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80 relations: Acetylcholine, Adolph Strecker, Alanine transaminase, Almond, Aphthous stomatitis, Atherosclerosis, Betaine, Bile, Blood lipids, Body odor, Broccoli, Calcium sulfate, Carbon-11-choline, Cardiovascular disease, Cauliflower, Cell membrane, Cell signaling, Cereal germ, Chemical synthesis, Chloride, Choline chloride, Citicoline, Cod, Counterion, Cruciferous vegetables, Dementia, Dietary Reference Intake, Dimethylethanolamine, Egg as food, Ester, European Food Safety Authority, Food and Drug Administration, Homocysteine, Hydroxide, Hydroxy group, Infant formula, Ion, Kidney bean, Lecithin, Liver (food), Liver disease, Liver function tests, Magnesium chloride, Medicine, Metabolite, Methyl group, Methylene bridge, National Academy of Medicine, Neural tube defect, Neurological disorder, ..., Neurotransmission, Nitrogen, Nutrient, Oscar Liebreich, Phase-transfer catalyst, Phosphatidylcholine, Phosphatidylethanolamine N-methyltransferase, Phospholipid, Photoresist, Pre-eclampsia, Precursor (chemistry), Preterm birth, Printed circuit board, Protein biosynthesis, Quaternary ammonium cation, Quinoa, Reference Daily Intake, S-Adenosyl methionine, Salicylic acid, Salt (chemistry), Soybean, Sphingomyelin, Spinach, Sunflower seed, Tartaric acid, Tofu, Trimethylamine, Trimethylaminuria, Trimethylglycine, Vitamin. Expand index (30 more) »
Acetylcholine
Acetylcholine (ACh) is an organic chemical that functions in the brain and body of many types of animals, including humans, as a neurotransmitter—a chemical message released by nerve cells to send signals to other cells.
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Adolph Strecker
Adolph Strecker (October 21, 1822 – November 7, 1871) was a German chemist who is remembered primarily for his work with amino acids.
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Alanine transaminase
Alanine transaminase (ALT) is a transaminase enzyme.
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Almond
The almond (Prunus dulcis, syn. Prunus amygdalus) is a species of tree native to Mediterranean climate regions of the Middle East, from Syria and Turkey to India and Pakistan, although it has been introduced elsewhere.
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Aphthous stomatitis
Aphthous stomatitis is a common condition characterized by the repeated formation of benign and non-contagious mouth ulcers (aphthae) in otherwise healthy individuals.
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Atherosclerosis
Atherosclerosis is a disease in which the inside of an artery narrows due to the build up of plaque.
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Betaine
A betaine in chemistry is any neutral chemical compound with a positively charged cationic functional group such as a quaternary ammonium or phosphonium cation (generally: onium ions) that bears no hydrogen atom and with a negatively charged functional group such as a carboxylate group that may not be adjacent to the cationic site.
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Bile
Bile or gall is a dark green to yellowish brown fluid, produced by the liver of most vertebrates, that aids the digestion of lipids in the small intestine.
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Blood lipids
Blood lipids (or blood fats) are lipids in the blood, either free or bound to other molecules.
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Body odor
Body odor (American English) or body odour (British English; see spelling differences) is present in animals and humans, and its intensity can be influenced by many factors (behavioral patterns, survival strategies).
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Broccoli
Broccoli is an edible green plant in the cabbage family whose large flowering head is eaten as a vegetable.
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Calcium sulfate
Calcium sulfate (or calcium sulphate) is the inorganic compound with the formula CaSO4 and related hydrates.
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Carbon-11-choline
Carbon-11 choline is the basis of medical imaging technologies.
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Cardiovascular disease
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a class of diseases that involve the heart or blood vessels.
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Cauliflower
Cauliflower is one of several vegetables in the species Brassica oleracea in the genus Brassica, which is in the family Brassicaceae.
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Cell membrane
The cell membrane (also known as the plasma membrane or cytoplasmic membrane, and historically referred to as the plasmalemma) is a biological membrane that separates the interior of all cells from the outside environment (the extracellular space).
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Cell signaling
Cell signaling (cell signalling in British English) is part of any communication process that governs basic activities of cells and coordinates all cell actions.
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Cereal germ
The germ of a cereal is the reproductive part that germinates to grow into a plant; it is the embryo of the seed.
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Chemical synthesis
Chemical synthesis is a purposeful execution of chemical reactions to obtain a product, or several products.
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Chloride
The chloride ion is the anion (negatively charged ion) Cl−.
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Choline chloride
Choline chloride is an organic compound and a quaternary ammonium salt.
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Citicoline
Citicoline (INN), also known as cytidine diphosphate-choline (CDP-Choline) or cytidine 5'-diphosphocholine is an intermediate in the generation of phosphatidylcholine from choline, a common biochemical process in cell membranes.
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Cod
Cod is the common name for the demersal fish genus Gadus, belonging to the family Gadidae.
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Counterion
Polystyrene sulfonate, a cation exchange resin, is typically supplied with Na+ as the counterion. A counterion (pronounced as two words, i.e. "counter" "ion", and sometimes written as two words) is the ion that accompanies an ionic species in order to maintain electric neutrality.
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Cruciferous vegetables
Cruciferous vegetables are vegetables of the family Brassicaceae (also called Cruciferae) with many genera, species, and cultivars being raised for food production such as cauliflower, cabbage, garden cress, bok choy, broccoli, Brussels sprouts and similar green leaf vegetables.
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Dementia
Dementia is a broad category of brain diseases that cause a long-term and often gradual decrease in the ability to think and remember that is great enough to affect a person's daily functioning.
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Dietary Reference Intake
The Dietary Reference Intake (DRI) is a system of nutrition recommendations from the Institute of Medicine (IOM) of the National Academies (United States).
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Dimethylethanolamine
Dimethylaminoethanol and dimethylethanolamine (DMAE and DMEA respectively), with deanol, are common names for 2-(dimethylamino)ethanol.
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Egg as food
Eggs are laid by female animals of many different species, including birds, reptiles, amphibians, mammals, and fish, and have been eaten by humans for thousands of years.
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Ester
In chemistry, an ester is a chemical compound derived from an acid (organic or inorganic) in which at least one –OH (hydroxyl) group is replaced by an –O–alkyl (alkoxy) group.
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European Food Safety Authority
The European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) is the agency of the European Union (EU) that provides independent scientific advice and communicates on existing and emerging risks associated with the food chain.
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Food and Drug Administration
The Food and Drug Administration (FDA or USFDA) is a federal agency of the United States Department of Health and Human Services, one of the United States federal executive departments.
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Homocysteine
Homocysteine is a non-proteinogenic α-amino acid.
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Hydroxide
Hydroxide is a diatomic anion with chemical formula OH−.
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Hydroxy group
A hydroxy or hydroxyl group is the entity with the formula OH.
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Infant formula
Infant formula, or baby formula, is a manufactured food designed and marketed for feeding to babies and infants under 12 months of age, usually prepared for bottle-feeding or cup-feeding from powder (mixed with water) or liquid (with or without additional water).
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Ion
An ion is an atom or molecule that has a non-zero net electrical charge (its total number of electrons is not equal to its total number of protons).
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Kidney bean
The kidney bean is a variety of the common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris).
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Lecithin
Lecithin (from the Greek lekithos, "egg yolk") is a generic term to designate any group of yellow-brownish fatty substances occurring in animal and plant tissues, which are amphiphilic – they attract both water and fatty substances (and so are both hydrophilic and lipophilic), and are used for smoothing food textures, dissolving powders (emulsifying), homogenizing liquid mixtures, and repelling sticking materials.
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Liver (food)
The liver of mammals, fowl, and fish is commonly eaten as food by humans.
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Liver disease
Liver disease (also called hepatic disease) is a type of damage to or disease of the liver.
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Liver function tests
Liver function tests (LFTs or LFs) are groups of blood tests that give information about the state of a patient's liver.
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Magnesium chloride
Magnesium chloride is the name for the chemical compound with the formula MgCl2 and its various hydrates MgCl2(H2O)x.
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Medicine
Medicine is the science and practice of the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of disease.
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Metabolite
A metabolite is the intermediate end product of metabolism.
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Methyl group
A methyl group is an alkyl derived from methane, containing one carbon atom bonded to three hydrogen atoms — CH3.
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Methylene bridge
In organic chemistry, a methylene bridge, methylene spacer, or methanediyl group is any part of a molecule with formula --; namely, a carbon atom bound to two hydrogen atoms and connected by single bonds to two other distinct atoms in the rest of the molecule.
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National Academy of Medicine
The National Academy of Medicine (NAM), formerly called the Institute of Medicine (IoM), is an American nonprofit, non-governmental organization.
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Neural tube defect
Neural tube defects (NTDs) are a group of birth defects in which an opening in the spinal cord or brain remains from early in human development.
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Neurological disorder
A neurological disorder is any disorder of the nervous system.
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Neurotransmission
Neurotransmission (Latin: transmissio "passage, crossing" from transmittere "send, let through"), also called synaptic transmission, is the process by which signaling molecules called neurotransmitters are released by the axon terminal of a neuron (the presynaptic neuron), and bind to and activate the receptors on the dendrites of another neuron (the postsynaptic neuron).
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Nitrogen
Nitrogen is a chemical element with symbol N and atomic number 7.
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Nutrient
A nutrient is a substance used by an organism to survive, grow, and reproduce.
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Oscar Liebreich
Matthias Eugen Oscar Liebreich (14 February 1839 – 2 July 1908) was a German pharmacologist.
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Phase-transfer catalyst
In chemistry, a phase-transfer catalyst or PTC is a catalyst that facilitates the migration of a reactant from one phase into another phase where reaction occurs.
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Phosphatidylcholine
Phosphatidylcholines (PC) are a class of phospholipids that incorporate choline as a headgroup.
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Phosphatidylethanolamine N-methyltransferase
Phosphatidylethanolamine N-methyltransferase (abbreviated PEMT) is a transferase enzyme which converts phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) to phosphatidylcholine (PC) in the liver.
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Phospholipid
Phospholipids are a class of lipids that are a major component of all cell membranes.
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Photoresist
A photoresist is a light-sensitive material used in several processes, such as photolithography and photoengraving, to form a patterned coating on a surface.
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Pre-eclampsia
Pre-eclampsia (PE) is a disorder of pregnancy characterized by the onset of high blood pressure and often a significant amount of protein in the urine.
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Precursor (chemistry)
In chemistry, a precursor is a compound that participates in a chemical reaction that produces another compound.
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Preterm birth
Preterm birth, also known as premature birth, is the birth of a baby at fewer than 37 weeks gestational age.
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Printed circuit board
A printed circuit board (PCB) mechanically supports and electrically connects electronic components or electrical components using conductive tracks, pads and other features etched from one or more sheet layers of copper laminated onto and/or between sheet layers of a non-conductive substrate.
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Protein biosynthesis
Protein synthesis is the process whereby biological cells generate new proteins; it is balanced by the loss of cellular proteins via degradation or export.
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Quaternary ammonium cation
Quaternary ammonium cations, also known as quats, are positively charged polyatomic ions of the structure, R being an alkyl group or an aryl group.
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Quinoa
Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa; (or, from Quechua kinwa or kinuwa) is a flowering plant in the amaranth family. It is a herbaceous annual plant grown as a grain crop primarily for its edible seeds. Quinoa is not a grass, but rather a pseudocereal botanically related to spinach and amaranth (Amaranthus spp.). Quinoa provides protein, dietary fiber, B vitamins, and dietary minerals in rich amounts above those of wheat, corn, rice or oats. It is gluten-free. After harvest, the seeds are processed to remove the bitter-tasting outer seed coat. Quinoa originated in the Andean region of northwestern South America, and was domesticated 3,000 to 4,000 years ago for human consumption in the Lake Titicaca basin of Peru and Bolivia, though archaeological evidence shows livestock uses 5,200 to 7,000 years ago.
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Reference Daily Intake
The Reference Daily Intake (RDI) is the daily intake level of a nutrient that is considered to be sufficient to meet the requirements of 97–98% of healthy individuals in every demographic in the United States.
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S-Adenosyl methionine
S-Adenosyl methionineSAM-e, SAMe, SAM, S-Adenosyl-L-methionine, AdoMet, ademetionine is a common cosubstrate involved in methyl group transfers, transsulfuration, and aminopropylation.
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Salicylic acid
Salicylic acid (from Latin salix, willow tree) is a lipophilic monohydroxybenzoic acid, a type of phenolic acid, and a beta hydroxy acid (BHA).
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Salt (chemistry)
In chemistry, a salt is an ionic compound that can be formed by the neutralization reaction of an acid and a base.
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Soybean
The soybean (Glycine max), or soya bean, is a species of legume native to East Asia, widely grown for its edible bean, which has numerous uses.
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Sphingomyelin
Sphingomyelin (SPH, ˌsfɪŋɡoˈmaɪəlɪn) is a type of sphingolipid found in animal cell membranes, especially in the membranous myelin sheath that surrounds some nerve cell axons.
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Spinach
Spinach (Spinacia oleracea) is an edible flowering plant in the family Amaranthaceae native to central and western Asia.
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Sunflower seed
The sunflower seed is the fruit of the sunflower (Helianthus annuus).
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Tartaric acid
Tartaric acid is a white crystalline organic acid that occurs naturally in many fruits, most notably in grapes, but also in bananas, tamarinds and citrus.
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Tofu
Tofu, also known as bean curd, is a food cultivated by coagulating soy milk and then pressing the resulting curds into soft white blocks.
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Trimethylamine
Trimethylamine (TMA) is an organic compound with the formula N(CH3)3.
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Trimethylaminuria
Trimethylaminuria (TMAU; primary trimethylaminuria), also known as fish odor syndrome or fish malodor syndrome, is a rare metabolic disorder that causes a defect in the normal production of an enzyme named flavin-containing monooxygenase 3 (FMO3).
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Trimethylglycine
Trimethylglycine (TMG) is an amino acid derivative that occurs in plants.
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Vitamin
A vitamin is an organic molecule (or related set of molecules) which is an essential micronutrient - that is, a substance which an organism needs in small quantities for the proper functioning of its metabolism - but cannot synthesize it (either at all, or in sufficient quantities), and therefore it must be obtained through the diet.
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Redirects here:
ATC code N02BA03, ATCvet code QN02BA03, C5H14NO, C5H14NO+, Choline bitartrate, Choline citrate, Choline deficiency, Choline hydroxide, Choline salicylate, E1001, Vitamin C2, Vitamin J.
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Choline
