40 relations: A priori and a posteriori, Ab initio, Ancient Greek, Anecdotal evidence, Argument, Axiom, Critique of Pure Reason, Deductive reasoning, Design of experiments, Empirical distribution function, Empirical formula, Empirical measure, Empirical research, Empiricism, Experiential knowledge, Experiment, First principle, Ground truth, Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, Hypothesis, Immanuel Kant, Information, Observation, Peer review, Phenomenology (philosophy), Positivism, Proposition, Rationalism, Reason, Science, Scientific community, Scientific evidence, Scientific literature, Scientific method, Sense, Statement (logic), The Cambridge Dictionary of Philosophy, Theory, Thomas Kuhn, Truth.
A priori and a posteriori
The Latin phrases a priori ("from the earlier") and a posteriori ("from the latter") are philosophical terms of art popularized by Immanuel Kant's Critique of Pure Reason (first published in 1781, second edition in 1787), one of the most influential works in the history of philosophy.
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Ab initio
Ab initio is a Latin term meaning "from the beginning" and is derived from the Latin ab ("from") + initio, ablative singular of initium ("beginning").
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Ancient Greek
The Ancient Greek language includes the forms of Greek used in ancient Greece and the ancient world from around the 9th century BC to the 6th century AD.
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Anecdotal evidence
Anecdotal evidence is evidence from anecdotes, i.e., evidence collected in a casual or informal manner and relying heavily or entirely on personal testimony.
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Argument
In logic and philosophy, an argument is a series of statements typically used to persuade someone of something or to present reasons for accepting a conclusion.
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Axiom
An axiom or postulate is a statement that is taken to be true, to serve as a premise or starting point for further reasoning and arguments.
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Critique of Pure Reason
The Critique of Pure Reason (Kritik der reinen Vernunft, KrV) (1781, Riga; second edition 1787) is a book by Immanuel Kant that has exerted an enduring influence on Western philosophy.
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Deductive reasoning
Deductive reasoning, also deductive logic, logical deduction is the process of reasoning from one or more statements (premises) to reach a logically certain conclusion.
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Design of experiments
The design of experiments (DOE, DOX, or experimental design) is the design of any task that aims to describe or explain the variation of information under conditions that are hypothesized to reflect the variation.
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Empirical distribution function
In statistics, an empirical distribution function is the distribution function associated with the empirical measure of a sample.
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Empirical formula
In chemistry, the empirical formula of a chemical compound is the simplest positive integer ratio of atoms present in a compound.
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Empirical measure
In probability theory, an empirical measure is a random measure arising from a particular realization of a (usually finite) sequence of random variables.
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Empirical research
Empirical research is research using empirical evidence.
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Empiricism
In philosophy, empiricism is a theory that states that knowledge comes only or primarily from sensory experience.
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Experiential knowledge
Experiential knowledge is knowledge gained through experience, as opposed to a priori (before experience) knowledge: it can also be contrasted both with propositional (textbook) knowledge, and with practical knowledge.
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Experiment
An experiment is a procedure carried out to support, refute, or validate a hypothesis.
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First principle
A first principle is a basic, foundational, self-evident proposition or assumption that cannot be deduced from any other proposition or assumption.
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Ground truth
Ground truth is a term used in various fields to refer to information provided by direct observation (i.e. empirical evidence) as opposed to information provided by inference.
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Houghton Mifflin Harcourt
Houghton Mifflin Harcourt (HMH) is an educational and trade publisher in the United States.
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Hypothesis
A hypothesis (plural hypotheses) is a proposed explanation for a phenomenon.
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Immanuel Kant
Immanuel Kant (22 April 1724 – 12 February 1804) was a German philosopher who is a central figure in modern philosophy.
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Information
Information is any entity or form that provides the answer to a question of some kind or resolves uncertainty.
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Observation
Observation is the active acquisition of information from a primary source.
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Peer review
Peer review is the evaluation of work by one or more people of similar competence to the producers of the work (peers).
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Phenomenology (philosophy)
Phenomenology (from Greek phainómenon "that which appears" and lógos "study") is the philosophical study of the structures of experience and consciousness.
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Positivism
Positivism is a philosophical theory stating that certain ("positive") knowledge is based on natural phenomena and their properties and relations.
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Proposition
The term proposition has a broad use in contemporary analytic philosophy.
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Rationalism
In philosophy, rationalism is the epistemological view that "regards reason as the chief source and test of knowledge" or "any view appealing to reason as a source of knowledge or justification".
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Reason
Reason is the capacity for consciously making sense of things, establishing and verifying facts, applying logic, and changing or justifying practices, institutions, and beliefs based on new or existing information.
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Science
R. P. Feynman, The Feynman Lectures on Physics, Vol.1, Chaps.1,2,&3.
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Scientific community
The scientific community is a diverse network of interacting scientists.
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Scientific evidence
Scientific evidence is evidence which serves to either support or counter a scientific theory or hypothesis.
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Scientific literature
Scientific literature comprises scholarly publications that report original empirical and theoretical work in the natural and social sciences, and within an academic field, often abbreviated as the literature.
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Scientific method
Scientific method is an empirical method of knowledge acquisition, which has characterized the development of natural science since at least the 17th century, involving careful observation, which includes rigorous skepticism about what one observes, given that cognitive assumptions about how the world works influence how one interprets a percept; formulating hypotheses, via induction, based on such observations; experimental testing and measurement of deductions drawn from the hypotheses; and refinement (or elimination) of the hypotheses based on the experimental findings.
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Sense
A sense is a physiological capacity of organisms that provides data for perception.
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Statement (logic)
In logic, the term statement is variously understood to mean either: In the latter case, a statement is distinct from a sentence in that a sentence is only one formulation of a statement, whereas there may be many other formulations expressing the same statement.
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The Cambridge Dictionary of Philosophy
The Cambridge Dictionary of Philosophy (1995; second edition 1999) is a dictionary of philosophy published by Cambridge University Press and edited by Robert Audi.
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Theory
A theory is a contemplative and rational type of abstract or generalizing thinking, or the results of such thinking.
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Thomas Kuhn
Thomas Samuel Kuhn (July 18, 1922 – June 17, 1996) was an American physicist, historian and philosopher of science whose controversial 1962 book The Structure of Scientific Revolutions was influential in both academic and popular circles, introducing the term paradigm shift, which has since become an English-language idiom.
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Truth
Truth is most often used to mean being in accord with fact or reality, or fidelity to an original or standard.
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A Posteriori Knowledge, A posteriori (epistemology), A posteriori (philosophy), A posteriori knowledge, A-posteriori, Aposteriori, Empirical, Empirical content, Empirical data, Empirical experience, Empirical knowledge, Empirical reason, Empirical validation, Factual observation, Observed fact, Semi-empirical, Sense experience, Sense observation, Sense perception, À posteriori.
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Empirical_evidence