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47 relations: Adolf Hitler, Amnesty, Augustów roundup, Authority, Censorship, Communist party, Communist state, Crime against peace, Crimes against humanity, Criminal law, Decommunization, Dziennik Ustaw, Estonian Institute of Historical Memory, False document, History of Polish intelligence services, Human rights, Institute for Information on the Crimes of Communism, Institute for the Investigation of Communist Crimes in Romania, Institute for the Study of Totalitarian Regimes, Institute of National Remembrance, International law, KGB, Lustration in Poland, Main Directorate of Information of the Polish Army, Milicja Obywatelska, Ministry of Public Security (Poland), Nazi crime, NKVD, Office for the Documentation and the Investigation of the Crimes of Communism, Official, Poland, Polish Penal Code, Polish People's Republic, Political repression, Prosecutor, Research institute, Revolutions of 1989, Służba Bezpieczeństwa, SMERSH, Soviet invasion of Poland, Stalinism, Stasi, Statute of limitations, The Black Book of Communism, Thick line, Uroczysko Baran killing fields, War crime.
Adolf Hitler
Adolf Hitler (20 April 1889 – 30 April 1945) was a German politician, demagogue, and revolutionary, who was the leader of the Nazi Party (Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei; NSDAP), Chancellor of Germany from 1933 to 1945 and Führer ("Leader") of Nazi Germany from 1934 to 1945.
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Amnesty
Amnesty (from the Greek ἀμνηστία amnestia, "forgetfulness, passing over") is defined as: "A pardon extended by the government to a group or class of people, usually for a political offense; the act of a sovereign power officially forgiving certain classes of people who are subject to trial but have not yet been convicted." It includes more than pardon, inasmuch as it obliterates all legal remembrance of the offense.
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Augustów roundup
The Augustów roundup (Polish Obława augustowska) was a military operation against the Polish World War II anti-communist partisans and sympathizers following the Soviet takeover of Poland.
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Authority
Authority derives from the Latin word and is a concept used to indicate the foundational right to exercise power, which can be formalized by the State and exercised by way of judges, monarchs, rulers, police officers or other appointed executives of government, or the ecclesiastical or priestly appointed representatives of a higher spiritual power (God or other deities).
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Censorship
Censorship is the suppression of speech, public communication, or other information, on the basis that such material is considered objectionable, harmful, sensitive, or "inconvenient" as determined by government authorities.
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Communist party
A communist party is a political party that advocates the application of the social and economic principles of communism through state policy.
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Communist state
A Communist state (sometimes referred to as workers' state) is a state that is administered and governed by a single party, guided by Marxist–Leninist philosophy, with the aim of achieving communism.
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Crime against peace
A crime against peace, in international law, is "planning, preparation, initiation, or waging of wars of aggression, or a war in violation of international treaties, agreements or assurances, or participation in a common plan or conspiracy for the accomplishment of any of the foregoing".
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Crimes against humanity
Crimes against humanity are certain acts that are deliberately committed as part of a widespread or systematic attack or individual attack directed against any civilian or an identifiable part of a civilian population.
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Criminal law
Criminal law is the body of law that relates to crime.
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Decommunization
Decommunization is a process of dismantling the legacies of the communist state establishments, culture, and psychology in the post-communist states.
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Dziennik Ustaw
Dziennik Ustaw or Dziennik Ustaw Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej (Journal of Laws of the Republic of Poland, abbreviated Dz. U.) is the most important Polish publication of legal acts.
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Estonian Institute of Historical Memory
The Estonian Institute of Historical Memory (Estonian: Eesti Mälu Instituut) is an international organization with the aim to investigate international crimes and human rights violations committed by hostile regimes, research the totalitarian ideologies that created such regimes and inform the general public about the research results both in Estonia and internationally.
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False document
A false document is often promoted in conjunction with a criminal enterprise, such as fraud or a confidence game.
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History of Polish intelligence services
This article covers the history of Polish Intelligence services dating back to the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth.
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Human rights
Human rights are moral principles or normsJames Nickel, with assistance from Thomas Pogge, M.B.E. Smith, and Leif Wenar, December 13, 2013, Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy,, Retrieved August 14, 2014 that describe certain standards of human behaviour and are regularly protected as natural and legal rights in municipal and international law.
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Institute for Information on the Crimes of Communism
The Institute for Information on the Crimes of Communism (IICC) (Upplysning om kommunismen, UOK) is a Sweden-based non-profit and non-governmental human rights organization, founded in 2008, with the stated purpose of "spreading essential information on the crimes of communism and to promote vigilance against all totalitarian ideologies and antidemocratic movements".
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Institute for the Investigation of Communist Crimes in Romania
The Institute for the Investigation of Communist Crimes in Romania (Institutul de Investigare a Crimelor Comunismului în România) is a government-sponsored organization whose mission is to investigate the crimes and abuses conducted while Romania was under communist rule, prior to December 1989.
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Institute for the Study of Totalitarian Regimes
The Institute for the Study of Totalitarian Regimes (Ústav pro studium totalitních režimů) is a Czech government agency and research institute, founded by the Czech government in 2007.
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Institute of National Remembrance
The Institute of National Remembrance – Commission for the Prosecution of Crimes against the Polish Nation (Instytut Pamięci Narodowej – Komisja Ścigania Zbrodni przeciwko Narodowi Polskiemu; IPN) is a Polish government-affiliated research institute with lustration prerogatives, as well as prosecution powers.
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International law
International law is the set of rules generally regarded and accepted as binding in relations between states and between nations.
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KGB
The KGB, an initialism for Komitet gosudarstvennoy bezopasnosti (p), translated in English as Committee for State Security, was the main security agency for the Soviet Union from 1954 until its break-up in 1991.
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Lustration in Poland
Lustration in Poland refers to the policy of limiting the participation of former communists, and especially informants of the communist secret police (from the years 1944–90), in the successor governments or even in civil service positions.
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Main Directorate of Information of the Polish Army
Główny Zarząd Informacji Wojska Polskiego (GZI WP - "Main Directorate of Information of the Polish Army"), was a name of a first military Police and counter-espionage organ of the Polish People's Army in communist Poland during and after World War II.
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Milicja Obywatelska
Milicja Obywatelska (Citizens' Militia or Civic Militia) was the national police of the People's Republic of Poland.
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Ministry of Public Security (Poland)
The Ministry of Public Security of Poland (Ministerstwo Bezpieczeństwa Publicznego or MBP) was a postwar communist, secret police, intelligence and counter-espionage service operating from 1945 to 1954 under minister for Public Security general (Generał brygady) Stanisław Radkiewicz, and supervised by Jakub Berman of the Politburo.
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Nazi crime
Nazi crime or Hitlerite crime (Zbrodnia nazistowska or zbrodnia hitlerowska) is a legal concept used in some legal systems (for example in Polish law).
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NKVD
The People's Commissariat for Internal Affairs (Народный комиссариат внутренних дел, Narodnyy Komissariat Vnutrennikh Del), abbreviated NKVD (НКВД), was the interior ministry of the Soviet Union.
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Office for the Documentation and the Investigation of the Crimes of Communism
The Office of the Documentation and the Investigation of the Crimes of Communism (Úřad dokumentace a vyšetřování zločinů komunismu, abbrev. ÚDV) is the Czech police subdivision which investigated criminal acts from 1948 to 1989 which were unsolvable for political reasons during the Czechoslovak communist regime.
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Official
An official is someone who holds an office (function or mandate, regardless whether it carries an actual working space with it) in an organization or government and participates in the exercise of authority (either their own or that of their superior and/or employer, public or legally private).
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Poland
Poland (Polska), officially the Republic of Poland (Rzeczpospolita Polska), is a country located in Central Europe.
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Polish Penal Code
Kodeks Karny is Poland's criminal-law code.
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Polish People's Republic
The Polish People's Republic (Polska Rzeczpospolita Ludowa, PRL) covers the history of contemporary Poland between 1952 and 1990 under the Soviet-backed socialist government established after the Red Army's release of its territory from German occupation in World War II.
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Political repression
Political repression is the persecution of an individual or group within society for political reasons, particularly for the purpose of restricting or preventing their ability to take part in the political life of a society thereby reducing their standing among their fellow citizens.
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Prosecutor
A prosecutor is a legal representative of the prosecution in countries with either the common law adversarial system, or the civil law inquisitorial system.
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Research institute
A research institute or research center is an establishment founded for doing research.
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Revolutions of 1989
The Revolutions of 1989 formed part of a revolutionary wave in the late 1980s and early 1990s that resulted in the end of communist rule in Central and Eastern Europe and beyond.
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Służba Bezpieczeństwa
The Służba Bezpieczeństwa Ministerstwa Spraw Wewnętrznych (Security Service of the Ministry of Internal Affairs; Polish abbreviations: SB and MSW, respectively), commonly known as Esbecja, was established in the People's Republic of Poland in 1956.
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SMERSH
SMERSH (СМЕРШ) was an umbrella organisation for three independent counter-intelligence agencies in the Red Army formed in late 1942 or even earlier, but officially announced only on 14 April 1943.
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Soviet invasion of Poland
The Soviet invasion of Poland was a Soviet Union military operation that started without a formal declaration of war on 17 September 1939.
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Stalinism
Stalinism is the means of governing and related policies implemented from the 1920s to 1953 by Joseph Stalin (1878–1953).
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Stasi
The Ministry for State Security (Ministerium für Staatssicherheit, MfS) or State Security Service (Staatssicherheitsdienst, SSD), commonly known as the Stasi, was the official state security service of the German Democratic Republic (East Germany).
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Statute of limitations
Statutes of limitations are laws passed by legislative bodies in common law systems to set the maximum time after an event within which legal proceedings may be initiated.
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The Black Book of Communism
The Black Book of Communism: Crimes, Terror, Repression is a 1997 book by Stéphane Courtois, Nicolas Werth, Andrzej Paczkowski and several other European academics documenting a history of political repressions by Communist states, including genocides, extrajudicial executions, deportations, killing population in labor camps and artificially created famines.
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Thick line
The thick line policy (Polish: gruba kreska, thick stroke, or gruba linia, thick line) was the term used by prime minister of Poland, Tadeusz Mazowiecki, in his first parliamentary speech in Sejm, in 1989.
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Uroczysko Baran killing fields
The Uroczysko Baran killing fields (miejsce zbrodni Uroczysko Baran), often referred to in Poland as the "Little Katyn" or the "Second Katyn", was the location for secret executions of soldiers and officers of the Polish Underground State carried out by Communist forces on behalf of the NKVD, SMERSH, PUBP, and (the Soviet-formed) Second Army of Ludowe Wojsko Polskie in the later stages of World War II.
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War crime
A war crime is an act that constitutes a serious violation of the laws of war that gives rise to individual criminal responsibility.
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Redirects here:
Communist crime, Communist crime (Polish law), Communist crimes, Communist crimes (Polish law), Communist crimes (legal concept), Communist crimes in Polish legal system, Stalinist crime.
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Communist_crimes_(Polish_legal_concept)
