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Copper indium gallium selenide solar cells

Index Copper indium gallium selenide solar cells

A copper indium gallium selenide solar cell (or CIGS cell, sometimes CI(G)S or CIS cell) is a thin-film solar cell used to convert sunlight into electric power. [1]

103 relations: Alkali metal, Alloy, Aluminium, Amorphous silicon, Annealing (metallurgy), Anode, Ascent Solar, Attenuation coefficient, Band gap, Boeing, Cadmium sulfide, Cadmium telluride photovoltaics, Carrier generation and recombination, Cathode, Chalcogenide, Chalcopyrite, Charge carrier, Chemical bath deposition, Chemical bond, Chemical vapor deposition, Coating, Concentrator photovoltaics, Copper, Copper indium gallium selenide, Crystalline silicon, Crystallite, Crystallography, CZTS, Depletion region, Deposition (chemistry), Direct and indirect band gaps, Electrical resistivity and conductivity, Electrode, Electronvolt, Electrophoretic deposition, Electroplating, Electrospray, Environmental hazard, Extrinsic semiconductor, Flexible electronics, Flisom, Gallium, Glass, Global Solar Energy, Group 3 element, Group 6 element, Growth of photovoltaics, HelioVolt, Heterojunction, Homojunction, ..., In situ, Indium, Intermetallic, International Solar Electric Technology, Intrinsic and extrinsic properties, Ion beam, Ion beam-assisted deposition, Laboratory, List of CIGS companies, Manz, Metalorganic vapour phase epitaxy, Miasolé, Micrometre, Millimetre, Molybdenum, Nanoparticle, Nanosolar, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Nickel, Open-circuit voltage, Oxygen, Periodic table, Plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition, Polycrystalline silicon, Polyimide, Porosity, Precursor (chemistry), Roll-to-roll processing, Saint-Gobain, Selenium, Semiconductor, Sintering, Soda–lime glass, Solar cell, Solar cell efficiency, Solar Frontier, Solid solution, SoloPower, Solyndra, Sputtering, Steel, Stoichiometry, SunPower, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Tetrahedron, Texture (crystalline), Thin film, Thin-film solar cell, United States Department of Energy national laboratories, Vacuum, Würth, Window, Zinc oxide. Expand index (53 more) »

Alkali metal

The alkali metals are a group (column) in the periodic table consisting of the chemical elements lithium (Li), sodium (Na), potassium (K),The symbols Na and K for sodium and potassium are derived from their Latin names, natrium and kalium; these are still the names for the elements in some languages, such as German and Russian.

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Alloy

An alloy is a combination of metals or of a metal and another element.

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Aluminium

Aluminium or aluminum is a chemical element with symbol Al and atomic number 13.

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Amorphous silicon

Amorphous silicon (a-Si) is the non-crystalline form of silicon used for solar cells and thin-film transistors in LCDs.

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Annealing (metallurgy)

Annealing, in metallurgy and materials science, is a heat treatment that alters the physical and sometimes chemical properties of a material to increase its ductility and reduce its hardness, making it more workable.

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Anode

An anode is an electrode through which the conventional current enters into a polarized electrical device.

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Ascent Solar

Ascent Solar Technologies, Inc. is a publicly traded photovoltaic (PV) company located in Thornton Colorado.

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Attenuation coefficient

Attenuation coefficient or narrow beam attenuation coefficient of the volume of a material characterizes how easily it can be penetrated by a beam of light, sound, particles, or other energy or matter.

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Band gap

In solid-state physics, a band gap, also called an energy gap or bandgap, is an energy range in a solid where no electron states can exist.

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Boeing

The Boeing Company is an American multinational corporation that designs, manufactures, and sells airplanes, rotorcraft, rockets, satellites, and missiles worldwide.

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Cadmium sulfide

Cadmium sulfide is the inorganic compound with the formula CdS.

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Cadmium telluride photovoltaics

Cadmium telluride (CdTe) photovoltaics describes a photovoltaic (PV) technology that is based on the use of cadmium telluride, a thin semiconductor layer designed to absorb and convert sunlight into electricity.

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Carrier generation and recombination

In the solid-state physics of semiconductors, carrier generation and recombination are processes by which mobile charge carriers (electrons and electron holes) are created and eliminated.

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Cathode

A cathode is the electrode from which a conventional current leaves a polarized electrical device.

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Chalcogenide

A chalcogenide is a chemical compound consisting of at least one chalcogen anion and at least one more electropositive element.

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Chalcopyrite

Chalcopyrite is a copper iron sulfide mineral that crystallizes in the tetragonal system.

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Charge carrier

In physics, a charge carrier is a particle free to move, carrying an electric charge, especially the particles that carry electric charges in electrical conductors.

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Chemical bath deposition

Chemical bath deposition (CBD), or chemical solution deposition (CSD), is a method to deposit thin films and nanomaterials, first described in 1869.

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Chemical bond

A chemical bond is a lasting attraction between atoms, ions or molecules that enables the formation of chemical compounds.

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Chemical vapor deposition

Chemical vapor deposition (CVD) is deposition method used to produce high quality, high-performance, solid materials, typically under vacuum.

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Coating

A coating is a covering that is applied to the surface of an object, usually referred to as the substrate.

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Concentrator photovoltaics

Concentrator photovoltaics (CPV) (also known as Concentration Photovoltaics) is a photovoltaic technology that generates electricity from sunlight.

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Copper

Copper is a chemical element with symbol Cu (from cuprum) and atomic number 29.

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Copper indium gallium selenide

Copper indium gallium (di)selenide (CIGS) is a I-III-VI2 semiconductor material composed of copper, indium, gallium, and selenium.

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Crystalline silicon

Crystalline silicon (c-Si) is the crystalline forms of silicon, either multicrystalline silicon (multi-Si) consisting of small crystals, or monocrystalline silicon (mono-Si), a continuous crystal.

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Crystallite

A crystallite is a small or even microscopic crystal which forms, for example, during the cooling of many materials.

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Crystallography

Crystallography is the experimental science of determining the arrangement of atoms in crystalline solids (see crystal structure).

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CZTS

Copper zinc tin sulfide (CZTS) is a quaternary semiconducting compound which has received increasing interest since the late 2000s for applications in thin film solar cells.

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Depletion region

In semiconductor physics, the depletion region, also called depletion layer, depletion zone, junction region, space charge region or space charge layer, is an insulating region within a conductive, doped semiconductor material where the mobile charge carriers have been diffused away, or have been forced away by an electric field.

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Deposition (chemistry)

In chemistry, deposition occurs when molecules settle out of a solution.

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Direct and indirect band gaps

In semiconductor physics, the band gap of a semiconductor is of two types, a direct band gap or an indirect band gap.

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Electrical resistivity and conductivity

Electrical resistivity (also known as resistivity, specific electrical resistance, or volume resistivity) is a fundamental property that quantifies how strongly a given material opposes the flow of electric current.

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Electrode

An electrode is an electrical conductor used to make contact with a nonmetallic part of a circuit (e.g. a semiconductor, an electrolyte, a vacuum or air).

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Electronvolt

In physics, the electronvolt (symbol eV, also written electron-volt and electron volt) is a unit of energy equal to approximately joules (symbol J).

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Electrophoretic deposition

Electrophoretic deposition (EPD), is a term for a broad range of industrial processes which includes electrocoating, cathodic electrodeposition, anodic electrodeposition, and electrophoretic coating, or electrophoretic painting.

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Electroplating

Electroplating is a process that uses an electric current to reduce dissolved metal cations so that they form a thin coherent metal coating on an electrode.

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Electrospray

The name electrospray is used for an apparatus that employs electricity to disperse a liquid or for the fine aerosol resulting from this process.

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Environmental hazard

An environmental hazard is a substance, a state or an event which has the potential to threaten the surrounding natural environment / or adversely affect people's health, including pollution and natural disasters such as storms and earthquakes Any single or combination of toxic chemical, biological, or physical agents in the environment, resulting from human activities or natural processes, that may impact the health of exposed subjects, including pollutants such as heavy metals, pesticides, biological contaminants, toxic waste, industrial and home chemicals.

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Extrinsic semiconductor

An extrinsic semiconductor is one that has been doped, that is, into which a doping agent has been introduced, giving it different electrical properties than the intrinsic (pure) semiconductor.

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Flexible electronics

Flexible electronics, also known as flex circuits, is a technology for assembling electronic circuits by mounting electronic devices on flexible plastic substrates, such as polyimide, PEEK or transparent conductive polyester film.

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Flisom

Flisom is a developer and manufacturer of photovoltaic (PV) thin film solar cells, located near Zurich, Switzerland.

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Gallium

Gallium is a chemical element with symbol Ga and atomic number 31.

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Glass

Glass is a non-crystalline amorphous solid that is often transparent and has widespread practical, technological, and decorative usage in, for example, window panes, tableware, and optoelectronics.

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Global Solar Energy

Global Solar Energy is a US-based manufacturer of CIGS solar cells, a thin-film based photovoltaic technology, with manufacturing operations in Tucson, Arizona, United States, and Berlin, Germany.

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Group 3 element

Group 3 is a group of elements in the periodic table.

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Group 6 element

Group 6, numbered by IUPAC style, is a group of elements in the periodic table.

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Growth of photovoltaics

Worldwide growth of photovoltaics has been an exponential curve between 1992–2017.

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HelioVolt

HelioVolt Corporation was a privately held U.S. solar energy company based in Austin, Texas, that suspended operations in 2014.

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Heterojunction

A heterojunction is the interface that occurs between two layers or regions of dissimilar crystalline semiconductors.

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Homojunction

A homojunction is a semiconductor interface that occurs between layers of similar semiconductor material, these materials have equal band gaps but typically have different doping.

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In situ

In situ (often not italicized in English) is a Latin phrase that translates literally to "on site" or "in position".

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Indium

Indium is a chemical element with symbol In and atomic number 49.

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Intermetallic

An intermetallic (also called an intermetallic compound, intermetallic alloy, ordered intermetallic alloy, and a long-range-ordered alloy) is a solid-state compound exhibiting metallic bonding, defined stoichiometry and ordered crystal structure.

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International Solar Electric Technology

International Solar Electric Technology, or ISET, is a company heavily invested in copper indium gallium selenide (CIGS) photovoltaics.

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Intrinsic and extrinsic properties

An intrinsic property is a property of a system or of a material itself or within.

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Ion beam

An ion beam is a type of charged particle beam consisting of ions.

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Ion beam-assisted deposition

Ion beam assisted deposition or IBAD or IAD (not to be confused with ion beam induced deposition, IBID) is a materials engineering technique which combines ion implantation with simultaneous sputtering or another physical vapor deposition technique.

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Laboratory

A laboratory (informally, lab) is a facility that provides controlled conditions in which scientific or technological research, experiments, and measurement may be performed.

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List of CIGS companies

This list of notable companies manufacturing copper indium gallium selenide solar cells (CIGS) includes a number of companies, some of which have significantly reduced or completely closed down production.

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Manz

Manz AG (formerly Manz Automation) is a German multinational engineering company active in the fields of automation, laser processesing, metrology, wet chemistry and roll-to-roll processing.

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Metalorganic vapour phase epitaxy

Metalorganic vapour phase epitaxy (MOVPE), also known as organometallic vapour phase epitaxy (OMVPE) or metalorganic chemical vapour deposition (MOCVD), is a chemical vapour deposition method used to produce single or polycrystalline thin films.

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Miasolé

MiaSolé is an American solar energy company selling copper indium gallium selenide (CIGS) thin-film photovoltaic products. MiaSolé's manufacturing process lays CIGS on a flexible stainless steel substrate. MiaSolé produces all layers of photovoltaic material in a continuous sputtering process. Based in Santa Clara, California, the company is focused on large-scale commercial and utility projects, and was acquired by privately held Chinese clean energy company Hanergy in 2013.

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Micrometre

The micrometre (International spelling as used by the International Bureau of Weights and Measures; SI symbol: μm) or micrometer (American spelling), also commonly known as a micron, is an SI derived unit of length equaling (SI standard prefix "micro-".

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Millimetre

The millimetre (International spelling as used by the International Bureau of Weights and Measures; SI unit symbol mm) or millimeter (American spelling) is a unit of length in the metric system, equal to one thousandth of a metre, which is the SI base unit of length.

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Molybdenum

Molybdenum is a chemical element with symbol Mo and atomic number 42.

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Nanoparticle

Nanoparticles are particles between 1 and 100 nanometres (nm) in size with a surrounding interfacial layer.

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Nanosolar

Nanosolar was a developer of solar power technology.

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National Renewable Energy Laboratory

The National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), located in Golden, Colorado, specializes in renewable energy and energy efficiency research and development.

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Nickel

Nickel is a chemical element with symbol Ni and atomic number 28.

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Open-circuit voltage

Open-circuit voltage (abbreviated as OCV or VOC) is the difference of electrical potential between two terminals of a device when disconnected from any circuit.

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Oxygen

Oxygen is a chemical element with symbol O and atomic number 8.

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Periodic table

The periodic table is a tabular arrangement of the chemical elements, ordered by their atomic number, electron configuration, and recurring chemical properties, whose structure shows periodic trends.

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Plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition

Plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) is a chemical vapor deposition process used to deposit thin films from a gas state (vapor) to a solid state on a substrate.

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Polycrystalline silicon

Polycrystalline silicon, also called polysilicon or poly-Si, is a high purity, polycrystalline form of silicon, used as a raw material by the solar photovoltaic and electronics industry.

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Polyimide

Polyimide (sometimes abbreviated PI) is a polymer of imide monomers.

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Porosity

Porosity or void fraction is a measure of the void (i.e. "empty") spaces in a material, and is a fraction of the volume of voids over the total volume, between 0 and 1, or as a percentage between 0% and 100%.

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Precursor (chemistry)

In chemistry, a precursor is a compound that participates in a chemical reaction that produces another compound.

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Roll-to-roll processing

In the field of electronic devices, Roll-to-roll processing, also known as web processing, reel-to-reel processing or R2R, is the process of creating electronic devices on a roll of flexible plastic or metal foil.

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Saint-Gobain

Saint-Gobain S.A. is a French multinational corporation, founded in 1665 in Paris and headquartered on the outskirts of Paris, at La Défense and in Courbevoie.

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Selenium

Selenium is a chemical element with symbol Se and atomic number 34.

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Semiconductor

A semiconductor material has an electrical conductivity value falling between that of a conductor – such as copper, gold etc.

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Sintering

Clinker nodules produced by sintering Sintering is the process of compacting and forming a solid mass of material by heat or pressure without melting it to the point of liquefaction.

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Soda–lime glass

Soda–lime glass, also called soda–lime–silica glass, is the most prevalent type of glass, used for windowpanes and glass containers (bottles and jars) for beverages, food, and some commodity items.

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Solar cell

A solar cell, or photovoltaic cell, is an electrical device that converts the energy of light directly into electricity by the photovoltaic effect, which is a physical and chemical phenomenon.

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Solar cell efficiency

Solar cell efficiency refers to the portion of energy in the form of sunlight that can be converted via photovoltaics into electricity.

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Solar Frontier

Solar Frontier Kabushiki Kaisha is a Japanese photovoltaic company that develops and manufactures thin film solar cells using CIGS technology.

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Solid solution

A solid solution is a solid-state solution of one or more solutes in a solvent.

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SoloPower

SoloPower is a solar energy company developing and manufacturing Copper indium gallium selenide (CIGS) Thin-film flexible Photo-voltaic Solar Panels.

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Solyndra

Solyndra was a manufacturer of cylindrical panels of copper indium gallium selenide (CIGS) thin film solar cells based in Fremont, California.

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Sputtering

Sputtering is a process whereby particles are ejected from a solid target material due to bombardment of the target by energetic particles, particularly gas ions in a laboratory.

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Steel

Steel is an alloy of iron and carbon and other elements.

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Stoichiometry

Stoichiometry is the calculation of reactants and products in chemical reactions.

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SunPower

SunPower Corporation is an American energy company that designs and manufactures crystalline silicon photovoltaic cells and solar panels based on an all-back-contact solar cell invented at Stanford University.

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Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology

The Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (Empa, German acronym for Eidgenössische Materialprüfungs- und Forschungsanstalt) is an interdisciplinary Swiss research institute for applied materials sciences and technology.

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Tetrahedron

In geometry, a tetrahedron (plural: tetrahedra or tetrahedrons), also known as a triangular pyramid, is a polyhedron composed of four triangular faces, six straight edges, and four vertex corners.

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Texture (crystalline)

In materials science, texture is the distribution of crystallographic orientations of a polycrystalline sample (it is also part of the geological fabric).

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Thin film

A thin film is a layer of material ranging from fractions of a nanometer (monolayer) to several micrometers in thickness.

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Thin-film solar cell

A thin-film solar cell is a second generation solar cell that is made by depositing one or more thin layers, or thin film (TF) of photovoltaic material on a substrate, such as glass, plastic or metal.

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United States Department of Energy national laboratories

The United States Department of Energy National Laboratories and Technology Centers are a system of facilities and laboratories overseen by the United States Department of Energy (DOE) for the purpose of advancing science and technology to fulfill the DOE mission.

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Vacuum

Vacuum is space devoid of matter.

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Würth

The Würth Group (Würth-Gruppe) is a worldwide wholesaler of fasteners, screws and screw accessories, dowels, chemicals, electronic and electromechanical components, furniture and construction fittings, tools, machines, installation material, automotive hardware, inventory management, storage and retrieval systems.

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Window

A window is an opening in a wall, door, roof or vehicle that allows the passage of light, sound, and air.

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Zinc oxide

Zinc oxide is an inorganic compound with the formula ZnO.

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Redirects here:

CIGS cell, CIGS panel, CIGS solar cell, CIS solar cells, Copper Indium Gallium Selenide Solar Cells, Copper iIndium gallium selenide solar cells, Copper indium gallium selenide solar cell, Selenium cell.

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copper_indium_gallium_selenide_solar_cells

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