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Computing

Index Computing

Computing is any goal-oriented activity requiring, benefiting from, or creating computers. [1]

154 relations: A Symbolic Analysis of Relay and Switching Circuits, Abacus, Abstraction, Accounting software, Algorithm, Android (operating system), Application software, Artificial language, Association for Computing Machinery, Babylon, Bijection, Boolean algebra, Business, C (programming language), C++, C. E. Wynn-Williams, Central processing unit, Circuit design, Claude Shannon, Communication protocol, Communications of the ACM, Compiler, Complex system, Computation, Computational complexity theory, Computational problem, Computational science, Computer, Computer engineering, Computer graphics (computer science), Computer hardware, Computer industry, Computer network, Computer network programming, Computer program, Computer programming, Computer science, Computer scientist, Computing platform, Consultant, Creative computing, Data, Data (computing), Debugging, Device driver, Digital electronics, Discipline (academia), DNA computing, DNA origami, Document file format, ..., E-commerce, Educational software, Electrical engineering, Electronic data processing, Electronic engineering, Electronics, Email, Engineering, Enterprise software, Ethernet, Execution (computing), Firmware, Friedrich L. Bauer, Function (engineering), Geographic information system, Graphics software, Hacker culture, History of computing hardware, Human, Human computer, Human–computer interaction, Hypertext, Information, Information infrastructure, Information system, Information technology, Instruction set architecture, Integrated circuit, Internet, Internet protocol suite, Java (programming language), Josephson effect, Killer application, Link layer, Linker (computing), Linux gaming, Lisp (programming language), List of computer term etymologies, Local area network, Machine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Mathematics, Mechanical computer, Media player (software), Microprocessor, Microsoft Office, Microsoft Windows, Middleware, Nanometre, NATO Software Engineering Conferences, Natural language, Nature Nanotechnology, Network topology, Number, Operating system, Personal computer, Physical Review Letters, Proceedings of the Royal Society, Process (computing), Product bundling, Productivity software, Profession, Programmer, Programming language, Programming language theory, Project management, Proof of concept, Python (programming language), Quantum algorithm, Quantum computing, Qubit, Rapid single flux quantum, Science, Scripting language, Semantics (computer science), Semiconductor, Server (computing), Service (economics), Software, Software analyst, Software crisis, Software design, Software developer, Software development, Software documentation, Software engineer, Software engineering, Software Engineering Body of Knowledge, Software maintenance, Software publisher, Source code, Supercomputer, Synonym, System administrator, System software, Technical support, Technological applications of superconductivity, Telecommunication, Telecommunications equipment, Terminology, Training, Utility software, Windowing system, World Wide Web. Expand index (104 more) »

A Symbolic Analysis of Relay and Switching Circuits

A Symbolic Analysis of Relay and Switching Circuits is the title of a master's thesis written by computer science pioneer Claude E. Shannon while attending the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) in 1937.

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Abacus

The abacus (plural abaci or abacuses), also called a counting frame, is a calculating tool that was in use in Europe, China and Russia, centuries before the adoption of the written Hindu–Arabic numeral system.

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Abstraction

Abstraction in its main sense is a conceptual process where general rules and concepts are derived from the usage and classification of specific examples, literal ("real" or "concrete") signifiers, first principles, or other methods.

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Accounting software

Accounting software describes a type of application software that records and processes accounting transactions within functional modules such as accounts payable, accounts receivable,journal, general ledger, payroll, and trial balance.

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Algorithm

In mathematics and computer science, an algorithm is an unambiguous specification of how to solve a class of problems.

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Android (operating system)

Android is a mobile operating system developed by Google, based on a modified version of the Linux kernel and other open source software and designed primarily for touchscreen mobile devices such as smartphones and tablets.

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Application software

An application software (app or application for short) is a computer software designed to perform a group of coordinated functions, tasks, or activities for the benefit of the user.

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Artificial language

Artificial languages are languages of a typically very limited size which emerge either in computer simulations between artificial agents, robot interactions or controlled psychological experiments with humans.

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Association for Computing Machinery

The Association for Computing Machinery (ACM) is an international learned society for computing.

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Babylon

Babylon (KA2.DIĜIR.RAKI Bābili(m); Aramaic: בבל, Babel; بَابِل, Bābil; בָּבֶל, Bavel; ܒܒܠ, Bāwēl) was a key kingdom in ancient Mesopotamia from the 18th to 6th centuries BC.

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Bijection

In mathematics, a bijection, bijective function, or one-to-one correspondence is a function between the elements of two sets, where each element of one set is paired with exactly one element of the other set, and each element of the other set is paired with exactly one element of the first set.

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Boolean algebra

In mathematics and mathematical logic, Boolean algebra is the branch of algebra in which the values of the variables are the truth values true and false, usually denoted 1 and 0 respectively.

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Business

Business is the activity of making one's living or making money by producing or buying and selling products (goods and services).

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C (programming language)

C (as in the letter ''c'') is a general-purpose, imperative computer programming language, supporting structured programming, lexical variable scope and recursion, while a static type system prevents many unintended operations.

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C++

C++ ("see plus plus") is a general-purpose programming language.

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C. E. Wynn-Williams

Charles Eryl Wynn-Williams (5 March 1903 – 30 August 1979), was a Welsh physicist, noted for his research on electronic instrumentation for use in nuclear physics.

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Central processing unit

A central processing unit (CPU) is the electronic circuitry within a computer that carries out the instructions of a computer program by performing the basic arithmetic, logical, control and input/output (I/O) operations specified by the instructions.

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Circuit design

The process of circuit design can cover systems ranging from complex electronic systems all the way down to the individual transistors within an integrated circuit.

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Claude Shannon

Claude Elwood Shannon (April 30, 1916 – February 24, 2001) was an American mathematician, electrical engineer, and cryptographer known as "the father of information theory".

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Communication protocol

In telecommunication, a communication protocol is a system of rules that allow two or more entities of a communications system to transmit information via any kind of variation of a physical quantity.

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Communications of the ACM

Communications of the ACM is the monthly journal of the Association for Computing Machinery (ACM).

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Compiler

A compiler is computer software that transforms computer code written in one programming language (the source language) into another programming language (the target language).

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Complex system

A complex system is a system composed of many components which may interact with each other.

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Computation

Computation is any type of calculation that includes both arithmetical and non-arithmetical steps and follows a well-defined model, for example an algorithm.

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Computational complexity theory

Computational complexity theory is a branch of the theory of computation in theoretical computer science that focuses on classifying computational problems according to their inherent difficulty, and relating those classes to each other.

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Computational problem

In theoretical computer science, a computational problem is a mathematical object representing a collection of questions that computers might be able to solve.

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Computational science

Computational science (also scientific computing or scientific computation (SC)) is a rapidly growing multidisciplinary field that uses advanced computing capabilities to understand and solve complex problems.

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Computer

A computer is a device that can be instructed to carry out sequences of arithmetic or logical operations automatically via computer programming.

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Computer engineering

Computer engineering is a discipline that integrates several fields of computer science and electronics engineering required to develop computer hardware and software.

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Computer graphics (computer science)

Computer graphics is a sub-field of Computer Science which studies methods for digitally synthesizing and manipulating visual content.

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Computer hardware

Computer hardware includes the physical parts or components of a computer, such as the central processing unit, monitor, keyboard, computer data storage, graphic card, sound card and motherboard.

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Computer industry

The computer or information technology, or IT industry is the range of businesses involved in designing computer hardware and computer networking infrastructures, developing computer software, manufacturing computer components, and providing information technology (IT) services.

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Computer network

A computer network, or data network, is a digital telecommunications network which allows nodes to share resources.

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Computer network programming

Computer network programming involves writing computer programs that enable processes to communicate with each other across a computer network.

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Computer program

A computer program is a collection of instructions for performing a specific task that is designed to solve a specific class of problems.

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Computer programming

Computer programming is the process of building and designing an executable computer program for accomplishing a specific computing task.

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Computer science

Computer science deals with the theoretical foundations of information and computation, together with practical techniques for the implementation and application of these foundations.

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Computer scientist

A computer scientist is a person who has acquired the knowledge of computer science, the study of the theoretical foundations of information and computation and their application.

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Computing platform

A computing platform or digital platform is the environment in which a piece of software is executed.

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Consultant

A consultant (from consultare "to deliberate") is a professional who provides expert advice in a particular area such as security (electronic or physical), management, education, accountancy, law, human resources, marketing (and public relations), finance, engineering, science or any of many other specialized fields.

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Creative computing

Creative computing covers the interdisciplinary area at the cross-over of the creative arts and computing.

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Data

Data is a set of values of qualitative or quantitative variables.

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Data (computing)

Data (treated as singular, plural, or as a mass noun) is any sequence of one or more symbols given meaning by specific act(s) of interpretation.

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Debugging

Debugging is the process of finding and resolving defects or problems within a computer program that prevent correct operation of computer software or a system.

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Device driver

In computing, a device driver is a computer program that operates or controls a particular type of device that is attached to a computer.

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Digital electronics

Digital electronics or digital (electronic) circuits are electronics that operate on digital signals.

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Discipline (academia)

An academic discipline or academic field is a branch of knowledge.

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DNA computing

DNA computing is a branch of computing which uses DNA, biochemistry, and molecular biology hardware, instead of the traditional silicon-based computer technologies.

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DNA origami

DNA origami is the nanoscale folding of DNA to create non-arbitrary two- and three-dimensional shapes at the nanoscale.

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Document file format

A document file format is a text or binary file format for storing documents on a storage media, especially for use by computers.

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E-commerce

E-commerce is the activity of buying or selling of products on online services or over the Internet.

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Educational software

Educational software is computer software, the primary purpose of which is teaching or self-learning.

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Electrical engineering

Electrical engineering is a professional engineering discipline that generally deals with the study and application of electricity, electronics, and electromagnetism.

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Electronic data processing

Electronic data processing (EDP) can refer to the use of automated methods to process commercial data.

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Electronic engineering

Electronic engineering (also called electronics and communications engineering) is an electrical engineering discipline which utilizes nonlinear and active electrical components (such as semiconductor devices, especially transistors, diodes and integrated circuits) to design electronic circuits, devices, VLSI devices and their systems.

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Electronics

Electronics is the discipline dealing with the development and application of devices and systems involving the flow of electrons in a vacuum, in gaseous media, and in semiconductors.

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Email

Electronic mail (email or e-mail) is a method of exchanging messages ("mail") between people using electronic devices.

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Engineering

Engineering is the creative application of science, mathematical methods, and empirical evidence to the innovation, design, construction, operation and maintenance of structures, machines, materials, devices, systems, processes, and organizations.

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Enterprise software

Enterprise software, also known as enterprise application software (EAS), is computer software used to satisfy the needs of an organization rather than individual users.

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Ethernet

Ethernet is a family of computer networking technologies commonly used in local area networks (LAN), metropolitan area networks (MAN) and wide area networks (WAN).

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Execution (computing)

Execution in computer and software engineering is the process by which a computer or a virtual machine performs the instructions of a computer program.

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Firmware

In electronic systems and computing, firmware is a specific class of computer software that provides the low-level control for the device's specific hardware.

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Friedrich L. Bauer

Friedrich Ludwig "Fritz" Bauer (10 June 1924 – 26 March 2015) was a German computer scientist and professor at the Technical University of Munich.

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Function (engineering)

In engineering, a function is interpreted as a specific process, action or task that a system is able to perform.

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Geographic information system

A geographic information system (GIS) is a system designed to capture, store, manipulate, analyze, manage, and present spatial or geographic data.

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Graphics software

In computer graphics, graphics software refers to a program or collection of programs that enable a person to manipulate images or models visually on a computer.

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Hacker culture

The hacker culture is a subculture of individuals who enjoy the intellectual challenge of creatively overcoming limitations of software systems to achieve novel and clever outcomes.

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History of computing hardware

The history of computing hardware covers the developments from early simple devices to aid calculation to modern day computers.

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Human

Humans (taxonomically Homo sapiens) are the only extant members of the subtribe Hominina.

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Human computer

The term "computer", in use from the early 17th century (the first known written reference dates from 1613), meant "one who computes": a person performing mathematical calculations, before electronic computers became commercially available.

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Human–computer interaction

Human–computer interaction (HCI) researches the design and use of computer technology, focused on the interfaces between people (users) and computers.

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Hypertext

Hypertext is text displayed on a computer display or other electronic devices with references (hyperlinks) to other text that the reader can immediately access, or where text can be revealed progressively at multiple levels of detail (also called StretchText).

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Information

Information is any entity or form that provides the answer to a question of some kind or resolves uncertainty.

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Information infrastructure

An information infrastructure is defined by Ole Hanseth (2002) as "an awesome shared, evolving, open, standardized, and heterogeneous installed base" and by Pironti (2006) as all of the people, processes, procedures, tools, facilities, and technology which supports the creation, use, transport, storage, and destruction of information.

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Information system

An information system (IS) is an organized system for the collection, organization, storage and communication of information.

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Information technology

Information technology (IT) is the use of computers to store, retrieve, transmit, and manipulate data, or information, often in the context of a business or other enterprise.

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Instruction set architecture

An instruction set architecture (ISA) is an abstract model of a computer.

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Integrated circuit

An integrated circuit or monolithic integrated circuit (also referred to as an IC, a chip, or a microchip) is a set of electronic circuits on one small flat piece (or "chip") of semiconductor material, normally silicon.

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Internet

The Internet is the global system of interconnected computer networks that use the Internet protocol suite (TCP/IP) to link devices worldwide.

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Internet protocol suite

The Internet protocol suite is the conceptual model and set of communications protocols used on the Internet and similar computer networks.

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Java (programming language)

Java is a general-purpose computer-programming language that is concurrent, class-based, object-oriented, and specifically designed to have as few implementation dependencies as possible.

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Josephson effect

The Josephson effect is the phenomenon of supercurrent—i.e. a current that flows indefinitely long without any voltage applied—across a device known as a Josephson junction (JJ), which consists of two superconductors coupled by a weak link.

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Killer application

In marketing terminology, a killer application (commonly shortened to killer app) is any computer program that is so necessary or desirable that it proves the core value of some larger technology, such as computer hardware, a gaming console, software, a programming language, a software platform, or an operating system.

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Link layer

In computer networking, the link layer is the lowest layer in the Internet Protocol Suite, the networking architecture of the Internet.

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Linker (computing)

In computing, a linker or link editor is a computer utility program that takes one or more object files generated by a compiler and combines them into a single executable file, library file, or another 'object' file.

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Linux gaming

Linux gaming refers to playing and developing video games for the Linux operating system, involving a Linux kernel–based operating system, often used for all computing tasks like surfing the web, office applications, desktop publishing, but also for gaming.

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Lisp (programming language)

Lisp (historically, LISP) is a family of computer programming languages with a long history and a distinctive, fully parenthesized prefix notation.

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List of computer term etymologies

This is a list of the origins of computer-related terms or terms used in the computing world (i.e., a list of computer term etymologies).

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Local area network

A local area network (LAN) is a computer network that interconnects computers within a limited area such as a residence, school, laboratory, university campus or office building.

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Machine

A machine uses power to apply forces and control movement to perform an intended action.

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Massachusetts Institute of Technology

The Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) is a private research university located in Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States.

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Mathematics

Mathematics (from Greek μάθημα máthēma, "knowledge, study, learning") is the study of such topics as quantity, structure, space, and change.

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Mechanical computer

A mechanical computer is built from mechanical components such as levers and gears, rather than electronic components.

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Media player (software)

A media player is a computer program for playing multimedia files like videos, movies and music.

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Microprocessor

A microprocessor is a computer processor that incorporates the functions of a central processing unit on a single integrated circuit (IC), or at most a few integrated circuits.

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Microsoft Office

Microsoft Office is a family of client software, server software, and services developed by Microsoft.

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Microsoft Windows

Microsoft Windows is a group of several graphical operating system families, all of which are developed, marketed, and sold by Microsoft.

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Middleware

Middleware is computer software that provides services to software applications beyond those available from the operating system.

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Nanometre

The nanometre (International spelling as used by the International Bureau of Weights and Measures; SI symbol: nm) or nanometer (American spelling) is a unit of length in the metric system, equal to one billionth (short scale) of a metre (m).

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NATO Software Engineering Conferences

The NATO Software Engineering Conferences were held in 1968 and 1969.

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Natural language

In neuropsychology, linguistics, and the philosophy of language, a natural language or ordinary language is any language that has evolved naturally in humans through use and repetition without conscious planning or premeditation.

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Nature Nanotechnology

Nature Nanotechnology is a monthly peer-reviewed scientific journal published by Nature Publishing Group.

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Network topology

Network topology is the arrangement of the elements (links, nodes, etc.) of a communication network.

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Number

A number is a mathematical object used to count, measure and also label.

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Operating system

An operating system (OS) is system software that manages computer hardware and software resources and provides common services for computer programs.

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Personal computer

A personal computer (PC) is a multi-purpose computer whose size, capabilities, and price make it feasible for individual use.

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Physical Review Letters

Physical Review Letters (PRL), established in 1958, is a peer-reviewed, scientific journal that is published 52 times per year by the American Physical Society.

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Proceedings of the Royal Society

Proceedings of the Royal Society is the parent title of two scientific journals published by the Royal Society.

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Process (computing)

In computing, a process is an instance of a computer program that is being executed.

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Product bundling

In marketing, product bundling is offering several products or services for sale as one combined product or service package.

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Productivity software

Productivity software (sometimes called personal productivity software or office productivity software) is application software dedicated to producing information, such as documents, presentations, worksheets, databases, charts, graphs, digital paintings, electronic music and digital video.

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Profession

A profession is a vocation founded upon specialized educational training, the purpose of which is to supply disinterested objective counsel and service to others, for a direct and definite compensation, wholly apart from expectation of other business gain.

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Programmer

A programmer, developer, dev, coder, or software engineer is a person who creates computer software.

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Programming language

A programming language is a formal language that specifies a set of instructions that can be used to produce various kinds of output.

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Programming language theory

Programming language theory (PLT) is a branch of computer science that deals with the design, implementation, analysis, characterization, and classification of programming languages and their individual features.

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Project management

Project management is the practice of initiating, planning, executing, controlling, and closing the work of a team to achieve specific goals and meet specific success criteria at the specified time.

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Proof of concept

Proof of concept (PoC) is a realization of a certain method or idea in order to demonstrate its feasibility, or a demonstration in principle with the aim of verifying that some concept or theory has practical potential.

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Python (programming language)

Python is an interpreted high-level programming language for general-purpose programming.

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Quantum algorithm

In quantum computing, a quantum algorithm is an algorithm which runs on a realistic model of quantum computation, the most commonly used model being the quantum circuit model of computation.

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Quantum computing

Quantum computing is computing using quantum-mechanical phenomena, such as superposition and entanglement.

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Qubit

In quantum computing, a qubit or quantum bit (sometimes qbit) is a unit of quantum information—the quantum analogue of the classical binary bit.

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Rapid single flux quantum

In electronics, rapid single flux quantum (RSFQ) is a digital electronic device that uses superconducting devices, namely Josephson junctions, to process digital signals.

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Science

R. P. Feynman, The Feynman Lectures on Physics, Vol.1, Chaps.1,2,&3.

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Scripting language

A scripting or script language is a programming language that supports scripts: programs written for a special run-time environment that automate the execution of tasks that could alternatively be executed one-by-one by a human operator.

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Semantics (computer science)

In programming language theory, semantics is the field concerned with the rigorous mathematical study of the meaning of programming languages.

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Semiconductor

A semiconductor material has an electrical conductivity value falling between that of a conductor – such as copper, gold etc.

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Server (computing)

In computing, a server is a computer program or a device that provides functionality for other programs or devices, called "clients".

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Service (economics)

In economics, a service is a transaction in which no physical goods are transferred from the seller to the buyer.

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Software

Computer software, or simply software, is a generic term that refers to a collection of data or computer instructions that tell the computer how to work, in contrast to the physical hardware from which the system is built, that actually performs the work.

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Software analyst

In a software development team, a software analyst is the person who studies the software application domain, prepares software requirements, and specification (Software Requirements Specification) documents.

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Software crisis

Software crisis is a term used in the early days of computing science for the difficulty of writing useful and efficient computer programs in the required time.

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Software design

Software design is the process by which an agent creates a specification of a software artifact, intended to accomplish goals, using a set of primitive components and subject to constraints.

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Software developer

A software developer is a person concerned with facets of the software development process, including the research, design, programming, and testing of computer software.

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Software development

Software development is the process of conceiving, specifying, designing, programming, documenting, testing, and bug fixing involved in creating and maintaining applications, frameworks, or other software components.

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Software documentation

Software documentation is written text or illustration that accompanies computer software or is embedded in the source code.

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Software engineer

A software engineer is a person who applies the principles of software engineering to the design, development, maintenance, testing, and evaluation of computer software.

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Software engineering

Software engineering is the application of engineering to the development of software in a systematic method.

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Software Engineering Body of Knowledge

The Software Engineering Body of Knowledge (SWEBOK) is an international standard ISO/IEC TR 19759:2005 specifying a guide to the generally accepted Software Engineering Body of Knowledge.

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Software maintenance

Software maintenance in software engineering is the modification of a software product after delivery to correct faults, to improve performance or other attributes.

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Software publisher

A software publisher is a publishing company in the software industry between the developer and the distributor.

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Source code

In computing, source code is any collection of code, possibly with comments, written using a human-readable programming language, usually as plain text.

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Supercomputer

A supercomputer is a computer with a high level of performance compared to a general-purpose computer.

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Synonym

A synonym is a word or phrase that means exactly or nearly the same as another word or phrase in the same language.

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System administrator

A system administrator, or sysadmin, is a person who is responsible for the upkeep, configuration, and reliable operation of computer systems; especially multi-user computers, such as servers.

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System software

System software is computer software designed to provide a platform to other software.

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Technical support

Technical support (often shortened to tech support) refers to a plethora of services by which enterprises provide assistance to users of technology products such as mobile phones, televisions, computers, software products or other informatic, electronic or mechanical goods.

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Technological applications of superconductivity

Some of the technological applications of superconductivity include.

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Telecommunication

Telecommunication is the transmission of signs, signals, messages, words, writings, images and sounds or information of any nature by wire, radio, optical or other electromagnetic systems.

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Telecommunications equipment

Telecommunications equipment (also telecoms equipment or communications equipment) is hardware used for the purposes of telecommunications.

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Terminology

Terminology is the study of terms and their use.

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Training

Training is teaching, or developing in oneself or others, any skills and knowledge that relate to specific useful competencies.

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Utility software

Utility software is system software designed to help analyze, configure, optimize or maintain a computer.

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Windowing system

In computing, a windowing system (or window system) is software that manages separately different parts of display screens.

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World Wide Web

The World Wide Web (abbreviated WWW or the Web) is an information space where documents and other web resources are identified by Uniform Resource Locators (URLs), interlinked by hypertext links, and accessible via the Internet.

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Redirects here:

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References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computing

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