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71 relations: Argument Clinic, Aristotle, Aufheben, Auto-antonym, Axiomatic system, Barbershop paradox, Belief, Benjamin Jowett, Capitalism, Chicago, Classical logic, Coherentism, Collectively exhaustive events, Colloquialism, Completeness (logic), Consistency, Contrary (logic), Dialectical materialism, Dialetheism, Dionysodorus (sophist), Double standard, Doublethink, Emil Leon Post, Encyclopædia Britannica, Epistemology, Ernest Nagel, Euthydemus (dialogue), False (logic), First-order logic, Formal proof, Formal system, Graham Priest, Great Books of the Western World, Hegelianism, If and only if, Irony, James R. Newman, Józef Maria Bocheński, Kurt Gödel, Law of noncontradiction, Logical consequence, Mathematical proof, Mathematics, Means of production, Modus ponens, Mutual exclusivity, On Contradiction, Oxymoron, Paraconsistent logic, Paradox, ..., Plato, Presupposition, Principia Mathematica, Principle of explosion, Proletariat, Proof by contradiction, Proposition, Propositional calculus, Q.E.D., Robert Maynard Hutchins, Satisfiability, Scientific method, Socialism, Socrates, Substitution (logic), System, Tautology (logic), Tee (symbol), Thesis, antithesis, synthesis, TRIZ, Up tack. Expand index (21 more) »
Argument Clinic
"Argument Clinic" is a sketch from Monty Python's Flying Circus, written by John Cleese and Graham Chapman.
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Aristotle
Aristotle (Ἀριστοτέλης Aristotélēs,; 384–322 BC) was an ancient Greek philosopher and scientist born in the city of Stagira, Chalkidiki, in the north of Classical Greece.
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Aufheben
Aufheben or Aufhebung is a German word with several seemingly contradictory meanings, including "to lift up", "to abolish", "cancel" or "suspend", or "to sublate".
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Auto-antonym
An auto-antonym or autantonym, also called a contronym or contranym, is a word with multiple meanings (senses) of which one is the reverse of another.
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Axiomatic system
In mathematics, an axiomatic system is any set of axioms from which some or all axioms can be used in conjunction to logically derive theorems.
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Barbershop paradox
The barbershop paradox was proposed by Lewis Carroll in a three-page essay titled "A Logical Paradox", which appeared in the July 1894 issue of Mind.
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Belief
Belief is the state of mind in which a person thinks something to be the case with or without there being empirical evidence to prove that something is the case with factual certainty.
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Benjamin Jowett
Benjamin Jowett (modern variant; 15 April 1817 – 1 October 1893) was renowned as an influential tutor and administrative reformer in the University of Oxford, a theologian and translator of Plato and Thucydides.
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Capitalism
Capitalism is an economic system based upon private ownership of the means of production and their operation for profit.
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Chicago
Chicago, officially the City of Chicago, is the third most populous city in the United States, after New York City and Los Angeles.
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Classical logic
Classical logic (or standard logic) is an intensively studied and widely used class of formal logics.
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Coherentism
Coherentism is the name given to a few philosophical theories in modern epistemology.
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Collectively exhaustive events
In probability theory and logic, a set of events is jointly or collectively exhaustive if at least one of the events must occur.
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Colloquialism
Everyday language, everyday speech, common parlance, informal language, colloquial language, general parlance, or vernacular (but this has other meanings too), is the most used variety of a language, which is usually employed in conversation or other communication in informal situations.
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Completeness (logic)
In mathematical logic and metalogic, a formal system is called complete with respect to a particular property if every formula having the property can be derived using that system, i.e. is one of its theorems; otherwise the system is said to be incomplete.
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Consistency
In classical deductive logic, a consistent theory is one that does not contain a contradiction.
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Contrary (logic)
Contrary is the relationship between two propositions when they cannot both be true (although both may be false).
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Dialectical materialism
Dialectical materialism (sometimes abbreviated diamat) is a philosophy of science and nature developed in Europe and based on the writings of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels.
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Dialetheism
Dialetheism is the view that there are statements which are both true and false.
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Dionysodorus (sophist)
Dionysodorus (Greek: Διονυσόδωρος, Dionysódōros, c. 430 – late 5th century or early 4th century BCE) was an ancient Greek sophistic philosopher and teacher of martial arts, generalship, and oration.
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Double standard
A double standard is the application of different sets of principles for similar situations.
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Doublethink
Doublethink is the act of simultaneously accepting two mutually contradictory beliefs as correct, often in distinct social contexts.
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Emil Leon Post
Emil Leon Post (February 11, 1897 – April 21, 1954) was an American mathematician and logician.
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Encyclopædia Britannica
The Encyclopædia Britannica (Latin for "British Encyclopaedia"), published by Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc., is a general knowledge English-language encyclopaedia.
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Epistemology
Epistemology is the branch of philosophy concerned with the theory of knowledge.
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Ernest Nagel
Ernest Nagel (November 16, 1901 – September 20, 1985) was an American philosopher of science.
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Euthydemus (dialogue)
Euthydemus (Εὐθύδημος, Euthydemos), written c. 384 BC, is a dialogue by Plato which satirizes what Plato presents as the logical fallacies of the Sophists.
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False (logic)
In logic, false or untrue is the state of possessing negative truth value or a nullary logical connective.
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First-order logic
First-order logic—also known as first-order predicate calculus and predicate logic—is a collection of formal systems used in mathematics, philosophy, linguistics, and computer science.
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Formal proof
A formal proof or derivation is a finite sequence of sentences (called well-formed formulas in the case of a formal language), each of which is an axiom, an assumption, or follows from the preceding sentences in the sequence by a rule of inference.
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Formal system
A formal system is the name of a logic system usually defined in the mathematical way.
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Graham Priest
Graham Priest (born 1948) is Distinguished Professor of Philosophy at the CUNY Graduate Center, as well as a regular visitor at the University of Melbourne where he was Boyce Gibson Professor of Philosophy and also at the University of St Andrews.
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Great Books of the Western World
Great Books of the Western World is a series of books originally published in the United States in 1952, by Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc., to present the Great Books in a 54-volume set.
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Hegelianism
Hegelianism is the philosophy of G. W. F. Hegel which can be summed up by the dictum that "the rational alone is real", which means that all reality is capable of being expressed in rational categories.
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If and only if
In logic and related fields such as mathematics and philosophy, if and only if (shortened iff) is a biconditional logical connective between statements.
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Irony
Irony, in its broadest sense, is a rhetorical device, literary technique, or event in which what appears, on the surface, to be the case, differs radically from what is actually the case.
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James R. Newman
James Roy Newman (1907–1966) was an American mathematician and mathematical historian.
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Józef Maria Bocheński
Józef Maria Bocheński (Czuszów, Congress Poland, Russian Empire, 30 August 1902 – 8 February 1995, Fribourg, Switzerland) was a Polish Dominican, logician and philosopher.
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Kurt Gödel
Kurt Friedrich Gödel (April 28, 1906 – January 14, 1978) was an Austrian, and later American, logician, mathematician, and philosopher.
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Law of noncontradiction
In classical logic, the law of non-contradiction (LNC) (also known as the law of contradiction, principle of non-contradiction (PNC), or the principle of contradiction) states that contradictory statements cannot both be true in the same sense at the same time, e.g. the two propositions "A is B" and "A is not B" are mutually exclusive.
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Logical consequence
Logical consequence (also entailment) is a fundamental concept in logic, which describes the relationship between statements that hold true when one statement logically follows from one or more statements.
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Mathematical proof
In mathematics, a proof is an inferential argument for a mathematical statement.
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Mathematics
Mathematics (from Greek μάθημα máthēma, "knowledge, study, learning") is the study of such topics as quantity, structure, space, and change.
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Means of production
In economics and sociology, the means of production (also called capital goods) are physical non-human and non-financial inputs used in the production of economic value.
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Modus ponens
In propositional logic, modus ponens (MP; also modus ponendo ponens (Latin for "mode that affirms by affirming") or implication elimination) is a rule of inference.
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Mutual exclusivity
In logic and probability theory, two events (or propositions) are mutually exclusive or disjoint if they cannot both occur (be true).
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On Contradiction
On Contradiction is a 1937 essay by the Chinese Communist revolutionary Mao Zedong.
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Oxymoron
An oxymoron (usual plural oxymorons, more rarely oxymora) is a rhetorical device that uses an ostensible self-contradiction to illustrate a rhetorical point or to reveal a paradox.
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Paraconsistent logic
A paraconsistent logic is a logical system that attempts to deal with contradictions in a discriminating way.
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Paradox
A paradox is a statement that, despite apparently sound reasoning from true premises, leads to an apparently self-contradictory or logically unacceptable conclusion.
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Plato
Plato (Πλάτων Plátōn, in Classical Attic; 428/427 or 424/423 – 348/347 BC) was a philosopher in Classical Greece and the founder of the Academy in Athens, the first institution of higher learning in the Western world.
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Presupposition
In the branch of linguistics known as pragmatics, a presupposition (or PSP) is an implicit assumption about the world or background belief relating to an utterance whose truth is taken for granted in discourse.
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Principia Mathematica
The Principia Mathematica (often abbreviated PM) is a three-volume work on the foundations of mathematics written by Alfred North Whitehead and Bertrand Russell and published in 1910, 1912, and 1913.
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Principle of explosion
The principle of explosion (Latin: ex falso (sequitur) quodlibet (EFQ), "from falsehood, anything (follows)", or ex contradictione (sequitur) quodlibet (ECQ), "from contradiction, anything (follows)"), or the principle of Pseudo-Scotus, is the law of classical logic, intuitionistic logic and similar logical systems, according to which any statement can be proven from a contradiction.
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Proletariat
The proletariat (from Latin proletarius "producing offspring") is the class of wage-earners in a capitalist society whose only possession of significant material value is their labour-power (their ability to work).
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Proof by contradiction
In logic, proof by contradiction is a form of proof, and more specifically a form of indirect proof, that establishes the truth or validity of a proposition.
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Proposition
The term proposition has a broad use in contemporary analytic philosophy.
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Propositional calculus
Propositional calculus is a branch of logic.
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Q.E.D.
Q.E.D. (also written QED and QED) is an initialism of the Latin phrase quod erat demonstrandum meaning "what was to be demonstrated" or "what was to be shown." Some may also use a less direct translation instead: "thus it has been demonstrated." Traditionally, the phrase is placed in its abbreviated form at the end of a mathematical proof or philosophical argument when the original proposition has been restated exactly, as the conclusion of the demonstration or completion of the proof.
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Robert Maynard Hutchins
Robert Maynard Hutchins (January 17, 1899 – May 14, 1977), was an American educational philosopher, president (1929–1945) and chancellor (1945–1951) of the University of Chicago, and earlier dean of Yale Law School (1927–1929).
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Satisfiability
In mathematical logic, satisfiability and validity are elementary concepts of semantics.
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Scientific method
Scientific method is an empirical method of knowledge acquisition, which has characterized the development of natural science since at least the 17th century, involving careful observation, which includes rigorous skepticism about what one observes, given that cognitive assumptions about how the world works influence how one interprets a percept; formulating hypotheses, via induction, based on such observations; experimental testing and measurement of deductions drawn from the hypotheses; and refinement (or elimination) of the hypotheses based on the experimental findings.
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Socialism
Socialism is a range of economic and social systems characterised by social ownership and democratic control of the means of production as well as the political theories and movements associated with them.
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Socrates
Socrates (Sōkrátēs,; – 399 BC) was a classical Greek (Athenian) philosopher credited as one of the founders of Western philosophy, and as being the first moral philosopher, of the Western ethical tradition of thought.
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Substitution (logic)
Substitution is a fundamental concept in logic.
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System
A system is a regularly interacting or interdependent group of items forming an integrated whole.
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Tautology (logic)
In logic, a tautology (from the Greek word ταυτολογία) is a formula or assertion that is true in every possible interpretation.
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Tee (symbol)
The tee (⊤), also called down tack (as opposed to the up tack) or verum is a symbol used to represent.
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Thesis, antithesis, synthesis
The triad thesis, antithesis, synthesis (These, Antithese, Synthese; originally: Thesis, Antithesis, Synthesis) is often used to describe the thought of German philosopher Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel.
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TRIZ
TRIZ (теория решения изобретательских задач,, literally: "theory of the resolution of invention-related tasks") is "a problem-solving, analysis and forecasting tool derived from the study of patterns of invention in the global patent literature".
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Up tack
The up tack or falsum (⊥, \bot in LaTeX, U+22A5 in Unicode) is a constant symbol used to represent.
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Always false logic, Antilogy, Contradict, Contradicted, Contradiction (logic), Contradictions, Contradictory, False tautology, Pragmatic contradiction.
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contradiction
