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72 relations: Allotropy, Amorphous silicon, Amorphous solid, Boule (crystal), Cadmium, Cadmium sulfide, Cadmium telluride photovoltaics, Concentrator photovoltaics, Copper indium gallium selenide solar cells, Crystal, Crystal growth, Czochralski process, Electric arc furnace, Electronics, Energy economics, Energy returned on energy invested, Fraunhofer Society, Germanium, Growth of photovoltaics, Heterojunction, Indium gallium arsenide, Indium gallium phosphide, Integrated circuit, International Energy Agency, Intrinsic and extrinsic properties, Irradiance, Kilowatt hour, Lead, Life-cycle assessment, List of types of solar cells, Microcrystalline, Micrometre, Monocrystalline silicon, Multi-junction solar cell, Nameplate capacity, Nanocrystalline silicon, Net energy gain, Nominal power (photovoltaic), Open-circuit voltage, Panasonic, Paracrystalline, Payback period, P–n junction, Phase (matter), Photovoltaic system, Photovoltaics, Polycrystalline silicon, Porous silicon, Protocrystalline, Quartz, ..., Saw, Semiconductor, Short circuit, Silicon, Smelting, Solar cell, Solar cell efficiency, Solar irradiance, Solar panel, Solar panels on spacecraft, Solar power, Solder, Space-based solar power, Square metre, String ribbon, Theory of solar cells, Thin layers (oceanography), Thin-film solar cell, Toxic heavy metal, Wafer (electronics), Watt, Wire saw. Expand index (22 more) »
Allotropy
Allotropy or allotropism is the property of some chemical elements to exist in two or more different forms, in the same physical state, known as allotropes of these elements.
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Amorphous silicon
Amorphous silicon (a-Si) is the non-crystalline form of silicon used for solar cells and thin-film transistors in LCDs.
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Amorphous solid
In condensed matter physics and materials science, an amorphous (from the Greek a, without, morphé, shape, form) or non-crystalline solid is a solid that lacks the long-range order that is characteristic of a crystal.
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Boule (crystal)
A boule is a single crystal ingot produced by synthetic means.
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Cadmium
Cadmium is a chemical element with symbol Cd and atomic number 48.
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Cadmium sulfide
Cadmium sulfide is the inorganic compound with the formula CdS.
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Cadmium telluride photovoltaics
Cadmium telluride (CdTe) photovoltaics describes a photovoltaic (PV) technology that is based on the use of cadmium telluride, a thin semiconductor layer designed to absorb and convert sunlight into electricity.
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Concentrator photovoltaics
Concentrator photovoltaics (CPV) (also known as Concentration Photovoltaics) is a photovoltaic technology that generates electricity from sunlight.
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Copper indium gallium selenide solar cells
A copper indium gallium selenide solar cell (or CIGS cell, sometimes CI(G)S or CIS cell) is a thin-film solar cell used to convert sunlight into electric power.
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Crystal
A crystal or crystalline solid is a solid material whose constituents (such as atoms, molecules, or ions) are arranged in a highly ordered microscopic structure, forming a crystal lattice that extends in all directions.
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Crystal growth
Crystal growth is the process where a pre-existing crystal becomes larger as more molecules or ions add in their positions in the crystal lattice.
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Czochralski process
The Czochralski process is a method of crystal growth used to obtain single crystals of semiconductors (e.g. silicon, germanium and gallium arsenide), metals (e.g. palladium, platinum, silver, gold), salts and synthetic gemstones.
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Electric arc furnace
An electric arc furnace (EAF) is a furnace that heats charged material by means of an electric arc.
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Electronics
Electronics is the discipline dealing with the development and application of devices and systems involving the flow of electrons in a vacuum, in gaseous media, and in semiconductors.
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Energy economics
Energy economics is a broad scientific subject area which includes topics related to supply and use of energy in societies.
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Energy returned on energy invested
In physics, energy economics, and ecological energetics, energy returned on energy invested (EROEI or ERoEI); or energy return on investment (EROI), is the ratio of the amount of usable energy (the exergy) delivered from a particular energy resource to the amount of exergy used to obtain that energy resource.
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Fraunhofer Society
The Fraunhofer Society (Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V., "Fraunhofer Society for the Advancement of Applied Research") is a German research organization with 69institutes spread throughout Germany, each focusing on different fields of applied science (as opposed to the Max Planck Society, which works primarily on basic science).
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Germanium
Germanium is a chemical element with symbol Ge and atomic number 32.
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Growth of photovoltaics
Worldwide growth of photovoltaics has been an exponential curve between 1992–2017.
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Heterojunction
A heterojunction is the interface that occurs between two layers or regions of dissimilar crystalline semiconductors.
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Indium gallium arsenide
Indium gallium arsenide (InGaAs) (alternatively gallium indium arsenide, GaInAs) is a ternary alloy (chemical compound) of indium arsenide (InAs) and gallium arsenide (GaAs).
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Indium gallium phosphide
Indium gallium phosphide (InGaP), also called gallium indium phosphide (GaInP), is a semiconductor composed of indium, gallium and phosphorus.
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Integrated circuit
An integrated circuit or monolithic integrated circuit (also referred to as an IC, a chip, or a microchip) is a set of electronic circuits on one small flat piece (or "chip") of semiconductor material, normally silicon.
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International Energy Agency
The International Energy Agency (IEA) (Agence internationale de l'énergie) is a Paris-based autonomous intergovernmental organization established in the framework of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) in 1974 in the wake of the 1973 oil crisis.
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Intrinsic and extrinsic properties
An intrinsic property is a property of a system or of a material itself or within.
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Irradiance
In radiometry, irradiance is the radiant flux (power) received by a surface per unit area.
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Kilowatt hour
The kilowatt hour (symbol kWh, kW⋅h or kW h) is a unit of energy equal to 3.6 megajoules.
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Lead
Lead is a chemical element with symbol Pb (from the Latin plumbum) and atomic number 82.
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Life-cycle assessment
Life-cycle assessment (LCA, also known as life-cycle analysis, ecobalance, and cradle-to-grave analysis) is a technique to assess environmental impacts associated with all the stages of a product's life from raw material extraction through materials processing, manufacture, distribution, use, repair and maintenance, and disposal or recycling.
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List of types of solar cells
For description and history, see Solar cell A solar cell (also called photovoltaic cell or photoelectric cell) is a solid state electrical device that converts the energy of light directly into electricity by the photovoltaic effect.
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Microcrystalline
A microcrystalline material is a crystallized substance or rock that contains small crystals visible only through microscopic examination.
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Micrometre
The micrometre (International spelling as used by the International Bureau of Weights and Measures; SI symbol: μm) or micrometer (American spelling), also commonly known as a micron, is an SI derived unit of length equaling (SI standard prefix "micro-".
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Monocrystalline silicon
Monocrystalline silicon (also called "single-crystal silicon", "single-crystal Si", "mono c-Si", or mono-Si) is the base material for silicon chips used in virtually all electronic equipment today.
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Multi-junction solar cell
Multi-junction (MJ) solar cells are solar cells with multiple p–n junctions made of different semiconductor materials.
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Nameplate capacity
Nameplate capacity, also known as the rated capacity, nominal capacity, installed capacity, or maximum effect, is the intended full-load sustained output of a facility such as a power plant, Energy Information Administration.
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Nanocrystalline silicon
Nanocrystalline silicon (nc-Si), sometimes also known as microcrystalline silicon (μc-Si), is a form of porous silicon.
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Net energy gain
Net Energy Gain (NEG) is a concept used in energy economics that refers to the difference between the energy expended to harvest an energy source and the amount of energy gained from that harvest.
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Nominal power (photovoltaic)
The nominal power is the nameplate capacity of photovoltaic (PV) devices, such as solar cells, panels and systems, and is determined by measuring the electric current and voltage in a circuit, while varying the resistance under precisely defined conditions.
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Open-circuit voltage
Open-circuit voltage (abbreviated as OCV or VOC) is the difference of electrical potential between two terminals of a device when disconnected from any circuit.
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Panasonic
, formerly known as, is a Japanese multinational electronics corporation headquartered in Kadoma, Osaka, Japan.
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Paracrystalline
Paracrystalline materials are defined as having short- and medium-range ordering in their lattice (similar to the liquid crystal phases) but lacking crystal-like long-range ordering at least in one direction.
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Payback period
Payback period in capital budgeting refers to the period of time required to recoup the funds expended in an investment, or to reach the break-even point.
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P–n junction
A p–n junction is a boundary or interface between two types of semiconductor materials, p-type and n-type, inside a single crystal of semiconductor.
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Phase (matter)
In the physical sciences, a phase is a region of space (a thermodynamic system), throughout which all physical properties of a material are essentially uniform.
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Photovoltaic system
A photovoltaic system, also PV system or solar power system, is a power system designed to supply usable solar power by means of photovoltaics.
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Photovoltaics
Photovoltaics (PV) is a term which covers the conversion of light into electricity using semiconducting materials that exhibit the photovoltaic effect, a phenomenon studied in physics, photochemistry, and electrochemistry.
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Polycrystalline silicon
Polycrystalline silicon, also called polysilicon or poly-Si, is a high purity, polycrystalline form of silicon, used as a raw material by the solar photovoltaic and electronics industry.
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Porous silicon
Porous silicon (abbreviated as "PS" or "pSi") is a form of the chemical element silicon that has introduced nanopores in its microstructure, rendering a large surface to volume ratio in the order of 500 m2/cm3.
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Protocrystalline
A protocrystalline phase is a distinct phase occurring during crystal growth which evolves into a microcrystalline form.
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Quartz
Quartz is a mineral composed of silicon and oxygen atoms in a continuous framework of SiO4 silicon–oxygen tetrahedra, with each oxygen being shared between two tetrahedra, giving an overall chemical formula of SiO2.
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Saw
A saw is a tool consisting of a tough blade, wire, or chain with a hard toothed edge.
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Semiconductor
A semiconductor material has an electrical conductivity value falling between that of a conductor – such as copper, gold etc.
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Short circuit
A short circuit (sometimes abbreviated to short or s/c) is an electrical circuit that allows a current to travel along an unintended path with no or a very low electrical impedance.
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Silicon
Silicon is a chemical element with symbol Si and atomic number 14.
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Smelting
Smelting is a process of applying heat to ore in order to melt out a base metal.
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Solar cell
A solar cell, or photovoltaic cell, is an electrical device that converts the energy of light directly into electricity by the photovoltaic effect, which is a physical and chemical phenomenon.
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Solar cell efficiency
Solar cell efficiency refers to the portion of energy in the form of sunlight that can be converted via photovoltaics into electricity.
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Solar irradiance
Solar irradiance is the power per unit area received from the Sun in the form of electromagnetic radiation in the wavelength range of the measuring instrument.
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Solar panel
Photovoltaic solar panels absorb sunlight as a source of energy to generate electricity.
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Solar panels on spacecraft
Spacecraft operating in the inner Solar System usually rely on the use of photovoltaic solar panels to derive electricity from sunlight.
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Solar power
Solar power is the conversion of energy from sunlight into electricity, either directly using photovoltaics (PV), indirectly using concentrated solar power, or a combination.
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Solder
Solder (or in North America) is a fusible metal alloy used to create a permanent bond between metal workpieces.
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Space-based solar power
Space-based solar power (SBSP) is the concept of collecting solar power in outer space and distributing it to Earth.
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Square metre
The square metre (International spelling as used by the International Bureau of Weights and Measures) or square meter (American spelling) is the SI derived unit of area, with symbol m2 (Unicode character). It is the area of a square whose sides measure exactly one metre.
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String ribbon
Ribbon solar cells are a 1970s technology most recently sold by Evergreen Solar (which is now in receivership, i.e. bankrupt and liquidated), among other manufacturers.
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Theory of solar cells
The theory of solar cells explains the process by which light energy in photons is converted into electric current when the photons strike a suitable semiconductor device.
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Thin layers (oceanography)
Thin layers are congregations of phytoplankton and zooplankton in the water column which were discovered with advances in instrumentation and deployment technologies allowed samples at the temporal and spatial scales where patterns were revealed.
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Thin-film solar cell
A thin-film solar cell is a second generation solar cell that is made by depositing one or more thin layers, or thin film (TF) of photovoltaic material on a substrate, such as glass, plastic or metal.
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Toxic heavy metal
A toxic heavy metal is any relatively dense metal or metalloid that is noted for its potential toxicity, especially in environmental contexts.
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Wafer (electronics)
A wafer, also called a slice or substrate, is a thin slice of semiconductor material, such as a crystalline silicon, used in electronics for the fabrication of integrated circuits and in photovoltaics for conventional, wafer-based solar cells.
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Watt
The watt (symbol: W) is a unit of power.
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Wire saw
A wire saw is a saw that uses a metal wire or cable for cutting.
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References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crystalline_silicon
