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141 relations: Abdominal ultrasonography, Aberrant subclavian artery, Acyanotic heart defect, Alagille syndrome, Alcoholic drink, Anomalous pulmonary venous connection, Aortic stenosis, Apoptosis, Atresia, Atrial septal defect, Atrioventricular septal defect, Atrium (heart), Auscultation, Bicuspid aortic valve, Birth, Birth defect, Bulbus cordis, Cardiac surgery, Cardiofaciocutaneous syndrome, Cardiology, Cardiomyopathy, Chromosome 1, Chromosome 22, Chromosome 8, Chromosome abnormality, Coarctation of the aorta, Comparative genomic hybridization, Congenital Heart Surgeons' Society, Congenital vertebral anomaly, Costello syndrome, Cyanosis, Cyanotic heart defect, Dextro-Transposition of the great arteries, Dextrocardia, Diabetes mellitus, DiGeorge syndrome, Double aortic arch, Double inlet left ventricle, Double outlet right ventricle, Down syndrome, Ductus arteriosus, Ebstein's anomaly, Ectoderm, Edwards syndrome, Endocardial cushions, Esophageal atresia, Ethanol, Fetal echocardiography, Folate, Foramen ovale (heart), ..., GATA4, Gene family, Great vessels, Heart, Heart failure, Heart murmur, Heart transplantation, Heart valve, Holt–Oram syndrome, Homeobox, Homeobox protein Nkx-2.5, Hydantoin, Hypertension, Hypoplasia, Hypoplastic left heart syndrome, Hypoplastic right heart syndrome, Imperforate anus, Infection, Interatrial septum, Interrupted aortic arch, Interventional radiology, Interventricular septum, Iodine, JAG1, Kidney, Levo-Transposition of the great arteries, Limb (anatomy), Lithium, Locus (genetics), Lung, Lupus erythematosus, Marfan syndrome, Medication, Mesoderm, Mitogen-activated protein kinase, Mitral valve stenosis, MYH6, Myocyte, Neural crest, Noonan syndrome, Noonan syndrome with multiple lentigines, Notch 1, Notch 2, Notch signaling pathway, Obesity, Ontogeny, Overriding aorta, Overweight, Oxygen, Parathyroid gland, Patau syndrome, Patent ductus arteriosus, Pentalogy of Cantrell, Persistent truncus arteriosus, Phenylketonuria, Phylogenesis, Pregnancy, Prenatal testing, Prostaglandin, Pulmonary artery, Pulmonary atresia, Pulmonic stenosis, Radius (bone), Ras subfamily, Rhabdomyoma, Rubella, Rubella vaccine, Scimitar syndrome, Septum primum, Septum secundum, Shone's syndrome, Stenosis, Syncope (medicine), Syndrome, TBX1, TBX5 (gene), Tetralogy of Fallot, Thalidomide, Third-degree atrioventricular block, Thymus, Tobacco, Tracheoesophageal fistula, Transposition of the great vessels, Tricuspid atresia, Trisomy, Turner syndrome, VACTERL association, Vaginal ultrasonography, Ventricle (heart), Ventricular septal defect, Wolff–Parkinson–White syndrome. Expand index (91 more) »
Abdominal ultrasonography
Abdominal ultrasonography (also called abdominal ultrasound imaging or abdominal sonography) is a form of medical ultrasonography (medical application of ultrasound technology) to visualise abdominal anatomical structures.
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Aberrant subclavian artery
Aberrant subclavian artery, or aberrant subclavian artery syndrome, is a rare anatomical variant of the origin of the right or left subclavian artery.
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Acyanotic heart defect
An acyanotic heart defect, also known as non-cyanotic heart defect, is a class of congenital heart defects.
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Alagille syndrome
Alagille syndrome, Alagille-Watson syndrome or ALGS, is an autosomal dominant genetic disorder that affects the liver, heart, kidney, and other systems of the body.
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Alcoholic drink
An alcoholic drink (or alcoholic beverage) is a drink that contains ethanol, a type of alcohol produced by fermentation of grains, fruits, or other sources of sugar.
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Anomalous pulmonary venous connection
Anomalous pulmonary venous connection (or anomalous pulmonary venous drainage or anomalous pulmonary venous return) is a congenital defect of the pulmonary veins.
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Aortic stenosis
Aortic stenosis (AS or AoS) is the narrowing of the exit of the left ventricle of the heart (where the aorta begins), such that problems result.
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Apoptosis
Apoptosis (from Ancient Greek ἀπόπτωσις "falling off") is a process of programmed cell death that occurs in multicellular organisms.
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Atresia
Atresia is a condition in which an orifice or passage in the body is (usually abnormally) closed or absent.
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Atrial septal defect
Atrial septal defect (ASD) is a heart defect in which blood flows between the atria (upper chambers) of the heart.
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Atrioventricular septal defect
Atrioventricular septal defect (AVSD) or atrioventricular canal defect (AVCD), also known as "common atrioventricular canal" (CAVC) or "endocardial cushion defect" (ECD), is characterized by a deficiency of the atrioventricular septum of the heart.
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Atrium (heart)
The atrium is the upper chamber in which blood enters the heart.
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Auscultation
Auscultation (based on the Latin verb auscultare "to listen") is listening to the internal sounds of the body, usually using a stethoscope.
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Bicuspid aortic valve
Bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) is an inherited form of heart disease in which two of the leaflets of the aortic valve fuse during development in the womb resulting in a two-leaflet valve (bicuspid valve) instead of the normal three-leaflet valve (tricuspid).
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Birth
Birth is the act or process of bearing or bringing forth offspring.
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Birth defect
A birth defect, also known as a congenital disorder, is a condition present at birth regardless of its cause.
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Bulbus cordis
The bulbus cordis (the bulb of the heart) lies ventral to the primitive ventricle after the developing heart assumes its S-shaped form.
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Cardiac surgery
Cardiac surgery, or cardiovascular surgery, is surgery on the heart or great vessels performed by cardiac surgeons.
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Cardiofaciocutaneous syndrome
Cardiofaciocutaneous (CFC) syndrome is an extremely rare and serious genetic disorder.
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Cardiology
Cardiology (from Greek καρδίᾱ kardiā, "heart" and -λογία -logia, "study") is a branch of medicine dealing with disorders of the heart as well as parts of the circulatory system.
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Cardiomyopathy
Cardiomyopathy is a group of diseases that affect the heart muscle.
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Chromosome 1
Chromosome 1 is the designation for the largest human chromosome.
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Chromosome 22
Chromosome 22 is one of the 23 pairs of chromosomes in human cells.
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Chromosome 8
Chromosome 8 is one of the 23 pairs of chromosomes in humans.
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Chromosome abnormality
A chromosome abnormality, disorder, anomaly, aberration, or mutation is a missing, extra, or irregular portion of chromosomal DNA.
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Coarctation of the aorta
Coarctation of the aorta (CoA or CoAo), also called aortic narrowing, is a congenital condition whereby the aorta is narrow, usually in the area where the ductus arteriosus (ligamentum arteriosum after regression) inserts.
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Comparative genomic hybridization
Comparative genomic hybridization is a molecular cytogenetic method for analysing copy number variations (CNVs) relative to ploidy level in the DNA of a test sample compared to a reference sample, without the need for culturing cells.
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Congenital Heart Surgeons' Society
Congenital Heart Surgeons' Society (CHSS) is a professional membership organization of heart surgeons who specialize in treating congenital heart defects.
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Congenital vertebral anomaly
Congenital vertebral anomalies are a collection of malformations of the spine.
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Costello syndrome
Costello syndrome, also called faciocutaneoskeletal syndrome or FCS syndrome, is a rare genetic disorder that affects many parts of the body.
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Cyanosis
Cyanosis is defined as the bluish or purplish discolouration of the skin or mucous membranes due to the tissues near the skin surface having low oxygen saturation.
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Cyanotic heart defect
Cyanotic heart defect is a group-type of congenital heart defect (CHD) that occurs due to deoxygenated blood bypassing the lungs and entering the systemic circulation or a mixture of oxygenated and unoxygenated blood entering the systemic circulation.
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Dextro-Transposition of the great arteries
dextro-Transposition of the great arteries (d-Transposition of the great arteries, dextro-TGA, or d-TGA), sometimes also referred to as complete transposition of the great arteries, is a birth defect in the large arteries of the heart.
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Dextrocardia
Dextrocardia (from Latin dexter, meaning "right," and Greek kardia, meaning "heart") is a rare congenital condition in which the apex of the heart is located on the right side of the body.
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Diabetes mellitus
Diabetes mellitus (DM), commonly referred to as diabetes, is a group of metabolic disorders in which there are high blood sugar levels over a prolonged period.
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DiGeorge syndrome
DiGeorge syndrome, also known as 22q11.2 deletion syndrome, is a syndrome caused by the deletion of a small segment of chromosome 22.
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Double aortic arch
Double aortic arch (DAA) is a relatively rare congenital cardiovascular malformation.
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Double inlet left ventricle
A double inlet left ventricle (DILV) or "single ventricle", is a congenital heart defect appearing in 5 in newborns, where both the left atrium and the right atrium feed into the left ventricle.
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Double outlet right ventricle
Double outlet right ventricle (DORV) is a form of congenital heart disease where both of the great arteries connect (in whole or in part) to the right ventricle (RV).
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Down syndrome
Down syndrome (DS or DNS), also known as trisomy 21, is a genetic disorder caused by the presence of all or part of a third copy of chromosome 21.
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Ductus arteriosus
In the developing fetus, the ductus arteriosus, also called the ductus Botalli, is a blood vessel connecting the main pulmonary artery to the proximal descending aorta.
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Ebstein's anomaly
Ebstein's anomaly is a congenital heart defect in which the septal and posterior leaflets of the tricuspid valve are displaced towards the apex of the right ventricle of the heart.
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Ectoderm
Ectoderm is one of the three primary germ layers in the very early embryo.
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Edwards syndrome
Edwards syndrome, also known as trisomy 18, is a genetic disorder caused by the presence of all, or part of a third copy of chromosome 18.
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Endocardial cushions
Endocardial cushions, or atrioventricular cushions, refer to a subset of cells in the development of the heart that play a vital role in the proper formation of the heart septa.
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Esophageal atresia
Esophageal atresia is a congenital medical condition (birth defect) that affects the alimentary tract. It causes the esophagus to end in a blind-ended pouch rather than connecting normally to the stomach. It comprises a variety of congenital anatomic defects that are caused by an abnormal embryological development of the esophagus. It is characterized anatomically by a congenital obstruction of the esophagus with interruption of the continuity of the esophageal wall.
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Ethanol
Ethanol, also called alcohol, ethyl alcohol, grain alcohol, and drinking alcohol, is a chemical compound, a simple alcohol with the chemical formula.
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Fetal echocardiography
Fetal echocardiography is the name of the test used to diagnose cardiac conditions in the fetal stage.
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Folate
Folate, distinct forms of which are known as folic acid, folacin, and vitamin B9, is one of the B vitamins.
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Foramen ovale (heart)
In the fetal heart, the foramen ovale, also foramen Botalli, ostium secundum of Born or falx septi, allows blood to enter the left atrium from the right atrium.
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GATA4
Transcription factor GATA-4 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GATA4 gene.
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Gene family
A gene family is a set of several similar genes, formed by duplication of a single original gene, and generally with similar biochemical functions.
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Great vessels
Great vessels are the large vessels that bring blood to and from the heart.
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Heart
The heart is a muscular organ in most animals, which pumps blood through the blood vessels of the circulatory system.
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Heart failure
Heart failure (HF), often referred to as congestive heart failure (CHF), is when the heart is unable to pump sufficiently to maintain blood flow to meet the body's needs.
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Heart murmur
Heart murmurs are heart sounds produced when blood flows across one of the heart valves that are loud enough to be heard with a stethoscope.
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Heart transplantation
A heart transplant, or a cardiac transplant, is a surgical transplant procedure performed on patients with end-stage heart failure or severe coronary artery disease when other medical or surgical treatments have failed.
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Heart valve
A heart valve normally allows blood to flow in only one direction through the heart.
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Holt–Oram syndrome
Holt–Oram syndrome (also called atrio-digital syndrome, atriodigital dysplasia, cardiac-limb syndrome, heart-hand syndrome type 1, HOS, ventriculo-radial syndrome) is an autosomal dominant disorder that affects bones in the arms and hands (the upper limbs) and often causes heart problems.
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Homeobox
A homeobox is a DNA sequence, around 180 base pairs long, found within genes that are involved in the regulation of patterns of anatomical development (morphogenesis) in animals, fungi and plants.
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Homeobox protein Nkx-2.5
Homeobox protein Nkx-2.5 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the NKX2.5 gene.
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Hydantoin
Hydantoin, or glycolylurea, is a heterocyclic organic compound with the formula CH2C(O)NHC(O)NH.
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Hypertension
Hypertension (HTN or HT), also known as high blood pressure (HBP), is a long-term medical condition in which the blood pressure in the arteries is persistently elevated.
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Hypoplasia
Hypoplasia (from Ancient Greek ὑπo- hypo-, "under" + πλάσις plasis, "formation"; adjective form hypoplastic) is underdevelopment or incomplete development of a tissue or organ.
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Hypoplastic left heart syndrome
Hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS) is a rare congenital heart defect in which the left side of the heart is severely underdeveloped.
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Hypoplastic right heart syndrome
Hypoplastic right heart syndrome is a congenital heart defect in which the right atrium and right ventricle are underdeveloped.
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Imperforate anus
An imperforate anus or anorectal malformations (ARMs) are birth defects in which the rectum is malformed.
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Infection
Infection is the invasion of an organism's body tissues by disease-causing agents, their multiplication, and the reaction of host tissues to the infectious agents and the toxins they produce.
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Interatrial septum
The interatrial septum is the wall of tissue that separates the right and left atria of the heart.
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Interrupted aortic arch
Interrupted aortic arch is a very rare heart defect (affecting 3 per million live births) in which the aorta is not completely developed.
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Interventional radiology
Interventional radiology (IR), sometimes known as vascular and interventional radiology (VIR), is a medical specialty which provides minimally invasive image-guided diagnosis and treatment of disease.
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Interventricular septum
The interventricular septum (IVS, or ventricular septum, or during development septum inferius), is the stout wall separating the lower chambers (the ventricles) of the heart from one another.
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Iodine
Iodine is a chemical element with symbol I and atomic number 53.
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JAG1
Jagged1 (JAG1) is one of five cell surface proteins (ligands) that interact with 4 receptors in the mammalian Notch signaling pathway.
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Kidney
The kidneys are two bean-shaped organs present in left and right sides of the body in vertebrates.
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Levo-Transposition of the great arteries
Levo-Transposition of the great arteries (L-Transposition of the great arteries), also commonly referred to as congenitally corrected transposition of the great arteries (CC-TGA), is an acyanotic congenital heart defect (CHD) in which the primary arteries (the aorta and the pulmonary artery) are transposed, with the aorta anterior and to the left of the pulmonary artery; the morphological left and right ventricles with their corresponding atrioventricular valves are also transposed.
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Limb (anatomy)
A limb (from the Old English lim), or extremity, is a jointed, or prehensile (as octopus arms or new world monkey tails), appendage of the human or other animal body.
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Lithium
Lithium (from lit) is a chemical element with symbol Li and atomic number 3.
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Locus (genetics)
A locus (plural loci) in genetics is a fixed position on a chromosome, like the position of a gene or a marker (genetic marker).
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Lung
The lungs are the primary organs of the respiratory system in humans and many other animals including a few fish and some snails.
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Lupus erythematosus
Lupus erythematosus is a collection of autoimmune diseases in which the human immune system becomes hyperactive and attacks healthy tissues.
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Marfan syndrome
Marfan syndrome (MFS) is a genetic disorder of the connective tissue.
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Medication
A medication (also referred to as medicine, pharmaceutical drug, or simply drug) is a drug used to diagnose, cure, treat, or prevent disease.
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Mesoderm
In all bilaterian animals, the mesoderm is one of the three primary germ layers in the very early embryo.
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Mitogen-activated protein kinase
A mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK or MAP kinase) is a type of protein kinase that is specific to the amino acids serine and threonine (i.e., a serine/threonine-specific protein kinase).
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Mitral valve stenosis
Mitral stenosis is a valvular heart disease characterized by the narrowing of the orifice of the mitral valve of the heart.
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MYH6
Myosin heavy chain, α isoform (MHC-α) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MYH6 gene.
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Myocyte
A myocyte (also known as a muscle cell) is the type of cell found in muscle tissue.
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Neural crest
Neural crest cells are a temporary group of cells unique to chordates of the group Cristozoa that arise from the embryonic ectoderm cell layer, and in turn give rise to a diverse cell lineage—including melanocytes, craniofacial cartilage and bone, smooth muscle, peripheral and enteric neurons and glia.
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Noonan syndrome
Noonan syndrome (NS) is a relatively common autosomal dominant congenital disorder and is named after Jacqueline Noonan, a pediatric cardiologist.
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Noonan syndrome with multiple lentigines
Noonan syndrome with multiple lentigines (NSML) which is part of a group called Ras/MAPK pathway syndromes, is a rare autosomal dominant, multisystem disease caused by a mutation in the protein tyrosine phosphatase, non-receptor type 11 gene (PTPN11).
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Notch 1
Notch homolog 1, translocation-associated (Drosophila), also known as NOTCH1, is a human gene encoding a single-pass transmembrane receptor.
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Notch 2
Neurogenic locus notch homolog protein 2 also known as notch 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the NOTCH2 gene.
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Notch signaling pathway
The Notch signaling pathway is a highly conserved cell signaling system present in most multicellular organisms.
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Obesity
Obesity is a medical condition in which excess body fat has accumulated to the extent that it may have a negative effect on health.
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Ontogeny
Ontogeny (also ontogenesis or morphogenesis) is the origination and development of an organism, usually from the time of fertilization of the egg to the organism's mature form—although the term can be used to refer to the study of the entirety of an organism's lifespan.
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Overriding aorta
An overriding aorta is a congenital heart defect where the aorta is positioned directly over a ventricular septal defect (VSD), instead of over the left ventricle.
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Overweight
Being overweight or fat is having more body fat than is optimally healthy.
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Oxygen
Oxygen is a chemical element with symbol O and atomic number 8.
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Parathyroid gland
Parathyroid glands are small endocrine glands in the neck of humans and other tetrapods that produce parathyroid hormone.
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Patau syndrome
Patau syndrome is a syndrome caused by a chromosomal abnormality, in which some or all of the cells of the body contain extra genetic material from chromosome 13.
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Patent ductus arteriosus
Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) is a condition wherein the ductus arteriosus fails to close after birth.
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Pentalogy of Cantrell
Pentalogy of Cantrell (or thoraco-abdominal syndrome) is a rare syndrome that causes defects involving the diaphragm, abdominal wall, pericardium, heart and lower sternum.
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Persistent truncus arteriosus
Persistent truncus arteriosus (or patent truncus arteriosus or common arterial trunk), is a rare form of congenital heart disease that presents at birth.
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Phenylketonuria
Phenylketonuria (PKU) is an inborn error of metabolism that results in decreased metabolism of the amino acid phenylalanine.
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Phylogenesis
Phylogenesis (from Greek φῦλον phylon "tribe" + γένεσις genesis "origin") is the biological process by which a taxon (of any rank) appears.
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Pregnancy
Pregnancy, also known as gestation, is the time during which one or more offspring develops inside a woman.
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Prenatal testing
Prenatal testing consists of prenatal screening and prenatal diagnosis, which are aspects of prenatal care that focus on detecting problems with the pregnancy as early as possible.
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Prostaglandin
The prostaglandins (PG) are a group of physiologically active lipid compounds having diverse hormone-like effects in animals.
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Pulmonary artery
A pulmonary artery is an artery in the pulmonary circulation that carries deoxygenated blood from the right side of the heart to the lungs.
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Pulmonary atresia
Pulmonary atresia is a congenital malformation of the pulmonary valve in which the valve orifice fails to develop.
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Pulmonic stenosis
Pulmonic stenosis, also known as pulmonary stenosis, is a dynamic or fixed obstruction of flow from the right ventricle of the heart to the pulmonary artery.
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Radius (bone)
The radius or radial bone is one of the two large bones of the forearm, the other being the ulna.
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Ras subfamily
Ras is a family of related proteins which is expressed in all animal cell lineages and organs.
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Rhabdomyoma
A rhabdomyoma is a benign tumor of striated muscle.
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Rubella
Rubella, also known as German measles or three-day measles, is an infection caused by the rubella virus.
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Rubella vaccine
Rubella vaccine is a vaccine used to prevent rubella.
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Scimitar syndrome
Scimitar syndrome, or congenital pulmonary venolobar syndrome, is a rare congenital heart defect characterized by anomalous venous return from the right lung (to the systemic venous drainage, rather than directly to the left atrium).
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Septum primum
During heart development of a human embryo, the single primitive atrium becomes divided into right and left by a, the septum primum.
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Septum secundum
The septum secundum, semilunar in shape, grows downward from the upper wall of the atrium immediately to the right of the septum primum and ostium secundum.
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Shone's syndrome
Shone's syndrome (also called Shone's complex, Shone's anomaly, or Shone's disease) is a rare congenital heart disease described by Shone in 1963.
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Stenosis
A stenosis is an abnormal narrowing in a blood vessel or other tubular organ or structure.
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Syncope (medicine)
Syncope, also known as fainting, is a loss of consciousness and muscle strength characterized by a fast onset, short duration, and spontaneous recovery.
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Syndrome
A syndrome is a set of medical signs and symptoms that are correlated with each other and, often, with a particular disease or disorder.
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TBX1
T-box transcription factor TBX1 also known as T-box protein 1 and testis-specific T-box protein is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TBX1 gene.
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TBX5 (gene)
T-box transcription factor TBX5 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TBX5 gene.
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Tetralogy of Fallot
Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) is a type of heart defect present at birth.
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Thalidomide
Thalidomide, sold under the brand name Immunoprin, among others, is an immunomodulatory drug and the prototype of the thalidomide class of drugs.
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Third-degree atrioventricular block
Third-degree atrioventricular block (AV block), also known as complete heart block, is a medical condition in which the nerve impulse generated in the sinoatrial node (SA node) in the atrium of the heart does not propagate to the ventricles.
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Thymus
The thymus is a specialized primary lymphoid organ of the immune system.
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Tobacco
Tobacco is a product prepared from the leaves of the tobacco plant by curing them.
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Tracheoesophageal fistula
A tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF, or TOF; see spelling differences) is an abnormal connection (fistula) between the esophagus and the trachea.
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Transposition of the great vessels
Transposition of the great vessels (TGV) is a group of congenital heart defects involving an abnormal spatial arrangement of any of the great vessels: superior and/or inferior venae cavae, pulmonary artery, pulmonary veins, and aorta.
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Tricuspid atresia
Tricuspid atresia is a form of congenital heart disease whereby there is a complete absence of the tricuspid valve.
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Trisomy
A trisomy is a type of polysomy in which there are three instances of a particular chromosome, instead of the normal two.
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Turner syndrome
Turner syndrome (TS), also known as 45,X or 45,X0, is a condition in which a female is partly or completely missing an X chromosome.
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VACTERL association
The VACTERL association (also VATER association) refers to a recognized group of birth defects which tend to have a non-random occurrence (see below).
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Vaginal ultrasonography
Vaginal ultrasonography is a medical ultrasonography that applies an ultrasound transducer (or "probe") in the vagina to visualize organs within the pelvic cavity.
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Ventricle (heart)
A ventricle is one of two large chambers in the heart that collect and expel blood received from an atrium towards the peripheral beds within the body and lungs.
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Ventricular septal defect
A ventricular septal defect (VSD) is a defect in the ventricular septum, the wall dividing the left and right ventricles of the heart.
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Wolff–Parkinson–White syndrome
Wolff–Parkinson–White syndrome (WPWS) is a disorder due to a specific type of problem with the electrical system of the heart which has resulted in symptoms.
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Cardiac septal defect, Congenital Heart Disease, Congenital cardiac disorders, Congenital heart anomalies, Congenital heart anomaly, Congenital heart defects, Congenital heart disease, Congenital heart disorder, Congenital heart problems, Congenital heart septum defect, Congenital malformation of heart, Congenital malformations of heart, Heart Malformation, Heart defect, Heart defects, Heart defects, congenital, Holes in the heart, Septal defect, Septal heart defect.
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Congenital_heart_defect
