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49 relations: Algorithm, Anne Sjerp Troelstra, Axiom of choice, Brouwer–Heyting–Kolmogorov interpretation, Calculus of constructions, Cauchy sequence, Constructive set theory, Constructivism (mathematics), Counterexample, Curry–Howard correspondence, Diaconescu's theorem, Dirk van Dalen, E. M. Wright, Errett Bishop, Euclid, Euclid's theorem, Existence theorem, Forbidden graph characterization, G. H. Hardy, Gérard Huet, Gelfond–Schneider theorem, Goldbach's conjecture, Graph (discrete mathematics), Graph minor, Intuitionism, Intuitionistic logic, Intuitionistic type theory, Irrational number, J. Roger Hindley, James Franklin (philosopher), Law of excluded middle, Limited principle of omniscience, Logarithm, Mathematical object, Mathematical proof, Mathematics, Non-constructive algorithm existence proofs, Per Martin-Löf, Prime number, Principle of explosion, Probabilistic method, Proof by contradiction, Rational number, Reverse mathematics, Robertson–Seymour theorem, Scripta Mathematica, Square root of 2, Thierry Coquand, Torus.
Algorithm
In mathematics and computer science, an algorithm is an unambiguous specification of how to solve a class of problems.
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Anne Sjerp Troelstra
Anne Sjerp Troelstra (born 10 August 1939) is Emeritus professor of pure mathematics and foundations of mathematics at the Institute for Logic, Language and Computation (ILLC) of the University of Amsterdam.
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Axiom of choice
In mathematics, the axiom of choice, or AC, is an axiom of set theory equivalent to the statement that the Cartesian product of a collection of non-empty sets is non-empty.
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Brouwer–Heyting–Kolmogorov interpretation
In mathematical logic, the Brouwer–Heyting–Kolmogorov interpretation, or BHK interpretation, of intuitionistic logic was proposed by L. E. J. Brouwer and Arend Heyting, and independently by Andrey Kolmogorov.
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Calculus of constructions
In mathematical logic and computer science, the calculus of constructions (CoC) is a type theory created by Thierry Coquand.
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Cauchy sequence
In mathematics, a Cauchy sequence, named after Augustin-Louis Cauchy, is a sequence whose elements become arbitrarily close to each other as the sequence progresses.
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Constructive set theory
Constructive set theory is an approach to mathematical constructivism following the program of axiomatic set theory.
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Constructivism (mathematics)
In the philosophy of mathematics, constructivism asserts that it is necessary to find (or "construct") a mathematical object to prove that it exists.
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Counterexample
In logic, and especially in its applications to mathematics and philosophy, a counterexample is an exception to a proposed general rule or law.
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Curry–Howard correspondence
In programming language theory and proof theory, the Curry–Howard correspondence (also known as the Curry–Howard isomorphism or equivalence, or the proofs-as-programs and propositions- or formulae-as-types interpretation) is the direct relationship between computer programs and mathematical proofs.
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Diaconescu's theorem
In mathematical logic, Diaconescu's theorem, or the Goodman–Myhill theorem, states that the full axiom of choice is sufficient to derive the law of the excluded middle, or restricted forms of it, in constructive set theory.
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Dirk van Dalen
Dirk van Dalen (born 20 December 1932, Amsterdam) is a Dutch mathematician and historian of science.
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E. M. Wright
Sir Edward Maitland Wright, FRSE (13 February 1906, Farnley – 2 February 2005, Reading) was an English mathematician, best known for co-authoring An Introduction to the Theory of Numbers with G. H. Hardy.
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Errett Bishop
Errett Albert Bishop (July 14, 1928 – April 14, 1983) was an American mathematician known for his work on analysis.
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Euclid
Euclid (Εὐκλείδης Eukleidēs; fl. 300 BC), sometimes given the name Euclid of Alexandria to distinguish him from Euclides of Megara, was a Greek mathematician, often referred to as the "founder of geometry" or the "father of geometry".
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Euclid's theorem
Euclid's theorem is a fundamental statement in number theory that asserts that there are infinitely many prime numbers.
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Existence theorem
In mathematics, an existence theorem is a theorem with a statement beginning 'there exist(s)..', or more generally 'for all,,...
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Forbidden graph characterization
In graph theory, a branch of mathematics, many important families of graphs can be described by a finite set of individual graphs that do not belong to the family and further exclude all graphs from the family which contain any of these forbidden graphs as (induced) subgraph or minor.
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G. H. Hardy
Godfrey Harold Hardy (7 February 1877 – 1 December 1947) was an English mathematician, known for his achievements in number theory and mathematical analysis.
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Gérard Huet
Gérard Pierre Huet (born 7 July 1947) is a French computer scientist, linguist and mathematician.
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Gelfond–Schneider theorem
In mathematics, the Gelfond–Schneider theorem establishes the transcendence of a large class of numbers.
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Goldbach's conjecture
Goldbach's conjecture is one of the oldest and best-known unsolved problems in number theory and all of mathematics.
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Graph (discrete mathematics)
In mathematics, and more specifically in graph theory, a graph is a structure amounting to a set of objects in which some pairs of the objects are in some sense "related".
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Graph minor
In graph theory, an undirected graph H is called a minor of the graph G if H can be formed from G by deleting edges and vertices and by contracting edges.
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Intuitionism
In the philosophy of mathematics, intuitionism, or neointuitionism (opposed to preintuitionism), is an approach where mathematics is considered to be purely the result of the constructive mental activity of humans rather than the discovery of fundamental principles claimed to exist in an objective reality.
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Intuitionistic logic
Intuitionistic logic, sometimes more generally called constructive logic, refers to systems of symbolic logic that differ from the systems used for classical logic by more closely mirroring the notion of constructive proof.
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Intuitionistic type theory
Intuitionistic type theory (also known as constructive type theory, or Martin-Löf type theory) is a type theory and an alternative foundation of mathematics.
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Irrational number
In mathematics, the irrational numbers are all the real numbers which are not rational numbers, the latter being the numbers constructed from ratios (or fractions) of integers.
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J. Roger Hindley
J.
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James Franklin (philosopher)
James Franklin (born 1953 in Sydney) is an Australian philosopher, mathematician and historian of ideas.
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Law of excluded middle
In logic, the law of excluded middle (or the principle of excluded middle) states that for any proposition, either that proposition is true or its negation is true.
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Limited principle of omniscience
In constructive mathematics, the limited principle of omniscience (LPO) and the lesser limited principle of omniscience (LLPO) are axioms that are nonconstructive but are weaker than the full law of the excluded middle.
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Logarithm
In mathematics, the logarithm is the inverse function to exponentiation.
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Mathematical object
A mathematical object is an abstract object arising in mathematics.
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Mathematical proof
In mathematics, a proof is an inferential argument for a mathematical statement.
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Mathematics
Mathematics (from Greek μάθημα máthēma, "knowledge, study, learning") is the study of such topics as quantity, structure, space, and change.
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Non-constructive algorithm existence proofs
The vast majority of positive results about computational problems are constructive proofs, i.e., a computational problem is proved to be solvable by showing an algorithm that solves it; a computational problem is shown to be in P (complexity) by showing an algorithm that solves it in time that is polynomial in the size of the input; etc.
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Per Martin-Löf
Per Erik Rutger Martin-Löf (born May 8, 1942) is a Swedish logician, philosopher, and mathematical statistician.
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Prime number
A prime number (or a prime) is a natural number greater than 1 that cannot be formed by multiplying two smaller natural numbers.
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Principle of explosion
The principle of explosion (Latin: ex falso (sequitur) quodlibet (EFQ), "from falsehood, anything (follows)", or ex contradictione (sequitur) quodlibet (ECQ), "from contradiction, anything (follows)"), or the principle of Pseudo-Scotus, is the law of classical logic, intuitionistic logic and similar logical systems, according to which any statement can be proven from a contradiction.
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Probabilistic method
The probabilistic method is a nonconstructive method, primarily used in combinatorics and pioneered by Paul Erdős, for proving the existence of a prescribed kind of mathematical object.
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Proof by contradiction
In logic, proof by contradiction is a form of proof, and more specifically a form of indirect proof, that establishes the truth or validity of a proposition.
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Rational number
In mathematics, a rational number is any number that can be expressed as the quotient or fraction of two integers, a numerator and a non-zero denominator.
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Reverse mathematics
Reverse mathematics is a program in mathematical logic that seeks to determine which axioms are required to prove theorems of mathematics.
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Robertson–Seymour theorem
In graph theory, the Robertson–Seymour theorem (also called the graph minor theorem) states that the undirected graphs, partially ordered by the graph minor relationship, form a well-quasi-ordering.
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Scripta Mathematica
Scripta Mathematica was a quarterly journal published by Yeshiva University devoted to the philosophy, history, and expository treatment of mathematics.
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Square root of 2
The square root of 2, or the (1/2)th power of 2, written in mathematics as or, is the positive algebraic number that, when multiplied by itself, gives the number 2.
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Thierry Coquand
Thierry Coquand (born 18 April 1961 in Jallieu, Isère, France) is a professor in computer science at the University of Gothenburg, Sweden.
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Torus
In geometry, a torus (plural tori) is a surface of revolution generated by revolving a circle in three-dimensional space about an axis coplanar with the circle.
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Existence proof, Existential proof, Non-constructive, Non-constructive proof, Nonconstructive, Nonconstructive proof, Proof by construction, Weak counterexample.
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constructive_proof
