96 relations: Adenosine A2A receptor, Adenylyl cyclase, Agonist, Allele, Allosteric modulator, Alternative splicing, Amisulpride, ANKK1, Antipsychotic, Aplindore, Aripiprazole, Armodafinil, Atypical antipsychotic, Autoreceptor, Brexpiprazole, Bromocriptine, Buspirone, C957T, Cabergoline, Cariprazine, Cell membrane, Chloroethylnorapomorphine, Chlorpromazine, Cinnarizine, D1–D2 dopamine receptor heteromer, Dentate gyrus, Desmethoxyfallypride, Dihydrexidine, Domperidone, Dopamine, Dopamine receptor, Dopamine receptor D3, Dopamine receptor D5, Dopaminergic, EPB41L1, Eticlopride, Exon, Fallypride, G protein, G protein–coupled receptor, Gene, GPCR oligomer, Growth hormone secretagogue receptor, GSK-3, GSK-789,472, Haloperidol, Histamine, Homocysteine, Hydroxyzine, In vitro, ..., In vivo, Itopride, Κ-opioid receptor, Ketamine, L-741,626, Ligand (biochemistry), Lysergic acid diethylamide, MPP+, Neuronal calcium sensor-1, NFAT, Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor, OSU-6162, Parkinson's disease, Phenethylamine, Piribedil, Polymorphism (biology), Positron emission tomography, PPP1R9B, Pramipexole, Prolactin modulator, Protein, Protein dimer, Protein isoform, Protein kinase B, Protein kinase C, Protein–protein interaction, Quinelorane, Quinpirole, Raclopride, Receptor (biochemistry), Ropinirole, Roxindole, RP-5063, Salvinorin A, Schizophrenia, Serotonin, Signal transduction, Sumanirole, Synapse, Synaptic plasticity, TAAR1, Talipexole, Typical antipsychotic, UH-232, Yohimbine, 5-HT2A receptor. Expand index (46 more) »
Adenosine A2A receptor
The adenosine A2A receptor, also known as ADORA2A, is an adenosine receptor, and also denotes the human gene encoding it.
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Adenylyl cyclase
Adenylyl cyclase (also commonly known as adenyl cyclase and adenylate cyclase, abbreviated AC) is an enzyme with key regulatory roles in essentially all cells.
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Agonist
An agonist is a chemical that binds to a receptor and activates the receptor to produce a biological response.
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Allele
An allele is a variant form of a given gene.
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Allosteric modulator
In biochemistry and pharmacology, an allosteric modulator (allo- from the Greek meaning "other") is a substance which indirectly influences (modulates) the effects of a primary ligand that directly activates or deactivates the function of a target protein.
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Alternative splicing
Alternative splicing, or differential splicing, is a regulated process during gene expression that results in a single gene coding for multiple proteins.
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Amisulpride
Amisulpride, sold under the brand name Solian among others, is an antipsychotic medication used to treat schizophrenia.
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ANKK1
Ankyrin repeat and kinase domain containing 1 (ANKK1) also known as protein kinase PKK2 or sugen kinase 288 (SgK288) is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ANKK1 gene.
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Antipsychotic
Antipsychotics, also known as neuroleptics or major tranquilizers, are a class of medication primarily used to manage psychosis (including delusions, hallucinations, paranoia or disordered thought), principally in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder.
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Aplindore
Aplindore (DAB-452) is a drug which acts as a partial agonist selective for the dopamine receptor D2.
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Aripiprazole
Aripiprazole, sold under the brand name Abilify among others, is an atypical antipsychotic. It is recommended and primarily used in the treatment of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Other uses include as an add-on treatment in major depressive disorder, tic disorders, and irritability associated with autism. According to a Cochrane review, evidence for the oral form in schizophrenia is not sufficient to determine effects on general functioning. Additionally, because many people dropped out of the medication trials before they were completed, the overall strength of the conclusions is low. Side effects include neuroleptic malignant syndrome, a movement disorder known as tardive dyskinesia, and high blood sugar in those with diabetes. In the elderly there is an increased risk of death. It is thus not recommended for use in those with psychosis due to dementia. It is pregnancy category C in the United States and category C in Australia, meaning there is possible evidence of harm to the fetus. It is not recommended for women who are breastfeeding. It is unclear whether it is safe or effective in people less than 18 years old. It is a partial dopamine agonist. Aripiprazole was developed by Otsuka in Japan. In the United States, Otsuka America markets it jointly with Bristol-Myers Squibb. From April 2013 to March 2014, sales of Abilify amounted to almost $6.9 billion.
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Armodafinil
Armodafinil (trade name Nuvigil) is the enantiopure compound of the eugeroic modafinil (Provigil).
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Atypical antipsychotic
The atypical antipsychotics (AAP; also known as second generation antipsychotics (SGAs)) are a group of antipsychotic drugs (antipsychotic drugs in general are also known as major tranquilizers and neuroleptics, although the latter is usually reserved for the typical antipsychotics) used to treat psychiatric conditions.
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Autoreceptor
An autoreceptor is a type of receptor located in the membranes of presynaptic nerve cells.
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Brexpiprazole
Brexpiprazole, sold under the brand name Rexulti, is an atypical antipsychotic.
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Bromocriptine
Bromocriptine (originally marketed as Parlodel, subsequently under many names) is an ergoline derivative, is a dopamine agonist that is used in the treatment of pituitary tumors, Parkinson's disease (PD), hyperprolactinaemia, neuroleptic malignant syndrome, and type 2 diabetes.
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Buspirone
Buspirone, sold under the brand name Buspar, is an anxiolytic drug that is primarily used to treat generalized anxiety disorder (GAD).
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C957T
The C957T gene polymorphism is a synonymous mutation located within the 957th base pair of the DRD2 gene.
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Cabergoline
Cabergoline (brand names Dostinex and others), an ergot derivative, is a potent dopamine receptor agonist on D2 receptors.
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Cariprazine
Cariprazine, sold under the brand names Vraylar in the United States and Reagila in Europe, is an atypical antipsychotic which is used in the treatment of schizophrenia and bipolar mania.
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Cell membrane
The cell membrane (also known as the plasma membrane or cytoplasmic membrane, and historically referred to as the plasmalemma) is a biological membrane that separates the interior of all cells from the outside environment (the extracellular space).
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Chloroethylnorapomorphine
Chloroethylnorapomorphine is a chemical once thought to be an irreversible dopamine D2 receptor antagonist; however, it was later proved to be reversible.
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Chlorpromazine
Chlorpromazine (CPZ), marketed under the trade names Thorazine and Largactil among others, is an antipsychotic medication.
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Cinnarizine
Cinnarizine is an antihistamine and calcium channel blocker of the diphenylmethylpiperazine group.
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D1–D2 dopamine receptor heteromer
The D1–D2 dopamine receptor heteromer is a receptor heteromer consisting of D1 and D2 protomers.
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Dentate gyrus
The dentate gyrus is part of a brain region known as the hippocampus (part of the hippocampal formation).
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Desmethoxyfallypride
Desmethoxyfallypride is a moderate affinity dopamine D2 receptor/D3 receptor antagonist used in medical research, usually in the form of the radiopharmaceuticals desmethoxyfallypride or DMFP(18F) and has been used in human studies as a positron emission tomography (PET) radiotracer.
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Dihydrexidine
Dihydrexidine (DAR-0100) is a moderately selective full agonist at the dopamine D1 and D5 receptors.
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Domperidone
Domperidone, sold under the brand name Motilium among others, is a peripherally selective dopamine D2 receptor antagonist that was developed by Janssen Pharmaceutica and is used as an antiemetic, gastroprokinetic agent, and galactagogue.
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Dopamine
Dopamine (DA, a contraction of 3,4-dihydroxyphenethylamine) is an organic chemical of the catecholamine and phenethylamine families that plays several important roles in the brain and body.
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Dopamine receptor
Dopamine receptors are a class of G protein-coupled receptors that are prominent in the vertebrate central nervous system (CNS).
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Dopamine receptor D3
Dopamine receptor D3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the DRD3 gene.
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Dopamine receptor D5
Dopamine receptor D5, also known as D1BR, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the DRD5 gene.
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Dopaminergic
Dopaminergic means "related to dopamine" (literally, "working on dopamine"), dopamine being a common neurotransmitter.
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EPB41L1
Band 4.1-like protein 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the EPB41L1 gene.
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Eticlopride
Eticlopride is a selective dopamine antagonist that acts on D2 dopamine receptor.
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Exon
An exon is any part of a gene that will encode a part of the final mature RNA produced by that gene after introns have been removed by RNA splicing.
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Fallypride
Fallypride is a high affinity dopamine D2/D3 receptor antagonist used in medical research, usually in the form of fallypride (18F) as a positron emission tomography (PET) radiotracer in human studies.
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G protein
G proteins, also known as guanine nucleotide-binding proteins, are a family of proteins that act as molecular switches inside cells, and are involved in transmitting signals from a variety of stimuli outside a cell to its interior.
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G protein–coupled receptor
G protein–coupled receptors (GPCRs), also known as seven-(pass)-transmembrane domain receptors, 7TM receptors, heptahelical receptors, serpentine receptor, and G protein–linked receptors (GPLR), constitute a large protein family of receptors that detect molecules outside the cell and activate internal signal transduction pathways and, ultimately, cellular responses.
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Gene
In biology, a gene is a sequence of DNA or RNA that codes for a molecule that has a function.
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GPCR oligomer
A GPCR oligomer is a protein complex that consists of a small number (ὀλίγοι oligoi "a few", μέρος méros "part, piece, component") of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs).
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Growth hormone secretagogue receptor
Growth hormone secretagogue receptor(GHS-R), also known as ghrelin receptor, is a G protein-coupled receptor that binds growth hormone secretagogues (GHSs), such as ghrelin, the "hunger hormone".
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GSK-3
Glycogen synthase kinase 3 is a serine/threonine protein kinase that mediates the addition of phosphate molecules onto serine and threonine amino acid residues.
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GSK-789,472
GSK-789,472 is a drug which acts as both a potent and selective partial agonist at the dopamine receptor D2, as well as an antagonist at the related D3 subtype, but with good selectivity over D4 and other unrelated receptors.
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Haloperidol
Haloperidol, marketed under the trade name Haldol among others, is a typical antipsychotic medication.
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Histamine
Histamine is an organic nitrogenous compound involved in local immune responses, as well as regulating physiological function in the gut and acting as a neurotransmitter for the brain, spinal cord, and uterus.
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Homocysteine
Homocysteine is a non-proteinogenic α-amino acid.
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Hydroxyzine
Hydroxyzine, sold under the brand names Atarax and Vistaril among others, is a first-generation antihistamine.
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In vitro
In vitro (meaning: in the glass) studies are performed with microorganisms, cells, or biological molecules outside their normal biological context.
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In vivo
Studies that are in vivo (Latin for "within the living"; often not italicized in English) are those in which the effects of various biological entities are tested on whole, living organisms or cells, usually animals, including humans, and plants, as opposed to a tissue extract or dead organism.
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Itopride
Itopride (INN) (brand name Ganaton) is a prokinetic benzamide derivative unlike metoclopramide or domperidone.
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Κ-opioid receptor
The κ-opioid receptor (KOR) is a G protein-coupled receptor that in humans is encoded by the OPRK1 gene.
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Ketamine
Ketamine, sold under the brand name Ketalar among others, is a medication mainly used for starting and maintaining anesthesia.
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L-741,626
L-741,626 is a drug which acts as a potent and selective antagonist for the dopamine receptor D2.
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Ligand (biochemistry)
In biochemistry and pharmacology, a ligand is a substance that forms a complex with a biomolecule to serve a biological purpose.
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Lysergic acid diethylamide
Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), also known as acid, is a psychedelic drug known for its psychological effects, which may include altered awareness of one's surroundings, perceptions, and feelings as well as sensations and images that seem real though they are not.
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MPP+
MPP+ (1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium) is a positively charged organic molecule with the chemical formula C12H12N+.
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Neuronal calcium sensor-1
Neuronal calcium sensor-1 (NCS-1) also known as frequenin homolog (Drosophila) (freq) is a protein that is encoded by the FREQ gene in humans.
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NFAT
Nuclear factor of activated T-cells (NFAT) is a family of transcription factors shown to be important in immune response.
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Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor
Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, or nAChRs, are receptor proteins that respond to the neurotransmitter acetylcholine.
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OSU-6162
OSU-6162 (PNU-96391) is a compound which acts as a partial agonist at both dopamine D2 receptors and 5-HT2A receptors.
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Parkinson's disease
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a long-term degenerative disorder of the central nervous system that mainly affects the motor system.
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Phenethylamine
Phenethylamine (PEA) is an organic compound, natural monoamine alkaloid, and trace amine which acts as a central nervous system stimulant in humans.
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Piribedil
Piribedil (trade names Pronoran, Trivastal Retard, Trastal, Trivastan, Clarium and others) is an antiparkinsonian agent and piperazine derivative which acts as a D2 and D3 receptor agonist.
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Polymorphism (biology)
Polymorphism in biology and zoology is the occurrence of two or more clearly different morphs or forms, also referred to as alternative phenotypes, in the population of a species.
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Positron emission tomography
Positron-emission tomography (PET) is a nuclear medicine functional imaging technique that is used to observe metabolic processes in the body as an aid to the diagnosis of disease.
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PPP1R9B
Neurabin-2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PPP1R9B gene.
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Pramipexole
Pramipexole (Mirapex, Mirapexin, Sifrol) is a dopamine agonist of the non-ergoline class indicated for treating Parkinson's disease (PD) and restless legs syndrome (RLS).
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Prolactin modulator
A prolactin modulator is a drug which modulates the secretion of the pituitary hormone prolactin from the anterior pituitary gland.
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Protein
Proteins are large biomolecules, or macromolecules, consisting of one or more long chains of amino acid residues.
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Protein dimer
In biochemistry, a protein dimer is a macromolecular complex formed by two protein monomers, or single proteins, which are usually non-covalently bound.
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Protein isoform
A protein isoform, or "protein variant" is a member of a set of highly similar proteins that originate from a single gene or gene family and are the result of genetic differences.
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Protein kinase B
Protein kinase B (PKB), also known as Akt, is a serine/threonine-specific protein kinase that plays a key role in multiple cellular processes such as glucose metabolism, apoptosis, cell proliferation, transcription and cell migration.
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Protein kinase C
Protein kinase C, commonly abbreviated to PKC (EC 2.7.11.13), is a family of protein kinase enzymes that are involved in controlling the function of other proteins through the phosphorylation of hydroxyl groups of serine and threonine amino acid residues on these proteins, or a member of this family.
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Protein–protein interaction
Protein–protein interactions (PPIs) are the physical contacts of high specificity established between two or more protein molecules as a result of biochemical events steered by electrostatic forces including the hydrophobic effect.
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Quinelorane
Quinelorane is a drug which acts as a dopamine agonist for the D2 and D3 receptor.
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Quinpirole
Quinpirole is a psychoactive drug and research chemical which acts as a selective D2 and D3 receptor agonist.
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Raclopride
Raclopride is a synthetic compound that acts as a selective antagonist on D2 dopamine receptors.
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Receptor (biochemistry)
In biochemistry and pharmacology, a receptor is a protein molecule that receives chemical signals from outside a cell.
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Ropinirole
Ropinirole (INN; trade names Requip, Repreve, Ronirol, Adartrel) is a dopamine agonist of the non-ergoline class of medications.
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Roxindole
Roxindole (EMD-49,980) is a dopaminergic and serotonergic drug which was originally developed for the treatment of schizophrenia.
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RP-5063
RP-5063, also known as RP-5000, is an investigational atypical antipsychotic which is under development by Reviva Pharmaceuticals for the treatment of schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder.
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Salvinorin A
Salvinorin A is the main active psychotropic molecule in Salvia divinorum, a Mexican plant which has a long history of use as an entheogen by indigenous Mazatec shamans.
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Schizophrenia
Schizophrenia is a mental disorder characterized by abnormal social behavior and failure to understand reality.
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Serotonin
Serotonin or 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) is a monoamine neurotransmitter.
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Signal transduction
Signal transduction is the process by which a chemical or physical signal is transmitted through a cell as a series of molecular events, most commonly protein phosphorylation catalyzed by protein kinases, which ultimately results in a cellular response.
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Sumanirole
Sumanirole (PNU-95,666) is a highly selective D2 receptor full agonist, the first of its kind to be discovered.
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Synapse
In the nervous system, a synapse is a structure that permits a neuron (or nerve cell) to pass an electrical or chemical signal to another neuron or to the target efferent cell.
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Synaptic plasticity
In neuroscience, synaptic plasticity is the ability of synapses to strengthen or weaken over time, in response to increases or decreases in their activity.
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TAAR1
Trace amine-associated receptor 1 (TAAR1) is a trace amine-associated receptor (TAAR) protein that in humans is encoded by the TAAR1 gene.
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Talipexole
Talipexole (B-HT920, Domnin) is a dopamine agonist that is marketed as a treatment for Parkinson's Disease in Japan by Boehringer Ingelheim; it was introduced in 1996.
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Typical antipsychotic
Typical antipsychotics are a class of antipsychotic drugs first developed in the 1950s and used to treat psychosis (in particular, schizophrenia).
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UH-232
UH-232 ((+)-UH232) is a drug which acts as a subtype selective mixed agonist-antagonist for dopamine receptors, acting as a weak partial agonist at the D3 subtype, and an antagonist at D2Sh autoreceptors on dopaminergic nerve terminals.
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Yohimbine
Yohimbine is an indole alkaloid derived from the bark of the Pausinystalia yohimbe tree in Central Africa.
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5-HT2A receptor
The mammalian 5-HT2A receptor is a subtype of the 5-HT2 receptor that belongs to the serotonin receptor family and is a G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR).
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Redirects here:
D2 receptor, D2 receptors, D2DR, D2R, D2SH, D2Sh, D2dr, D2r, D2sh, DRD2, DRD2 (gene), DRD2Sh, Dopamine D2 receptor, Dopamine d2 receptors, Dopamine receptor D2 short.
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dopamine_receptor_D2