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107 relations: Absorption (electromagnetic radiation), Alan Herries Wilson, Aluminium, Amorphous solid, Angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy, Ansatz, Atom, Atomic orbital, Auger effect, Band bending, Band diagram, Band gap, Bloch wave, Boltzmann constant, Bravais lattice, Brillouin zone, Capacitance, Chemical potential, Cobalt(II) oxide, Coherent potential approximation, Complex number, Condensed matter physics, Crystal, Cubic crystal system, De Haas–van Alphen effect, Density functional theory, Diamond, Diatomic molecule, Direct and indirect band gaps, Dispersion relation, Dopant, Doping (semiconductor), Dynamical mean-field theory, Dynamical theory of diffraction, Electric-field screening, Electrical resistance and conductance, Electrical resistivity and conductivity, Electron, Electron diffraction, Electronic density, Empty lattice approximation, Energy, Energy level, Excited state, Felix Bloch, Fermi level, Fermi surface, Fermi's golden rule, Fermi–Dirac statistics, Fourier series, ..., Gallium arsenide, Germanium, Green's function (many-body theory), Ground state, GW approximation, Hubbard model, Hybrid functional, Indium arsenide, Insulator (electricity), Integrated circuit, Isosurface, K·p perturbation theory, Kohn–Sham equations, Koopmans' theorem, Linear combination of atomic orbitals, Many-body problem, Mesoscopic physics, Metal halides, Miller index, Molecular orbital, Molecule, Mott insulator, Pauli exclusion principle, Phonon, Photon, Poles, Pseudopotential, Quantum dot, Quasicrystal, Quasiparticle, Reciprocal lattice, Schrödinger equation, Screening effect, Self-energy, Semiconductor, Semimetal, Silicon, Sodium chloride, Solid, Solid-state electronics, Solid-state physics, Space charge, Strongly correlated material, Surface states, Temperature, Tensor, Thermodynamic equilibrium, Tight binding, Time-dependent density functional theory, Transistor, Transition metal, Two-dimensional electron gas, Valence and conduction bands, Valence electron, Walter Kohn, Wannier function, Wave function. Expand index (57 more) »
Absorption (electromagnetic radiation)
In physics, absorption of electromagnetic radiation is the way in which the energy of a photon is taken up by matter, typically the electrons of an atom.
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Alan Herries Wilson
Sir Alan Herries Wilson (2 July 1906 – 30 September 1995), was a British mathematician and industrialist.
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Aluminium
Aluminium or aluminum is a chemical element with symbol Al and atomic number 13.
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Amorphous solid
In condensed matter physics and materials science, an amorphous (from the Greek a, without, morphé, shape, form) or non-crystalline solid is a solid that lacks the long-range order that is characteristic of a crystal.
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Angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy
Angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES), is a direct experimental technique to observe the distribution of the electrons (more precisely, the density of single-particle electronic excitations) in the reciprocal space of solids.
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Ansatz
In physics and mathematics, an ansatz (meaning: "initial placement of a tool at a work piece", plural ansätze; or ansatzes) is an educated guessIn his book on "The Nature of Mathematical Modelling", Neil Gershenfeld introduces ansatz, with interpretation "a trial answer", to be an important technique for solving differential equations.
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Atom
An atom is the smallest constituent unit of ordinary matter that has the properties of a chemical element.
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Atomic orbital
In quantum mechanics, an atomic orbital is a mathematical function that describes the wave-like behavior of either one electron or a pair of electrons in an atom.
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Auger effect
The Auger effect is a physical phenomenon in which the filling of an inner-shell vacancy of an atom is accompanied by the emission of an electron from the same atom.
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Band bending
Band bending refers to the local changes in the energy offset of a semiconductor's band structure near a junction, due to space charge effects.
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Band diagram
In solid-state physics of semiconductors, a band diagram is a diagram plotting various key electron energy levels (Fermi level and nearby energy band edges) as a function of some spatial dimension, which is often denoted x. These diagrams help to explain the operation of many kinds of semiconductor devices and to visualize band bending.
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Band gap
In solid-state physics, a band gap, also called an energy gap or bandgap, is an energy range in a solid where no electron states can exist.
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Bloch wave
A Bloch wave (also called Bloch state or Bloch function or Bloch wavefunction), named after Swiss physicist Felix Bloch, is a type of wavefunction for a particle in a periodically-repeating environment, most commonly an electron in a crystal.
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Boltzmann constant
The Boltzmann constant, which is named after Ludwig Boltzmann, is a physical constant relating the average kinetic energy of particles in a gas with the temperature of the gas.
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Bravais lattice
In geometry and crystallography, a Bravais lattice, named after, is an infinite array of discrete points in three dimensional space generated by a set of discrete translation operations described by: where ni are any integers and ai are known as the primitive vectors which lie in different directions and span the lattice.
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Brillouin zone
In mathematics and solid state physics, the first Brillouin zone is a uniquely defined primitive cell in reciprocal space.
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Capacitance
Capacitance is the ratio of the change in an electric charge in a system to the corresponding change in its electric potential.
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Chemical potential
In thermodynamics, chemical potential of a species is a form of energy that can be absorbed or released during a chemical reaction or phase transition due to a change of the particle number of the given species.
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Cobalt(II) oxide
Cobalt(II) oxide or cobalt monoxide is an inorganic compound that appears as olive-green to red crystals, or as a greyish or black powder.
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Coherent potential approximation
The coherent potential approximation (or CPA) is a method, in physics, of finding the Green's function of an effective medium.
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Complex number
A complex number is a number that can be expressed in the form, where and are real numbers, and is a solution of the equation.
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Condensed matter physics
Condensed matter physics is the field of physics that deals with the macroscopic and microscopic physical properties of matter.
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Crystal
A crystal or crystalline solid is a solid material whose constituents (such as atoms, molecules, or ions) are arranged in a highly ordered microscopic structure, forming a crystal lattice that extends in all directions.
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Cubic crystal system
In crystallography, the cubic (or isometric) crystal system is a crystal system where the unit cell is in the shape of a cube.
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De Haas–van Alphen effect
The de Haas–van Alphen effect, often abbreviated to dHvA, is a quantum mechanical effect in which the magnetic susceptibility of a pure metal crystal oscillates as the intensity of an applied magnetic field H is increased.
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Density functional theory
Density functional theory (DFT) is a computational quantum mechanical modelling method used in physics, chemistry and materials science to investigate the electronic structure (principally the ground state) of many-body systems, in particular atoms, molecules, and the condensed phases.
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Diamond
Diamond is a solid form of carbon with a diamond cubic crystal structure.
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Diatomic molecule
Diatomic molecules are molecules composed of only two atoms, of the same or different chemical elements.
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Direct and indirect band gaps
In semiconductor physics, the band gap of a semiconductor is of two types, a direct band gap or an indirect band gap.
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Dispersion relation
In physical sciences and electrical engineering, dispersion relations describe the effect of dispersion in a medium on the properties of a wave traveling within that medium.
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Dopant
A dopant, also called a doping agent, is a trace impurity element that is inserted into a substance (in very low concentrations) to alter the electrical or optical properties of the substance.
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Doping (semiconductor)
In semiconductor production, doping is the intentional introduction of impurities into an intrinsic semiconductor for the purpose of modulating its electrical properties.
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Dynamical mean-field theory
Dynamical mean-field theory (DMFT) is a method to determine the electronic structure of strongly correlated materials.
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Dynamical theory of diffraction
The dynamical theory of diffraction describes the interaction of waves with a regular lattice.
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Electric-field screening
In physics, screening is the damping of electric fields caused by the presence of mobile charge carriers.
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Electrical resistance and conductance
The electrical resistance of an electrical conductor is a measure of the difficulty to pass an electric current through that conductor.
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Electrical resistivity and conductivity
Electrical resistivity (also known as resistivity, specific electrical resistance, or volume resistivity) is a fundamental property that quantifies how strongly a given material opposes the flow of electric current.
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Electron
The electron is a subatomic particle, symbol or, whose electric charge is negative one elementary charge.
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Electron diffraction
Electron diffraction refers to the wave nature of electrons.
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Electronic density
In quantum mechanics, and in particular quantum chemistry, the electronic density is a measure of the probability of an electron occupying an infinitesimal element of space surrounding any given point.
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Empty lattice approximation
The empty lattice approximation is a theoretical electronic band structure model in which the potential is periodic and weak (close to constant).
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Energy
In physics, energy is the quantitative property that must be transferred to an object in order to perform work on, or to heat, the object.
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Energy level
A quantum mechanical system or particle that is bound—that is, confined spatially—can only take on certain discrete values of energy.
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Excited state
In quantum mechanics, an excited state of a system (such as an atom, molecule or nucleus) is any quantum state of the system that has a higher energy than the ground state (that is, more energy than the absolute minimum).
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Felix Bloch
Felix Bloch (23 October 1905 – 10 September 1983) was a Swiss physicist, working mainly in the U.S. He and Edward Mills Purcell were awarded the 1952 Nobel Prize for Physics for "their development of new ways and methods for nuclear magnetic precision measurements."Sohlman, M (Ed.) Nobel Foundation directory 2003. Vastervik, Sweden: AB CO Ekblad; 2003.
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Fermi level
The Fermi level chemical potential for electrons (or electrochemical potential for electrons), usually denoted by µ or EF, of a body is a thermodynamic quantity, whose significance is the thermodynamic work required to add one electron to the body (not counting the work required to remove the electron from wherever it came from).
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Fermi surface
In condensed matter physics, the Fermi surface is the surface in reciprocal space which separates occupied from unoccupied electron states at zero temperature.
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Fermi's golden rule
In quantum physics, Fermi's golden rule is a formula that describes the transition rate (probability of transition per unit time) from one energy eigenstate of a quantum system into other energy eigenstates in a continuum, effected by a weak perturbation.
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Fermi–Dirac statistics
In quantum statistics, a branch of physics, Fermi–Dirac statistics describe a distribution of particles over energy states in systems consisting of many identical particles that obey the Pauli exclusion principle.
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Fourier series
In mathematics, a Fourier series is a way to represent a function as the sum of simple sine waves.
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Gallium arsenide
Gallium arsenide (GaAs) is a compound of the elements gallium and arsenic.
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Germanium
Germanium is a chemical element with symbol Ge and atomic number 32.
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Green's function (many-body theory)
In many-body theory, the term Green's function (or Green function) is sometimes used interchangeably with correlation function, but refers specifically to correlators of field operators or creation and annihilation operators.
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Ground state
The ground state of a quantum mechanical system is its lowest-energy state; the energy of the ground state is known as the zero-point energy of the system.
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GW approximation
The GW approximation (GWA) is an approximation made in order to calculate the self-energy of a many-body system of electrons.
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Hubbard model
The Hubbard model is an approximate model used, especially in solid-state physics, to describe the transition between conducting and insulating systems.
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Hybrid functional
Hybrid functionals are a class of approximations to the exchange–correlation energy functional in density functional theory (DFT) that incorporate a portion of exact exchange from Hartree–Fock theory with the rest of the exchange-correlation energy from other sources (ab initio or empirical).
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Indium arsenide
Indium arsenide, InAs, or indium monoarsenide, is a semiconductor composed of indium and arsenic.
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Insulator (electricity)
An electrical insulator is a material whose internal electric charges do not flow freely; very little electric current will flow through it under the influence of an electric field.
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Integrated circuit
An integrated circuit or monolithic integrated circuit (also referred to as an IC, a chip, or a microchip) is a set of electronic circuits on one small flat piece (or "chip") of semiconductor material, normally silicon.
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Isosurface
An isosurface is a three-dimensional analog of an isoline.
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K·p perturbation theory
In solid-state physics, the k·p perturbation theory is an approximated semi-empirical approach for calculating the band structure (particularly effective mass) and optical properties of crystalline solids.
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Kohn–Sham equations
In physics and quantum chemistry, specifically density functional theory, the Kohn–Sham equation is the one electron Schrödinger equation (more clearly, Schrödinger-like equation) of a fictitious system (the "Kohn–Sham system") of non-interacting particles (typically electrons) that generate the same density as any given system of interacting particles.
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Koopmans' theorem
Koopmans' theorem states that in closed-shell Hartree–Fock theory (HF), the first ionization energy of a molecular system is equal to the negative of the orbital energy of the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO).
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Linear combination of atomic orbitals
A linear combination of atomic orbitals or LCAO is a quantum superposition of atomic orbitals and a technique for calculating molecular orbitals in quantum chemistry.
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Many-body problem
The many-body problem is a general name for a vast category of physical problems pertaining to the properties of microscopic systems made of a large number of interacting particles.
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Mesoscopic physics
Mesoscopic physics is a subdiscipline of condensed matter physics that deals with materials of an intermediate length.
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Metal halides
Metal halides are compounds between metals and halogens.
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Miller index
Miller indices form a notation system in crystallography for planes in crystal (Bravais) lattices.
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Molecular orbital
In chemistry, a molecular orbital (MO) is a mathematical function describing the wave-like behavior of an electron in a molecule.
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Molecule
A molecule is an electrically neutral group of two or more atoms held together by chemical bonds.
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Mott insulator
Mott insulators are a class of materials that should conduct electricity under conventional band theories, but are insulators when measured (particularly at low temperatures).
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Pauli exclusion principle
The Pauli exclusion principle is the quantum mechanical principle which states that two or more identical fermions (particles with half-integer spin) cannot occupy the same quantum state within a quantum system simultaneously.
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Phonon
In physics, a phonon is a collective excitation in a periodic, elastic arrangement of atoms or molecules in condensed matter, like solids and some liquids.
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Photon
The photon is a type of elementary particle, the quantum of the electromagnetic field including electromagnetic radiation such as light, and the force carrier for the electromagnetic force (even when static via virtual particles).
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Poles
The Poles (Polacy,; singular masculine: Polak, singular feminine: Polka), commonly referred to as the Polish people, are a nation and West Slavic ethnic group native to Poland in Central Europe who share a common ancestry, culture, history and are native speakers of the Polish language.
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Pseudopotential
In physics, a pseudopotential or effective potential is used as an approximation for the simplified description of complex systems.
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Quantum dot
Quantum dots (QD) are very small semiconductor particles, only several nanometres in size, so small that their optical and electronic properties differ from those of larger particles.
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Quasicrystal
A quasiperiodic crystal, or quasicrystal, is a structure that is ordered but not periodic.
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Quasiparticle
In physics, quasiparticles and collective excitations (which are closely related) are emergent phenomena that occur when a microscopically complicated system such as a solid behaves as if it contained different weakly interacting particles in free space.
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Reciprocal lattice
In physics, the reciprocal lattice represents the Fourier transform of another lattice (usually a Bravais lattice).
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Schrödinger equation
In quantum mechanics, the Schrödinger equation is a mathematical equation that describes the changes over time of a physical system in which quantum effects, such as wave–particle duality, are significant.
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Screening effect
In solids, especially in metals and semiconductors, the electrostatic screening or screening effect reduces the electrostatic field and Coulomb potential of an ion inside the solid.
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Self-energy
In most theoretical physics such as quantum field theory, the energy that a particle has as a result of changes that it itself causes in its environment defines self-energy \Sigma, and represents the contribution to the particle's energy, or effective mass, due to interactions between the particle and its system.
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Semiconductor
A semiconductor material has an electrical conductivity value falling between that of a conductor – such as copper, gold etc.
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Semimetal
A semimetal is a material with a very small overlap between the bottom of the conduction band and the top of the valence band.
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Silicon
Silicon is a chemical element with symbol Si and atomic number 14.
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Sodium chloride
Sodium chloride, also known as salt, is an ionic compound with the chemical formula NaCl, representing a 1:1 ratio of sodium and chloride ions.
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Solid
Solid is one of the four fundamental states of matter (the others being liquid, gas, and plasma).
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Solid-state electronics
Solid-state electronics means semiconductor electronics; electronic equipment using semiconductor devices such as semiconductor diodes, transistors, and integrated circuits (ICs).
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Solid-state physics
Solid-state physics is the study of rigid matter, or solids, through methods such as quantum mechanics, crystallography, electromagnetism, and metallurgy.
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Space charge
Space charge is a concept in which excess electric charge is treated as a continuum of charge distributed over a region of space (either a volume or an area) rather than distinct point-like charges.
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Strongly correlated material
Strongly correlated materials are a wide class of heavy fermion compounds that include insulators and electronic materials, and show unusual (often technologically useful) electronic and magnetic properties, such as metal-insulator transitions, half-metallicity, and spin-charge separation, observed in the mineral Herbertsmithite that property is determined by quantum spin liquid or strongly correlated quantum spin liquid.
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Surface states
Surface states are electronic states found at the surface of materials.
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Temperature
Temperature is a physical quantity expressing hot and cold.
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Tensor
In mathematics, tensors are geometric objects that describe linear relations between geometric vectors, scalars, and other tensors.
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Thermodynamic equilibrium
Thermodynamic equilibrium is an axiomatic concept of thermodynamics.
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Tight binding
In solid-state physics, the tight-binding model (or TB model) is an approach to the calculation of electronic band structure using an approximate set of wave functions based upon superposition of wave functions for isolated atoms located at each atomic site.
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Time-dependent density functional theory
Time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) is a quantum mechanical theory used in physics and chemistry to investigate the properties and dynamics of many-body systems in the presence of time-dependent potentials, such as electric or magnetic fields.
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Transistor
A transistor is a semiconductor device used to amplify or switch electronic signals and electrical power.
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Transition metal
In chemistry, the term transition metal (or transition element) has three possible meanings.
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Two-dimensional electron gas
A two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) is a scientific model in solid-state physics.
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Valence and conduction bands
In solid-state physics, the valence band and conduction band are the bands closest to the Fermi level and thus determine the electrical conductivity of the solid.
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Valence electron
In chemistry, a valence electron is an outer shell electron that is associated with an atom, and that can participate in the formation of a chemical bond if the outer shell is not closed; in a single covalent bond, both atoms in the bond contribute one valence electron in order to form a shared pair.
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Walter Kohn
Walter Kohn (March 9, 1923 – April 19, 2016) was an Austrian-born American theoretical physicist and theoretical chemist.
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Wannier function
The Wannier functions are a complete set of orthogonal functions used in solid-state physics.
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Wave function
A wave function in quantum physics is a mathematical description of the quantum state of an isolated quantum system.
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References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic_band_structure
