, Ancient Greek, Animal theme park, Antibiotic, Apomixis, Artificial uterus, Asexual reproduction, Associated Press, Australian Museum, Bacteria, Banana, Banteng, Barbra Streisand, BBC, BBC News, Beijing Genomics Institute, Bioethics, Biology, Biotechnology, Blastocyst, Boba Fett, Bokanovsky's Process, Brave New World, Camel, Carnosaur (novel), Carp, Caryl Churchill, Cat, Cattle, CC (cat), Cell (biology), Cell (journal), Cellular differentiation, Center for Food Safety, Central America, Changthangi, China, Chromosome, Clonal colony, Clone trooper, Clone Wars (Star Wars), Cloning vector, Cloud Atlas (film), ..., Cloud Atlas (novel), CNN, Consumers Union, Cultivar, Cytoplasm, Digital media, Dinosaur, Discovery Channel, DNA, DNA ligase, DNA profiling, DNA sequencing, Doctor Who, Dog, Dolly (sheep), Dolly Parton, Egg, Electric ant, Electroporation, Embryo, Embryo transfer, Embryology, Emotional labor, English people, Ethanol, Ethics, Ethics of cloning, Extinction, Fantastic Voyage, Fern, Fetus, Finnish Dorset sheep, Fossil, Fourth Doctor, Fragmentation (cell biology), Frozen Ark, Frozen zoo, Fungus, Galactic Empire (Star Wars), Gastric-brooding frog, Gaur, Gemma (botany), Gene, Gene gun, Genetic screen, Genetics, Germans, Goat, Gordon Rattray Taylor, Grafting, Grape, Gray wolf, Halo (franchise), Hammerhead shark, Hans Spemann, Hazel, HBO Films, Hilde Mangold, Homage (arts), Horse, Horticulture, Human cloning, Humane Society of the United States, Ian Wilmut, Iberian ibex, Idaho Gem, Immunosuppressive drug, In vitro, In vitro fertilisation, India, Induced pluripotent stem cell, Injaz, Inoculation, Ira Levin, J. B. S. Haldane, Jango Fett, Jenny (Doctor Who), José Saramago, Josef Mengele, Journey's End (Doctor Who), Jurassic Park, Jurassic Park (film), Jurassic Park (novel), Kazuo Ishiguro, Keith Campbell (biologist), Kentucky coffeetree, Komodo dragon, Leela (Doctor Who), Legislature, Liquid nitrogen, Liquid Snake, Liquidambar styraciflua, List of animals that have been cloned, Little Nicky (cat), Long Now Foundation, Macaque, Mammary gland, Megan and Morag, Metal Gear Solid, Michael Crichton, Microbiota, Microscope, Mitochondrial DNA, Mitochondrion, Molecular cloning, Moon (film), Mouse, Mule, Multiple birth, Mutagen, Myrica, National Geographic, National Museum of Scotland, National Museums Scotland, Natural selection, Nature versus nurture, NBCNews.com, Never Let Me Go (2010 film), Never Let Me Go (novel), New South Wales, Newsweek, Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Nuclear transfer, Optical transfection, Organ (anatomy), Organ transplantation, Organism, Origin of replication, Orphan Black, Pando (tree), Parthenogenesis, Perennial plant, Pig, Plant, Playwright, Polymerase chain reaction, Polystyrene, Potato, Poul Anderson, Primate, Prometea, Promoter (genetics), Protein production, Protein tag, Pyrenean ibex, Ralph (rat), Rat, Religion, Resident Evil (film), Restriction enzyme, Rhesus macaque, RNA, Robert Briggs (scientist), Roslin Institute, Ruminant, San Diego Zoo, Science (journal), Science fiction, Scotland, Secularity, Seed, Sheep, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Shrub, Sleeper (1973 film), Snuppy, Software, Solid Snake, Somatic cell nuclear transfer, Sontaran, South America, Soviet Union, Space warfare in fiction, Star Wars (film), Star Wars: Episode II – Attack of the Clones, Star Wars: Episode III – Revenge of the Sith, Steen Willadsen, Stem cell, Symbiosis, Tadpole, Taraxacum, Taxidermy, Teiidae, Telomere, Tenth Doctor, Tetra (monkey), The 6th Day, The Boys from Brazil (film), The Boys from Brazil (novel), The Creation of Adam, The Daily Telegraph, The Doctor's Daughter, The Double (Saramago novel), The Invisible Enemy (Doctor Who), The Island (2005 film), The Matrix, The New York Times, The President's Council on Bioethics, The Time Warrior, Thomas Joseph King, Thylacine, Time (magazine), Tong Dizhou, Transfection, Tree, Trypsin, Twin, University of New South Wales, University of Newcastle (Australia), University of Utah, Vaccinium corymbosum, Vector (molecular biology), Vegetative reproduction, Victoria (Australia), Vine, Viviparity, Water buffalo, Woody Allen, Woolly mammoth, X-gal, XY sex-determination system, Zhong Zhong and Hua Hua. Expand index (223 more) »

A Number

A Number is a 2002 play by the English playwright Caryl Churchill which addresses the subject of human cloning and identity, especially nature versus nurture.

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Adolf Hitler

Adolf Hitler (20 April 1889 – 30 April 1945) was a German politician, demagogue, and revolutionary, who was the leader of the Nazi Party (Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei; NSDAP), Chancellor of Germany from 1933 to 1945 and Führer ("Leader") of Nazi Germany from 1934 to 1945.

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Afghan Hound

The Afghan Hound is a hound that is distinguished by its thick, fine, silky coat and its tail with a ring curl at the end.

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Agência Brasil

Agência Brasil (ABR) is the national public news agency, run by the Brazilian government.

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Aldous Huxley

Aldous Leonard Huxley (26 July 1894 – 22 November 1963) was an English writer, novelist, philosopher, and prominent member of the Huxley family.

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Alien Resurrection

Alien Resurrection is a 1997 American science-fiction action horror film directed by Jean-Pierre Jeunet, written by Joss Whedon, and starring Sigourney Weaver and Winona Ryder.

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Alternate history

Alternate history or alternative history (Commonwealth English), sometimes abbreviated as AH, is a genre of fiction consisting of stories in which one or more historical events occur differently.

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Amphibian

Amphibians are ectothermic, tetrapod vertebrates of the class Amphibia.

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Ancient Greek

The Ancient Greek language includes the forms of Greek used in ancient Greece and the ancient world from around the 9th century BC to the 6th century AD.

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Animal theme park

An animal theme park, also known as a zoological theme park, is a combination of a theme park and a zoological park, mainly for entertainment, amusement, and commercial purposes.

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Antibiotic

An antibiotic (from ancient Greek αντιβιοτικά, antibiotiká), also called an antibacterial, is a type of antimicrobial drug used in the treatment and prevention of bacterial infections.

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Apomixis

In botany, apomixis was defined by Hans Winkler as replacement of the normal sexual reproduction by asexual reproduction, without fertilization.

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Artificial uterus

An artificial uterus (or artificial womb) is a hypothetical device that would allow for external pregnancy by growing a fetus outside the body of an organism that would normally carry the fetus to term.

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Asexual reproduction

Asexual reproduction is a type of reproduction by which offspring arise from a single organism, and inherit the genes of that parent only; it does not involve the fusion of gametes, and almost never changes the number of chromosomes.

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Associated Press

The Associated Press (AP) is a U.S.-based not-for-profit news agency headquartered in New York City.

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Australian Museum

The Australian Museum is the oldest museum in Australia, with an international reputation in the fields of natural history and anthropology.

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Bacteria

Bacteria (common noun bacteria, singular bacterium) is a type of biological cell.

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Banana

A banana is an edible fruit – botanically a berry – produced by several kinds of large herbaceous flowering plants in the genus Musa.

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Banteng

The banteng (Bos javanicus), also known as tembadau, is a species of wild cattle found in Southeast Asia.

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Barbra Streisand

Barbara Joan "Barbra" Streisand (born April 24, 1942) is an American singer, songwriter, actress, and filmmaker.

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BBC

The British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) is a British public service broadcaster.

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BBC News

BBC News is an operational business division of the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) responsible for the gathering and broadcasting of news and current affairs.

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Beijing Genomics Institute

BGI, known as the Beijing Genomics Institute prior to 2008, is a genome sequencing center, headquartered in Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.

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Bioethics

Bioethics is the study of the ethical issues emerging from advances in biology and medicine.

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Biology

Biology is the natural science that studies life and living organisms, including their physical structure, chemical composition, function, development and evolution.

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Biotechnology

Biotechnology is the broad area of science involving living systems and organisms to develop or make products, or "any technological application that uses biological systems, living organisms, or derivatives thereof, to make or modify products or processes for specific use" (UN Convention on Biological Diversity, Art. 2).

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Blastocyst

The blastocyst is a structure formed in the early development of mammals.

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Boba Fett

Boba Fett is a fictional character and bounty hunter in the ''Star Wars'' franchise.

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Bokanovsky's Process

Bokanovsky's Process is a fictional process of human cloning that is a key aspect of the world envisioned in Aldous Huxley's novel Brave New World.

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Brave New World

Brave New World is a dystopian novel written in 1931 by English author Aldous Huxley, and published in 1932.

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Camel

A camel is an even-toed ungulate in the genus Camelus that bears distinctive fatty deposits known as "humps" on its back.

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Carnosaur (novel)

Carnosaur (1984) is a horror novel written by Australian author John Brosnan, under the pseudonym of Harry Adam Knight.

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Carp

Carp are various species of oily freshwater fish from the family Cyprinidae, a very large group of fish native to Europe and Asia.

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Caryl Churchill

Caryl Churchill (born 3 September 1938, London) is a British playwright known for dramatising the abuses of power, for her use of non-naturalistic techniques, and for her exploration of sexual politics and feminist themes.

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Cat

The domestic cat (Felis silvestris catus or Felis catus) is a small, typically furry, carnivorous mammal.

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Cattle

Cattle—colloquially cows—are the most common type of large domesticated ungulates.

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CC (cat)

CC, for "CopyCat" or "Carbon Copy" (born December 22, 2001), is a brown tabby and white domestic shorthair and the first cloned pet.

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Cell (biology)

The cell (from Latin cella, meaning "small room") is the basic structural, functional, and biological unit of all known living organisms.

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Cell (journal)

Cell is a peer-reviewed scientific journal publishing research papers across a broad range of disciplines within the life sciences.

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Cellular differentiation

In developmental biology, cellular differentiation is the process where a cell changes from one cell type to another.

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Center for Food Safety

The Center for Food Safety (CFS) is a 501c3, U.S. environmental, non-profit organization, based in Washington, D.C. It maintains an office in San Francisco, California.

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Central America

Central America (América Central, Centroamérica) is the southernmost, isthmian portion of the North American continent, which connects with the South American continent on the southeast.

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Changthangi

The Changthangi,"'Changra"'or Pashmina goat, is a breed of goat inhabiting the plateaus in Tibet, Nepal and neighbouring areas of Ladakh in Jammu and Kashmir, India.

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China

China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a unitary one-party sovereign state in East Asia and the world's most populous country, with a population of around /1e9 round 3 billion.

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Chromosome

A chromosome (from Ancient Greek: χρωμόσωμα, chromosoma, chroma means colour, soma means body) is a DNA molecule with part or all of the genetic material (genome) of an organism.

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Clonal colony

A clonal colony or genet is a group of genetically identical individuals, such as plants, fungi, or bacteria, that have grown in a given location, all originating vegetatively, not sexually, from a single ancestor.

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Clone trooper

Clone troopers are fictional soldiers of the Grand Army of the Republic in the ''Star Wars'' franchise created by George Lucas.

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Clone Wars (Star Wars)

The Clone Wars, occasionally referred to in the singular as the Clone War, are conflicts in the Star Wars franchise by George Lucas.

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Cloning vector

A cloning vector is a small piece of DNA, taken from a virus, a plasmid, or the cell of a higher organism, that can be stably maintained in an organism, and into which a foreign DNA fragment can be inserted for cloning purposes.

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Cloud Atlas (film)

Cloud Atlas is an epic science fiction film written and directed by The Wachowskis and Tom Tykwer.

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Cloud Atlas (novel)

Cloud Atlas is a 2004 novel, the third book by British author David Mitchell.

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CNN

Cable News Network (CNN) is an American basic cable and satellite television news channel and an independent subsidiary of AT&T's WarnerMedia.

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Consumers Union

Consumers Union (CU) is a United States-based non-profit organization focusing on product testing, investigative journalism, and consumer advocacy.

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Cultivar

The term cultivarCultivar has two denominations as explained in Formal definition.

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Cytoplasm

In cell biology, the cytoplasm is the material within a living cell, excluding the cell nucleus.

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Digital media

Digital media are any media that are encoded in machine-readable formats.

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Dinosaur

Dinosaurs are a diverse group of reptiles of the clade Dinosauria.

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Discovery Channel

Discovery Channel (known as The Discovery Channel from 1985 to 1995, and often referred to as simply Discovery) is an American pay television channel that is the flagship television property of Discovery Inc., a publicly traded company run by CEO David Zaslav.

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DNA

Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is a thread-like chain of nucleotides carrying the genetic instructions used in the growth, development, functioning and reproduction of all known living organisms and many viruses.

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DNA ligase

DNA ligase is a specific type of enzyme, a ligase, that facilitates the joining of DNA strands together by catalyzing the formation of a phosphodiester bond.

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DNA profiling

DNA profiling (also called DNA fingerprinting, DNA testing, or DNA typing) is the process of determining an individual's DNA characteristics, which are as unique as fingerprints.

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DNA sequencing

DNA sequencing is the process of determining the precise order of nucleotides within a DNA molecule.

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Doctor Who

Doctor Who is a British science-fiction television programme produced by the BBC since 1963.

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Dog

The domestic dog (Canis lupus familiaris when considered a subspecies of the gray wolf or Canis familiaris when considered a distinct species) is a member of the genus Canis (canines), which forms part of the wolf-like canids, and is the most widely abundant terrestrial carnivore.

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Dolly (sheep)

Dolly (5 July 1996 – 14 February 2003) was a female domestic sheep, and the first mammal cloned from an adult somatic cell, using the process of nuclear transfer.

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Dolly Parton

Dolly Rebecca Parton (born January 19, 1946) is an American singer, songwriter, multi-instrumentalist, record producer, actress, author, businesswoman, and philanthropist, known primarily for her work in country music.

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Egg

An egg is the organic vessel containing the zygote in which an animal embryo develops until it can survive on its own; at which point the animal hatches.

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Electric ant

The electric ant (Wasmannia auropunctata), also known as the little fire ant, is a small (approx 1.5 mm long), light to golden brown (ginger) social ant native to Central and South America, now spread to parts of Africa (including Gabon and Cameroon), North America, Puerto Rico,http://www.fs.fed.us/r8/caribbean/wildlife-facts/2010/wildlife-facts-may-2010.shtml Israel, Cuba, and six Pacific Island groups (including the Galápagos Islands, Hawaii, New Caledonia and the Solomon Islands) plus north-eastern Australia (Cairns).

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Electroporation

Electroporation, or electropermeabilization, is a microbiology technique in which an electrical field is applied to cells in order to increase the permeability of the cell membrane, allowing chemicals, drugs, or DNA to be introduced into the cell.

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Embryo

An embryo is an early stage of development of a multicellular diploid eukaryotic organism.

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Embryo transfer

Embryo transfer refers to a step in the process of assisted reproduction in which embryos are placed into the uterus of a female with the intent to establish a pregnancy.

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Embryology

Embryology (from Greek ἔμβρυον, embryon, "the unborn, embryo"; and -λογία, -logia) is the branch of biology that studies the prenatal development of gametes (sex cells), fertilization, and development of embryos and fetuses.

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Emotional labor

Emotional labor is the process of managing feelings and expressions to fulfill the emotional requirements of a job.

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English people

The English are a nation and an ethnic group native to England who speak the English language. The English identity is of early medieval origin, when they were known in Old English as the Angelcynn ("family of the Angles"). Their ethnonym is derived from the Angles, one of the Germanic peoples who migrated to Great Britain around the 5th century AD. England is one of the countries of the United Kingdom, and the majority of people living there are British citizens. Historically, the English population is descended from several peoples the earlier Celtic Britons (or Brythons) and the Germanic tribes that settled in Britain following the withdrawal of the Romans, including Angles, Saxons, Jutes and Frisians. Collectively known as the Anglo-Saxons, they founded what was to become England (from the Old English Englaland) along with the later Danes, Anglo-Normans and other groups. In the Acts of Union 1707, the Kingdom of England was succeeded by the Kingdom of Great Britain. Over the years, English customs and identity have become fairly closely aligned with British customs and identity in general. Today many English people have recent forebears from other parts of the United Kingdom, while some are also descended from more recent immigrants from other European countries and from the Commonwealth. The English people are the source of the English language, the Westminster system, the common law system and numerous major sports such as cricket, football, rugby union, rugby league and tennis. These and other English cultural characteristics have spread worldwide, in part as a result of the former British Empire.

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Ethanol

Ethanol, also called alcohol, ethyl alcohol, grain alcohol, and drinking alcohol, is a chemical compound, a simple alcohol with the chemical formula.

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Ethics

Ethics or moral philosophy is a branch of philosophy that involves systematizing, defending, and recommending concepts of right and wrong conduct.

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Ethics of cloning

In bioethics, the ethics of cloning refers to a variety of ethical positions regarding the practice and possibilities of cloning, especially human cloning.

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Extinction

In biology, extinction is the termination of an organism or of a group of organisms (taxon), normally a species.

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Fantastic Voyage

Fantastic Voyage is a 1966 American science fiction film directed by Richard Fleischer and written by Harry Kleiner, based on a story by Otto Klement and Jerome Bixby.

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Fern

A fern is a member of a group of vascular plants that reproduce via spores and have neither seeds nor flowers.

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Fetus

A fetus is a stage in the prenatal development of viviparous organisms.

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Finnish Dorset sheep

A Finnish Dorset is a crossed-breed sheep, half Finnsheep, and half Dorset breed.

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Fossil

A fossil (from Classical Latin fossilis; literally, "obtained by digging") is any preserved remains, impression, or trace of any once-living thing from a past geological age.

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Fourth Doctor

The Fourth Doctor is an incarnation of the Doctor, the protagonist of the BBC science fiction television series Doctor Who.

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Fragmentation (cell biology)

In cell biology, ways in which fragmentation is useful for a cell: DNA cloning and apoptosis.

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Frozen Ark

The Frozen Ark is a charitable frozen zoo project created jointly by the Zoological Society of London, the Natural History Museum and University of Nottingham.

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Frozen zoo

A frozen zoo is a storage facility in which genetic materials taken from animals (e.g. DNA, sperm, eggs, embryos and live tissue) are gathered and thereafter stored at very low temperatures in tanks of liquid nitrogen waiting to be reprogrammed into stem cells for optimal preservation over a long period (see cryopreservation).

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Fungus

A fungus (plural: fungi or funguses) is any member of the group of eukaryotic organisms that includes microorganisms such as yeasts and molds, as well as the more familiar mushrooms.

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Galactic Empire (Star Wars)

The Galactic Empire is a fictional autocracy featured in the Star Wars franchise.

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Gastric-brooding frog

The gastric-brooding frogs or platypus frogs (Rheobatrachus) were a genus of ground-dwelling frogs native to Queensland in eastern Australia.

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Gaur

The gaur (Bos gaurus), also called the Indian bison, is the largest extant bovine.

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Gemma (botany)

A gemma (plural gemmae) is a single cell, or a mass of cells, or a modified bud of tissue, that detaches from the parent and develops into a new individual.

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Gene

In biology, a gene is a sequence of DNA or RNA that codes for a molecule that has a function.

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Gene gun

A gene gun or a biolistic particle delivery system, originally designed for plant transformation, is a device for delivering exogenous DNA (transgenes) to cells.

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Genetic screen

A genetic screen or mutagenesis screen is an experimental technique used to identify and select for individuals who possess a phenotype of interest in a mutagenized population.

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Genetics

Genetics is the study of genes, genetic variation, and heredity in living organisms.

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Germans

Germans (Deutsche) are a Germanic ethnic group native to Central Europe, who share a common German ancestry, culture and history.

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Goat

The domestic goat (Capra aegagrus hircus) is a subspecies of goat domesticated from the wild goat of southwest Asia and Eastern Europe.

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Gordon Rattray Taylor

Gordon Rattray Taylor (11 January 1911 – 7 December 1981) was a popular British author and journalist.

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Grafting

Grafting or graftage is a horticultural technique whereby tissues of plants are joined so as to continue their growth together.

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Grape

A grape is a fruit, botanically a berry, of the deciduous woody vines of the flowering plant genus Vitis.

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Gray wolf

The gray wolf (Canis lupus), also known as the timber wolf,Paquet, P. & Carbyn, L. W. (2003).

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Halo (franchise)

Halo is a military science fiction first-person shooter video game franchise created by Bungie and now managed and developed by 343 Industries, a subsidiary of Microsoft Studios.

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Hammerhead shark

The hammerhead sharks are a group of sharks in the family Sphyrnidae, so named for the unusual and distinctive structure of their heads, which are flattened and laterally extended into a "hammer" shape called a cephalofoil.

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Hans Spemann

Hans Spemann (27 June 1869 – 9 September 1941) was a German embryologist who was awarded a Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1935 for his discovery of the effect now known as embryonic induction, an influence, exercised by various parts of the embryo, that directs the development of groups of cells into particular tissues and organs.

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Hazel

The hazel (Corylus) is a genus of deciduous trees and large shrubs native to the temperate Northern Hemisphere.

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HBO Films

HBO Films (formerly called HBO Premiere Films and HBO Pictures) is a division of the cable television network HBO that produces feature films and miniseries.

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Hilde Mangold

Hilde Mangold (20 October 1898 – 4 September 1924) (née Proescholdt) was a German embryologist who was best known for her 1923 dissertation which was the foundation for her mentor, Hans Spemann's, 1935 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for the discovery of the embryonic organizer,Mangold, Hilde (Proescholdt) by Marilyn Baily Ogilvie and Joy Dorothy Harvey in The Biographical Dictionary of Women in Science.

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Homage (arts)

Homage is a show or demonstration of respect or dedication to someone or something, sometimes by simple declaration but often by some more oblique reference, artistic or poetic.

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Horse

The horse (Equus ferus caballus) is one of two extant subspecies of ''Equus ferus''.

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Horticulture

Horticulture is the science and art of growing plants (fruits, vegetables, flowers, and any other cultivar).

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Human cloning

Human cloning is the creation of a genetically identical copy (or clone) of a human.

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Humane Society of the United States

The Humane Society of the United States (HSUS), based in Washington, D.C., is an American nonprofit organization founded by journalist Fred Myers and Helen Jones, Larry Andrews, and Marcia Glaser in 1954, to address what they saw as animal-related cruelties of national scope, and to resolve animal welfare problems by applying strategies beyond the resources or abilities of local organizations.

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Ian Wilmut

Sir Ian Wilmut, OBE FRS One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from the royalsociety.org website where: FMedSci FRSE (born 7 July 1944) is a British embryologist and Chair of the Scottish Centre for Regenerative Medicine at the University of Edinburgh.

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Iberian ibex

The Iberian ibex, Spanish ibex, Spanish wild goat, or Iberian wild goat (Capra pyrenaica) is a species of ibex with four subspecies.

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Idaho Gem

The mule Idaho Gem (born May 4, 2003) is the first cloned equine and first cloned mule.

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Immunosuppressive drug

Immunosuppressive drugs or immunosuppressive agents or antirejection medications are drugs that inhibit or prevent activity of the immune system.

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In vitro

In vitro (meaning: in the glass) studies are performed with microorganisms, cells, or biological molecules outside their normal biological context.

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In vitro fertilisation

In vitro fertilisation (IVF) is a process of fertilisation where an egg is combined with sperm outside the body, in vitro ("in glass").

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India

India (IAST), also called the Republic of India (IAST), is a country in South Asia.

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Induced pluripotent stem cell

Induced pluripotent stem cells (also known as iPS cells or iPSCs) are a type of pluripotent stem cell that can be generated directly from adult cells.

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Injaz

Injaz (إنجاز, meaning "achievement"; born April 8, 2009) is a female dromedary camel, credited with being the world's first cloned camel.

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Inoculation

The terms inoculation, vaccination and immunization are often used synonymously to refer to artificial induction of immunity against various infectious diseases.

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Ira Levin

Ira Marvin Levin (August 27, 1929 – November 12, 2007) was an American novelist, playwright, and songwriter.

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J. B. S. Haldane

John Burdon Sanderson Haldane (5 November 18921 December 1964) was an English scientist known for his work in the study of physiology, genetics, evolutionary biology, and in mathematics, where he made innovative contributions to the fields of statistics and biostatistics.

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Jango Fett

Jango Fett is a fictional character in the ''Star Wars'' franchise, created by George Lucas.

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Jenny (Doctor Who)

Jenny, portrayed by Georgia Moffett, is a fictional character in the long-running British science fiction television series Doctor Who.

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José Saramago

José de Sousa Saramago, GColSE (16 November 1922 – 18 June 2010), was a Portuguese writer and recipient of the 1998 Nobel Prize in Literature.

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Josef Mengele

Josef Mengele (16 March 19117 February 1979) was a German Schutzstaffel (SS) officer and physician in Auschwitz concentration camp during World War II.

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Journey's End (Doctor Who)

"Journey's End" is the thirteenth and final episode of the fourth series of British science fiction television series Doctor Who, first broadcast on BBC One on 5 July 2008.

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Jurassic Park

Jurassic Park is an American science fiction media franchise centered on a disastrous attempt to create a theme park of cloned dinosaurs.

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Jurassic Park (film)

Jurassic Park is a 1993 American science-fiction adventure film directed by Steven Spielberg and produced by Kathleen Kennedy and Gerald R. Molen.

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Jurassic Park (novel)

Jurassic Park is a 1990 science fiction novel written by Michael Crichton, divided into seven sections (iterations).

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Kazuo Ishiguro

Sir Kazuo Ishiguro (born 8 November 1954) is a Nobel Prize-winning British novelist, screenwriter, and short-story writer.

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Keith Campbell (biologist)

Keith Henry Stockman Campbell (23 May 1954 – 5 October 2012), Professor of Animal Development at the University of Nottingham, was a British biologist who was a member of the team that in 1996 first cloned a mammal, a Finnish Dorset lamb named Dolly, from fully differentiated adult mammary cells.

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Kentucky coffeetree

The Kentucky coffeetree, Gymnocladus dioicus, is a tree in the subfamily Caesalpinioideae of the pea family Fabaceae, native to the Midwest and Upper South of North America.

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Komodo dragon

The Komodo dragon (Varanus komodoensis), also known as the Komodo monitor, is a species of lizard found in the Indonesian islands of Komodo, Rinca, Flores, Gili Motang, and Padar.

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Leela (Doctor Who)

Leela is a fictional character played by Louise Jameson in the long-running British science fiction television series Doctor Who.

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Legislature

A legislature is a deliberative assembly with the authority to make laws for a political entity such as a country or city.

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Liquid nitrogen

Liquid nitrogen is nitrogen in a liquid state at an extremely low temperature.

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Liquid Snake

is a fictional character from the Metal Gear franchise.

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Liquidambar styraciflua

American sweetgum (Liquidambar styraciflua), also known as American storax, hazel pine, bilsted, redgum, satin-walnut, star-leaved gum, alligatorwood, or simply sweetgum, is a deciduous tree in the genus Liquidambar native to warm temperate areas of eastern North America and tropical montane regions of Mexico and Central America.

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List of animals that have been cloned

This is a list of animals that have been cloned.

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Little Nicky (cat)

Little Nicky (born October 17, 2004) is the first commercially produced cat clone.

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Long Now Foundation

The Long Now Foundation, established in 1996, is an American public, non-profit organization based in San Francisco that seeks to become the seed of a very long-term cultural institution.

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Macaque

The macaques (or pronunciation by Oxford Dictionaries) constitute a genus (Macaca) of Old World monkeys of the subfamily Cercopithecinae.

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Mammary gland

A mammary gland is an exocrine gland in mammals that produces milk to feed young offspring.

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Megan and Morag

Megan and Morag, two domestic sheep, were the first mammals to have been successfully cloned from differentiated cells.

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Metal Gear Solid

Metal Gear Solid is an action-adventure stealth video game produced by Konami Computer Entertainment Japan and released for the PlayStation in 1998.

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Michael Crichton

John Michael Crichton (October 23, 1942 – November 4, 2008) was an American author, screenwriter, film director and producer best known for his work in the science fiction, thriller, and medical fiction genres.

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Microbiota

A microbiota is an "ecological community of commensal, symbiotic and pathogenic microorganisms" found in and on all multicellular organisms studied to date from plants to animals.

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Microscope

A microscope (from the μικρός, mikrós, "small" and σκοπεῖν, skopeîn, "to look" or "see") is an instrument used to see objects that are too small to be seen by the naked eye.

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Mitochondrial DNA

Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA or mDNA) is the DNA located in mitochondria, cellular organelles within eukaryotic cells that convert chemical energy from food into a form that cells can use, adenosine triphosphate (ATP).

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Mitochondrion

The mitochondrion (plural mitochondria) is a double-membrane-bound organelle found in most eukaryotic organisms.

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Molecular cloning

Molecular cloning is a set of experimental methods in molecular biology that are used to assemble recombinant DNA molecules and to direct their replication within host organisms.

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Moon (film)

Moon is a 2009 science fiction film directed by Duncan Jones and written by Nathan Parker from a story by Jones.

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Mouse

A mouse (Mus), plural mice, is a small rodent characteristically having a pointed snout, small rounded ears, a body-length scaly tail and a high breeding rate.

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Mule

A mule is the offspring of a male donkey (jack) and a female horse (mare).

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Multiple birth

A multiple birth is the culmination of one multiple pregnancy, wherein the mother delivers two or more offspring.

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Mutagen

In genetics, a mutagen is a physical or chemical agent that changes the genetic material, usually DNA, of an organism and thus increases the frequency of mutations above the natural background level.

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Myrica

Myrica is a genus of about 35–50 species of small trees and shrubs in the family Myricaceae, order Fagales.

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National Geographic

National Geographic (formerly the National Geographic Magazine and branded also as NAT GEO or) is the official magazine of the National Geographic Society.

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National Museum of Scotland

The National Museum of Scotland, Edinburgh, Scotland, was formed in 2006 with the merger of the new Museum of Scotland, with collections relating to Scottish antiquities, culture and history, and the adjacent Royal Museum (so renamed in 1995), with collections covering science and technology, natural history, and world cultures.

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National Museums Scotland

National Museums Scotland (NMS) (Taigh-tasgaidh Nàiseanta na h-Alba) is an executive non-departmental public body of the Scottish Government.

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Natural selection

Natural selection is the differential survival and reproduction of individuals due to differences in phenotype.

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Nature versus nurture

The nature versus nurture debate involves whether human behaviour is determined by the environment, either prenatal or during a person's life, or by a person's genes.

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NBCNews.com

NBCNews.com, formerly known as msnbc.com, is a news website owned and operated by NBCUniversal as the online arm of NBC News.

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Never Let Me Go (2010 film)

Never Let Me Go is a 2010 British dystopian romantic drama film based on Kazuo Ishiguro's 2005 novel Never Let Me Go.

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Never Let Me Go (novel)

Never Let Me Go is a 2005 dystopian science fiction novel by Nobel Prize-winning British author Kazuo Ishiguro.

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New South Wales

New South Wales (abbreviated as NSW) is a state on the east coast of:Australia.

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Newsweek

Newsweek is an American weekly magazine founded in 1933.

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Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (Nobelpriset i fysiologi eller medicin), administered by the Nobel Foundation, is awarded once a year for outstanding discoveries in the fields of life sciences and medicine.

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Northwest A&F University

Northwest A&F University (NWAFU, A&F referring to Agriculture and Forestry; simplified Chinese: 西北农林科技大学; pinyin: Xīběi Nónglín Kējì Dàxué; traditional Chinese: 西北農林科技大學), is a national key university located in Yangling Agricultural Hi-tech Industries Demonstration Zone, Shaanxi Province, P.R.China. The university has an old and abandoned name called Northwest Sci-tech University of Agriculture and Forestry, NWSUAF for short, which is still kept in the domain name of the university's official website. It is a Chinese Ministry of Education Class B Double First Class University. The history of Northwest A&F University can be dated back to 1934 when National Northwest Senior College of Agriculture and Forestry (simplified Chinese: 国立西北农林专科学校; traditional Chinese: 國立西北農林專科學校) was established by Ministry of Education, Republic of China based on an act drafted by Dai Jitao, General Yang Hucheng and Yu Youren in 1932. This was the first national senior college with speciality on agriculture field in the north-west of China and was also the only independent senior college of its kind. Yangling, where the university is located, is believed as the birthplace of Houji, God of Abundant Harvests, and is the area where he taught people how to grow and harvest cereals. Since 1934, 7 academic institutions or universities resided here gradually and it is reputable as Town of Agriculture Sciences. Many achievements have been made by university, such as wheat cultivars Biman 1 (by Zhao, Hongzhang) and Xiaoyan 6 (by Li, Zhensheng) which were dominant wheat cultivars in Yellow River-Huai River Wheat Growth Area and significantly increased wheat quality and yield. The Ministry of Education and Shaanxi Province Government proposed to merge the 7 scientific organizations to 1 new University and finally get approved by State Council in 1999, thus establishing Northwest A&F University. The university expanded rapidly and has Top 3 research and teaching quality in China's agriculture universities and is a member of "Project 985" club which is an organization of 39 reputable universities in China. Northwest A&F University's research achievements are dominant in the fields of agriculture biology including wheat breeding, entomology, agriculture resource management, horticulture, plant protection, food science (especially in Enology), forestry and veterinary. Besides, the university is also reputable in agricultural water conservancy, agriculture economics and management, agriculture mechanics and information engineering and ancient agricultural history research.The university has an annual income of around RMB 1.72 billion (around £172 million) in 2011,. By April 2013, the university has 1661 teachers and 28964 students. Northwest A&F University provides courses covering agriculture, forestry, engineering, natural science, medicine, management and economy etc. to both native and international students. These courses are provided by 23 academic colleges. Students can choose one college to register and pursue their honour degrees at different levels including Bachelor, Master and PhD. Studentship and scholarship from governments and organizations are available to help students finish their studies.

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Nuclear transfer

Nuclear transfer is a form of cloning.

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Optical transfection

Optical transfection is the process of introducing nucleic acids into cells using light.

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Organ (anatomy)

Organs are collections of tissues with similar functions.

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Organ transplantation

Organ transplantation is a medical procedure in which an organ is removed from one body and placed in the body of a recipient, to replace a damaged or missing organ.

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Organism

In biology, an organism (from Greek: ὀργανισμός, organismos) is any individual entity that exhibits the properties of life.

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Origin of replication

The origin of replication (also called the replication origin) is a particular sequence in a genome at which replication is initiated.

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Orphan Black

Orphan Black is a Canadian science fiction thriller television series created by screenwriter Graeme Manson and director John Fawcett, starring Tatiana Maslany as several identical people who are clones.

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Pando (tree)

Pando (Latin for "spread out"), also known as the Trembling Giant, is a clonal colony of an individual male quaking aspen (Populus tremuloides) determined to be a single living organism by identical genetic markers and assumed to have one massive underground root system.

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Parthenogenesis

Parthenogenesis (from the Greek label + label) is a natural form of asexual reproduction in which growth and development of embryos occur without fertilization.

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Perennial plant

A perennial plant or simply perennial is a plant that lives more than two years.

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Pig

A pig is any of the animals in the genus Sus, within the even-toed ungulate family Suidae.

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Plant

Plants are mainly multicellular, predominantly photosynthetic eukaryotes of the kingdom Plantae.

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Playwright

A playwright or dramatist (rarely dramaturge) is a person who writes plays.

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Polymerase chain reaction

Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a technique used in molecular biology to amplify a single copy or a few copies of a segment of DNA across several orders of magnitude, generating thousands to millions of copies of a particular DNA sequence.

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Polystyrene

Polystyrene (PS) is a synthetic aromatic hydrocarbon polymer made from the monomer styrene.

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Potato

The potato is a starchy, tuberous crop from the perennial nightshade Solanum tuberosum.

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Poul Anderson

Poul William Anderson (November 25, 1926 – July 31, 2001) was an American science fiction author who began his career in the 1940s and continued to write into the 21st century.

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Primate

A primate is a mammal of the order Primates (Latin: "prime, first rank").

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Prometea

Prometea (born May 28, 2003), a Haflinger foal, is the first cloned horse and the first to be born from and carried by its cloning mother.

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Promoter (genetics)

In genetics, a promoter is a region of DNA that initiates transcription of a particular gene.

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Protein production

Protein production is the biotechnological process of generating a specific protein.

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Protein tag

Protein tags are peptide sequences genetically grafted onto a recombinant protein.

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Pyrenean ibex

The Pyrenean ibex (Capra pyrenaica pyrenaica), Spanish common name bucardo, Catalan common name herc and French common name bouquetin was one of the four subspecies of the Iberian ibex or Iberian wild goat, a species endemic to the Pyrenees.

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Ralph (rat)

Ralph was the first cloned rat.

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Rat

Rats are various medium-sized, long-tailed rodents in the superfamily Muroidea.

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Religion

Religion may be defined as a cultural system of designated behaviors and practices, world views, texts, sanctified places, prophecies, ethics, or organizations, that relates humanity to supernatural, transcendental, or spiritual elements.

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Resident Evil (film)

Resident Evil is a 2002 action horror film written and directed by Paul W. S. Anderson and produced by Bernd Eichinger and Jeremy Bolt.

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Restriction enzyme

A restriction enzyme or restriction endonuclease is an enzyme that cleaves DNA into fragments at or near specific recognition sites within the molecule known as restriction sites.

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Rhesus macaque

The rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta) is one of the best-known species of Old World monkeys.

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RNA

Ribonucleic acid (RNA) is a polymeric molecule essential in various biological roles in coding, decoding, regulation, and expression of genes.

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Robert Briggs (scientist)

Robert Briggs (December 10, 1911 — March 4, 1983) was a scientist who, in 1952, together with Thomas Joseph King, cloned a frog by nuclear transfer of embryonic cells.

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Roslin Institute

The Roslin Institute is an animal sciences research institute at Easter Bush, Midlothian, Scotland, part of the University of Edinburgh, and is funded by the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council.

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Ruminant

Ruminants are mammals that are able to acquire nutrients from plant-based food by fermenting it in a specialized stomach prior to digestion, principally through microbial actions.

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San Diego Zoo

The San Diego Zoo is a zoo in Balboa Park, San Diego, California, housing over 3,700 animals of more than 650 species and subspecies.

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Science (journal)

Science, also widely referred to as Science Magazine, is the peer-reviewed academic journal of the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) and one of the world's top academic journals.

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Science fiction

Science fiction (often shortened to Sci-Fi or SF) is a genre of speculative fiction, typically dealing with imaginative concepts such as advanced science and technology, spaceflight, time travel, and extraterrestrial life.

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Scotland

Scotland (Alba) is a country that is part of the United Kingdom and covers the northern third of the island of Great Britain.

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Secularity

Secularity (adjective form secular, from Latin saeculum meaning "worldly", "of a generation", "temporal", or a span of about 100 years) is the state of being separate from religion, or of not being exclusively allied with or against any particular religion.

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Seed

A seed is an embryonic plant enclosed in a protective outer covering.

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Sheep

Domestic sheep (Ovis aries) are quadrupedal, ruminant mammal typically kept as livestock.

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Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir

Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences & Technology of Kashmir is an agricultural university located in Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India.

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Shrub

A shrub or bush is a small to medium-sized woody plant.

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Sleeper (1973 film)

Sleeper is a 1973 American futuristic science fiction comedy film, directed by Woody Allen and written by Allen and Marshall Brickman.

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Snuppy

Snuppy (Korean: 스너피 a portmanteau of "SNU" and "puppy"; April 24, 2005–May 2015) was an Afghan hound, credited with being the world's first cloned dog.

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Software

Computer software, or simply software, is a generic term that refers to a collection of data or computer instructions that tell the computer how to work, in contrast to the physical hardware from which the system is built, that actually performs the work.

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Solid Snake

Solid Snake is a fictional character and a protagonist of the Metal Gear series created by Hideo Kojima and developed and published by Konami.

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Somatic cell nuclear transfer

In genetics and developmental biology, somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) is a laboratory strategy for creating a viable embryo from a body cell and an egg cell.

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Sontaran

The Sontarans are a fictional extraterrestrial agendered race of humanoids from the British science fiction television series Doctor Who, and also seen in spin-off series The Sarah Jane Adventures.

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South America

South America is a continent in the Western Hemisphere, mostly in the Southern Hemisphere, with a relatively small portion in the Northern Hemisphere.

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Soviet Union

The Soviet Union, officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) was a socialist state in Eurasia that existed from 1922 to 1991.

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Space warfare in fiction

Space warfare has served as a central theme within the science-fiction genre.

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Star Wars (film)

Star Wars (later retitled Star Wars: Episode IV – A New Hope) is a 1977 American epic space opera film written and directed by George Lucas.

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Star Wars: Episode II – Attack of the Clones

Star Wars: Episode II – Attack of the Clones is a 2002 American epic space opera film directed by George Lucas and written by Lucas and Jonathan Hales.

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Star Wars: Episode III – Revenge of the Sith

Star Wars: Episode III – Revenge of the Sith is a 2005 American epic space opera film written and directed by George Lucas.

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Steen Willadsen

Steen Malte Willadsen (born 1943 in Copenhagen, Denmark) is a scientist credited with being the first to clone a mammal using nuclear transfer.

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Stem cell

Stem cells are biological cells that can differentiate into other types of cells and can divide to produce more of the same type of stem cells.

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Symbiosis

Symbiosis (from Greek συμβίωσις "living together", from σύν "together" and βίωσις "living") is any type of a close and long-term biological interaction between two different biological organisms, be it mutualistic, commensalistic, or parasitic.

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Tadpole

A tadpole (also called a pollywog) is the larval stage in the life cycle of an amphibian, particularly that of a frog or toad.

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Taraxacum

Taraxacum is a large genus of flowering plants in the family Asteraceae, which consists of species commonly known as dandelions.

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Taxidermy

Taxidermy is the preserving of an animal's body via stuffing and mounting for the purpose of display or study.

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Teiidae

Teiidae is a family of autarchoglossan lizards native to the Americas.

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Telomere

A telomere is a region of repetitive nucleotide sequences at each end of a chromosome, which protects the end of the chromosome from deterioration or from fusion with neighboring chromosomes.

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Tenth Doctor

The Tenth Doctor is an incarnation of the Doctor, the protagonist of the BBC science fiction television programme Doctor Who, who is played by David Tennant in three series as well as nine specials.

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Tetra (monkey)

Tetra (born October 1999) is a rhesus macaque that was created through a cloning technique called "embryo splitting".

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The 6th Day

The 6th Day is a 2000 American science fiction action film directed by Roger Spottiswoode and starring Arnold Schwarzenegger, Tony Goldwyn, Michael Rapaport and Robert Duvall.

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The Boys from Brazil (film)

The Boys from Brazil is a 1978 British-American science fiction thriller film directed by Franklin J. Schaffner.

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The Boys from Brazil (novel)

The Boys from Brazil (1976) is a thriller novel by American writer Ira Levin.

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The Creation of Adam

The Creation of Adam is a fresco painting by Michelangelo, which forms part of the Sistine Chapel's ceiling, painted c. 1508–1512.

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The Daily Telegraph

The Daily Telegraph, commonly referred to simply as The Telegraph, is a national British daily broadsheet newspaper published in London by Telegraph Media Group and distributed across the United Kingdom and internationally.

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The Doctor's Daughter

"The Doctor's Daughter" is the sixth episode of the fourth series of British science fiction television series Doctor Who.

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The Double (Saramago novel)

The Double is a 2002 novel by Portuguese author José Saramago, who won the Nobel Prize in Literature.

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The Invisible Enemy (Doctor Who)

The Invisible Enemy is the second serial of the 15th season of the British science fiction television series Doctor Who, which was first broadcast in four weekly parts on BBC1 from 1 October to 22 October 1977.

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The Island (2005 film)

The Island is a 2005 American science fiction thriller film directed and co-produced by Michael Bay.

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The Matrix

The Matrix is a 1999 science fiction action film written and directed by The Wachowskis (credited as The Wachowski Brothers) and starring Keanu Reeves, Laurence Fishburne, Carrie-Anne Moss, Hugo Weaving, and Joe Pantoliano.

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The New York Times

The New York Times (sometimes abbreviated as The NYT or The Times) is an American newspaper based in New York City with worldwide influence and readership.

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The President's Council on Bioethics

The President's Council on Bioethics (PCBE) was a group of individuals appointed by United States President George W. Bush to advise his administration on bioethics.

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The Time Warrior

The Time Warrior is the first serial of the 11th season of the British science fiction television series Doctor Who, which was first broadcast in four weekly parts on BBC1 from 15 December 1973 to 5 January 1974.

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Thomas Joseph King

Thomas J. King (June 4, 1921 – October 25, 2000) was an American biologist.

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Thylacine

The thylacine (or, also; Thylacinus cynocephalus) was the largest known carnivorous marsupial of modern times.

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Time (magazine)

Time is an American weekly news magazine and news website published in New York City.

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Tong Dizhou

Tong Dizhou (May 28, 1902 – March 30, 1979) was a Chinese embryologist remembered for his contributions to the field of cloning.

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Transfection

Transfection is the process of deliberately introducing naked or purified nucleic acids into eukaryotic cells.

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Tree

In botany, a tree is a perennial plant with an elongated stem, or trunk, supporting branches and leaves in most species.

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Trypsin

Trypsin is a serine protease from the PA clan superfamily, found in the digestive system of many vertebrates, where it hydrolyzes proteins.

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Twin

Twins are two offspring produced by the same pregnancy.

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University of New South Wales

The University of New South Wales (UNSW; branded as UNSW Sydney) is an Australian public research university located in the Sydney suburb of Kensington.

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University of Newcastle (Australia)

The University of Newcastle (UoN), informally known as Newcastle University, is an Australian public university established in 1965.

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University of Utah

The University of Utah (also referred to as the U, U of U, or Utah) is a public coeducational space-grant research university in Salt Lake City, Utah, United States.

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Vaccinium corymbosum

Vaccinium corymbosum, the northern highbush blueberry, is a North American species of blueberry which has become a food crop of significant economic importance.

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Vector (molecular biology)

In molecular cloning, a vector is a DNA molecule used as a vehicle to artificially carry foreign genetic material into another cell, where it can be replicated and/or expressed (e.g.- plasmid, cosmid, Lambda phages).

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Vegetative reproduction

Vegetative reproduction (also known as vegetative propagation, vegetative multiplication or vegetative cloning) is any form of asexual reproduction occurring in plants in which a new plant grows from a fragment of the parent plant or grows from a specialized reproductive structure.

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Victoria (Australia)

Victoria (abbreviated as Vic) is a state in south-eastern Australia.

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Vine

A vine (Latin vīnea "grapevine", "vineyard", from vīnum "wine") is any plant with a growth habit of trailing or scandent (that is, climbing) stems, lianas or runners.

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Viviparity

Among animals, viviparity is development of the embryo inside the body of the parent, eventually leading to live birth, as opposed to reproduction by laying eggs that complete their incubation outside the parental body.

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Water buffalo

The water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) or domestic Asian water buffalo is a large bovid originating in South Asia, Southeast Asia, and China.

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Woody Allen

Heywood Allen (born Allan Stewart Konigsberg; December 1, 1935) is an American director, writer, actor, comedian, and musician whose career spans more than six decades.

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Woolly mammoth

The woolly mammoth (Mammuthus primigenius) is an extinct species of mammoth that lived during the Pleistocene epoch, and was one of the last in a line of mammoth species, beginning with Mammuthus subplanifrons in the early Pliocene.

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X-gal

X-gal (also abbreviated BCIG for 5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl-β-D-galactopyranoside) is an organic compound consisting of galactose linked to a substituted indole.

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XY sex-determination system

The XY sex-determination system is the sex-determination system found in humans, most other mammals, some insects (Drosophila), some snakes, and some plants (Ginkgo).

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Zhong Zhong and Hua Hua

Zhong Zhong (born 27 November 2017) and Hua Hua (born 5 December 2017) are a pair of identical crab-eating macaques (also referred to as cynomolgus monkeys) that were created through somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT), the same cloning technique that produced Dolly the sheep in 1996.

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Redirects here:

Cell cloning, Cellular cloning, Clonal (plant), Clonal mutation, Clonal mutations, Clonal selections, Clonal variation, Clonal variation (plant), Clone (plant), Clone cells, Cloned, Cloner, Clones (plant), Clones (plants), Cloning (plant), Cloning Extinct Species, Cloning and Tissue Culture, Cloning in popular culture, Cloning plants, Dinosaur cloning, Dinosaur ressurection, Iusus, Organism cloning, Reproductive cloning.

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cloning

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