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137 relations: Abbas Milani, Abdul Rahman Ghassemlou, Abolhassan Banisadr, Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani, Ali Khamenei, Ali Reza Nobari, Apostasy in Islam, Arab nationalism, Armed Forces of the Islamic Republic of Iran, Ashraf Dehghani, Assembly of Experts, Assembly of Experts for Constitution, Azadegan Organization, Basij, Bazaari, BBC Radio 4, BBC World Service, Bernard Lewis, Charles Kurzman, Combatant Clergy Association, Communism, Con Coughlin, Council of the Islamic Revolution, Dariush Forouhar, Democratic Party of Iranian Kurdistan, Democratic Revolutionary Front for the Liberation of Arabistan, Divine providence, Fedaian Organisation (Minority), Foad Mostafa Soltani, Forqan Group, Freedom Movement of Iran, Gale (publisher), Gharbzadegi, Gonbad-e Kavus County, Grove Atlantic, Guardian Council, Guardianship of the Islamic Jurist, Habibollah Peyman, Hezbollah (Iran), History of the Islamic Republic of Iran, Human rights in the Islamic Republic of Iran, I.B. Tauris, Interim Government of Iran, Iran, Iran hostage crisis, Iran–Iraq War, Iranian Constitutional Revolution, Iranian Cultural Revolution, Iranian Islamic Republic referendum, March 1979, Iranian People's Fedai Guerrillas, ..., Iranian Revolution, Islamic Coalition Party, Islamic Consultative Assembly, Islamic fundamentalism, Islamic Government: Governance of the Jurist, Islamic Principlism in Iran, Islamic Republican Party, Islamic Revolution Committees, Islamic Revolutionary Court, Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps, JAMA (Iranian Party), Johns Hopkins University Press, Kafir, Karim Sanjabi, Kaveh Golestan, Kazem Sami, Khuzestan Province, Komala Party of Iranian Kurdistan, Kurdistan, Laborers’ Party of Iran, Leftist guerrilla groups of Iran, Liberalism, List of Iranian news agencies, List of modern conflicts in the Middle East, Mahmoud Taleghani, Malcolm Yapp, Mansoor Hekmat, Marxism, Massoud Rajavi, Mehdi Bazargan, Michel Foucault, Mir-Hossein Mousavi, Mohammad Beheshti, Mohammad Kazem Shariatmadari, Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, Mohammad-Ali Rajai, Mohammad-Javad Bahonar, Mohammad-Reza Mahdavi Kani, Mohsen Rezaee, Mojahedin of the Islamic Revolution Organization, Morteza Motahhari, Mousa Khiabani, Movement of Militant Muslims, Munafiqun, Muslim People's Republic Party, Muslim Student Followers of the Imam's Line, Nation Party of Iran, National Democratic Front (Iran), National Front (Iran), National Resistance Movement of Iran, Nojeh coup plot, Noureddin Kianouri, Operation Mersad, Organization of Iranian People's Fedaian (Majority), Organizations of the Iranian Revolution, Pan-Iranist Party, People's Mujahedin of Iran, Persecution of Bahá'ís, Peykar, Qom, Ruhollah Khomeini, Ryszard Kapuściński, Saddam Hussein, Sadegh Ghotbzadeh, Sanctions against Iran, Secularism, Shah of Shahs (book), Shapour Bakhtiar, Soviet–Afghan War, Sunni Islam, Supreme leader, Supreme Leader of Iran, Takfir, Tehran, Time (magazine), Tudeh Party of Iran, Union of Communist Militants, Union of Iranian Communists (Sarbedaran), United States, University of Tehran, William Shawcross, Worker's Way, Zbigniew Brzezinski, 1953 Iranian coup d'état, 1979 energy crisis, 1979 Khuzestan insurgency, 1979 Kurdish rebellion in Iran. Expand index (87 more) »
Abbas Milani
Abbas Malekzadeh Milani (عباس ملکزاده میلانی; born 1949) is an Iranian-American historian and author.
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Abdul Rahman Ghassemlou
Abdul Rahman Ghassemlou (Ebdulrehman Qasimlo, عبدالرحمان قاسملو; 22 December 1930 – 13 July 1989) was a Kurdish political leader.
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Abolhassan Banisadr
Seyyed Abolhassan Banisadr (Seyyed Abolhasan Banisadr; born 22 March 1933) is an Iranian politician and economist.
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Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani
Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani (Akbar Hāshemī Rafsanjānī or Hashemi Bahramani; 25 August 1934 – 8 January 2017) was an influential Iranian politician, writer and one of the founding fathers of the Islamic Republic who was the fourth President of Iran from 3 August 1989 until 3 August 1997.
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Ali Khamenei
Sayyid Ali Hosseini Khamenei (سید علی حسینی خامنهای,; born 17 July 1939) is a ''marja'' and the second and current Supreme Leader of Iran, in office since 1989.
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Ali Reza Nobari
Ali Reza Nobari is the former Governor of the Central Bank of the Islamic Republic of Iran (Bank Markazi Iran).
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Apostasy in Islam
Apostasy in Islam (ردة or ارتداد) is commonly defined as the conscious abandonment of Islam by a Muslim in word or through deed.
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Arab nationalism
Arab nationalism (القومية العربية al-Qawmiyya al-`arabiyya) is a nationalist ideology that asserts the Arabs are a nation and promotes the unity of Arab people, celebrating the glories of Arab civilization, the language and literature of the Arabs, calling for rejuvenation and political union in the Arab world.
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Armed Forces of the Islamic Republic of Iran
The Armed Forces of the Islamic Republic of Iran (نيروهای مسلح جمهوری اسلامی ايران) include the Army (''Artesh''), the Revolutionary Guard Corps (''Sepāh'') and the Law Enforcement Force (Police).
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Ashraf Dehghani
Ashraf Dehghani (اشرف دهقانی, born 1948) is amongst the best known Iranian female communist revolutionaries, and is a member of the Iranian People's Fedai Guerrillas.
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Assembly of Experts
The Assembly of Experts (Majles-e Khobregān-e Rahbari) —also translated as the Assembly of Experts of the Leadership or as the Council of Experts— is the deliberative body empowered to designate and dismiss the Supreme Leader of Iran.
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Assembly of Experts for Constitution
Assembly of Experts for Constitution (مجلس خبرگان قانون اساسی), also translated the Assembly for the Final Review of the Constitution (AFRC), was a constituent assembly in Iran, elected in the summer of 1979 to write a new constitution for the Islamic Republic Government.
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Azadegan Organization
The Azadegan Organization (آزادگان (pl.), lit. "the free ones") was an Iranian monarchist organisation which sought to restore the Pahlavi dynasty following the 1979 Iranian Revolution.
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Basij
The Basij (بسيج, lit. "The Mobilization"), Niruyeh Moghavemat Basij (نیروی مقاومت بسیج, "Mobilisation Resistance Force"), full name Sāzmān-e Basij-e Mostaz'afin (سازمان بسیج مستضعفین, "The Organization for Mobilization of the Oppressed"), is one of the five forces of the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps.
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Bazaari
Bazaari (Persian: بازاری) is the name given to the merchant class and workers of bazaars, the traditional marketplaces of Iran.
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BBC Radio 4
BBC Radio 4 is a radio station owned and operated by the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) that broadcasts a wide variety of spoken-word programmes including news, drama, comedy, science and history.
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BBC World Service
The BBC World Service, the world's largest international broadcaster, broadcasts radio and television news, speech and discussions in over 30 languages to many parts of the world on analogue and digital shortwave platforms, Internet streaming, podcasting, satellite, DAB, FM and MW relays.
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Bernard Lewis
Bernard Lewis, FBA (31 May 1916 – 19 May 2018) was a British American historian specializing in oriental studies.
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Charles Kurzman
Charles Kurzman is a Professor of Sociology at University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill who specializes in Middle East and Islamic studies.
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Combatant Clergy Association
The Combatant Clergy Association (Jāme'e-ye Rowhāniyyat-e Mobārez) is a politically active group in Iran, but not a political party in the traditional sense.
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Communism
In political and social sciences, communism (from Latin communis, "common, universal") is the philosophical, social, political, and economic ideology and movement whose ultimate goal is the establishment of the communist society, which is a socioeconomic order structured upon the common ownership of the means of production and the absence of social classes, money and the state.
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Con Coughlin
Con Coughlin (born 14 January 1955) is a British journalist and author, currently The Daily Telegraph Defence Editor.
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Council of the Islamic Revolution
The Council of the Islamic Revolution (Šūrā-ye enqelāb-e eslāmī) was a group formed by Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini to manage the Iranian Revolution on 10 January 1979, shortly before he returned to Iran.
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Dariush Forouhar
Dariush Forouhar (داریوش فروهر; 1928 – 22 November 1998) was an Iranian pan-Iranist politician and leader of Nation Party of Iran.
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Democratic Party of Iranian Kurdistan
The Democratic Party of Iranian Kurdistan (PDKI; Hîzbî Dêmukratî Kurdistanî Êran, HDKA; Ḥezb-e Demokrāt-e Kordestān-e Īrān), also known as the Kurdish Democratic Party of Iran (KDPI), is an armed leftist ethnic party of Kurds in Iran, exiled in northern Iraq.
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Democratic Revolutionary Front for the Liberation of Arabistan
The Democratic Revolutionary Front for the Liberation of Arabistan الجبهة الديمقراطية الثورية لتحرير عربستان, al-Jabha al-dīmuqrāṭiyya al-thawriyya li-taḥrīr ‘Arabistān) was an Iranian Arab militant group founded in 1979, most famous for the Iranian Embassy siege of 1980 in London, United Kingdom. It was led by Oan Ali Mohammed, who was killed during the siege by SAS troops.
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Divine providence
In theology, divine providence, or just providence, is God's intervention in the universe.
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Fedaian Organisation (Minority)
Fedaian Organisation or Organization of Fadaiyan (Minority) (Sāzmān-e Fadāʾiān (aqallīyat)) is an Iranian exiled Marxist-Leninist organisation.
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Foad Mostafa Soltani
Foad Mostafa Soltani, or Kak Foad (in Kurdish:فواد مستەفا سوڵتانی، کاک فواد) was one of the founders of the Revolutionary Organisation of the Toilers of Kurdistan, popularly known as Komala.
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Forqan Group
Forqn Group (گروه فرقان, named after Al-Furqan sura) was an Iranian opposition militant group with clandestine cell system adhering to a Shia anti-clerical Islamist ideology.
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Freedom Movement of Iran
The Freedom Movement of Iran (FMI) or Liberation Movement of Iran (LMI; Nahżat-e āzādi-e Irān) is an Iranian pro-democracy political organization which was founded in 1961, by members describing themselves as "Muslims, Iranians, Constitutionalists and Mossadeghists".
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Gale (publisher)
Gale is an educational publishing company based in Farmington Hills, Michigan, in the western suburbs of Detroit.
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Gharbzadegi
Gharbzadegi (غربزدگی) is a pejorative Persian term variously translated as ‘Westernized’, ‘West-struck-ness’, ‘Westoxification’, ‘Westitis’, ‘Euromania’, or ‘Occidentosis’.
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Gonbad-e Kavus County
Gonbad-e Qabus County (شهرستان گنبد کاووس) is a county in Golestan Province in Iran.
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Grove Atlantic
Grove Atlantic, Inc. is an American independent publisher, based in New York City, New York, that was formed in 1993 by the merger of Grove Press and Atlantic Monthly Press.
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Guardian Council
The Guardian Council of the Constitution (شورای نگهبان قانون اساسی, Shūra-ye negahbān-e qānūn-e āsāsī) is an appointed and constitutionally mandated 12-member council that wields considerable power and influence in the Islamic Republic of Iran.
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Guardianship of the Islamic Jurist
The Guardianship of the Islamic Jurist, also called the Governance of the Jurist (ولایت فقیه, Vilayat-e Faqih; ولاية الفقيه, Wilayat al-Faqih), is a post-Age-of-Occultation theory in Shia Islam which holds that Islam gives a faqīh (Islamic jurist) custodianship over people.
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Habibollah Peyman
Habibollah Peyman (born 1935 in Shiraz, Iran) is an Iranian politician.
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Hezbollah (Iran)
Hezbollah (lit) is an Iranian movement formed at the time of the Iranian Revolution to assist the Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini and his forces in consolidating power.
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History of the Islamic Republic of Iran
One of the most dramatic changes in government in Iran's history was seen with the 1979 Iranian Revolution where Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi was overthrown and replaced by Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini.
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Human rights in the Islamic Republic of Iran
The state of human rights in the Islamic Republic of Iran has been criticized both by Iranians and international human right activists, writers, and NGOs.
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I.B. Tauris
I.B. Tauris (usually typeset as I.B.Tauris) was an independent publishing house with offices in London and New York City.
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Interim Government of Iran
The Interim Government of Iran (Dowlat-e Movaghat-e Irân) was the first government established in Iran after the Iranian Revolution, and the first nominal republic established in Iran after 2,500 years of Persian monarchy.
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Iran
Iran (ایران), also known as Persia, officially the Islamic Republic of Iran (جمهوری اسلامی ایران), is a sovereign state in Western Asia. With over 81 million inhabitants, Iran is the world's 18th-most-populous country. Comprising a land area of, it is the second-largest country in the Middle East and the 17th-largest in the world. Iran is bordered to the northwest by Armenia and the Republic of Azerbaijan, to the north by the Caspian Sea, to the northeast by Turkmenistan, to the east by Afghanistan and Pakistan, to the south by the Persian Gulf and the Gulf of Oman, and to the west by Turkey and Iraq. The country's central location in Eurasia and Western Asia, and its proximity to the Strait of Hormuz, give it geostrategic importance. Tehran is the country's capital and largest city, as well as its leading economic and cultural center. Iran is home to one of the world's oldest civilizations, beginning with the formation of the Elamite kingdoms in the fourth millennium BCE. It was first unified by the Iranian Medes in the seventh century BCE, reaching its greatest territorial size in the sixth century BCE, when Cyrus the Great founded the Achaemenid Empire, which stretched from Eastern Europe to the Indus Valley, becoming one of the largest empires in history. The Iranian realm fell to Alexander the Great in the fourth century BCE and was divided into several Hellenistic states. An Iranian rebellion culminated in the establishment of the Parthian Empire, which was succeeded in the third century CE by the Sasanian Empire, a leading world power for the next four centuries. Arab Muslims conquered the empire in the seventh century CE, displacing the indigenous faiths of Zoroastrianism and Manichaeism with Islam. Iran made major contributions to the Islamic Golden Age that followed, producing many influential figures in art and science. After two centuries, a period of various native Muslim dynasties began, which were later conquered by the Turks and the Mongols. The rise of the Safavids in the 15th century led to the reestablishment of a unified Iranian state and national identity, with the country's conversion to Shia Islam marking a turning point in Iranian and Muslim history. Under Nader Shah, Iran was one of the most powerful states in the 18th century, though by the 19th century, a series of conflicts with the Russian Empire led to significant territorial losses. Popular unrest led to the establishment of a constitutional monarchy and the country's first legislature. A 1953 coup instigated by the United Kingdom and the United States resulted in greater autocracy and growing anti-Western resentment. Subsequent unrest against foreign influence and political repression led to the 1979 Revolution and the establishment of an Islamic republic, a political system that includes elements of a parliamentary democracy vetted and supervised by a theocracy governed by an autocratic "Supreme Leader". During the 1980s, the country was engaged in a war with Iraq, which lasted for almost nine years and resulted in a high number of casualties and economic losses for both sides. According to international reports, Iran's human rights record is exceptionally poor. The regime in Iran is undemocratic, and has frequently persecuted and arrested critics of the government and its Supreme Leader. Women's rights in Iran are described as seriously inadequate, and children's rights have been severely violated, with more child offenders being executed in Iran than in any other country in the world. Since the 2000s, Iran's controversial nuclear program has raised concerns, which is part of the basis of the international sanctions against the country. The Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action, an agreement reached between Iran and the P5+1, was created on 14 July 2015, aimed to loosen the nuclear sanctions in exchange for Iran's restriction in producing enriched uranium. Iran is a founding member of the UN, ECO, NAM, OIC, and OPEC. It is a major regional and middle power, and its large reserves of fossil fuels – which include the world's largest natural gas supply and the fourth-largest proven oil reserves – exert considerable influence in international energy security and the world economy. The country's rich cultural legacy is reflected in part by its 22 UNESCO World Heritage Sites, the third-largest number in Asia and eleventh-largest in the world. Iran is a multicultural country comprising numerous ethnic and linguistic groups, the largest being Persians (61%), Azeris (16%), Kurds (10%), and Lurs (6%).
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Iran hostage crisis
The Iran hostage crisis was a diplomatic standoff between Iran and the United States of America.
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Iran–Iraq War
The Iran–Iraq War was an armed conflict between Iran and Iraq, beginning on 22 September 1980, when Iraq invaded Iran, and ending on 20 August 1988, when Iran accepted the UN-brokered ceasefire.
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Iranian Constitutional Revolution
The Persian Constitutional Revolution (مشروطیت Mashrūtiyyat, or انقلاب مشروطه Enghelāb-e Mashrūteh), also known as the Constitutional Revolution of Iran, took place between 1905 and 1911.
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Iranian Cultural Revolution
The Cultural Revolution (1980–1983) (انقلاب فرهنگی.) was a period following the Iranian Revolution, when the academia of Iran was purged of Western and non-Islamic influences (even traditionalist unpolitical Islamic doctrines) to bring it in line with the revolutionary and Political Islam.
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Iranian Islamic Republic referendum, March 1979
A referendum on creating an Islamic Republic was held in Iran on 30 and 31 March 1979.
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Iranian People's Fedai Guerrillas
The Iranian People's Fedai Guerrillas (IFPG; čerikhā-ye Fadāʾi-e ḵalq-e Irān), also known as Dehghani faction (جریان دهقانی) after its leader Ashraf Dehghani, is an Iranian communist organization that split from the Organization of Iranian People's Fedai Guerrillas (OIFPG) in 1979, dropping the word 'organization' from its name.
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Iranian Revolution
The Iranian Revolution (Enqelāb-e Iran; also known as the Islamic Revolution or the 1979 Revolution), Iran Chamber.
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Islamic Coalition Party
The Islamic Coalition Party (ICP; Ḥezb-e moʾtalefa-ye eslāmi) is a conservative political party in Iran that favors economic liberalism.
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Islamic Consultative Assembly
The Islamic Consultative Assembly (Majles-e Showrā-ye Eslāmī), also called the Iranian Parliament, the Iranian Majlis (or Majles, مجلس), is the national legislative body of Iran.
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Islamic fundamentalism
Islamic fundamentalism has been defined as a movement of Muslims who think back to earlier times and seek to return to the fundamentals of the religion and live similarly to how the prophet Muhammad and his companions lived.
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Islamic Government: Governance of the Jurist
Velayat-e faqih (ولایت فقیه, velāyat-e faqīh), also known as Islamic Government (حکومت اسلامی, Hokumat-i Eslami), is a book by the Iranian Muslim cleric, faqīh, and revolutionary Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini, first published in 1970, and probably the most influential document written in modern times in support of theocratic rule.
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Islamic Principlism in Iran
The history of Islamic Principlism in Iran covers the history of Islamic revivalism and the rise of political Islam in modern Iran.
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Islamic Republican Party
The Islamic Republican Party (IRP; Ḥezb-e Jomhūrī-e Eslāmī, also translated Islamic Republic Party) formed in mid-1979 to assist the Iranian Revolution and Ayatollah Khomeini establish theocracy in Iran.
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Islamic Revolution Committees
Islamic Revolution Committees or Committees of Islamic Revolution (کمیتههای انقلاب اسلامی), simply known as the Committee (کمیته), was a law enforcement force in Iran acting under Ministry of Interior.
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Islamic Revolutionary Court
Islamic Revolutionary Court (also Revolutionary Tribunal, Dadgah-ha-e EnqelabBakhash, Shaul, Reign of the Ayatollahs, Basic Books, 1984, p.59-61) is a special system of courts in the Islamic Republic of Iran designed to try those suspected of crimes such as smuggling, blaspheming, inciting violence or trying to overthrow the Islamic government.
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Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps
The Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC) (lit or Sepâh for short) is a branch of Iran's Armed Forces founded after 1979 Revolution on 22 April 1979 by order of Ayatollah Khomeini.IISS Military Balance 2006, Routledge for the IISS, London, 2006, p. 187 Whereas the regular military (or Artesh) defends Iran's borders and maintains internal order, according to the Iranian constitution, the Revolutionary Guard (pasdaran) is intended to protect the country's Islamic Republic system. The Revolutionary Guards state that their role in protecting the Islamic system is preventing foreign interference as well as coups by the military or "deviant movements". The Revolutionary Guards have roughly 125,000 military personnel including ground, aerospace and naval forces. Its naval forces are now the primary forces tasked with operational control of the Persian Gulf. GlobalBearings.net, 15 December 2011. It also controls the paramilitary Basij militia which has about 90,000 active personnel.Abrahamian, Ervand, History of Modern Iran, Columbia University Press, 2008 pp. 175–76 Its media arm is Sepah News. Since its origin as an ideologically driven militia, the Army of the Guardians of the Islamic Revolution has taken a greater role in nearly every aspect of Iranian society. Its expanded social, political, military and economic role under President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad's administration—especially during the 2009 presidential election and post-election suppression of protest—has led many Western analysts to argue that its political power has surpassed even that of the Shia clerical system. The Chief Commander of the Guardians since 2007 is Mohammad Ali Jafari, who was preceded by Yahya Rahim Safavi from 1997.
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JAMA (Iranian Party)
JAMA (جاما, acronym originally standing for "The Liberation Movement of People of Iran"; جنبش آزادیبخش مردم ایران) was an Iranian political party founded in 1964 by Kazem Sami and Habibollah Payman.
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Johns Hopkins University Press
The Johns Hopkins University Press (also referred to as JHU Press or JHUP) is the publishing division of Johns Hopkins University.
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Kafir
Kafir (كافر; plural كَافِرُونَ, كفّار or كَفَرَة; feminine كافرة) is an Arabic term (from the root K-F-R "to cover") meaning "unbeliever", or "disbeliever".
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Karim Sanjabi
Karim Sanjabi (کریم سنجابی; September 1904 – 4 July 1995) was an Iranian politician of National Front.
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Kaveh Golestan
Kāveh Golestān Taghavi Shirazi (8 July 1950 - 2 April 2003), (کاوه گلستان.) was an Iranian photojournalist and artist.
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Kazem Sami
Kazem Sami Kermani (1935 – 23 November 1988) was Iran's minister of health in the transitional government of Mehdi Bazargan and leader of the Iranian Nation Liberation Movement (''JAMA'').
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Khuzestan Province
Khuzestan Province (استان خوزستان Ostān-e Khūzestān, محافظة خوزستان Muḥāfaẓa Khūzistān) is one of the 31 provinces of Iran.
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Komala Party of Iranian Kurdistan
Komala Party of Iranian Kurdistan (lit), simply known as the Komalah (Komełe; کومله), is an armed communist ethnic party of Kurds in Iran, exiled in northern Iraq.
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Kurdistan
Kurdistan (کوردستان; lit. "homeland of the Kurds") or Greater Kurdistan is a roughly defined geo-cultural historical region wherein the Kurdish people form a prominent majority population and Kurdish culture, languages and national identity have historically been based.
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Laborers’ Party of Iran
The Laborers’ Party of Iran (Ḥezb-e ranjbarān-e Īrān, or simply Ranjbaran) is an Iranian Maoist political party in exile.
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Leftist guerrilla groups of Iran
Several leftist guerrilla groups attempting to overthrown the pro-Western regime of Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi were notable and active in Iran from 1971 to 1975.
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Liberalism
Liberalism is a political and moral philosophy based on liberty and equality.
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List of Iranian news agencies
This is a list of news agencies in Iran.
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List of modern conflicts in the Middle East
This is a list of modern conflicts in the Middle East ensuing in the geographic and political region known as the Middle East.
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Mahmoud Taleghani
Mahmoud Taleghani (محمود طالقانی,; 5 March 1911 – 9 September 1979) was an Iranian theologian, Muslim reformer, democracy advocate and a senior Shi'a cleric of Iran.
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Malcolm Yapp
Malcolm Edward Yapp (born 29 May 1931) is a British historian, professor emeritus of modern history of Western Asia at the School of Oriental and African Studies in London.
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Mansoor Hekmat
Mansoor Hekmat (منصور حکمت; original name Zhoobin Razani; June 4, 1951 - July 4, 2002) was an Iranian Marxist theorist, revolutionary and leader of the worker-communist movement.
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Marxism
Marxism is a method of socioeconomic analysis that views class relations and social conflict using a materialist interpretation of historical development and takes a dialectical view of social transformation.
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Massoud Rajavi
Massoud Rajavi (مسعود رجوی, born August 18, 1948 – disappeared March 13, 2003) is one of the two leaders of the People's Mujahedin of Iran (MEK), alongside his wife Maryam Rajavi.
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Mehdi Bazargan
Mehdi Bazargan (مهدی بازرگان; 1 September 1907 – 20 January 1995) was an Iranian scholar, academic, long-time pro-democracy activist and head of Iran's interim government, making him Iran's first prime minister after the Iranian Revolution of 1979.
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Michel Foucault
Paul-Michel Foucault (15 October 1926 – 25 June 1984), generally known as Michel Foucault, was a French philosopher, historian of ideas, social theorist, and literary critic.
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Mir-Hossein Mousavi
Mir-Hossein Mousavi Khameneh (Mīr-Hoseyn Mūsavī Khāmené,; born 2 March 1942) is an Iranian reformist politician, artist and architect who served as the seventy-ninth and last Prime Minister of Iran from 1981 to 1989.
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Mohammad Beheshti
Seyyed Mohammad Hosseini Beheshti (سیّد محمد حسینی بهشتی; 24 October 1928 – 28 June 1981) was an Iranian jurist, philosopher, cleric and politician who was known as the second person in the political hierarchy of Iran after the revolution.
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Mohammad Kazem Shariatmadari
Sayyid Mohammad Kazem Shariatmadari (Məhəmməd Kazım Şəriətmədari, محمد کاظم شریعتمداری), also spelled Shariat-Madari (5 January 1905 – 3 April 1986), was an Iranian Grand Ayatollah.
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Mohammad Reza Pahlavi
Mohammad Reza Pahlavi (Mohammad Reza Pahlavi,; 26 October 1919 – 27 July 1980), also known as Mohammad Reza Shah (Mohammad Rezā Šāh), was the last Shah of Iran from 16 September 1941 until his overthrow by the Iranian Revolution on 11 February 1979.
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Mohammad-Ali Rajai
Mohammad-Ali Rajai (محمدعلی رجائی; 15 June 1933 – 30 August 1981) was the second President of Iran from 2 to 30 August 1981 after serving as prime minister under Abolhassan Banisadr.
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Mohammad-Javad Bahonar
Mohammad Javad Bahonar (محمدجواد باهنر, 5 September 1933 – 30 August 1981) was a Shia Iranian theologian and politician who served as the Prime minister of Iran for less than one month in August 1981.
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Mohammad-Reza Mahdavi Kani
Mohammad Reza Mahdavi Kani (محمدرضا مهدوی کنی., 6 August 1931 – 21 October 2014) was an Iranian cleric, writer and conservative politician who was Acting Prime Minister of Iran from 2 September until 29 October 1981.
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Mohsen Rezaee
Mohsen Rezaee Mirgha'ed (محسن رضایی میرقائد, born Sabzevar Rezaei Mirgha'ed on 9 September 1954) is an Iranian conservative politician affiliated with the Resistance Front of Islamic Iran and senior military officer in the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps who currently holds office as the secretary of the Expediency Discernment Council.
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Mojahedin of the Islamic Revolution Organization
Mojahedin of the Islamic Revolution Organization (lit) was an umbrella political organization in Iran, founded in 1979 by unification of seven underground Islamist revolutionary paramilitary and civil organizations which previously fought against the Pahlavi monarchy.
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Morteza Motahhari
Morteza Motahari (مرتضی مطهری; January 31, 1919 – May 1, 1979) was an Iranian cleric, philosopher, lecturer, and politician.
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Mousa Khiabani
Mousa Khiabani (موسی خیابانی) was a leading member of the People's Mujahedin of Iran (MEK) and the commander of its armed wing from 1979 to 1982, when he was killed in action.
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Movement of Militant Muslims
The Movement of Militant Muslims (جنبش مسلمانان مبارز) is an Iranian Islamic socialist political group led by Habibollah Payman.
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Munafiqun
In Islam, the munafiqun ('hypocrites', منافقون, singular منافق munāfiq) were a group decried in the Quran as outward Muslims who were secretly unsympathetic to the cause of Muslims and actively sought to undermine the Muslim community.
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Muslim People's Republic Party
The Muslim People's Republic Party (MPRP) or Islamic People's Republican Party (IPRP; Ḥezb-e jomhuri-e ḵalq-e mosalmān-e Irān) was a short-lived party associated with Shia Islamic cleric Shariatmadari.
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Muslim Student Followers of the Imam's Line
The Muslim Student Followers of the Imam's Line (دانشجویان مسلمان پیرو خط امام Dânešjuyân Mosalmân Piru Xatt Emâm), also called the Muslim Students of the Imam Khomeini Line, was an Iranian student group that occupied the U.S. embassy in Tehran on 4 November 1979.
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Nation Party of Iran
Party of the Iranian Nation or Nation Party of Iran or Iran Nation Party (Ḥezb-e Mellat-e Irān) is "a small opposition" party in Iran advocating establishment of a secular democracy.
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National Democratic Front (Iran)
The National Democratic Front (Jebha-ye demokrātīk-e mellī) was a liberal-left political party founded during the Iranian Revolution of 1979 that overthrew shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, and banned within a short time by the Islamic government.
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National Front (Iran)
The National Front of Iran (Jebha-ye Mellī-e Īrān) is an opposition political organization in Iran, founded by Mohammad Mosaddegh in 1949.
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National Resistance Movement of Iran
The National Movement of the Iranian Resistance (NAMIR; نهضت مقاومت ملی ایران) was a political organization founded by Shapour Bakhtiar in 1979.
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Nojeh coup plot
The "Saving Iran's Great Uprising" (نجات قیام ایران بزرگ; acronymed NEQAB, lit) more commonly known as the Nojeh coup d'état (Kūdetâ-ye Nowžeh), was a plan to overthrow the newly established Islamic Republic of Iran and its government of Abolhassan Banisadr and Ayatollah Khomeini.
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Noureddin Kianouri
Dr.
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Operation Mersad
Operation Mersad (عملیات مرصاد, meaning "ambush") was the last major military operation of the Iran–Iraq War, ending in a decisive victory for Iran.
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Organization of Iranian People's Fedaian (Majority)
The Organization of Iranian People's Fadaian (Majority) (Sāzmān-e fedaiyān-e khalq-e Irān (aksariat)) is an Iranian left-wing opposition political party in exile.
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Organizations of the Iranian Revolution
Many organizations, parties and guerrilla groups were involved in the Iranian Revolution.
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Pan-Iranist Party
The Pan-Iranist Party (Ḥezb-e Pān Irānist) is a small opposition political party in Iran advocating pan-Iranism.
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People's Mujahedin of Iran
The People's Mojahedin Organization of Iran or the Mojahedin-e Khalq (Sāzmān-e mojāhedin-e khalq-e irān, abbreviated MEK, PMOI or MKO), commonly known in Iran as Munafiqin ("hypocrites"), is an Iranian political–militant organization in exile that advocates the violent overthrow of the current government in Iran, while claiming itself as the replacing government in exile.
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Persecution of Bahá'ís
Persecution of Bahá'ís occurs in various countries, especially in Iran, where the Bahá'í Faith originated and the location of one of the largest Bahá'í populations in the world.
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Peykar
Organization of Struggle for the Emancipation of the Working Class (Sāzmān-e peykār dar rāh-e āzādī-e ṭabaqa-ye kārgar) or simply Peykar (lit), also called the Marxist Mojahedin, was a secular splinter group from the People's Mujahedin of Iran (PMoI), the largest of Iran's guerrilla groups.
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Qom
Qom (قم) is the eighth largest city in Iran.
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Ruhollah Khomeini
Sayyid Ruhollah Mūsavi Khomeini (سید روحالله موسوی خمینی; 24 September 1902 – 3 June 1989), known in the Western world as Ayatollah Khomeini, was an Iranian Shia Islam religious leader and politician.
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Ryszard Kapuściński
Ryszard Kapuściński (March 4, 1932 – January 23, 2007) was a Polish journalist, photographer, poet and author.
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Saddam Hussein
Saddam Hussein Abd al-Majid al-Tikriti (Arabic: صدام حسين عبد المجيد التكريتي; 28 April 1937 – 30 December 2006) was President of Iraq from 16 July 1979 until 9 April 2003.
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Sadegh Ghotbzadeh
Sadegh Ghotbzadeh (صادق قطبزاده, 24 February 1936 – 15 September 1982) was a close aide of Ayatollah Khomeini during his 1978 exile in France, and foreign minister (30 November 1979–August 1980) during the Iran hostage crisis following the Iranian Revolution.
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Sanctions against Iran
Following the Iranian Revolution of 1979 and the resulting hostage crisis, the United States imposed an asset freeze and trade embargo against Iran.
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Secularism
Secularism is the principle of the separation of government institutions and persons mandated to represent the state from religious institution and religious dignitaries (the attainment of such is termed secularity).
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Shah of Shahs (book)
Shah of Shahs, published in 1982, is Polish journalist Ryszard Kapuściński's analysis of the decline and fall of Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, the last Shah of Iran.
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Shapour Bakhtiar
Shapour Bakhtiar (شاپور بختیار; 26 June 19146 August 1991) was an Iranian politician who served as the last Prime Minister of Iran under the Mohammad Reza Shah Pahlavi.
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Soviet–Afghan War
The Soviet–Afghan War lasted over nine years, from December 1979 to February 1989.
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Sunni Islam
Sunni Islam is the largest denomination of Islam.
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Supreme leader
A supreme leader typically refers to the person among a number of leaders of a state, organization or other such group who has been given or is able to exercise the mostor complete authority over it.
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Supreme Leader of Iran
The Supreme Leader of Iran (rahbar-e mo'azzam-e irān), also called the Supreme Leader of the Islamic Revolution (رهبر معظم انقلاب اسلامی), officially in Iran, called the Supreme Leadership Authority (مقام معظم رهبری), is the head of state and highest ranking political and religious authority in the Islamic Republic of Iran.
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Takfir
Takfir or takfeer (تكفير) is a controversial concept in Islamist discourse, denoting excommunication, as one Muslim declaring another Muslim as a non-believer (kafir).
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Tehran
Tehran (تهران) is the capital of Iran and Tehran Province.
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Time (magazine)
Time is an American weekly news magazine and news website published in New York City.
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Tudeh Party of Iran
The Tudeh Party of Iran (lit) is an Iranian communist party.
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Union of Communist Militants
Union of Communist Militants (اتحاد مبارزان کمونیست, abbreviated EMK امک) was an Iranian communist group.
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Union of Iranian Communists (Sarbedaran)
Union of Iranian Communists (Sarbedaran) (UIC (S); اتحادیه کمونیستهای ایران) was an Iran Maoist organization.
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United States
The United States of America (USA), commonly known as the United States (U.S.) or America, is a federal republic composed of 50 states, a federal district, five major self-governing territories, and various possessions.
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University of Tehran
The University of Tehran (دانشگاه تهران), also known as Tehran University and UT, is Iran's oldest modern university.
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William Shawcross
William Hartley Hume Shawcross, (born 28 May 1946, Sussex, England) is the Chairman of the Charity Commission for England and Wales, (Glen Owen, Mail Online, Sunday 2 June 2013) and a British writer and commentator.
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Worker's Way
Organization of Revolutionary Workers of Iran – The Worker’s Way (O.R.W.I; Rāh-e kārgar) is an Iranian Marxist-Leninist political organisation formed in 1978, by former affiliates of other leftist groups.
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Zbigniew Brzezinski
Zbigniew Kazimierz "Zbig" Brzezinski (March 28, 1928 – May 26, 2017) was a Polish-American diplomat and political scientist.
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1953 Iranian coup d'état
The 1953 Iranian coup d'état, known in Iran as the 28 Mordad coup d'état (کودتای ۲۸ مرداد), was the overthrow of the democratically elected Prime Minister Mohammad Mosaddegh in favour of strengthening the monarchical rule of Mohammad Reza Pahlavi on 19 August 1953, orchestrated by the United Kingdom (under the name "Operation Boot") and the United States (under the name TPAJAX Project or "Operation Ajax").
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1979 energy crisis
The 1979 (or second) oil crisis or oil shock occurred in the world due to decreased oil output in the wake of the Iranian Revolution.
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1979 Khuzestan insurgency
The 1979 Khuzestan uprising was one of the nationwide uprisings in Iran, which erupted in the aftermath of the Iranian Revolution.
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1979 Kurdish rebellion in Iran
The 1979 Kurdish rebellion in Iran erupted in mid-March 1979, some two months after the completion of the Iranian Revolution.
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Redirects here:
1979 uprisings in Iran, Consolidation of the Islamic Revolution, Consolidation of the iranian revolution.
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consolidation_of_the_Iranian_Revolution
