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186 relations: Adaptive behavior, Albert-László Barabási, Alfred Hübler, Andreas Wagner, Ant, Anthropology, Arthur Iberall, Austrian School, Axon, Biological network, Biological organisation, Biology, Biosphere, Brian J. Enquist, Butterfly effect, Cascading failure, César Hidalgo, Cell (biology), Cellular automaton, Cerebral cortex, Chaos theory, Chemist, Chemistry, Christopher Alexander, Circuit (computer science), City, Climate, Cognitive science, Community, Complete graph, Complex, Complex adaptive system, Complex network, Complexity, Complexity (disambiguation), Complexity economics, Computer science, Conway's Game of Life, Cosma Shalizi, Coupling, Cristopher Moore, Crystal, Cybernetics, Damping ratio, Dave Snowden, David Krakauer (scientist), David Pines, David Wolpert, Decision Intelligence, Determinism, ..., Differential equation, Dispersed knowledge, Dissipative system, Dual-phase evolution, Duncan J. Watts, Dynamical system, Dynamical systems theory, Economic calculation problem, Economic Complexity Index, Economics, Ecosystem, Edgar Morin, Edge of chaos, Embryo, Emergence, Encyclopedia of Earth, Encyclopedia of Life Support Systems, Enterprise systems engineering, Feedback, Fractal, Friedrich Hayek, Future Combat Systems, Gene, Gene regulatory network, Generative science, Geoffrey West, George Cowan, Graph (discrete mathematics), Graph theory, Gregory Bateson, Harold J. Morowitz, Hartree–Fock method, Harvard University, Henri Poincaré, Herbert L. Anderson, Herd behavior, Homeokinetics, Human brain, Hysteresis, Ilya Prigogine, Immune system, Information theory, Interdependent networks, Intermolecular force, Invisible hand, J. Doyne Farmer, James Hartle, Jay Wright Forrester, Jerry Sabloff, John Henry Holland, Joshua M. Epstein, Karl Popper, Kenneth Arrow, Keynesian economics, List of Nobel laureates, Logic gate, Lorenz system, Luís Amaral, Ludwig von Bertalanffy, Luis M. Rocha, Manufacturing, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Mathematics, Melanie Mitchell, Mergers and acquisitions, Meteorology, Mixed reality, Multi-agent system, Murray Gell-Mann, Network science, Network theory, Neural network, Nigel Goldenfeld, Non-equilibrium thermodynamics, Nonlinear system, Open system (systems theory), Organism, Organization, Parametrization, Pattern-oriented modeling, Paul Cilliers, Per Bak, Percolation, Percolation theory, Person, Phase space, Philip Warren Anderson, Physics, Political party, Process architecture, Psychology, Quadratic growth, Reductionism, Reinforcement, Ricardo Hausmann, Robert Axelrod, Robert May, Baron May of Oxford, Robert McCormick Adams Jr., Samuel Bowles (economist), Santa Fe Institute, Scale-free network, Scientific modelling, Scottish Enlightenment, Self-organization, Sergei Starostin, Sidney Redner, Small-world network, Snowflake, Social behavior, Social complexity, Social system, Sociology, Spontaneous order, Statistical physics, Stephen Wolfram, Steven Strogatz, Stock market, Stuart Kauffman, Symmetry, Synergetics (Haken), System, System dynamics, System equivalence, Systems theory, Systems theory in anthropology, Termite, The Observatory of Economic Complexity, Thermodynamic equilibrium, Thermodynamics, UNESCO, Universe, Volatility, uncertainty, complexity and ambiguity, W. Brian Arthur, Walter Clemens, Warren Weaver, Yaneer Bar-Yam. Expand index (136 more) »
Adaptive behavior
Adaptive behavior refers to behavior that enables a person (usually used in the context of children) to get along in his or her environment with greatest success and least conflict with others.
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Albert-László Barabási
Albert-László Barabási (born March 30, 1967) is a Romanian-born Hungarian-American physicist, best known for his work in the research of network theory.
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Alfred Hübler
Alfred Wilhelm Hübler (May 16, 1957 – January 27, 2018) was a German-born research physicist at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign (UIUC) Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory as well as a tenured faculty member in the University Illinois Department of Physics.
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Andreas Wagner
Andreas Wagner (born 26 January 1967) is an Austrian/US evolutionary biologist and professor at the University of Zürich, Switzerland.
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Ant
Ants are eusocial insects of the family Formicidae and, along with the related wasps and bees, belong to the order Hymenoptera.
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Anthropology
Anthropology is the study of humans and human behaviour and societies in the past and present.
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Arthur Iberall
Arthur S. Iberall (June 12, 1918 – December 8, 2002) was an American physicist/hydrodynamicist and engineer who pioneered homeokinetics, the physics of complex, self-organizing systems.
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Austrian School
The Austrian School is a school of economic thought that is based on methodological individualism—the concept that social phenomena result from the motivations and actions of individuals.
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Axon
An axon (from Greek ἄξων áxōn, axis) or nerve fiber, is a long, slender projection of a nerve cell, or neuron, that typically conducts electrical impulses known as action potentials, away from the nerve cell body.
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Biological network
A biological network is any network that applies to biological systems.
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Biological organisation
Biological organization is the hierarchy of complex biological structures and systems that define life using a reductionistic approach.
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Biology
Biology is the natural science that studies life and living organisms, including their physical structure, chemical composition, function, development and evolution.
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Biosphere
The biosphere (from Greek βίος bíos "life" and σφαῖρα sphaira "sphere") also known as the ecosphere (from Greek οἶκος oîkos "environment" and σφαῖρα), is the worldwide sum of all ecosystems.
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Brian J. Enquist
Brian Joseph Enquist (born 1969) is an American biologist and academic.
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Butterfly effect
In chaos theory, the butterfly effect is the sensitive dependence on initial conditions in which a small change in one state of a deterministic nonlinear system can result in large differences in a later state.
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Cascading failure
A cascading failure is a process in a system of interconnected parts in which the failure of one or few parts can trigger the failure of other parts and so on.
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César Hidalgo
César A. Hidalgo (born December 22, 1979) is a Chilean statistical physicist, writer, and data visualization designer.
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Cell (biology)
The cell (from Latin cella, meaning "small room") is the basic structural, functional, and biological unit of all known living organisms.
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Cellular automaton
A cellular automaton (pl. cellular automata, abbrev. CA) is a discrete model studied in computer science, mathematics, physics, complexity science, theoretical biology and microstructure modeling.
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Cerebral cortex
The cerebral cortex is the largest region of the cerebrum in the mammalian brain and plays a key role in memory, attention, perception, cognition, awareness, thought, language, and consciousness.
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Chaos theory
Chaos theory is a branch of mathematics focusing on the behavior of dynamical systems that are highly sensitive to initial conditions.
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Chemist
A chemist (from Greek chēm (ía) alchemy; replacing chymist from Medieval Latin alchimista) is a scientist trained in the study of chemistry.
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Chemistry
Chemistry is the scientific discipline involved with compounds composed of atoms, i.e. elements, and molecules, i.e. combinations of atoms: their composition, structure, properties, behavior and the changes they undergo during a reaction with other compounds.
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Christopher Alexander
Christopher Wolfgang Alexander (born 4 October 1936 in Vienna, Austria) is a widely influential architect and design theorist, and currently emeritus professor at the University of California, Berkeley.
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Circuit (computer science)
In theoretical computer science, a circuit is a model of computation in which input values proceed through a sequence of gates, each of which computes a function.
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City
A city is a large human settlement.
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Climate
Climate is the statistics of weather over long periods of time.
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Cognitive science
Cognitive science is the interdisciplinary, scientific study of the mind and its processes.
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Community
A community is a small or large social unit (a group of living things) that has something in common, such as norms, religion, values, or identity.
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Complete graph
No description.
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Complex
Complex may refer to.
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Complex adaptive system
A complex adaptive system is a system in which a perfect understanding of the individual parts does not automatically convey a perfect understanding of the whole system's behavior.
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Complex network
In the context of network theory, a complex network is a graph (network) with non-trivial topological features—features that do not occur in simple networks such as lattices or random graphs but often occur in graphs modelling of real systems.
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Complexity
Complexity characterises the behaviour of a system or model whose components interact in multiple ways and follow local rules, meaning there is no reasonable higher instruction to define the various possible interactions.
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Complexity (disambiguation)
Complexity, in general usage, tends to be used to characterize something with many parts in intricate arrangement.
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Complexity economics
Complexity economics is the application of complexity science to the problems of economics.
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Computer science
Computer science deals with the theoretical foundations of information and computation, together with practical techniques for the implementation and application of these foundations.
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Conway's Game of Life
The Game of Life, also known simply as Life, is a cellular automaton devised by the British mathematician John Horton Conway in 1970.
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Cosma Shalizi
Cosma Rohilla Shalizi (born February 28, 1974) is an associate professor in the Department of Statistics at Carnegie Mellon University in Pittsburgh.
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Coupling
A coupling is a device used to connect two shafts together at their ends for the purpose of transmitting power.
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Cristopher Moore
Cristopher David Moore, known as Cris Moore, (born March 12, 1968 in New Brunswick, New Jersey), retrieved 2012-03-10.
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Crystal
A crystal or crystalline solid is a solid material whose constituents (such as atoms, molecules, or ions) are arranged in a highly ordered microscopic structure, forming a crystal lattice that extends in all directions.
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Cybernetics
Cybernetics is a transdisciplinary approach for exploring regulatory systems—their structures, constraints, and possibilities.
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Damping ratio
Damping is an influence within or upon an oscillatory system that has the effect of reducing, restricting or preventing its oscillations.
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Dave Snowden
David John Snowden (born 1954) is a Welsh management consultant and researcher in the field of knowledge management.
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David Krakauer (scientist)
David Krakauer (born December 28, 1967) is an American evolutionary biologist, and President and William H. Miller Professor of Complex Systems at the Santa Fe Institute.
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David Pines
David Pines (June 8, 1924 May 3, 2018) was the founding director of the Institute for Complex Adaptive Matter (ICAM) and the International Institute for Complex Adaptive Matter (I2CAM) (respectively, US-wide and international institutions dedicated to research in and the understanding of emergent phenomena), distinguished professor of physics, University of California, Davis, research professor of physics and professor emeritus of physics and electrical and computer engineering in the Center for Advanced Study, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign (UIUC), and a staff member in the office of the Materials, Physics, and Applications Division at the Los Alamos National Laboratory.
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David Wolpert
David H. Wolpert is an American mathematician, physicist and computer scientist.
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Decision Intelligence
Decision intelligence is a framework that unifies a number of best practices for organizational decision making.
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Determinism
Determinism is the philosophical theory that all events, including moral choices, are completely determined by previously existing causes.
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Differential equation
A differential equation is a mathematical equation that relates some function with its derivatives.
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Dispersed knowledge
Dispersed knowledge in economics is the notion that no single agent has information as to all of the factors which influence prices and production throughout the system.
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Dissipative system
A dissipative system is a thermodynamically open system which is operating out of, and often far from, thermodynamic equilibrium in an environment with which it exchanges energy and matter.
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Dual-phase evolution
Dual phase evolution (DPE) is a process that drives self-organization within complex adaptive systems.
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Duncan J. Watts
Duncan James Watts (born 1971) is a sociologist and principal researcher at Microsoft Research, New York City known for his work on small-world networks.
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Dynamical system
In mathematics, a dynamical system is a system in which a function describes the time dependence of a point in a geometrical space.
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Dynamical systems theory
Dynamical systems theory is an area of mathematics used to describe the behavior of the complex dynamical systems, usually by employing differential equations or difference equations.
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Economic calculation problem
The economic calculation problem is a criticism of using economic planning as a substitute for market-based allocation of the factors of production.
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Economic Complexity Index
The Economic Complexity Index (ECI) is a holistic measure of the production characteristics of large economic systems, usually whole countries.
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Economics
Economics is the social science that studies the production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services.
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Ecosystem
An ecosystem is a community made up of living organisms and nonliving components such as air, water, and mineral soil.
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Edgar Morin
Edgar Morin (born Edgar Nahoum on 8 July 1921) is a French philosopher and sociologist who has been internationally recognized for his work on complexity and "complex thought" (pensée complexe), and for his scholarly contributions to such diverse fields as media studies, politics, sociology, visual anthropology, ecology, education, and systems biology.
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Edge of chaos
The term edge of chaos is used to denote a transition space between order and disorder that is hypothesized to exist within a wide variety of systems.
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Embryo
An embryo is an early stage of development of a multicellular diploid eukaryotic organism.
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Emergence
In philosophy, systems theory, science, and art, emergence occurs when "the whole is greater than the sum of the parts," meaning the whole has properties its parts do not have.
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Encyclopedia of Earth
The Encyclopedia of Earth (abbreviated EoE) is an electronic reference about the Earth, its natural environments, and their interaction with society.
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Encyclopedia of Life Support Systems
The Encyclopedia of Life Support Systems (EOLSS) is an encyclopedia on the science of sustainable development and conservation of life support systems on earth.
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Enterprise systems engineering
Enterprise systems engineering (ESE) is the discipline that applies systems engineering to the design of an enterprise.
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Feedback
Feedback occurs when outputs of a system are routed back as inputs as part of a chain of cause-and-effect that forms a circuit or loop.
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Fractal
In mathematics, a fractal is an abstract object used to describe and simulate naturally occurring objects.
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Friedrich Hayek
Friedrich August von Hayek (8 May 189923 March 1992), often referred to by his initials F. A. Hayek, was an Austrian-British economist and philosopher best known for his defense of classical liberalism.
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Future Combat Systems
Future Combat Systems (FCS) was the United States Army's principal modernization program from 2003 to early 2009.
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Gene
In biology, a gene is a sequence of DNA or RNA that codes for a molecule that has a function.
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Gene regulatory network
A gene (or genetic) regulatory network (GRN) is a collection of molecular regulators that interact with each other and with other substances in the cell to govern the gene expression levels of mRNA and proteins.
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Generative science
Generative science is an area of research that explores the natural world and its complex behaviours.
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Geoffrey West
Geoffrey Brian West (born 15 December 1940) is a British theoretical physicist, former president and distinguished professor of the Santa Fe Institute.
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George Cowan
George A. Cowan (February 15, 1920 – April 20, 2012) was an American physical chemist, a businessman and philanthropist.
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Graph (discrete mathematics)
In mathematics, and more specifically in graph theory, a graph is a structure amounting to a set of objects in which some pairs of the objects are in some sense "related".
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Graph theory
In mathematics, graph theory is the study of graphs, which are mathematical structures used to model pairwise relations between objects.
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Gregory Bateson
Gregory Bateson (9 May 1904 – 4 July 1980) was an English anthropologist, social scientist, linguist, visual anthropologist, semiotician, and cyberneticist whose work intersected that of many other fields.
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Harold J. Morowitz
Harold Joseph Morowitz (December 4, 1927 – March 22, 2016) was an American biophysicist who studied the application of thermodynamics to living systems.
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Hartree–Fock method
In computational physics and chemistry, the Hartree–Fock (HF) method is a method of approximation for the determination of the wave function and the energy of a quantum many-body system in a stationary state.
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Harvard University
Harvard University is a private Ivy League research university in Cambridge, Massachusetts.
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Henri Poincaré
Jules Henri Poincaré (29 April 1854 – 17 July 1912) was a French mathematician, theoretical physicist, engineer, and philosopher of science.
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Herbert L. Anderson
Herbert Lawrence Anderson (May 24, 1914 – July 16, 1988) was a Jewish American nuclear physicist who contributed to the Manhattan Project.
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Herd behavior
Herd behavior describes how individuals in a group can act collectively without centralized direction.
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Homeokinetics
Homeokinetics is the study of self-organizing, complex systems.
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Human brain
The human brain is the central organ of the human nervous system, and with the spinal cord makes up the central nervous system.
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Hysteresis
Hysteresis is the dependence of the state of a system on its history.
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Ilya Prigogine
Viscount Ilya Romanovich Prigogine (Илья́ Рома́нович Приго́жин; 28 May 2003) was a physical chemist and Nobel laureate noted for his work on dissipative structures, complex systems, and irreversibility.
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Immune system
The immune system is a host defense system comprising many biological structures and processes within an organism that protects against disease.
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Information theory
Information theory studies the quantification, storage, and communication of information.
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Interdependent networks
The study of interdependent networks is a subfield of network science dealing with phenomena caused by the interactions between complex networks.
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Intermolecular force
Intermolecular forces (IMF) are the forces which mediate interaction between molecules, including forces of attraction or repulsion which act between molecules and other types of neighboring particles, e.g., atoms or ions.
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Invisible hand
The invisible hand is a term used by Adam Smith to describe the unintended social benefits of an individual's self-interested actions.
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J. Doyne Farmer
J.
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James Hartle
James Burkett Hartle (August 20, 1939) is an American physicist.
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Jay Wright Forrester
Jay Wright Forrester (July 14, 1918 – November 16, 2016) was a pioneering American computer engineer and systems scientist.
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Jerry Sabloff
Jeremy "Jerry" Arac Sabloff (born 1944) is an American anthropologist and past president of the Santa Fe Institute.
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John Henry Holland
John Henry Holland (February 2, 1929 – August 9, 2015) was an American scientist and Professor of psychology and Professor of electrical engineering and computer science at the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor.
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Joshua M. Epstein
Joshua M. Epstein is Professor of Epidemiology at the New York University College of Global Public Health.
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Karl Popper
Sir Karl Raimund Popper (28 July 1902 – 17 September 1994) was an Austrian-British philosopher and professor.
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Kenneth Arrow
Kenneth Joseph "Ken" Arrow (23 August 1921 – 21 February 2017) was an American economist, mathematician, writer, and political theorist.
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Keynesian economics
Keynesian economics (sometimes called Keynesianism) are the various macroeconomic theories about how in the short run – and especially during recessions – economic output is strongly influenced by aggregate demand (total demand in the economy).
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List of Nobel laureates
The Nobel Prizes (Nobelpriset, Nobelprisen) are prizes awarded annually by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, the Swedish Academy, the Karolinska Institutet, and the Norwegian Nobel Committee to individuals and organizations who make outstanding contributions in the fields of chemistry, physics, literature, peace, and physiology or medicine.
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Logic gate
In electronics, a logic gate is an idealized or physical device implementing a Boolean function; that is, it performs a logical operation on one or more binary inputs and produces a single binary output.
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Lorenz system
The Lorenz system is a system of ordinary differential equations first studied by Edward Lorenz.
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Luís Amaral
Luís A. N. Amaral is a Portuguese physicist recognized for his research in complex systems and complex networks.
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Ludwig von Bertalanffy
Karl Ludwig von Bertalanffy (19 September 1901 – 12 June 1972) was an Austrian biologist known as one of the founders of general systems theory (GST).
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Luis M. Rocha
Luis M. Rocha is a Professor and director of the graduate Program in Informatics, member of the Indiana University Network Science Institute, and core faculty of the Cognitive Science Program at Indiana University, Bloomington, USA.
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Manufacturing
Manufacturing is the production of merchandise for use or sale using labour and machines, tools, chemical and biological processing, or formulation.
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Massachusetts Institute of Technology
The Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) is a private research university located in Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States.
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Mathematics
Mathematics (from Greek μάθημα máthēma, "knowledge, study, learning") is the study of such topics as quantity, structure, space, and change.
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Melanie Mitchell
Melanie Mitchell is a professor of computer science at Portland State University.
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Mergers and acquisitions
Mergers and acquisitions (M&A) are transactions in which the ownership of companies, other business organizations, or their operating units are transferred or consolidated with other entities.
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Meteorology
Meteorology is a branch of the atmospheric sciences which includes atmospheric chemistry and atmospheric physics, with a major focus on weather forecasting.
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Mixed reality
Mixed reality (MR), sometimes referred to as hybrid reality, is the merging of real and virtual worlds to produce new environments and visualizations where physical and digital objects co-exist and interact in real time.
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Multi-agent system
A multi-agent system (MAS or "self-organized system") is a computerized system composed of multiple interacting intelligent agents.
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Murray Gell-Mann
Murray Gell-Mann (born September 15, 1929) is an American physicist who received the 1969 Nobel Prize in physics for his work on the theory of elementary particles.
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Network science
Network science is an academic field which studies complex networks such as telecommunication networks, computer networks, biological networks, cognitive and semantic networks, and social networks, considering distinct elements or actors represented by nodes (or vertices) and the connections between the elements or actors as links (or edges).
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Network theory
Network theory is the study of graphs as a representation of either symmetric relations or asymmetric relations between discrete objects.
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Neural network
The term neural network was traditionally used to refer to a network or circuit of neurons.
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Nigel Goldenfeld
Nigel Goldenfeld (born May 1, 1957) is a Swanlund Chair, Professor of Physics Department in the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign (UIUC), the director of the NASA Astrobiology Institute for Universal Biology, and the leader of the Biocomplexity group at Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology.
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Non-equilibrium thermodynamics
Non-equilibrium thermodynamics is a branch of thermodynamics that deals with physical systems that are not in thermodynamic equilibrium but can be described in terms of variables (non-equilibrium state variables) that represent an extrapolation of the variables used to specify the system in thermodynamic equilibrium.
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Nonlinear system
In mathematics and science, a nonlinear system is a system in which the change of the output is not proportional to the change of the input.
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Open system (systems theory)
An open system is a system that has external interactions.
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Organism
In biology, an organism (from Greek: ὀργανισμός, organismos) is any individual entity that exhibits the properties of life.
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Organization
An organization or organisation is an entity comprising multiple people, such as an institution or an association, that has a collective goal and is linked to an external environment.
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Parametrization
Parametrization (or parameterization; also parameterisation, parametrisation) is the process of finding parametric equations of a curve, a surface, or, more generally, a manifold or a variety, defined by an implicit equation.
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Pattern-oriented modeling
Pattern-oriented modeling (POM) is an approach to bottom-up complex systems analysis that was developed to model complex ecological and agent-based systems.
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Paul Cilliers
Friedrich Paul Cilliers (25 December 1956 – July 31, 2011) was a South-African philosopher, complexity researcher, and Professor in Complexity and Philosophy at the Stellenbosch University.
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Per Bak
Per Bak (December 8, 1948 – October 16, 2002) was a Danish theoretical physicist who coauthored the 1987 academic paper that coined the term "self-organized criticality.".
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Percolation
In physics, chemistry and materials science, percolation (from Latin percōlāre, "to filter" or "trickle through") refers to the movement and filtering of fluids through porous materials.
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Percolation theory
In statistical physics and mathematics, percolation theory describes the behaviour of connected clusters in a random graph.
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Person
A person is a being that has certain capacities or attributes such as reason, morality, consciousness or self-consciousness, and being a part of a culturally established form of social relations such as kinship, ownership of property, or legal responsibility.
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Phase space
In dynamical system theory, a phase space is a space in which all possible states of a system are represented, with each possible state corresponding to one unique point in the phase space.
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Philip Warren Anderson
Philip Warren Anderson (born December 13, 1923) is an American physicist and Nobel laureate.
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Physics
Physics (from knowledge of nature, from φύσις phýsis "nature") is the natural science that studies matterAt the start of The Feynman Lectures on Physics, Richard Feynman offers the atomic hypothesis as the single most prolific scientific concept: "If, in some cataclysm, all scientific knowledge were to be destroyed one sentence what statement would contain the most information in the fewest words? I believe it is that all things are made up of atoms – little particles that move around in perpetual motion, attracting each other when they are a little distance apart, but repelling upon being squeezed into one another..." and its motion and behavior through space and time and that studies the related entities of energy and force."Physical science is that department of knowledge which relates to the order of nature, or, in other words, to the regular succession of events." Physics is one of the most fundamental scientific disciplines, and its main goal is to understand how the universe behaves."Physics is one of the most fundamental of the sciences. Scientists of all disciplines use the ideas of physics, including chemists who study the structure of molecules, paleontologists who try to reconstruct how dinosaurs walked, and climatologists who study how human activities affect the atmosphere and oceans. Physics is also the foundation of all engineering and technology. No engineer could design a flat-screen TV, an interplanetary spacecraft, or even a better mousetrap without first understanding the basic laws of physics. (...) You will come to see physics as a towering achievement of the human intellect in its quest to understand our world and ourselves."Physics is an experimental science. Physicists observe the phenomena of nature and try to find patterns that relate these phenomena.""Physics is the study of your world and the world and universe around you." Physics is one of the oldest academic disciplines and, through its inclusion of astronomy, perhaps the oldest. Over the last two millennia, physics, chemistry, biology, and certain branches of mathematics were a part of natural philosophy, but during the scientific revolution in the 17th century, these natural sciences emerged as unique research endeavors in their own right. Physics intersects with many interdisciplinary areas of research, such as biophysics and quantum chemistry, and the boundaries of physics are not rigidly defined. New ideas in physics often explain the fundamental mechanisms studied by other sciences and suggest new avenues of research in academic disciplines such as mathematics and philosophy. Advances in physics often enable advances in new technologies. For example, advances in the understanding of electromagnetism and nuclear physics led directly to the development of new products that have dramatically transformed modern-day society, such as television, computers, domestic appliances, and nuclear weapons; advances in thermodynamics led to the development of industrialization; and advances in mechanics inspired the development of calculus.
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Political party
A political party is an organised group of people, often with common views, who come together to contest elections and hold power in government.
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Process architecture
Process architecture is the structural design of general process systems.
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Psychology
Psychology is the science of behavior and mind, including conscious and unconscious phenomena, as well as feeling and thought.
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Quadratic growth
In mathematics, a function or sequence is said to exhibit quadratic growth when its values are proportional to the square of the function argument or sequence position.
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Reductionism
Reductionism is any of several related philosophical ideas regarding the associations between phenomena which can be described in terms of other simpler or more fundamental phenomena.
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Reinforcement
In behavioral psychology, reinforcement is a consequence that will strengthen an organism's future behavior whenever that behavior is preceded by a specific antecedent stimulus.
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Ricardo Hausmann
Ricardo Hausmann (born 1956) is the current Director of the Center for International Development and a Professor of the Practice of Economic Development at the John F. Kennedy School of Government at Harvard University.
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Robert Axelrod
Robert Marshall Axelrod (born May 27, 1943) is an American political scientist.
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Robert May, Baron May of Oxford
Robert McCredie May, Baron May of Oxford, HonFAIB (born 8 January 1936) is an Australian scientist who has been Chief Scientific Adviser to the UK Government, President of the Royal Society, and a Professor at the University of Sydney and Princeton University.
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Robert McCormick Adams Jr.
Robert McCormick Adams Jr. (July 23, 1926 – January 27, 2018) was a U.S. anthropologist and Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution (1984-94).
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Samuel Bowles (economist)
Samuel Stebbins Bowles (born January 6, 1939), is an American economist and Professor Emeritus at the University of Massachusetts Amherst, where he continues to teach courses on microeconomics and the theory of institutions.
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Santa Fe Institute
The Santa Fe Institute (SFI) is an independent, nonprofit theoretical research institute located in Santa Fe (New Mexico, United States) and dedicated to the multidisciplinary study of the fundamental principles of complex adaptive systems, including physical, computational, biological, and social systems.
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Scale-free network
A scale-free network is a network whose degree distribution follows a power law, at least asymptotically.
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Scientific modelling
Scientific modelling is a scientific activity, the aim of which is to make a particular part or feature of the world easier to understand, define, quantify, visualize, or simulate by referencing it to existing and usually commonly accepted knowledge.
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Scottish Enlightenment
The Scottish Enlightenment (Scots Enlichtenment, Soillseachadh na h-Alba) was the period in 18th and early 19th century Scotland characterised by an outpouring of intellectual and scientific accomplishments.
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Self-organization
Self-organization, also called (in the social sciences) spontaneous order, is a process where some form of overall order arises from local interactions between parts of an initially disordered system.
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Sergei Starostin
Sergei Anatolyevich Starostin (Cyrillic: Серге́й Анато́льевич Ста́ростин, March 24, 1953 – September 30, 2005) was a Russian historical linguist and philologist, perhaps best known for his reconstructions of hypothetical proto-languages, including his work on the controversial Altaic theory, the formulation of the Dené–Caucasian hypothesis, and the proposal of a Borean language of still earlier date.
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Sidney Redner
Sidney Redner (born 1951) is a Canadian-born physicist, professor, and a resident faculty member at the Santa Fe Institute.
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Small-world network
A small-world network is a type of mathematical graph in which most nodes are not neighbors of one another, but the neighbors of any given node are likely to be neighbors of each other and most nodes can be reached from every other node by a small number of hops or steps.
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Snowflake
A snowflake is a single ice crystal that has achieved a sufficient size, and may have amalgamated with others, then falls through the Earth's atmosphere as snow.
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Social behavior
Social behavior is behavior among two or more organisms, typically from the same species.
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Social complexity
In sociology, social complexity is a conceptual framework used in the analysis of society.
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Social system
In sociology, a social system is the patterned network of relationships constituting a coherent whole that exist between individuals, groups, and institutions.
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Sociology
Sociology is the scientific study of society, patterns of social relationships, social interaction, and culture.
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Spontaneous order
Spontaneous order, also named self-organization in the hard sciences, is the spontaneous emergence of order out of seeming chaos.
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Statistical physics
Statistical physics is a branch of physics that uses methods of probability theory and statistics, and particularly the mathematical tools for dealing with large populations and approximations, in solving physical problems.
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Stephen Wolfram
Stephen Wolfram (born August 29, 1959) is a British-American computer scientist, physicist, and businessman.
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Steven Strogatz
Steven Henry Strogatz (born August 13, 1959) is an American mathematician and the Jacob Gould Schurman Professor of Applied Mathematics at Cornell University.
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Stock market
A stock market, equity market or share market is the aggregation of buyers and sellers (a loose network of economic transactions, not a physical facility or discrete entity) of stocks (also called shares), which represent ownership claims on businesses; these may include securities listed on a public stock exchange as well as those only traded privately.
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Stuart Kauffman
Stuart Alan Kauffman (born September 28, 1939) is an American medical doctor, theoretical biologist, and complex systems researcher who studies the origin of life on Earth.
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Symmetry
Symmetry (from Greek συμμετρία symmetria "agreement in dimensions, due proportion, arrangement") in everyday language refers to a sense of harmonious and beautiful proportion and balance.
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Synergetics (Haken)
Synergetics is an interdisciplinary science explaining the formation and self-organization of patterns and structures in open systems far from thermodynamic equilibrium.
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System
A system is a regularly interacting or interdependent group of items forming an integrated whole.
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System dynamics
System dynamics (SD) is an approach to understanding the nonlinear behaviour of complex systems over time using stocks, flows, internal feedback loops, table functions and time delays.
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System equivalence
In the systems sciences system equivalence is the behavior of a parameter or component of a system in a way similar to a parameter or component of a different system.
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Systems theory
Systems theory is the interdisciplinary study of systems.
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Systems theory in anthropology
Systems theory in anthropology is an interdisciplinary, non-representative, non-referential, and non-Cartesian approach that brings together natural and social sciences to understand society in its complexity.
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Termite
Termites are eusocial insects that are classified at the taxonomic rank of infraorder Isoptera, or as epifamily Termitoidae within the cockroach order Blattodea.
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The Observatory of Economic Complexity
The Observatory of Economic Complexity is a data visualization site for international trade data created by the Macro Connections group at the MIT Media Lab.
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Thermodynamic equilibrium
Thermodynamic equilibrium is an axiomatic concept of thermodynamics.
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Thermodynamics
Thermodynamics is the branch of physics concerned with heat and temperature and their relation to energy and work.
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UNESCO
The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO; Organisation des Nations unies pour l'éducation, la science et la culture) is a specialized agency of the United Nations (UN) based in Paris.
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Universe
The Universe is all of space and time and their contents, including planets, stars, galaxies, and all other forms of matter and energy.
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Volatility, uncertainty, complexity and ambiguity
VUCA is an acronym used to describe or to reflect on the volatility, uncertainty, complexity and ambiguity of general conditions and situations.
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W. Brian Arthur
William Brian Arthur (born 21 July 1946) is an economist credited with influencing and describing the modern theory of increasing returns.
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Walter Clemens
Walter C. Clemens, Jr. (born April 6, 1933 in Cincinnati, Ohio, United States) is an American political scientist best known for advancing complexity science as an approach to the study of international relations and comparative politics.
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Warren Weaver
Warren Weaver (July 17, 1894 – November 24, 1978) was an American scientist, mathematician, and science administrator.
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Yaneer Bar-Yam
Yaneer Bar-Yam (born 1959) is an American physicist, systems scientist, and founding president of the New England Complex Systems Institute.
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Redirects here:
Chaotic complex system, Complex System, Complex Systems, Complex systems, Complex systems Theory, Complex systems theory, Complexity science, Describing Complex Systems.
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Complex_system
