Malays (ethnic group)

Malays (Orang Melayu, Jawi: أورڠ ملايو) are an Austronesian ethnic group that predominantly inhabit the Malay Peninsula, eastern Sumatra and coastal Borneo, as well as the smaller islands which lie between these locations — areas that are collectively known as the Malay world. ^[1]

668 relations: A Famosa, Abdication, Abdullah Abdul Kadir, Abraham, Aceh Tamiang Regency, Acehnese people, Adityawarman, Alauddin Riayat Shah III of Johor, Allah, Ambonese Malay, Ambuyat, Amis people, Ammunition, Amoghapasa inscription, Ancient Egypt, Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1824, Anglo-Siamese Treaty of 1909, Animism, Anti-Malay sentiment, Antonio Pigafetta, Arabic name, Arabic script, Arabs, Architecture of India, Architecture of Portugal, Architecture of Thailand, Architecture of the Netherlands, Architecture of the United Kingdom, Armour, Art, Artisan, Asahan Sultanate, Asam pedas, Ashura, Asian Games, Assam, Asyik, Atayal people, Austroasiatic languages, Austronesian languages, Austronesian peoples, Ayutthaya Kingdom, Śukasaptati, Baju Kurung, Baju Melayu, Balik Kampung, Bangka Belitung Islands, Bangka Malay, Bangkok Malay, Bangsawan, ..., Banjar people, Batak, Bathing, Battle of Malacca (1641), Bay of Bengal, Belt buckle, Bengkulu, Bengkulu language, Berau Malay language, Berau 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Budiman, Hikayat Malim Dewa, Hikayat Muhammad Hanafiah, Hikayat Panca Tanderan, Hikayat Seri Rama, Hindu mythology, Hindu temple, Hinduism, History of Brunei, History of Kedah, History of Southeast Asia, History of the Malay language, Hitopadesha, Hoabinhian, Homecoming, Honorific, Hulu Perak District, Human body, Human Genome Organisation, Ice age, Incense, India, Indochina, Indonesia, Indonesian language, Indonesian National Awakening, Ingot, Intercultural communication principles, Iron, Iron Age, Islam, Islamic architecture, Islamic art, Islamic calendar, Islamic calligraphy, Islamic holidays, Islamic literature, Islamic New Year, Islamic republic, Islamic revival, Islamism, Islamization, Isra and Mi'raj, Istana, Italian language, Jaffna Kingdom, Jahai people, Jakun people, Jambi, Jambi Malay, Jambi Sultanate, Japan, Japanese occupation of British Borneo, Japanese occupation of Malaya, Japanese occupation of the Dutch East Indies, Jatavarman Sundara Pandyan I, Java, Javanese culture, Javanese language, Javanese people, Jawi alphabet, Jean-Baptiste Tavernier, Jembrana Regency, Jewellery, Jikey, Joget, Joglo, Johor, Johor Sultanate, Kalimantan, Kampong (village), Kawi script, Kedah, Kedah Malay, Kedah Sultanate, Kedahan Malay people, Kelantan, Kelantan Sultanate, Kelantan-Pattani Malay, Kelantanese Malay people, Kensiu language, Kesatuan Melayu Muda, Ketuanan Melayu, Ketupat, Kickboxing, Kingdom of Besut Darul Iman, Kingdom of Kubang Pasu Darul Qiyam, Kingdom of Reman, Kingdom of Setul Mambang Segara, Kingdom of Singapura, Kisah Pelayaran Abdullah ke Kelantan, Kisah Pelayaran Abdullah ke Mekah, Kite, Korea, Kra Isthmus, Krabi Province, Kris, Kuala Kangsar (town), Kuala Lumpur International Airport, Kuching, La-ngu District, Laksa, Laksamana, Lam Luk Ka District, Landak Regency, Langkasuka, Latin, Lavo Kingdom, Left-wing politics, Lekor, Lima Puluh Kota Regency, Lime (fruit), Lingua franca, List of eating utensils, List of Hikayat, List of Malay people, List 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Ulek mayang, Unfederated Malay States, Unitary state, United Kingdom, United Malays National Organisation, Urbanism, Utusan Malaysia, Value (ethics), Vase, Vayu Purana, Vedic and Sanskrit literature, Ventilation (architecture), Visayas, Visual arts, Wa people, War, Wau bulan, Wayang, Wedding, West Kalimantan, West Sumatra, Western Cape, White Rajahs, Wilderness, Wood carving, World War II, Xuanzang, Yahoo! 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A Famosa

A Famosa (Kota A Famosa; "The Famous" in Portuguese) is a former Portuguese fortress located in Malacca, Malaysia.

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Abdication

Abdication is the act of formally relinquishing monarchical authority.

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Abdullah Abdul Kadir

Abdullah bin Abdul al Kadir (1796–1854) (Arabic: عبد الله بن عبد القادر) also known as Munshi Abdullah, was a Malayan writer of Indian origin.

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Abraham

Abraham (Arabic: إبراهيم Ibrahim), originally Abram, is the common patriarch of the three Abrahamic religions.

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Aceh Tamiang Regency

Aceh Tamiang Regency is a regency (kabupaten) in the Aceh province of Indonesia.

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Acehnese people

The Acehnese (also written as Atjehnese and Achinese) are an ethnic group from Aceh, Indonesia on the northernmost tip of the island of Sumatra.

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Adityawarman

Adityawarman was a king of Malayapura, a state in central Sumatra.

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Alauddin Riayat Shah III of Johor

Sultan Alauddin Riayat Shah III was the 5th Sultan of Johor who reigned from 1597 - 1615.

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Allah

Allah (translit) is the Arabic word for God in Abrahamic religions.

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Ambonese Malay

Ambonese Malay or simply Ambonese is a Malay-based creole language spoken on Ambon Island in the Maluku Islands of Indonesia.

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Ambuyat

Ambuyat is a dish derived from the interior trunk of the sago palm.

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Amis people

The Amis (also Ami or Pangcah) are an Austronesian ethnic group native to Taiwan.

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Ammunition

Ammunition (informally ammo) is the material fired, scattered, dropped or detonated from any weapon.

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Amoghapasa inscription

Amoghapasa inscription is an inscription inscribed on the back of pāduka Amoghapāśa as referred to in Padang Roco inscription.

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Ancient Egypt

Ancient Egypt was a civilization of ancient Northeastern Africa, concentrated along the lower reaches of the Nile River - geographically Lower Egypt and Upper Egypt, in the place that is now occupied by the countries of Egypt and Sudan.

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Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1824

The Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1824, also known as the Treaty of London, was a treaty signed between the United Kingdom and the Netherlands in London on 17 March 1824.

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Anglo-Siamese Treaty of 1909

The Anglo-Siamese Treaty of 1909 or Bangkok Treaty of 1909 was a treaty between the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland and the Kingdom of Siam signed on 10 March 1909, in Bangkok.

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Animism

Animism (from Latin anima, "breath, spirit, life") is the religious belief that objects, places and creatures all possess a distinct spiritual essence.

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Anti-Malay sentiment

Anti-Malay sentiment refers to hostility or hatred that is directed toward Malays or the state of Malaysia.

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Antonio Pigafetta

Antonio Pigafetta (c. 1491 – c. 1531) was an Italian scholar and explorer from the Republic of Venice.

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Arabic name

Arabic names were historically based on a long naming system; most Arabs did not have given/middle/family names, but a full chain of names.

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Arabic script

The Arabic script is the writing system used for writing Arabic and several other languages of Asia and Africa, such as Azerbaijani, Pashto, Persian, Kurdish, Lurish, Urdu, Mandinka, and others.

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Arabs

Arabs (عَرَب ISO 233, Arabic pronunciation) are a population inhabiting the Arab world.

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Architecture of India

The architecture of India is rooted in its history, culture and religion.

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Architecture of Portugal

Architecture of Portugal refers to the architecture practiced in the territory of present-day Portugal since before the foundation of the country in the 12th century.

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Architecture of Thailand

The architecture of Thailand is a major part of the country's cultural legacy and reflects both the challenges of living in Thailand's sometimes extreme climate as well as, historically, the importance of architecture to the Thai people's sense of community and religious beliefs.

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Architecture of the Netherlands

Dutch architecture has played an important role in the international discourse on architecture in three eras.

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Architecture of the United Kingdom

The architecture of the United Kingdom, or British architecture, consists of an eclectic combination of architectural styles, ranging from those that predate the creation of the United Kingdom, such as Roman, to 21st century contemporary.

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Armour

Armour (British English or Canadian English) or armor (American English; see spelling differences) is a protective covering that is used to prevent damage from being inflicted to an object, individual or vehicle by direct contact weapons or projectiles, usually during combat, or from damage caused by a potentially dangerous environment or activity (e.g., cycling, construction sites, etc.). Personal armour is used to protect soldiers and war animals.

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Art

Art is a diverse range of human activities in creating visual, auditory or performing artifacts (artworks), expressing the author's imaginative, conceptual idea, or technical skill, intended to be appreciated for their beauty or emotional power.

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Artisan

An artisan (from artisan, artigiano) is a skilled craft worker who makes or creates things by hand that may be functional or strictly decorative, for example furniture, decorative arts, sculptures, clothing, jewellery, food items, household items and tools or even mechanisms such as the handmade clockwork movement of a watchmaker.

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Asahan Sultanate

The Sultanate of Asahan was a Malay sultanate from approximately 1630 AD until 1946 AD.

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Asam pedas

Asam Pedas (Indonesian and Malay: Asam Pedas, Minangkabau: Asam Padeh, Sour and Spicy) is a Minangkabau and Malay sour and spicy fish stew dish.

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Ashura

Ashura (عاشوراء, colloquially:; عاشورا; عاشورا; Azerbaijani and Turkish: Aşura Günü or Day of Remembrance), and in Jamaica and Trinidad and Tobago 'Hussay' or Hosay, is the tenth day of Muharram in the Islamic calendar.

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Asian Games

The Asian Games, also known as Asiad, is a continental multi-sport event held every four years among athletes from all over Asia.

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Assam

Assam is a state in Northeast India, situated south of the eastern Himalayas along the Brahmaputra and Barak River valleys.

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Asyik

Asyik (literally "beloved"/"besotted") is a classical royal court dance popular in Patani and Kelantan.

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Atayal people

The Atayal, also known as the Tayal and the Tayan, are an indigenous group of Taiwanese aborigines.

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Austroasiatic languages

The Austroasiatic languages, formerly known as Mon–Khmer, are a large language family of Mainland Southeast Asia, also scattered throughout India, Bangladesh, Nepal and the southern border of China, with around 117 million speakers.

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Austronesian languages

The Austronesian languages are a language family that is widely dispersed throughout Maritime Southeast Asia, Madagascar and the islands of the Pacific Ocean, with a few members in continental Asia.

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Austronesian peoples

The Austronesian peoples are various groups in Southeast Asia, Oceania and East Africa that speak languages that are under the Austronesian language super-family.

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Ayutthaya Kingdom

The Ayutthaya Kingdom (อยุธยา,; also spelled Ayudhya or Ayodhaya) was a Siamese kingdom that existed from 1351 to 1767.

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Śukasaptati

Śukasaptati, or Seventy tales of the parrot, is a collection of stories originally written in Sanskrit.

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Baju Kurung

The baju kurung (Jawi: باجو كوروڠ) is a traditional Malay costume which loosely translated as "enclosed dress".

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Baju Melayu

Baju Melayu (Jawi: باجو ملايو) is a traditional Malay outfit for men.

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Balik Kampung

Balik Kampung (English: "return to village") is a Malay term for the massive exodus during festive seasons such as Hari Raya Aidilfitri and Chinese New Year in Malaysia, Singapore and Brunei.

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Bangka Belitung Islands

The Bangka Belitung Islands (Indonesian: Kepulauan Bangka Belitung), is a province of Indonesia, previously a part of South Sumatra Province.

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Bangka Malay

Bangka or Bangka Malay is a Malayan language spoken in Indonesia, specifically on the Island of Bangka in the Bangka–Belitung Islands of Sumatra.

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Bangkok Malay

Bangkok Malay also referred as Bangkok Melayu or Nayu is the local variant of Malay spoken by ethnic Malays living in Bangkok and its surrounding areas.

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Bangsawan

Bangsawan (Jawi: بڠساون) is a type of traditional Malay opera or theatre performed by a troupe, and accompanied by music and sometimes dances.

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Banjar people

The Banjar or Banjarese (in Banjarese language; in Jawi script) are a native ethnic group in South Kalimantan, Indonesia.

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Batak

Batak is a collective term used to identify a number of closely related Austronesian ethnic groups predominantly found in North Sumatra, Indonesia who speak Batak languages.

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Bathing

Bathing is the washing of the body with a liquid, usually water or an aqueous solution, or the immersion of the body in water.

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Battle of Malacca (1641)

The Battle of Malacca (2 August 1640 – 14 January 1641) was a successful attempt by the Dutch to capture Malacca from the Portuguese.

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Bay of Bengal

The Bay of Bengal (Bengali: বঙ্গোপসাগর) is the northeastern part of the Indian Ocean, bounded on the west and north by India and Bangladesh, and on the east by Myanmar and the Andaman and Nicobar Islands (India).

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Belt buckle

A belt buckle is a buckle, a clasp for fastening two ends, such as of straps or a belt, in which a device attached to one of the ends is fitted or coupled to the other.

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Bengkulu

Bengkulu, historically known as Bencoolen or British Bencoolen, is one of the Provinces of Indonesia and is located in the southwest coast of Sumatra.

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Bengkulu language

Bengkulu or Central Malay, is a Malayan language spoken on the Indonesian island of Sumatra, around the city of Bengkulu.

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Berau Malay language

The Berau language, also known as Berau Malay, is an Austronesian language which is spoken by the Berau people in Berau Regency, East Kalimantan, Indonesia.

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Berau Malays

The Berau people, also known as Berau Malays or Berau Benua is a sub-ethnic group of Malays that lives in Berau, in the north of East Kalimantan province, Indonesia.

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Berau Regency

Berau Regency (Kabupaten Berau) is one of the six regencies in East Kalimantan province in Indonesia.

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Betawi language

Betawi Malay, also known as Jakartan Malay or Batavian Malay, is the spoken language of the Betawi people in Jakarta, Indonesia.

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Betawi people

Betawi people or Betawis (Orang Betawi in Indonesian, meaning "people of Batavia") are an Austronesian ethnic group native to the city of Jakarta and its immediate outskirts, as such often described as the native inhabitants of the city.

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Blade

A blade is the portion of a tool, weapon, or machine with an edge that is designed to puncture, chop, slice or scrape surfaces or materials.

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Blowgun

A blowgun (also called a blowpipe or blow tube) is a simple ranged weapon consisting of a long narrow tube for shooting light projectiles such as darts.

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Boria (theatre)

Boria (Jawi: بوريا) is a form of Malay theatre of Indian origin which has through adaptive processes, become the one and only theatre of Malay community in Penang, Malaysia.

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Borneo

Borneo (Pulau Borneo) is the third largest island in the world and the largest in Asia.

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Boundary delimitation

Boundary delimitation (or simply delimitation) is the drawing of boundaries, particularly of electoral precincts, states, counties or other municipalities.

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Bow and arrow

The bow and arrow is a ranged weapon system consisting of an elastic launching device (bow) and long-shafted projectiles (arrows).

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Brass

Brass is a metallic alloy that is made of copper and zinc.

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Brihadisvara Temple, Thanjavur

Brihadishvara Temple, also called Rajarajesvaram or Peruvudaiyar Kovil, is a Hindu temple dedicated to Shiva located in Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India.

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British Empire

The British Empire comprised the dominions, colonies, protectorates, mandates and other territories ruled or administered by the United Kingdom and its predecessor states.

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British Malaya

The term British Malaya loosely describes a set of states on the Malay Peninsula and the island of Singapore that were brought under British control between the 18th and the 20th centuries.

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Brunei

Brunei, officially the Nation of Brunei, the Abode of Peace (Negara Brunei Darussalam, Jawi), is a sovereign state located on the north coast of the island of Borneo in Southeast Asia.

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Brunei Malay

Brunei Malay (Bahasa Melayu Brunei) is the most widely spoken language in Brunei and a lingua franca in some parts of East Malaysia, such as Labuan, Limbang, Lawas, Sipitang and Papar.

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Bruneian Empire

The Bruneian Empire or Empire of Brunei, also known as Sultanate of Brunei or Negara Brunei, was a Malay sultanate, centred in Brunei on the northern coast of Borneo island in Southeast Asia.

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Bruneian Malay people

Bruneian MalaysBrunei Malay in its various forms can be identified with a nation, an ethnic group, and a region.

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Bubur pedas

Bubur pedas is a traditional porridge dish for the Malays both in Sambas and Sarawak.

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Buddhism

Buddhism is the world's fourth-largest religion with over 520 million followers, or over 7% of the global population, known as Buddhists.

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Buddhist art

Buddhist art is the artistic practices that are influenced by Buddhism.

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Bugis

The Buginese people are an ethnic group—the most numerous of the three major linguistic and ethnic groups of South Sulawesi, in the southwestern province of Sulawesi, third largest island of Indonesia.

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Bujang Valley

The Bujang Valley (Lembah Bujang) is a sprawling historical complex and has an area of approximately 224 km2 situated near Merbok, Kedah, between Gunung Jerai in the north and Muda River in the south, it is the richest archaeological area in Malaysia.

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Burmese Malays

Burmese Malays (Melayu Myanmar, Jawi: ملايو ميانمار, ပသျှူးလူမျိုး, Pashu), primarily live in Tanintharyi Region in the southern part of Myanmar.

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Caboloan

Caboloan (also spelled Kaboloan; Luyag na Caboloan), referred to Chinese records as Feng-chia-hsi-lan, was a sovereign pre-colonial Philippine polity located in the fertile Agno River basin and delta, with Binalatongan as the capital.

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Canada

Canada is a country located in the northern part of North America.

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Candi of Indonesia

A candi is a Hindu or Buddhist temple in Indonesia, mostly built during the Zaman Hindu-Buddha or "Indianized period", between the 4th and 15th centuries.

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Cannon

A cannon (plural: cannon or cannons) is a type of gun classified as artillery that launches a projectile using propellant.

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Cape Malays

Cape Malays are an ethnic group or community in South Africa.

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Capture of Malacca (1511)

The Capture of Malacca in 1511 occurred when the governor of Portuguese India Afonso de Albuquerque conquered the city of Malacca in 1511.

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Castilian War

The Spanish Expedition to Borneo, also known locally as the Castilian War (Malay: Perang Kastila; Jawi: ڤراڠ كستيلا; Spanish: Expedición española a Borneo; Filipino: Digmaang Kastila), was a military conflict between Brunei and Spain in 1578.

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Catering

Catering is the business of providing food service at a remote site or a site such as a hotel, hospital, pub, aircraft, cruise ship, park, filming site or studio, entertainment site, or event venue.

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Central Thailand

Central Thailand (central plain) is a region of Thailand, covering the broad alluvial plain of the Chao Phraya River.

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Chaiya District

Chaiya (ไชยา) is a district (amphoe) and town in Surat Thani Province in southern Thailand.

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Chakri dynasty

The Chakri dynasty (จักรี) is the current ruling royal house of the Kingdom of Thailand, while the Head of the house is the monarch.

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Chandrabhanu

Chandrabhanu (died 1263) or Chandrabhanu Sridhamaraja was the King of Tambralinga Kingdom in present-day Thailand.

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Chi Tu

Chi Tu (other alternative spellings include Chihtu, Chitu or Ch-ih-t'u; Sanskrit: Raktamaritika or Raktamrittika; Chinese: 赤土国, pinyin: Chì-tǔ-guó; Malay language: Tanah Merah) was an ancient kingdom mentioned in the history of China.

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Chili pepper

The chili pepper (also chile pepper, chilli pepper, or simply chilli) from Nahuatl chīlli) is the fruit of plants from the genus Capsicum, members of the nightshade family, Solanaceae. They are widely used in many cuisines to add spiciness to dishes. The substances that give chili peppers their intensity when ingested or applied topically are capsaicin and related compounds known as capsaicinoids. Chili peppers originated in Mexico. After the Columbian Exchange, many cultivars of chili pepper spread across the world, used for both food and traditional medicine. Worldwide in 2014, 32.3 million tonnes of green chili peppers and 3.8 million tonnes of dried chili peppers were produced. China is the world's largest producer of green chillies, providing half of the global total.

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China

China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a unitary one-party sovereign state in East Asia and the world's most populous country, with a population of around /1e9 round 3 billion.

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Chinese architecture

Chinese architecture is a style of architecture that has taken shape in East Asia over many centuries.

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Chinese Buddhism

Chinese Buddhism or Han Buddhism has shaped Chinese culture in a wide variety of areas including art, politics, literature, philosophy, medicine, and material culture.

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Chinese culture

Chinese culture is one of the world's oldest cultures, originating thousands of years ago.

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Chola dynasty

The Chola dynasty was one of the longest-ruling dynasties in the history of southern India.

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Christmas Island

The Territory of Christmas Island is an Australian external territory comprising the island of the same name. Christmas Island is located in the Indian Ocean, around south of Java and Sumatra and around north-west of the closest point on the Australian mainland. It has an area of. Christmas Island had a population of 1,843 residents as of 2016, the majority of whom live in settlements on the northern tip of the island. The main settlement is Flying Fish Cove. Around two-thirds of the island's population is estimated to have Malaysian Chinese origin (though just 21.2% of the population declared a Chinese ancestry in 2016), with significant numbers of Malays and white Australians as well as smaller numbers of Malaysian Indians and Eurasians. Several languages are in use, including English, Malay, and various Chinese dialects. Islam and Buddhism are major religions on the island, though a vast majority of the population does not declare a formal religious affiliation and may be involved in ethnic Chinese religion. The first European to sight the island was Richard Rowe of the Thomas in 1615. The island was later named on Christmas Day (25 December) 1643 by Captain William Mynors, but only settled in the late 19th century. Its geographic isolation and history of minimal human disturbance has led to a high level of endemism among its flora and fauna, which is of interest to scientists and naturalists. The majority (63 percent) of the island is included in the Christmas Island National Park, which features several areas of primary monsoonal forest. Phosphate, deposited originally as guano, has been mined on the island since 1899.

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Circumcision

Male circumcision is the removal of the foreskin from the human penis.

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City-state

A city-state is a sovereign state, also described as a type of small independent country, that usually consists of a single city and its dependent territories.

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Civilization

A civilization or civilisation (see English spelling differences) is any complex society characterized by urban development, social stratification imposed by a cultural elite, symbolic systems of communication (for example, writing systems), and a perceived separation from and domination over the natural environment.

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Coconut milk

Coconut milk is the liquid that comes from the grated meat of a mature coconut.

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Cocos (Keeling) Islands

The Territory of Cocos (Keeling) Islands is an Australian external territory in the Indian Ocean, comprising a small archipelago approximately midway between Australia and Sri Lanka.

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Cocos Island

Cocos Island (Isla del Coco) is an island designated as a National Park off the shore of Costa Rica, that does not allow inhabitants other than Costa Rican Park Rangers.

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Cocos Malays

Cocos Malays are a community that form the predominant group of the Cocos (Keeling) Islands, which is now part of Australia.

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Colonization

Colonization (or colonisation) is a process by which a central system of power dominates the surrounding land and its components.

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Common Era

Common Era or Current Era (CE) is one of the notation systems for the world's most widely used calendar era – an alternative to the Dionysian AD and BC system.

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Conference of Rulers

The Conference of Rulers (also Council of Rulers or Durbar, (Malay: Majlis Raja-Raja; Jawi: مجليس راج٢) in Malaysia is a council comprising the nine rulers of the Malay states, and the governors or Yang di-Pertua Negeri of the other four states. It was officially established by Article 38 of the Constitution of Malaysia, and is the only such institution in the world, according to the Malaysian National Library. Its main responsibility is the election of the Yang di-Pertuan Agong (King) and his deputy, the Timbalan Yang di-Pertuan Agong, which occurs every five years or when the positions fall vacant (either through death, resignation, or removal from office). Although its position in the process of elective monarchy is unique, the Conference of Rulers also plays a role in amending the Constitution of Malaysia and some other policies, in particular, those Articles which have been "entrenched", namely those pertaining to the status of the rulers, the special privileges of the indigenous Bumiputra (see Article 153 of the Constitution of Malaysia), the status of the Malay language as the national language, and the clause governing the entrenchment of such Articles.

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Conflict resolution

Conflict resolution is conceptualized as the methods and processes involved in facilitating the peaceful ending of conflict and retribution.

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Congkak

Congkak (Jawi: چوڠكق) or Congklak is a mancala game of Malay origin played in Malaysia, Singapore, Indonesia, Brunei and Southern Thailand.

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Conquistador

Conquistadors (from Spanish or Portuguese conquistadores "conquerors") is a term used to refer to the soldiers and explorers of the Spanish Empire or the Portuguese Empire in a general sense.

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Conservatism

Conservatism is a political and social philosophy promoting traditional social institutions in the context of culture and civilization.

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Coup d'état

A coup d'état, also known simply as a coup, a putsch, golpe de estado, or an overthrow, is a type of revolution, where the illegal and overt seizure of a state by the military or other elites within the state apparatus occurs.

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Coup de grâce

A coup de grâce (French for "blow of mercy") is a death blow to end the suffering of a severely wounded person or animal.

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Cultural learning

Cultural learning, also called cultural transmission, is the way a group of people or animals within a society or culture tend to learn and pass on information.

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Culture

Culture is the social behavior and norms found in human societies.

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Curry

Curry (sometimes, plural curries) is an umbrella term referring to a number of dishes originating in the cuisine of the Indian subcontinent.

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Cymbal

A cymbal is a common percussion instrument.

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Cymbopogon

Cymbopogon, better known as lemongrass, is a genus of Asian, African, Australian, and tropical island plants in the grass family.

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Dagger

A dagger is a knife with a very sharp point and one or two sharp edges, typically designed or capable of being used as a thrusting or stabbing weapon.

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Datuk

Datuk is a traditional Malay honorific title commonly used in Malaysia, Indonesia, and Brunei.

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Dawah

(also daawa or daawah; دعوة "invitation") is the proselytizing or preaching of Islam.

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Dayak people

The Dayak or Dyak or Dayuh are the native people of Borneo.

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Dharmasraya

Dharmasraya is the capital and also the name of the 11th century Malay Hinduism kingdom based on the Batanghari river system in modern-day Jambi and West Sumatra, on the island of Sumatra, Indonesia.

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Dikir barat

Dikir barat (Jawi: دكير بارت; ลิเกบารัต) is a musical form, native to the Malay Peninsula, that involves singing in groups—often in a competitive setting.

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Dolichocephaly

Dolichocephaly (derived from the Ancient Greek δολιχός, meaning "long") is a condition where the head is longer than would be expected, relative to its width.

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Domestic worker

A domestic worker, domestic helper, domestic servant, manservant or menial, is a person who works within the employer's household.

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Dondang Sayang

Dondang Sayang literally love ballad, originated in Malacca sometime in the 15th century, influenced by traditional Portuguese folk music.

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Dong Son culture

The Dong Son culture (named for Đông Sơn, a village in Vietnam) was a Bronze Age culture in ancient Vietnam centred at the Red River Valley of northern Vietnam from 1000 BC until the first century AD.

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Durga Puja

Durga Puja, also called Durgotsava, is an annual Hindu festival in the Indian subcontinent that reveres the goddess Durga. Durga Puja is believed to be the greatest festival of the Bengali people. It is particularly popular in West Bengal, Bihar, Jharkhand, Odisha, Assam, Tripura, Bangladesh and the diaspora from this region, and also in Nepal where it is called Dashain. The festival is observed in the Hindu calendar month of Ashvin, typically September or October of the Gregorian calendar, and is a multi-day festival that features elaborate temple and stage decorations (pandals), scripture recitation, performance arts, revelry, and processions. It is a major festival in the Shaktism tradition of Hinduism across India and Shakta Hindu diaspora. Durga Puja festival marks the battle of goddess Durga with the shape-shifting, deceptive and powerful buffalo demon Mahishasura, and her emerging victorious. Thus, the festival epitomises the victory of good over evil, but it also is in part a harvest festival that marks the goddess as the motherly power behind all of life and creation. The Durga Puja festival dates coincide with Vijayadashami (Dussehra) observed by other traditions of Hinduism, where the Ram Lila is enacted — the victory of Rama is marked and effigies of demon Ravana are burnt instead. The primary goddess revered during Durga Puja is Durga, but her stage and celebrations feature other major deities of Hinduism such as goddess Lakshmi (goddess of wealth, prosperity), Saraswati (goddess of knowledge and music), Ganesha (god of good beginnings) and Kartikeya (god of war). The latter two are considered to be children of Durga (Parvati). The Hindu god Shiva, as Durga's husband, is also revered during this festival. The festival begins on the first day with Mahalaya, marking Durga's advent in her battle against evil. Starting with the sixth day (Sasthi), the goddess is welcomed, festive Durga worship and celebrations begin in elaborately decorated temples and pandals hosting the statues. Lakshmi and Saraswati are revered on the following days. The festival ends of the tenth day of Vijaya Dashami, when with drum beats of music and chants, Shakta Hindu communities start a procession carrying the colorful clay statues to a river or ocean and immerse them, as a form of goodbye and her return to divine cosmos and Mount Kailash. The festival is an old tradition of Hinduism, though it is unclear how and in which century the festival began. Surviving manuscripts from the 14th century provide guidelines for Durga puja, while historical records suggest royalty and wealthy families were sponsoring major Durga Puja public festivities since at least the 16th century. The prominence of Durga Puja increased during the British Raj in its provinces of Bengal and Assam. Durga Puja is a ten-day festival, of which the last five are typically special and an annual holiday in regions such as West Bengal, Odisha and Tripura where it is particularly popular. In the contemporary era, the importance of Durga Puja is as much as a social festival as a religious one wherever it is observed.

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Dutch East India Company

The United East India Company, sometimes known as the United East Indies Company (Vereenigde Oostindische Compagnie; or Verenigde Oost-Indische Compagnie in modern spelling; abbreviated to VOC), better known to the English-speaking world as the Dutch East India Company or sometimes as the Dutch East Indies Company, was a multinational corporation that was founded in 1602 from a government-backed consolidation of several rival Dutch trading companies.

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Dutch East Indies

The Dutch East Indies (or Netherlands East-Indies; Nederlands(ch)-Indië; Hindia Belanda) was a Dutch colony consisting of what is now Indonesia.

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Dutch Empire

The Dutch Empire (Het Nederlandse Koloniale Rijk) comprised the overseas colonies, enclaves, and outposts controlled and administered by Dutch chartered companies, mainly the Dutch West India and the Dutch East India Company, and subsequently by the Dutch Republic (1581–1795), and the modern Kingdom of the Netherlands since 1815.

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Dutch language

The Dutch language is a West Germanic language, spoken by around 23 million people as a first language (including the population of the Netherlands where it is the official language, and about sixty percent of Belgium where it is one of the three official languages) and by another 5 million as a second language.

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Dutch Malacca

Dutch Malacca (1641–1825) was the longest period that Malacca was under foreign control.

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Dvipa

In Indian Cosmology, dvīpa (Devnagari: द्वीप "peninsula, island"; also mahadvipa "great island") is the term for the major divisions of the terrestrial sphere, sometimes translated as "continents".

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Early Malay nationalism

Malay nationalism (Malay: Semangat Kebangsaan Melayu Jawi: سمڠت كبڠساءن ملايو) refers to the nationalism that focused overwhelmingly on the Malay anticolonial struggle, motivated by the nationalist ideal of creating a Bangsa Melayu ("Malay nation") with its central objectives were the advancement and protection of what constitutes the Malayness – religion (Islam), language (Malay), and royalty (Malay rulers).

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East India Company

The East India Company (EIC), also known as the Honourable East India Company (HEIC) or the British East India Company and informally as John Company, was an English and later British joint-stock company, formed to trade with the East Indies (in present-day terms, Maritime Southeast Asia), but ended up trading mainly with Qing China and seizing control of large parts of the Indian subcontinent.

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East Sumatra

The State of East Sumatra (Negara Sumatera Timur) was established by the Netherlands after the reoccupation of North Sumatra in July, 1947, during the first of the Dutch "police actions" against the fledgling Republic of Indonesia.

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East Sumatra revolution

The East Sumatra revolution, also known as the East Sumatra Social Revolution, began on 3 March 1946.

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Eid al-Adha

Eid al-Adha (lit), also called the "Festival of Sacrifice", is the second of two Islamic holidays celebrated worldwide each year (the other being Eid al-Fitr), and considered the holier of the two.

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Eid al-Fitr

Eid al-Fitr (عيد الفطر) is an important religious holiday celebrated by Muslims worldwide that marks the end of Ramadan, the Islamic holy month of fasting (sawm).

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Empire of Japan

The was the historical nation-state and great power that existed from the Meiji Restoration in 1868 to the enactment of the 1947 constitution of modern Japan.

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Encyclopedia of World History

The Encyclopedia of World History is a classic single-volume work detailing world history.

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Epicanthic fold

The epicanthic fold is the skin fold of the upper eyelid, covering the inner corner (medial canthus) of the eye.

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Estuary

An estuary is a partially enclosed coastal body of brackish water with one or more rivers or streams flowing into it, and with a free connection to the open sea.

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Ethnic group

An ethnic group, or an ethnicity, is a category of people who identify with each other based on similarities such as common ancestry, language, history, society, culture or nation.

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Ethnogenesis

Ethnogenesis (from Greek ethnos ἔθνος, "group of people, nation", and genesis γένεσις, "beginning, coming into being"; plural ethnogeneses) is "the formation and development of an ethnic group." This can originate through a process of self-identification as well as come about as the result of outside identification.

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Ethnonym

An ethnonym (from the ἔθνος, éthnos, "nation" and ὄνομα, ónoma, "name") is a name applied to a given ethnic group.

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Ethnoreligious group

An ethnoreligious group (or ethno-religious group) is an ethnic group whose members are also unified by a common religious background.

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Fasting

Fasting is the willing abstinence or reduction from some or all food, drink, or both, for a period of time.

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Federated Malay States

The Federated Malay States (FMS) was a federation of four protected states in the Malay Peninsula—Selangor, Perak, Negeri Sembilan and Pahang—established by the British government in 1895, which lasted until 1946, when they, together with two of the former Straits Settlements (Malacca and Penang) and the Unfederated Malay States, formed the Malayan Union.

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Federation of Malaya

The Federation of Malaya (Persekutuan Tanah Melayu; Jawi: ڤرسكوتوان تانه ملايو) was a federation of 11 states (nine Malay states and two of the British Straits Settlements, Penang and Malacca)See: Cabinet Memorandum by the Secretary of State for the Colonies.

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Feudalism

Feudalism was a combination of legal and military customs in medieval Europe that flourished between the 9th and 15th centuries.

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Filigree

Filigree (also less commonly spelled filagree, and formerly written filigrann or filigrene) is a delicate kind of jewellery metalwork, usually of gold and silver, made with tiny beads or twisted threads, or both in combination, soldered together or to the surface of an object of the same metal and arranged in artistic motifs.

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Folklore

Folklore is the expressive body of culture shared by a particular group of people; it encompasses the traditions common to that culture, subculture or group.

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Frame drum

A frame drum is a drum that has a drumhead width greater than its depth.

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Funan

Funan, (ហ្វូណន - Fonon), (Phù Nam) or Nokor Phnom (នគរភ្នំ) was the name given by Chinese cartographers, geographers and writers to an ancient Indianised state—or, rather a loose network of states (Mandala)—located in mainland Southeast Asia centered on the Mekong Delta that existed from the first to sixth century CE.

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Furnace

A furnace is a device used for high-temperature heating.

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Galangal

Galangal (pronunciation /ˈɡal(ə)ŋɡal/, U.S. /) is a common name for several tropical rhizomatous spices.

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Gamelan

Gamelan is the traditional ensemble music of Java and Bali in Indonesia, made up predominantly of percussive instruments.

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Gangga Negara

Gangga Negara is believed to be a lost semi-legendary Hindu kingdom mentioned in the Malay Annals that covered present day Beruas, Dinding and Manjung in the state of Perak, Malaysia with Raja Gangga Shah Johan as one of its kings.

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Gauteng

Gauteng, which means "place of gold", is one of the nine provinces of South Africa.

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Gemstone

A gemstone (also called a gem, fine gem, jewel, precious stone, or semi-precious stone) is a piece of mineral crystal which, in cut and polished form, is used to make jewelry or other adornments.

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Gending Sriwijaya

Gending Sriwijaya is the name of a song and a traditional dance from Palembang, South Sumatra, Indonesia.

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Genetic admixture

Genetic admixture occurs when two or more previously isolated and genetically differentiated populations begin interbreeding.

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Geography (Ptolemy)

The Geography (Γεωγραφικὴ Ὑφήγησις, Geōgraphikḕ Hyphḗgēsis, "Geographical Guidance"), also known by its Latin names as the Geographia and the Cosmographia, is a gazetteer, an atlas, and a treatise on cartography, compiling the geographical knowledge of the 2nd-century Roman Empire.

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German colonial empire

The German colonial empire (Deutsches Kolonialreich) constituted the overseas colonies, dependencies and territories of Imperial Germany.

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Ghosts in Malay culture

There are many Malay ghost myths (Malay: cerita hantu Melayu; Jawi: چريتا هنتو ملايو), remnants of old animist beliefs that have been shaped by Hindu-Buddhist cosmology and later Muslim influences, in the modern states of Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore and among the Malay diaspora in neighbouring Southeast Asian countries.

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Globalization

Globalization or globalisation is the process of interaction and integration between people, companies, and governments worldwide.

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Gold

Gold is a chemical element with symbol Au (from aurum) and atomic number 79, making it one of the higher atomic number elements that occur naturally.

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Golden Chersonese

The Golden Chersonese or Golden Khersonese (Χρυσῆ Χερσόνησος, Chrysḗ Chersónēsos; Chersonesus Aurea), meaning the Golden Peninsula, was the name used for the Malay Peninsula by Greek and Roman geographers in classical antiquity, most famously in Claudius Ptolemy's 2nd-century Geography.

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Gong

A gong (from Malay: gong;; ra; គង - Kong; ฆ้อง Khong; cồng chiêng) is an East and Southeast Asian musical percussion instrument that takes the form of a flat, circular metal disc which is hit with a mallet.

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Granulation (process)

Granulation is the act or process of forming into grains or granules.

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Greater Indonesia

Greater Indonesia, or in Indonesian and Malaysian, Indonesia Raya or Melayu Raya, was a political concept that sought to bring the so-called Malay race, only part of which were the actual Malays, together by uniting the British territories of Malaya and Borneo with the Dutch East Indies.

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Gulai

Gulai is a type of food containing rich, spicy and succulent curry-like sauce commonly found in Indonesia and Malaysia.

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Gun

A gun is a tubular ranged weapon typically designed to pneumatically discharge projectiles that are solid (most guns) but can also be liquid (as in water guns/cannons and projected water disruptors) or even charged particles (as in a plasma gun) and may be free-flying (as with bullets and artillery shells) or tethered (as with Taser guns, spearguns and harpoon guns).

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Gurindam

Gurindam (Jawi: ڬوريندام) is a type of irregular verse forms of traditional Malay poetry.

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Hajj

The Hajj (حَجّ "pilgrimage") is an annual Islamic pilgrimage to Mecca, the holiest city for Muslims, and a mandatory religious duty for Muslims that must be carried out at least once in their lifetime by all adult Muslims who are physically and financially capable of undertaking the journey, and can support their family during their absence.

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Halal

Halal (حلال, "permissible"), also spelled hallal or halaal, refers to what is permissible or lawful in traditional Islamic law.

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Hamzah Fansuri

Hamzah Fansuri (Jawi: حمزه فنسوري; also spelled Hamzah Pansuri, d. 1590 ?) was a 16th century Sumatran Sufi writer, and the first writer known to pen mystical panentheistic ideas in the Malay language.

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Handicraft

A handicraft, sometimes more precisely expressed as artisanal handicraft or handmade, is any of a wide variety of types of work where useful and decorative objects are made completely by hand or by using only simple tools.

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Hang Tuah

Hang Tuah (Jawi) was a legendary warrior who lived in Malacca during the reign of Sultan Mansur Shah in the 15th century.

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Harvest

Harvesting is the process of gathering a ripe crop from the fields.

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Harvest festival

A harvest festival is an annual celebration that occurs around the time of the main harvest of a given region.

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Hassanal Bolkiah

Hassanal Bolkiah, GCB GCMG (full name: Sultan Haji Hassanal Bolkiah Mu'izzaddin Waddaulah ibn Al-Marhum Sultan Haji Omar Ali Saifuddien Sa'adul Khairi Waddien Sultan and Yang Di-Pertuan of Brunei Darussalam; born 15 July 1946) is the 29th and current Sultan and Yang Di-Pertuan of Brunei.

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Headgear

Headgear, headwear or headdress is the name given to any element of clothing which is worn on one's head.

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Hikayat Abdullah

Hikayat Abdullah was the major literary work of Abdullah bin Abdul Kadir, a Malacca-born Munshi of Singapore.

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Hikayat Amir Hamzah

Hikayat Amir Hamzah is a Malay literary work that chronicles the hero by the name Amir Hamzah.

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Hikayat Awang Sulung Merah Muda

Hikayat Awang Sulong Merah Muda (Jawi: حكاية اوڠ سولوڠ ميره مودا) is a literary work that was published in 1907.

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Hikayat Bayan Budiman

Hikayat Bayan Budiman (Jawi script: حكايت بيان بوديمان) is the Malay version of a tradition that begins with the Sanskrit Śukasaptati, The Parrot's Seventy Tales, an Indian work, in which a parrot tells 70 stories in order to prevent a woman from going on the wrong path.

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Hikayat Malim Dewa

Hikayat Malim Dewa (Jawi: حكاية ماليم ديوا) is a historical Malay literary work.

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Hikayat Muhammad Hanafiah

Hikayat Muhammad Hanafiah is a Malay literary work that recounts the story of Muhammad ibn al-Hanafiyyah, half-brother of the martyrs of Shiism, Hasan and Husayn.

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Hikayat Panca Tanderan

Hikayat Panca Tanderan is a hikayat in Malay language written by Abdullah bin Abdul Kadir.

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Hikayat Seri Rama

Hikayat Seri Rama is the Malay literary adaptation of the Hindu Ramayana epic in the form of a hikayat.

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Hindu mythology

Hindu mythology are mythical narratives found in Hindu texts such as the Vedic literature, epics like Mahabharata and Ramayana, the Puranas, the regional literatures Sangam literature and Periya Puranam.

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Hindu temple

A Hindu temple is a symbolic house, seat and body of god.

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Hinduism

Hinduism is an Indian religion and dharma, or a way of life, widely practised in the Indian subcontinent.

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History of Brunei

The history of Brunei concerns the settlements and societies located on the north coast of the island of Borneo; the influence of Indianised kingdoms and empires for much of its history.

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History of Kedah

Kedah, also written as Queda, and known in the early days as Qalha, Kalah Bar, Kalah or Kalaha by the Arabs and Persians, Cheh-Cha, Ka-Cha by the Chinese and Kedaram, Kidaram, Kalagam and Kataha by the Tamils, is an early kingdom on the Malay Peninsula and an important early trade centre.

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History of Southeast Asia

The term Southeast Asia has been in use since World War II.

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History of the Malay language

Malay is a major language of the Austronesian language family.

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Hitopadesha

Hitopadesha (Sanskrit: हितोपदेशः, IAST: Hitopadeśa, "Beneficial Advice") is an Indian text in Sanskrit language consisting of fables with animal and human characters.

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Hoabinhian

The term Hòa Bình culture (Văn hóa Hòa Bình, in French culture de Hoà Bình) was first used by French archaeologists working in Northern Vietnam to describe Holocene period archaeological assemblages excavated from rock shelters.

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Homecoming

Homecoming is the tradition of welcoming back former students and members and celebrating an organization's existence.

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Honorific

An honorific is a title that conveys esteem or respect for position or rank when used in addressing or referring to a person.

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Hulu Perak District

The Hulu Perak District is a district in Perak, Malaysia.

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Human body

The human body is the entire structure of a human being.

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Human Genome Organisation

The Human Genome Organisation (HUGO) is an organization involved in the Human Genome Project, a project about mapping the human genome.

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Ice age

An ice age is a period of long-term reduction in the temperature of Earth's surface and atmosphere, resulting in the presence or expansion of continental and polar ice sheets and alpine glaciers.

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Incense

Incense is aromatic biotic material which releases fragrant smoke when burned.

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India

India (IAST), also called the Republic of India (IAST), is a country in South Asia.

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Indochina

Indochina, originally Indo-China, is a geographical term originating in the early nineteenth century and referring to the continental portion of the region now known as Southeast Asia.

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Indonesia

Indonesia (or; Indonesian), officially the Republic of Indonesia (Republik Indonesia), is a transcontinental unitary sovereign state located mainly in Southeast Asia, with some territories in Oceania.

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Indonesian language

Indonesian (bahasa Indonesia) is the official language of Indonesia.

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Indonesian National Awakening

The Indonesian National Awakening (Kebangkitan Nasional Indonesia) is a term for the period in the first half of the 20th century, during which people from many parts of the archipelago first began to develop a national consciousness as "Indonesians".

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Ingot

An ingot is a piece of relatively pure material, usually metal, that is cast into a shape suitable for further processing.

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Intercultural communication principles

Inter-cultural communication principles guides the process of exchanging meaningful and unambiguous information across cultural boundaries, in a way that preserves mutual respect and minimises antagonism.

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Iron

Iron is a chemical element with symbol Fe (from ferrum) and atomic number 26.

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Iron Age

The Iron Age is the final epoch of the three-age system, preceded by the Stone Age (Neolithic) and the Bronze Age.

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Islam

IslamThere are ten pronunciations of Islam in English, differing in whether the first or second syllable has the stress, whether the s is or, and whether the a is pronounced, or (when the stress is on the first syllable) (Merriam Webster).

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Islamic architecture

Islamic architecture encompasses a wide range of both secular and religious styles from the early history of Islam to the present day.

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Islamic art

Islamic art encompasses the visual arts produced from the 7th century onward by people who lived within the territory that was inhabited by or ruled by culturally Islamic populations.

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Islamic calendar

The Islamic, Muslim, or Hijri calendar (التقويم الهجري at-taqwīm al-hijrī) is a lunar calendar consisting of 12 months in a year of 354 or 355 days.

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Islamic calligraphy

Islamic calligraphy is the artistic practice of handwriting and calligraphy, based upon the alphabet in the lands sharing a common Islamic cultural heritage.

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Islamic holidays

There are two official holidays in Islam: Eid Al-Fitr and Eid Al-Adha.

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Islamic literature

Islamic literature is literature written with an Islamic perspective, in any language.

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Islamic New Year

The Islamic New Year, also known as Arabic New Year or Hijri New Year (رأس السنة الهجرية) is the day that marks the beginning of a new Islamic calendar year, and is the day on which the year count is incremented.

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Islamic republic

An Islamic republic is the name given to several states that are officially ruled by Islamic laws, including the Islamic Republics of Afghanistan, Iran, Pakistan, and Mauritania.

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Islamic revival

Islamic revival (تجديد, lit. "regeneration, renewal"; also الصحوة الإسلامية, "Islamic awakening") refers to a revival of the Islamic religion.

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Islamism

Islamism is a concept whose meaning has been debated in both public and academic contexts.

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Islamization

Islamization (also spelled Islamisation, see spelling differences; أسلمة), Islamicization or Islamification is the process of a society's shift towards Islam, such as found in Sudan, Pakistan, Iran, Malaysia, or Algeria.

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Isra and Mi'raj

The Isra and Mi'raj (الإسراء والمعراج) are the two parts of a Night Journey that, according to Islam, Muhammad took during a single night around the year 621 CE.

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Istana

Istana is a Malay and Indonesian word meaning "palace.".

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Italian language

Italian (or lingua italiana) is a Romance language.

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Jaffna Kingdom

The Jaffna Kingdom (யாழ்ப்பாண அரசு) (1215–1624 CE), also known as Kingdom of Aryacakravarti, of modern northern Sri Lanka was a historic monarchy that came into existence around the town of Jaffna on the Jaffna peninsula traditionally thought to be established after the invasion of Magha, who is credited with the founding of the Jaffna kingdom and is said to have been from Kalinga, in India.

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Jahai people

The Jahai or Jehai people are an indigenous Orang Asli of the Semang people group found in Perak and Kelantan, Malaysia and parts of Thailand.

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Jakun people

Jakuns are an ethnic group recognised as Orang Asli (indigenous people) of the Malay Peninsula.

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Jambi

Jambi is a province of Indonesia.

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Jambi Malay

Jambi Malay (Jambi Malay: Baso Jambi, Indonesian: Bahasa Jambi or Bahasa Melayu Jambi) is a Malayan language spoken in Jambi province, Indonesia.

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Jambi Sultanate

The Sultanate of Jambi was a region ruled by a sultan in northern Sumatra.

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Japan

Japan (日本; Nippon or Nihon; formally 日本国 or Nihon-koku, lit. "State of Japan") is a sovereign island country in East Asia.

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Japanese occupation of British Borneo

Before the outbreak of World War II in the Pacific, the island of Borneo was divided into five territories.

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Japanese occupation of Malaya

Malaya was gradually occupied by the Japanese between 8 December 1941 and the Allied surrender at Singapore on 16 February 1942.

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Japanese occupation of the Dutch East Indies

The Japanese Empire occupied the Dutch East Indies, now Indonesia, during World War II from March 1942 until after the end of the War in September 1945.

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Jatavarman Sundara Pandyan I

Jatavarman Sundara Pandyan I, also known as Sadayavarman Sundara Pandyan, was king and of the Pandyan dynasty, ruling regions of Tamilakkam (present day South India between 1250–1268.Sethuraman, p124 He is remembered for his patronage of the arts and Dravidian architecture, along with refurbishment and decoration of many Kovils in the Tamil continent. He oversaw a massive economic growth of the Pandyan kingdom. On the eve of his death in 1268, the second Pandyan empire's power and territorial extent had risen to its zenith.

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Java

Java (Indonesian: Jawa; Javanese: ꦗꦮ; Sundanese) is an island of Indonesia.

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Javanese culture

Javanese culture is the culture of the Javanese ethnic group in Indonesia, part of the Indonesian culture.

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Javanese language

Javanese (colloquially known as) is the language of the Javanese people from the central and eastern parts of the island of Java, in Indonesia.

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Javanese people

The Javanese (Ngoko Javanese:, Madya Javanese:,See: Javanese language: Politeness Krama Javanese:, Ngoko Gêdrìk: wòng Jåwå, Madya Gêdrìk: tiyang Jawi, Krama Gêdrìk: priyantun Jawi, Indonesian: suku Jawa) are an ethnic group native to the Indonesian island of Java.

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Jawi alphabet

Jawi (Jawi: Jāwī; Pattani: Yawi; Acehnese: Jawoë) is an Arabic alphabet for writing Malay, Acehnese, Banjarese, Minangkabau, Tausūg and several other languages in Southeast Asia.

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Jean-Baptiste Tavernier

Jean-Baptiste Tavernier (1605 – 1689) was a 17th-century French gem merchant and traveler.

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Jembrana Regency

Jembrana is a regency (kabupaten) of Bali, Indonesia.

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Jewellery

Jewellery (British English) or jewelry (American English)see American and British spelling differences consists of small decorative items worn for personal adornment, such as brooches, rings, necklaces, earrings, pendants, bracelets, and cufflinks.

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Jikey

Jikey (Jawi: جيكيي) is a traditional Malay dance drama that is popular in Kedah and Perlis, Malaysia.

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Joget

Joget (Jawi: جوڬيت) is a traditional Malay dance that originated in Malacca.

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Joglo

Joglo is a type of traditional vernacular house of the Javanese people (Javanese omah).

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Johor

Johor or Johore is a Malaysian state, located in the southern portion of Peninsular Malaysia.

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Johor Sultanate

The Sultanate of Johor (or sometimes Johor-Riau or Johor-Riau-Lingga or Johor Empire) was founded by Malaccan Sultan Mahmud Shah's son, Sultan Alauddin Riayat Shah II in 1528.

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Kalimantan

Kalimantan is the Indonesian portion of the island of Borneo.

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Kampong (village)

A Kampong or Kampung - (Malay and Indonesian spelling) is a village in Malaysia, Brunei, Indonesia, Singapore and Cambodia.

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Kawi script

Aksara Kawi (from Sanskrit: कवि "kavi" lit. "poet") or Aksara Jawa Kuna ("Old Javanese script") is the name given to the writing system originating in Java and used across much of Maritime Southeast Asia from the 8th century to around 1500 AD.

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Kedah

Kedah (Jawi: قدح), also known by its honorific Darul Aman or "Abode of Peace", is a state of Malaysia, located in the northwestern part of Peninsular Malaysia.

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Kedah Malay

Kedah Malay or Kedahan (Also known as Pelat Utara or Loghat Utara 'Northern Dialect') also referred in Thailand as "Syburi Malay" (ภาษามลายูไทรบุรี) is a variety of the Malayan languages mainly spoken in the northwestern northern Malaysian states of Perlis, Kedah, Penang, and northern Perak and in the southern Thai provinces of Trang, Satun and parts of Yala, the usage of Kedahan Malay was historically prevalent in southwestern Thailand before being superseded by the Thai language.

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Kedah Sultanate

The Kedah Sultanate is a Muslim dynasty located in the Malay Peninsula.

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Kedahan Malay people

Kedahan Malay (Malay: Melayu Kedah, Jawi: ﻤﻼﻴﻮ ﻗﺪﺡ) or commonly known as Orang Utara is a sub-group of Malays that is native to northern Malaysia (in the states Kedah, Penang and Perlis as well northernmost parts of Perak) and in southernmost parts of Thailand (in the provinces of Phuket, Trang and Satun) and Burma (in Mergui Archipelago).

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Kelantan

Kelantan (Jawi: کلنتن;, Kelantanese: Kelate) is a state of Malaysia.

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Kelantan Sultanate

The Sultan of Kelantan is the constitutional head of Kelantan state in Malaysia.

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Kelantan-Pattani Malay

Kelantan-Pattani Malay, often referred to in Thailand as Yawi (in Thai) or Jawi (in Patani Malay), and in Kelantan as Baso Kelate, is a Malayan language spoken in the Malaysian state of Kelantan and the neighbouring southernmost provinces of Thailand.

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Kelantanese Malay people

Kelantanese Malays (Malaysian: Orang Melayu Kelantan, Kelantanese: Oghe Kelate) are a sub-ethnic group of Malays native to the state of Kelantan, Malaysia as well as in northern Terengganu (in the districts of Besut and northern Setiu).

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Kensiu language

Kensiu (Kensiw) is an Austro-Asiatic language of the Jahaic (Northern Aslian) subbranch.

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Kesatuan Melayu Muda

Kesatuan Melayu Muda (KMM) (Jawi: كساتوان ملايو مودا; roughly Young Malays Union in Malay) was the first leftist and national political establishment in British Malaya.

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Ketuanan Melayu

Ketuanan Melayu (Jawi script: كتوانان ملايو; literally "Malay dominance") is a political concept emphasising Malay preeminence in present-day Malaysia.

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Ketupat

Ketupat (in Malay and Indonesian), Kupat (in Javanese and Sundanese) or Tipat (in Balinese) is a type of dumpling made from rice packed inside a diamond-shaped container of woven palm leaf pouch.

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Kickboxing

Kickboxing is a group of stand-up combat sports based on kicking and punching, historically developed from karate mixed with boxing.

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Kingdom of Besut Darul Iman

The Kingdom of Besut Darul Iman (Kerajaan Besut Darul Iman; Jawi:كراجأن بسوت دارالايمان) was a historical Malay Kingdom located in the northeastern coast of the Malay Peninsula, precursor of the present-day Besut District and most of Setiu, Terengganu.

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Kingdom of Kubang Pasu Darul Qiyam

Kubang Pasu, officially known as the Kingdom of Kubang Pasu Darul Qiyam (Kerajaan Kubang Pasu Darul Qiyam; Jawi:كراجأن كوبڠ ڤاسو دارول قييم) was a historical Malay Kingdom located in the northern Malay Peninsula.

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Kingdom of Reman

The Kingdom of Reman or Kingdom of Rahman (Kerajaan Reman; Jawi: كراجأن رمان) was a landlocked traditional Malay kingdom established in the northern Malay Peninsular.

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Kingdom of Setul Mambang Segara

Setul, officially the Kingdom of Setul Mambang Segara (Kerajaan Setul Mambang Segara; Jawi:نڬري ستول ممبڠ سڬارا) was a traditional Malay kingdom founded in the northern coast of Malay Peninsular.

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Kingdom of Singapura

The Kingdom of Singapura (Malay: Kerajaan Singapura) was a Malay kingdom thought to exist on the island of Singapore from 1299 until its fall in 1398.

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Kisah Pelayaran Abdullah ke Kelantan

Kisah Pelayaran Abdullah ke Kelantan (English: The story of Abdullah’s voyage to Kelantan) was a Malay literary work of Abdullah bin Abdul Kadir.

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Kisah Pelayaran Abdullah ke Mekah

Kisah Pelayaran Abdullah ke Mekah (English: The story of Abdullah’s voyage to Mekah) was the last work of Abdullah bin Abdul Kadir.

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Kite

A kite is a tethered heavier-than-air craft with wing surfaces that react against the air to create lift and drag.

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Korea

Korea is a region in East Asia; since 1945 it has been divided into two distinctive sovereign states: North Korea and South Korea.

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Kra Isthmus

The Kra Isthmus (คอคอดกระ,; Segenting Kra/Segenting Kera) is the narrowest part of the Malay Peninsula, in southern Thailand and Myanmar.

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Krabi Province

Krabi (กระบี่) is one of the southern provinces (changwat) of Thailand, on the shore of the Strait of Malacca.

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Kris

The kris (ngoko Javanese:; krama inggil Javanese:; ngoko: keris; krama; dhuwung; krama inggil: wangkingan, lit. "to slice"; Jawi: کريس, Thai: กริช krit, Minangkabau: karih, Tagalog: kalis; Bugis and Makassarese: sele) is an asymmetrical dagger with distinctive blade-patterning achieved through alternating laminations of iron and nickelous iron (pamor).

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Kuala Kangsar (town)

The Kuala Kangsar is the royal town of Perak, Malaysia.

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Kuala Lumpur International Airport

Kuala Lumpur International Airport (KLIA) (Malay: Lapangan Terbang Antarabangsa Kuala Lumpur) is Malaysia's main international airport and one of the major airports in Southeast Asia and worldwide.

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Kuching

Kuching (Jawi), officially the City of Kuching, is the capital and the most populous city in the state of Sarawak in Malaysia.

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La-ngu District

La-ngu (ละงู) is a district (amphoe) of Satun Province, southern Thailand.

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Laksa

Laksa is a spicy noodle soup popular in the Peranakan cuisine.

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Laksamana

The Laksamana (Jawi: لقسامان) is a position within the armed forces, similar to the position of admiral in Malay sultanates and in present-day countries like Indonesia and Malaysia.

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Lam Luk Ka District

Lam Luk Ka is a district (amphoe) of Pathum Thani Province, central Thailand.

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Landak Regency

Landak Regency is a regency of West Kalimantan province, Indonesia.

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Langkasuka

Langkasuka was an ancient Indianised (Hindu-Buddhist) kingdom located in the Malay Peninsula.

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Latin

Latin (Latin: lingua latīna) is a classical language belonging to the Italic branch of the Indo-European languages.

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Lavo Kingdom

The Kingdom of Lavo was a political entity (mandala) on the left bank of the Chao Phraya River in the Upper Chao Phraya valley from the end of Dvaravati civilization, around the 7th century, until 1388.

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Left-wing politics

Left-wing politics supports social equality and egalitarianism, often in opposition to social hierarchy.

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Lekor

Lekor, keropok lekor or fish sausage is a traditional Malay fish cracker snack originating from the state of Terengganu, Malaysia.

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Lima Puluh Kota Regency

Lima Puluh Kota, or Limapuluh Koto (meaning fifty states or fifty towns in Minangkabau language), is a regency (kabupaten) of West Sumatra, Indonesia.

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Lime (fruit)

A lime (from French lime, from Arabic līma, from Persian līmū, "lemon") is a hybrid citrus fruit, which is typically round, lime green, in diameter, and contains acidic juice vesicles.

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Lingua franca

A lingua franca, also known as a bridge language, common language, trade language, auxiliary language, vernacular language, or link language is a language or dialect systematically used to make communication possible between people who do not share a native language or dialect, particularly when it is a third language that is distinct from both native languages.

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List of eating utensils

Humans in different cultures use a variety of tools to eat.

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List of Hikayat

Hikayat (Jawi: حكاية) - an Arabic word that literally translates to "stories" - is a form of Malay literature, which relate the adventures of national heroes of Malayan kingdoms, or royal chronicles.

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List of Malay people

This is a list of notable Malay people or notable people of Malay descent.

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List of Sultans of Brunei

The Sultan of Brunei is the head of state and absolute monarch of Brunei.

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Louis Thomassin

Louis Thomassin (Latin Ludovicus Thomassinus; 28 August 1619 at Aix-en-Provence–24 December 1695 in Paris) was a French theologian and Oratorian.

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Luzon

Luzon is the largest and most populous island in the Philippines.

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Madagascar

Madagascar (Madagasikara), officially the Republic of Madagascar (Repoblikan'i Madagasikara; République de Madagascar), and previously known as the Malagasy Republic, is an island country in the Indian Ocean, off the coast of East Africa.

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Madja-as

The Kedatuan of Madja-as or the Confederation of Madja-as (Kinaray-a: Kapunuan kang Madyas; Aklanon: Kapunuan it Madyas; Hiligaynon: Kahugpungan sang Madyas; Cebuano: Kahugpongan sa Madyas; Baybayin), also known as Sri-BisayaJovito S. Abellana, "Bisaya Patronymesis Sri Visjaya" (Ms., Cebuano Studies Center, ca. 1960) (Malayo-Sanskrit), was a pre-Hispanic Mandala in Panay, within the Visayas islands in what is now the Philippines, and was the oldest Srivijayan vassal in the archipelago, next to the Sulu Archipelago.

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Magellan–Elcano circumnavigation

The Magellan–Elcano circumnavigation was the first voyage around the world in human history.

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Mahabharata

The Mahābhārata (महाभारतम्) is one of the two major Sanskrit epics of ancient India, the other being the Rāmāyaṇa.

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Mak Inang

Mak Inang (Jawi: مق عناڠ) is a traditional Malay dance that originated from the time of Malacca Sultanate.

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Mak yong

Mak yong or mak yung (Malay in Jawi: مق يوڠ; มะโย่ง) is a traditional form of dance-drama from northern Malaysia, particularly the state of Kelantan.

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Malacca

Malacca (Melaka; மலாக்கா) dubbed "The Historic State", is a state in Malaysia located in the southern region of the Malay Peninsula, next to the Strait of Malacca.

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Malacca Sultanate

The Malacca Sultanate (Kesultanan Melayu Melaka; Jawi script: كسلطانن ملايو ملاك) was a Malay sultanate centred in the modern-day state of Malacca, Malaysia.

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Malay alphabet

The modern Malay alphabet or Indonesian alphabet (Brunei, Malaysia and Singapore: Tulisan Rumi, literally "Roman script" or "Roman writing", Indonesia: "Tulisan Latin") consists of the 26 letters of the ISO basic Latin alphabet without any diacritics.

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Malay Annals

The Malay Annals (Malay: Sejarah Melayu, Jawi: سجاره ملايو), originally titled Sulalatus Salatin (Genealogy of Kings), is a literary work that gives a romanticised history of the origin, evolution and demise of the great Malay maritime empire, the Malacca Sultanate.

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Malay Archipelago

The Malay Archipelago (Malaysian & Indonesian: Kepulauan Melayu/Nusantara, Tagalog: Kapuluang Malay, Visayan: Kapupud-ang Malay) is the archipelago between mainland Indochina and Australia.

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Malay College Kuala Kangsar

Kolej Melayu Kuala Kangsar (The Malay College Kuala Kangsar; abbreviated MCKK; formerly known as Maktab Melayu Kuala Kangsar) is a premier residential school in Malaysia.

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Malay cuisine

Malay cuisine is the cooking tradition of ethnic Malays of Malaysia, Indonesia (parts of Sumatra and West Kalimantan), Singapore, Brunei, Southern Thailand and the Philippines (mostly Southern).

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Malay folklore

Malay folklore refers to a series of knowledge, traditions and taboos that have been passed down through many generations in oral, written and symbolic forms among the indigenous populations of Maritime Southeast Asia (Nusantara).

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Malay houses

Malay houses (Malay: Rumah Melayu; Jawi: رومه ملايو) are traditional dwellings, originating before the arrival of foreign or modern influences, and constructed by the indigenous ethnic Malay of the Malay Peninsula, Sumatra and Borneo.

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Malay Indonesian

Malay Indonesians (Malay: orang Melayu Indonesia; Jawi script: اورڠ ملايو ايندونيسيا) are ethnic Malays living throughout Indonesia as one of the indigenous peoples of the island nation.

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Malay kite

The Malay kite is a model of tailless kite.

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Malay language

Malay (Bahasa Melayu بهاس ملايو) is a major language of the Austronesian family spoken in Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia and Singapore.

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Malay Peninsula

The Malay Peninsula (Tanah Melayu, تانه ملايو; คาบสมุทรมลายู,, မလေး ကျွန်းဆွယ်, 马来半岛 / 馬來半島) is a peninsula in Southeast Asia.

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Malay Singaporeans

Malay Singaporeans or Singaporean Malays (Melayu Singapura; Jawi: ملايو سيڠاڤورا) are defined by the Government of Singapore and by intellectuals in the country using the broader concept of the Malay race, including ethnic Malays and related ethnic groups.

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Malay styles and titles

The Malay language has a complex system of styles, titles and honorifics, which are used extensively in Brunei and Malaysia.

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Malay trade and creole languages

In addition to its classical and literary form, Malay had various regional dialects established before the rise of the Malaccan Sultanate.

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Malay units of measurement

Units of measurement used in Malaysia and neighbouring countries include the kati, a unit of mass, and the gantang, a unit of volume.

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Malay world

The Malay world or Malay realm (Malay: Dunia Melayu or Alam Melayu, Jawi: دنيا ملايو or عالم ملايو) is a concept or an expression that has been utilised by different authors and groups over time to denote several different notions, derived from varied interpretations of Malayness, either as a racial category, as a linguistic group, or as a political-cultural group.

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Malayan languages

The Malay or Malayan languages are a group of closely related languages spoken by Malays and related peoples across Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, Southern Thailand and the far southern parts of the Philippines.

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Malayan Union

The Malayan Union was a union of the Malay states and the Straits Settlements of Penang and Malacca.

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Malayic languages

The Malayic languages are a branch of the Austronesian family.

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Malayisation

Malayisation is a process of assimilation and acculturation, that involves acquisition (Masuk Melayu, literally "embracing Malayness") or imposition (Pemelayuan or Melayuisasi) of elements of Malay culture, in particular, Islam and Malay language, as experienced by non-Malay populations of territories controlled or substantially influenced by historical Malay sultanates and modern Malay-speaking countries.

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Malayness

Malayness (Kemelayuan Jawi) is a term used to describe the state of being Malay, or of embodying Malay characteristics, and is used to refer to that which binds and distinguishes the Malay people and forms the basis of their unity and identity.

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Malaysia

Malaysia is a federal constitutional monarchy in Southeast Asia.

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Malaysian batik

Malaysian Batik is batik textile art of Malaysia, especially on the east coast of Malaysia (Kelantan, Terengganu and Pahang).

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Malaysian Islamic Party

The Malaysian Islamic Party (PAS; Parti Islam Se-Malaysia; formerly known as Malayan Islamic Party) is an Islamist political party in Malaysia.

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Malaysian language

The Malaysian language (bahasa Malaysia), or Malaysian Malay (bahasa Melayu Malaysia) is the name regularly applied to the Malay language used in Malaysia.

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Malaysian Malay

Malaysian Malays (Malaysian: Melayu Malaysia, Jawi: ملايو مليسيا) are Malaysians of Malay ethnicity whose ancestry originates wholly or partly in the Malay world.

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Manado Malay

Manado Malay, or simply the Manado language, is a creole language spoken in Manado, the capital of North Sulawesi province in Indonesia, and the surrounding area.

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Mancala

Mancala is one of the oldest games played.

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Mandala (political model)

Maṇḍala is a Sanskrit word that means "circle".

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Manila

Manila (Maynilà, or), officially the City of Manila (Lungsod ng Maynilà), is the capital of the Philippines and the most densely populated city proper in the world.

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Mansur Shah of Malacca

Sultan Mansur Shah ibni Almarhum Sultan Muzaffar Shah (died 1477) was the sixth Sultan of Malacca.

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Marathi people

The Marathi people (मराठी लोक) are an ethnic group that speak Marathi, an Indo-Aryan language.

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Marco Polo

Marco Polo (1254January 8–9, 1324) was an Italian merchant, explorer, and writer, born in the Republic of Venice.

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Maritime Southeast Asia

Maritime Southeast Asia is the maritime region of Southeast Asia as opposed to mainland Southeast Asia and comprises what is now Malaysia, Brunei, Philippines, Singapore, Indonesia, and Timor Leste.

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Masterpiece

Masterpiece, magnum opus (Latin, great work) or chef-d’œuvre (French, master of work, plural chefs-d’œuvre) in modern use is a creation that has been given much critical praise, especially one that is considered the greatest work of a person's career or to a work of outstanding creativity, skill, profundity, or workmanship.

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Mawlid

Mawlid or Mawlid al-Nabi al-Sharif (مَولِد النَّبِي mawlidu n-nabiyyi, "Birth of the Prophet", sometimes simply called in colloquial Arabic مولد mawlid, mevlid, mevlit, mulud among other vernacular pronunciations; sometimes ميلاد mīlād) is the observance of the birthday of the Islamic prophet Muhammad which is commemorated in Rabi' al-awwal, the third month in the Islamic calendar.

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Mecca

Mecca or Makkah (مكة is a city in the Hejazi region of the Arabian Peninsula, and the plain of Tihamah in Saudi Arabia, and is also the capital and administrative headquarters of the Makkah Region. The city is located inland from Jeddah in a narrow valley at a height of above sea level, and south of Medina. Its resident population in 2012 was roughly 2 million, although visitors more than triple this number every year during the Ḥajj (حَـجّ, "Pilgrimage") period held in the twelfth Muslim lunar month of Dhūl-Ḥijjah (ذُو الْـحِـجَّـة). As the birthplace of Muhammad, and the site of Muhammad's first revelation of the Quran (specifically, a cave from Mecca), Mecca is regarded as the holiest city in the religion of Islam and a pilgrimage to it known as the Hajj is obligatory for all able Muslims. Mecca is home to the Kaaba, by majority description Islam's holiest site, as well as being the direction of Muslim prayer. Mecca was long ruled by Muhammad's descendants, the sharifs, acting either as independent rulers or as vassals to larger polities. It was conquered by Ibn Saud in 1925. In its modern period, Mecca has seen tremendous expansion in size and infrastructure, home to structures such as the Abraj Al Bait, also known as the Makkah Royal Clock Tower Hotel, the world's fourth tallest building and the building with the third largest amount of floor area. During this expansion, Mecca has lost some historical structures and archaeological sites, such as the Ajyad Fortress. Today, more than 15 million Muslims visit Mecca annually, including several million during the few days of the Hajj. As a result, Mecca has become one of the most cosmopolitan cities in the Muslim world,Fattah, Hassan M., The New York Times (20 January 2005). even though non-Muslims are prohibited from entering the city.

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Medan

Medan; is the capital of North Sumatra province in Indonesia.

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Mek Mulung

Mek Mulung (Jawi: مق مولوڠ) is a traditional Malay theatre that unique to the northwest state of Kedah in Malaysia.

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Mekong

The Mekong is a trans-boundary river in Southeast Asia.

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Melayu Islam Beraja

Melayu Islam Beraja (Malay Islamic Monarchy, MIB; Jawi: ملايو اسلام براج) was officially proclaimed as the national philosophy of Brunei (Negara Brunei Darussalam) on the day of its independence on 1 January 1984 by Sultan Hassanal Bolkiah.

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Melayu Kingdom

The Melayu Kingdom (also known as Malayu, Dharmasraya Kingdom or the Jambi Kingdom;, reconstructed Middle Chinese pronunciation mat-la-yu kwok)Muljana, Slamet, (2006), Sriwijaya, Yogyakarta: LKIS,.

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Menora (dance)

Menora (Jawi: منورا) is a type of dance drama originating in Southern Thailand and practised mainly in the northern states of Malaysia and southern provinces of Thailand.

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Merbok

Merbok is a mukim in Kuala Muda District, Kedah, Malaysia.

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Metalworking

Metalworking is the process of working with metals to create individual parts, assemblies, or large-scale structures.

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Mid-Sha'ban

Bara'a Night (Laylat al-Bara’at) or Mid-Sha'ban (Niṣf Sha‘bān) is a holiday observed by various Muslim communities on the night between 14 and 15 Sha'ban.

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Middle East

The Middle Easttranslit-std; translit; Orta Şərq; Central Kurdish: ڕۆژھەڵاتی ناوین, Rojhelatî Nawîn; Moyen-Orient; translit; translit; translit; Rojhilata Navîn; translit; Bariga Dhexe; Orta Doğu; translit is a transcontinental region centered on Western Asia, Turkey (both Asian and European), and Egypt (which is mostly in North Africa).

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Mie celor

Mie celor (meaning: celor/blanched noodle), is a noodle dish served in coconut milk soup and shrimp-based broth, specialty of Palembang city, South Sumatra, Indonesia.

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Min Buri District

Min Buri (มีนบุรี) is one of the 50 districts (khet) of Bangkok, Thailand.

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Minangkabau language

Minangkabau (autonym: Baso Minang(kabau); Bahasa Minangkabau) is an Austronesian language spoken by the Minangkabau of West Sumatra, the western part of Riau, South Aceh Regency, the northern part of Bengkulu and Jambi, also in several cities throughout Indonesia by migrated Minangkabau.

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Minangkabau people

Minangkabau people (Minangkabau: Urang Minang; Indonesian: Suku Minang; Jawi script: اورڠ مينڠ), also known as Minang, are an ethnic group indigenous to the Minangkabau Highlands of West Sumatra, Indonesia.

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Ming dynasty

The Ming dynasty was the ruling dynasty of China – then known as the – for 276 years (1368–1644) following the collapse of the Mongol-led Yuan dynasty.

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Mohd Zaquan Adha Abdul Radzak

Mohamad Zaquan Adha Bin Abd Radzak (born 3 August 1987 in Seremban, Negeri Sembilan) is a Malaysian professional footballer who plays as a forward for Malaysia Super League side Kuala Lumpur.

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Moken

The Moken (also Mawken or Morgan;; translit) are an Austronesian people of the Mergui Archipelago, a group of approximately 800 islands claimed by both Burma and Thailand.

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Mosque

A mosque (from masjid) is a place of worship for Muslims.

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Mount Jerai

Mount Jerai (Gunung Jerai), formerly Kedah Peak, is a mountain in Kedah, Malaysia with the height of.

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Muara Takus

Muara Takus (Candi Muara Takus) is a Buddhist temple complex, thought to belong to the Srivijaya empire.

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Muaro Jambi Temple Compounds

Muaro Jambi (Candi Muaro Jambi) is a Buddhist temple complex, in Muaro Jambi Regency, Jambi province, Sumatra, Indonesia.

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Muda River

Muda River (Sungai Muda) is the longest river in Kedah, Malaysia.

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Mueang Pathum Thani District

Mueang Pathum Thani (เมืองปทุมธานี) is the capital district (amphoe mueang) of Pathum Thani Province, central Thailand.

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Muhammad

MuhammadFull name: Abū al-Qāsim Muḥammad ibn ʿAbd Allāh ibn ʿAbd al-Muṭṭalib ibn Hāšim (ابو القاسم محمد ابن عبد الله ابن عبد المطلب ابن هاشم, lit: Father of Qasim Muhammad son of Abd Allah son of Abdul-Muttalib son of Hashim) (مُحمّد;;Classical Arabic pronunciation Latinized as Mahometus c. 570 CE – 8 June 632 CE)Elizabeth Goldman (1995), p. 63, gives 8 June 632 CE, the dominant Islamic tradition.

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Muhammad V of Kelantan

Sultan Muhammad V (born 6 October 1969) is the 15th and the current Yang di-Pertuan Agong (head of state) of Malaysia and the Sultan of Kelantan.

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Muhammad's first revelation

Muhammad's first revelation was an event described in Islam as taking place in 610 AD, during which the Islamic prophet, Muhammad was visited by the Angel Jibril Gabriel, who revealed to him the beginnings of what would later become the Quran.

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Munshi

Munshi (مُنشی; Hindi: मुंशी; Bengali: মুন্সী) is a Persian word, originally used for a contractor, writer, or secretary, and later used in the Mughal Empire and British India for native language teachers, teachers of various subjects especially administrative principles, religious texts, science, and philosophy and were also secretaries and translators employed by Europeans.

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Muslim world

The terms Muslim world and Islamic world commonly refer to the unified Islamic community (Ummah), consisting of all those who adhere to the religion of Islam, or to societies where Islam is practiced.

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Mysticism

Mysticism is the practice of religious ecstasies (religious experiences during alternate states of consciousness), together with whatever ideologies, ethics, rites, myths, legends, and magic may be related to them.

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Najib Razak

Dato' Sri Haji Mohammad Najib bin Tun Haji Abdul Razak (Jawi: حاج محمد نجيب بن تون حاج عبدالرازق; born 23 July 1953) is a Malaysian politician who served as the 6th Prime Minister of Malaysia from 2009 to 2018.

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Nakhon Si Thammarat Kingdom

Nakhon Si Thammarat Kingdom (Kingdom of Ligor) was one of the major constituent city states (mueang) of the Siamese kingdoms of Sukhothai and later Ayutthaya and controlled a sizeable part of the Malay peninsula.

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Nakhon Si Thammarat Province

Nakhon Si Thammarat (นครศรีธรรมราช,; often shortened to Nakhon), is one of the southern provinces (changwat) of Thailand, on the western shore of the Gulf of Thailand.

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Narathiwat Province

Narathiwat (นราธิวาส) is one of the southern provinces (changwat) of Thailand.

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Nasi dagang

Nasi dagang (Jawi: ناسي داڬڠ, "Trader's Rice") is a Malaysian dish consisting of rice steamed in coconut milk, fish curry and extra ingredients such as pickled cucumber and carrots.

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Nasi goreng

Nasi goreng, literally meaning "fried rice" in Indonesian, can refer simply to fried pre-cooked rice, a meal including stir fried rice in a small amount of cooking oil or margarine, typically spiced with kecap manis (sweet soy sauce), shallot, garlic, ground shrimp paste, tamarind and chilli and accompanied by other ingredients, particularly egg, chicken and prawns.

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Nasi kerabu

Nasi kerabu is a Malay rice dish, a type of nasi ulam, in which blue-coloured rice is eaten with dried fish or fried chicken, crackers, pickles and other salads.

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Nasi lemak

Nasi lemak is a Malay fragrant rice dish cooked in coconut milk and pandan leaf.

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National dish

A national dish is a culinary dish that is strongly associated with a particular country.

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National University of Malaysia

The National University of Malaysia (abbreviation: UKM; Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia; abbreviated UKM) is a public university located in Bangi, Selangor which is at south of Kuala Lumpur.

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Nature

Nature, in the broadest sense, is the natural, physical, or material world or universe.

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Nature worship

Nature worship is any of a variety of religious, spiritual and devotional practices that focus on the worship of the nature spirits considered to be behind the natural phenomena visible throughout nature.

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Negeri Sembilan

Negeri Sembilan is a state in Malaysia which lies on the western coast of Peninsular Malaysia.

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Negrito

The Negrito are several different ethnic groups who inhabit isolated parts of South and Southeast Asia.

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Netherlands

The Netherlands (Nederland), often referred to as Holland, is a country located mostly in Western Europe with a population of seventeen million.

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New Guinea

New Guinea (Nugini or, more commonly known, Papua, historically, Irian) is a large island off the continent of Australia.

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New York City

The City of New York, often called New York City (NYC) or simply New York, is the most populous city in the United States.

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New Zealand

New Zealand (Aotearoa) is a sovereign island country in the southwestern Pacific Ocean.

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Niello

Niello is a black mixture, usually of sulphur, copper, silver, and lead, used as an inlay on engraved or etched metal, especially silver.

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Nomad

A nomad (νομάς, nomas, plural tribe) is a member of a community of people who live in different locations, moving from one place to another in search of grasslands for their animals.

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Nong Chik District

Nong Chik (หนองจิก) is a district (amphoe) in Pattani Province, southern Thailand.

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Nong Chok District

Nong Chok (หนองจอก) is one of the 50 districts (khet) of Bangkok, Thailand.

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North Borneo Chartered Company

The North Borneo Chartered Company (NBCC), also known as the British North Borneo Company (BNBC) was a British chartered company formed on 1 November 1881 to administer and exploit the resources of North Borneo (present-day Sabah in Malaysia).

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North Sumatra

North Sumatra (Sumatera Utara) is a province of Indonesia.

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Oboe

Oboes are a family of double reed woodwind instruments.

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Oceanography

Oceanography (compound of the Greek words ὠκεανός meaning "ocean" and γράφω meaning "write"), also known as oceanology, is the study of the physical and biological aspects of the ocean.

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Old Pahang Kingdom

Old Pahang Kingdom (Malay: Kerajaan Pahang Tua) was a historical polity centred in the Pahang region in the east coast of Malay Peninsula.

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Old World

The term "Old World" is used in the West to refer to Africa, Asia and Europe (Afro-Eurasia or the World Island), regarded collectively as the part of the world known to its population before contact with the Americas and Oceania (the "New World").

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Oral literature

Oral literature or folk literature corresponds in the sphere of the spoken (oral) word to literature as literature operates in the domain of the written word.

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Orang Asli

Orang Asli (lit. "original people", "natural people" or "aboriginal people" in Malay) are the indigenous people and the oldest inhabitants of Peninsular Malaysia.

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Orang Kanaq

Orang Kanaq are one of the 18 Orang Asli ethnic groups in Malaysia.

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Orang Kuala

The Duano' (sometimes Desin Dolak or Desin Duano') are one of the indigenous peoples of Malaysia (where they are also referred to as Orang Kuala, meaning "people of the estuary") and can be found in islands along the northeastern region of Sumatra, Indonesia in which most Duano' people lived.

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Orang laut

The Orang Laut are an ethnic group living around Singapore, peninsular Malaysia and the Riau Islands.

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Ore

An ore is an occurrence of rock or sediment that contains sufficient minerals with economically important elements, typically metals, that can be economically extracted from the deposit.

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Ornamental brassware

Ornamental brassware describes brassware that serves an ornamental purpose.

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Overseas Malays

Overseas Malays refer to individuals with ethnic Malay or Malay race ancestry living outside Malaysia, Indonesia, Singapore, Brunei, South Thailand and neighbouring Malay home areas.

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Padang Roco Inscription

The Padang Roco Inscription, in Indonesian Prasasti Padang Roco, is an inscription dated 1286 CE, discovered near the source of Batanghari river, Padangroco temple complex, Nagari Siguntur, Sitiung, Dharmasraya Regency, West Sumatra, Indonesia.

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Pahang

Pahang (Jawi: ڤهڠ), officially Pahang Darul Makmur with the Arabic honorific Darul Makmur (Jawi: دار المعمور, "The Abode of Tranquility") is a sultanate and a federal state of Malaysia.

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Pahang Kingdom

The Pahang Kingdom (Malay: Kerajaan Pahang, Jawi: كراجاءن ڤهڠ) was a Malay state that existed from 1770 to 1881, and is the immediate predecessor of the modern Malaysian state of Pahang.

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Pahang Malay

Pahang Malay (Standard Malay: Bahasa Melayu Pahang; Jawi: بهاس ملايو ڤهڠ) is a dialect of Malay language spoken in the Malaysian state of Pahang.

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Pahang Malay people

Pahang Malays (Malaysian: Melayu Pahang, Pahang Malay: Oghang Pahang, Jawi: أورڠ ڤهڠ) are a sub-group of Malay people native to the state of Pahang, in the east coast of Peninsular Malaysia.

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Pahang Sultanate

The Pahang Sultanate (Malay: Kesultanan Pahang, Jawi: كسلطانن ڤهڠ) also referred as the Old Pahang Sultanate, as opposed to the Modern Pahang Sultanate, was a Malay Muslim state established in the eastern Malay peninsular in 15th century.

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Palembang

Palembang (Indonesian pronunciation: palɛmˈbaŋ) is the capital city of South Sumatra province of Indonesia.

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Palembang Malay

Musi, also known as Palembang Malay, Basa Pelembang Sari-sari and Sekayu, is a Malayan language spoken by about 3 million residents of Palembang metropolitan area (the capital of South Sumatra, Indonesia) and the surrounding area.

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Palembang Sultanate

The Sultanate of Palembang Darussalam is a princely state of Indonesia whose capital was the city of Palembang in the southern part of the Indonesian island of Sumatra.

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Pali

Pali, or Magadhan, is a Middle Indo-Aryan language native to the Indian subcontinent.

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Pallava script

The Pallava script, a Brahmic script, was developed under the Pallava dynasty of Southern India around the 6th century AD.

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Pamalayu

The Pamalayu campaign was a military expeditionary force sent by Javanese King Kertanegara of Singhasari to conquer the Sumatran Melayu Kingdom.

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Pan Pan (kingdom)

Pan Pan or Panpan is a lost small Hindu Kingdom believed to have existed around the 3rd to 7th Century CE.

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Pan-Islamism

Pan-Islamism (الوحدة الإسلامية) is a political movement advocating the unity of Muslims under one Islamic state – often a Caliphate – or an international organization with Islamic principles.

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Pandyan dynasty

The Pandyan dynasty was an ancient Tamil dynasty, one of the three Tamil dynasties, the other two being the Chola and the Chera.

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Pangasius

Pangasius is a genus of medium-large to very large shark catfishes native to fresh water in South and Southeast Asia.

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Pantun

The pantun (Jawi: ڤنتون) is a Malay poetic form.

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Parameswara (king)

Parameswara (1344 – c. 1414), thought to be the same person named in the Malay Annals as Iskandar Shah, was the last king of Singapura and the founder of Malacca.

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Pasaman Regency

Pasaman is a regency (kabupaten) of West Sumatra, Indonesia.

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Patani

Patani (in Malay (derived from Jawi: ڤتاني), also sometimes Patani Raya, or "Greater Patani") is a historical region in the northern part of the Malay peninsula.

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Patronymic

A patronymic, or patronym, is a component of a personal name based on the given name of one's father, grandfather (i.e., an avonymic), or an even earlier male ancestor.

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Pattani Kingdom

Pattani (Patani) or the Sultanate of Patani was a Malay sultanate in the historical Patani Region.

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Pattani Province

Pattani (ปัตตานี) is one of the southern provinces (changwat) of Thailand.

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Pempek

Pempek, mpek-mpek or empek-empek is a savoury fishcake delicacy from Palembang,South Sumatera, Indonesia, made of fish and tapioca.

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Penang

Penang is a Malaysian state located on the northwest coast of Peninsular Malaysia, by the Malacca Strait.

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Pencak Silat

Pencak silat (in Western writings sometimes spelled "pentjak silat" or phonetically as "penchak silat") is an umbrella term for a class of related Indonesian martial arts.

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Peninsular Malaysia

Peninsular Malaysia also known as Malaya or West Malaysia, is the part of Malaysia which lies on the Malay Peninsula and surrounding islands.

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Perak

No description.

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Perak Malay

Perak Malay (Standard Malay: Bahasa Melayu Perak; Jawi script: بهاس ملايو ﭬﻴـراق) is one of the Malay dialects spoken within the state of Perak, Malaysia.

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Perak Sultanate

The Sultan of Perak is one of the oldest hereditary seats among the Malay states.

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Perakian Malay people

Perakian Malay people refers to a group of Malay people originating from the Malaysian state of Perak.

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Periodical literature

Periodical literature (also called a periodical publication or simply a periodical) is a published work that appears in a new edition on a regular schedule.

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Perlis

Perlis, also known by its honorific title Perlis Indera Kayangan (Jawi),The state's constitution simply uses the name "Perlis" and does not include the honorific suffix, "Indera Kayangan".

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Petronas Towers

The Petronas Towers, also known as the Petronas Twin Towers (Malay: Menara Petronas, or Menara Berkembar Petronas), are twin skyscrapers in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.

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Phang Nga Province

Phang Nga (พังงา) is one of the southern provinces (changwat) of Thailand, on the shore of the Andaman Sea to the west and Phang Nga Bay to the south.

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Phatthalung Province

Phatthalung (พัทลุง) is one of the southern provinces (changwat) of Thailand.

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Philippines

The Philippines (Pilipinas or Filipinas), officially the Republic of the Philippines (Republika ng Pilipinas), is a unitary sovereign and archipelagic country in Southeast Asia.

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Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya Province

Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya (or Ayutthaya, พระนครศรีอยุธยา) is one of the central provinces (changwat) of Thailand.

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Phuket Province

Phuket (ภูเก็ต,, Talang or Tanjung Salang) is one of the southern provinces (''changwat'') of Thailand.

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Pontianak incidents

The Pontianak incident consisted of two massacres which took place in Kalimantan during the Japanese occupation of the Dutch East Indies.

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Pontianak Malay

Pontianak language dd (Bahase Melayu Pontianak, Indonesian: Bahasa Melayu Pontianak, Jawi script: بهاس ملايو ڤونتيناك) is a variety of the Malay language spoken in Pontianak, Indonesia and the surrounding area.

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Pontianak Sultanate

The Pontianak Sultanate (Malay: Kesultanan Pontianak) was an Islamic Malay state that existed on the western coast of the island of Borneo from the late 18th century until its disestablishment in 1950.

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Porch

A porch (from Old French porche, from Latin porticus "colonnade", from porta "passage") is a term used in architecture to describe a room or gallery located in front of the entrance of a building forming a low front, and placed in front of the facade of the building it commands.

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Portugal

Portugal, officially the Portuguese Republic (República Portuguesa),In recognized minority languages of Portugal: Portugal is the oldest state in the Iberian Peninsula and one of the oldest in Europe, its territory having been continuously settled, invaded and fought over since prehistoric times.

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Portuguese Empire

The Portuguese Empire (Império Português), also known as the Portuguese Overseas (Ultramar Português) or the Portuguese Colonial Empire (Império Colonial Português), was one of the largest and longest-lived empires in world history and the first colonial empire of the Renaissance.

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Portuguese Malacca

Portuguese Malacca was the territory of Malacca that, for 130 years (1511–1641), was a Portuguese colony.

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Portuguese people

Portuguese people are an ethnic group indigenous to Portugal that share a common Portuguese culture and speak Portuguese.

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Pottery

Pottery is the ceramic material which makes up pottery wares, of which major types include earthenware, stoneware and porcelain.

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Prefix

A prefix is an affix which is placed before the stem of a word.

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Pretender

A pretender is one who is able to maintain a claim that they are entitled to a position of honour or rank, which may be occupied by an incumbent (usually more recognised), or whose powers may currently be exercised by another person or authority.

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Prime Minister of Malaysia

The Prime Minister of Malaysia (Perdana Menteri Malaysia) is the head of government and the highest political office in Malaysia.

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Protectorate

A protectorate, in its inception adopted by modern international law, is a dependent territory that has been granted local autonomy and some independence while still retaining the suzerainty of a greater sovereign state.

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Proto-Malay

The term Proto-Malay, which translates to Melayu Asli (aboriginal Malay) or Melayu Purba (ancient Malay) or Melayu Tua (old Malay), refers to Austric people, possibly from mainland Asia, who moved to the Malay peninsula and Malay archipelago in a long series of migrations between 2500 and 1500 BC, and in one model the first of two migrations of early Malay speakers, before that of the Deutero-Malays.

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Proto-Malayo-Polynesian

The Proto-Malayo-Polynesian language (PMP) is the reconstructed ancestor of the Malayo-Polynesian languages, which is by far the largest branch (by current speakers) of the Austronesian language family.

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Ptolemy

Claudius Ptolemy (Κλαύδιος Πτολεμαῖος, Klaúdios Ptolemaîos; Claudius Ptolemaeus) was a Greco-Roman mathematician, astronomer, geographer, astrologer, and poet of a single epigram in the Greek Anthology.

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Putrajaya

Putrajaya, officially the Federal Territory of Putrajaya (Wilayah Persekutuan Putrajaya), is a planned city and the federal administrative centre of Malaysia.

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Quran

The Quran (القرآن, literally meaning "the recitation"; also romanized Qur'an or Koran) is the central religious text of Islam, which Muslims believe to be a revelation from God (Allah).

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Ra-ngae District

Ra-ngae (ระแงะ) is a district (amphoe) in Narathiwat Province, southern Thailand.

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Raja

Raja (also spelled rajah, from Sanskrit राजन्), is a title for a monarch or princely ruler in South and Southeast Asia.

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Rajah Salalila

In Philippine folk tradition, Rajah Salalila (Baybayin:, Sanskrit: शरीर, syarirah) was the Rajah or paramount ruler of the early Philippine settlement of Maynila, and the father of the individual named Ache, who would eventually be well known as Rajah Matanda.

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Rajahnate of Cebu

The Rajahnate of Cebu (Cebuano: Gingharian sa Sugbu; Filipino: Kaharian ng Cebu; Malay: Kerajaan Cebu), or simply Sugbu, was an Indianized monarchical polity on the island of Cebu in the Philippines prior to the arrival of the Spanish conquistadors.

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Rajahnate of Maynila

In early Philippine history, the Tagalog Bayan ("country" or "polity") of Maynila (Bayan ng Maynila; Baybayin:; Balen ning Maynila) was a major trade hub located on the southern part of the Pasig River delta,Abinales, Patricio N. and Donna J. Amoroso, State and Society in the Philippines.

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Rajendra Chola I

Rajendra Chola I or Rajendra I was a Chola emperor of India who succeeded his father Rajaraja Chola I to the throne in 1014 CE.

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Ram Khamhaeng

King Ram Khamhaeng (พ่อขุนรามคำแหง;; c. 1237/1247 – 1298) was the third king of the Phra Ruang dynasty, ruling the Sukhothai Kingdom (a forerunner of the modern kingdom of Thailand) from 1279–1298, during its most prosperous era.

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Ramadan

Ramadan (رمضان,;In Arabic phonology, it can be, depending on the region. also known as Ramazan, romanized as Ramzan, Ramadhan, or Ramathan) is the ninth month of the Islamic calendar, and is observed by Muslims worldwide as a month of fasting (Sawm) to commemorate the first revelation of the Quran to Muhammad according to Islamic belief.

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Ramayana

Ramayana (रामायणम्) is an ancient Indian epic poem which narrates the struggle of the divine prince Rama to rescue his wife Sita from the demon king Ravana.

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Ranong Province

Ranong (ระนอง, or) is one of Thailand's southern provinces (changwat), on the west coast along the Andaman Sea.

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Regalia

Regalia is Latin plurale tantum for the privileges and the insignia characteristic of a sovereign.

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Regnal name

A regnal name, or reign name, is a name used by some monarchs and popes during their reigns, and used subsequently to refer to them.

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Religion

Religion may be defined as a cultural system of designated behaviors and practices, world views, texts, sanctified places, prophecies, ethics, or organizations, that relates humanity to supernatural, transcendental, or spiritual elements.

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Rencong script

Rencong, or "Rentjong," is a general term used to refer to any native writing systems found in central and south Sumatra, including Kerinci, Bengkulu, Palembang and Lampung.

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Rendang

Rendang is a spicy meat dish which originated from Indonesia, especially the ethnic group of Minangkabau people, and is now commonly served across the country.

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Repoussé and chasing

Repoussé or repoussage (respectively) is a metalworking technique in which a malleable metal is ornamented or shaped by hammering from the reverse side to create a design in low relief.

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Resident (title)

A Resident, or in full Resident Minister, is a government official required to take up permanent residence in another country.

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Riau

Riau (Jawi), is a province of Indonesia.

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Riau Islands

Riau Islands (Indonesian; Kepulauan Riau, acronym; Kepri), is a province of Indonesia.

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Riau-Lingga Sultanate

Riau-Lingga Sultanate (Malay/Indonesian: Kesultanan Riau-Lingga, Jawi: كسلطانن رياو-ليڠڬ), also known as the Lingga-Riau Sultanate, Riau Sultanate or Lingga Sultanate was a Malay sultanate that existed from 1824 to 1911, before being dissolved following Dutch intervention.

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Rice

Rice is the seed of the grass species Oryza sativa (Asian rice) or Oryza glaberrima (African rice).

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Richard Olaf Winstedt

Sir Richard Olaf Winstedt (2 August 1878 – 2 June 1966), or more commonly R. O. Winstedt, was an English Orientalist and colonial administrator with expertise in British Malaya.

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Rite of passage

A rite of passage is a ceremony of the passage which occurs when an individual leaves one group to enter another.

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Rodat (dance)

Rodat is a Malay folk dance believed to have originated from the Middle east and brought to Terengganu by the Achehnese traders in the beginning of 19th century.

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Rojak

Rojak (Malay spelling) or Rujak (Indonesian spelling) is a traditional fruit and vegetable salad dish commonly found in Indonesia, Malaysia and Singapore.

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Romance (love)

Romance is the expressive and generally pleasurable feeling from an emotional attraction towards another person.

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Romanization (cultural)

Romanization or Latinization (or Romanisation or Latinisation), in the historical and cultural meanings of both terms, indicate different historical processes, such as acculturation, integration and assimilation of newly incorporated and peripheral populations by the Roman Republic and the later Roman Empire.

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Root (linguistics)

A root (or root word) is a word that does not have a prefix in front of the word or a suffix at the end of the word.

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Rumah Gadang

Rumah gadang (Minangkabau: "big house") or rumah bagonjong (Minangkabau: "spired roof house") are the traditional homes ("rumah adat") of the Minangkabau.

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Rumoh Aceh

Rumoh Aceh (Acehnese: "Aceh house") is a type of traditional vernacular house found in the Aceh Province in Indonesia.

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Sabah

Sabah is a state of Malaysia located on the northern portion of Borneo Island.

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Sabre

The sabre (British English) or saber (American English) is a type of backsword with a curved blade associated with the light cavalry of the early modern and Napoleonic periods.

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Sadao District

Sadao (สะเดา) is district (amphoe) on the border of Malaysia in the Songkhla Province, southern Thailand.

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Safar

Safar (صفر) is a word that means “empty.” This corresponds to a time where people’s houses were empty.

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Sai Buri District

Sai Buri (สายบุรี) is a district (amphoe) in Pattani Province, southern Thailand.

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Sambas Regency

Sambas Regency is a regency in West Kalimantan Province of Indonesia.

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Sang Nila Utama

Sang Nila Utama is a Srivijaya prince from Palembang said to have founded the Kingdom of Singapura in 1299.

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Sanskrit

Sanskrit is the primary liturgical language of Hinduism; a philosophical language of Hinduism, Sikhism, Buddhism and Jainism; and a former literary language and lingua franca for the educated of ancient and medieval India.

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Sarawak

Sarawak is a state of Malaysia.

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Sarawak Malay

Sarawak Malay (Standard Malay: Bahasa Melayu Sarawak or Bahasa Sarawak, Jawi: بهاس ملايو سراوق, Sarawak Malay: Kelakar Sarawak) is a Malayan language native to the State of Sarawak, Malaysia.

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Sarong

A sarong or sarung (Malay:, formal Indonesian:, colloquial Indonesian:, Tamil: சரம், Arabic: صارون, Sinhalese: සරම; meaning "sheath" in Indonesian and Malay) is a large tube or length of fabric, often wrapped around the waist, worn in South Asia, Southeast Asia, the Arabian Peninsula, East Africa, and on many Pacific islands.

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Satay

Satay, or sate in Indonesian spelling, is a dish of seasoned, skewered and grilled meat, served with a sauce.

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Satellite state

The term satellite state designates a country that is formally independent in the world, but under heavy political, economic and military influence or control from another country.

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Satun Province

Satun (สตูล,; Setul) is one of the southern provinces (changwat) of Thailand.

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Saudi Arabia

Saudi Arabia, officially the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA), is a sovereign Arab state in Western Asia constituting the bulk of the Arabian Peninsula.

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Secession

Secession (derived from the Latin term secessio) is the withdrawal of a group from a larger entity, especially a political entity, but also from any organization, union or military alliance.

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Secular state

A secular state is an idea pertaining to secularism, whereby a state is or purports to be officially neutral in matters of religion, supporting neither religion nor irreligion.

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Selangor Sultanate

Sultan of Selangor is the title of the constitutional ruler of Selangor, Malaysia.

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Semang

The Semang are the Negrito and Austric ethnic groups of the Malay Peninsula.

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Sepak takraw

Sepak takraw (sepak raga; ตะกร้อ,,; ပိုက်ကျော်ခြင်း; sipà, sipà tákraw, sepák tákraw,; Sepak Takraw/Takrau, Bola Takraw/takrau; សីដក់, Sei Dak; ກະຕໍ້, ka-taw; cầu mây, "calameae ball" or "rattan ball"), or kick volleyball, is a sport native to Southeast Asia.

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Sha'ban

Sha'ban (sha‘bān) is the eighth month of the Islamic calendar.

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Shadow play

Shadow play, also known as shadow puppetry, is an ancient form of storytelling and entertainment which uses flat articulated cut-out figures (shadow puppets) which are held between a source of light and a translucent screen or scrim.

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Shamanism

Shamanism is a practice that involves a practitioner reaching altered states of consciousness in order to perceive and interact with what they believe to be a spirit world and channel these transcendental energies into this world.

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Shia Islam

Shia (شيعة Shīʿah, from Shīʻatu ʻAlī, "followers of Ali") is a branch of Islam which holds that the Islamic prophet Muhammad designated Ali ibn Abi Talib as his successor (Imam), most notably at the event of Ghadir Khumm.

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Shield

A shield is a piece of personal armour held in the hand or mounted on the wrist or forearm.

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Shirk (Islam)

In Islam, shirk (شرك širk) is the sin of practicing idolatry or polytheism, i.e. the deification or worship of anyone or anything besides the singular God, i.e. Allah.

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Shrimp paste

Shrimp paste or shrimp sauce is a fermented condiment commonly used in Southeast Asian, Northeastern South Asian and Southern Chinese cuisines.

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Silat Melayu

Silat Melayu (Jawi), literally meaning "Malay silat", is a blanket term for silat styles of the Malay people.

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Silver

Silver is a chemical element with symbol Ag (from the Latin argentum, derived from the Proto-Indo-European ''h₂erǵ'': "shiny" or "white") and atomic number 47.

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Singapore

Singapore, officially the Republic of Singapore, is a sovereign city-state and island country in Southeast Asia.

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Single-nucleotide polymorphism

A single-nucleotide polymorphism, often abbreviated to SNP (plural), is a variation in a single nucleotide that occurs at a specific position in the genome, where each variation is present to some appreciable degree within a population (e.g. > 1%).

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Slag

Slag is the glass-like by-product left over after a desired metal has been separated (i.e., smelted) from its raw ore.

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Smelting

Smelting is a process of applying heat to ore in order to melt out a base metal.

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Song dynasty

The Song dynasty (960–1279) was an era of Chinese history that began in 960 and continued until 1279.

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Songket

Songket is a fabric that belongs to the brocade family of textiles of the Malay world (today Indonesia, Malaysia, Brunei, Singapore and Southern Thailand).

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Songkhla Province

Songkhla (สงขลา,; Singgora) is one of the southern provinces (changwat) of Thailand.

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Songkok

The songkok or peci or kopiah is a cap widely worn in Indonesia, Brunei, Malaysia, Singapore, the southern Philippines and southern Thailand, most commonly among Muslim males.

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South China

South China or Southern China is a geographical and cultural region that covers the southernmost part of China.

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South China Sea

The South China Sea is a marginal sea that is part of the Pacific Ocean, encompassing an area from the Karimata and Malacca Straits to the Strait of Taiwan of around.

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South Sumatra

South Sumatra (Sumatera Selatan) is a province of Indonesia.

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South Thailand insurgency

The South Thailand insurgency (ความไม่สงบในชายแดนภาคใต้ของประเทศไทย; Pemberontakan di Selatan Thailand) is an ongoing conflict centered in southern Thailand.

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Southeast Asia

Southeast Asia or Southeastern Asia is a subregion of Asia, consisting of the countries that are geographically south of China, east of India, west of New Guinea and north of Australia.

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Southeast Asian Games

The Southeast Asian Games (also known as the SEA Games), is a biennial multi-sport event involving participants from the current 11 countries of Southeast Asia.

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Southern Thailand

Southern Thailand is a distinct region of Thailand, connected with the central region by the narrow Kra Isthmus.

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Sovereignty

Sovereignty is the full right and power of a governing body over itself, without any interference from outside sources or bodies.

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Spanish East Indies

The Spanish East Indies (Spanish: Indias orientales españolas; Filipino: Silangang Indiyas ng Espanya) were the Spanish territories in Asia-Pacific from 1565 until 1899.

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Spanish Empire

The Spanish Empire (Imperio Español; Imperium Hispanicum), historically known as the Hispanic Monarchy (Monarquía Hispánica) and as the Catholic Monarchy (Monarquía Católica) was one of the largest empires in history.

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Spear

A spear is a pole weapon consisting of a shaft, usually of wood, with a pointed head.

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Spirit

A spirit is a supernatural being, often but not exclusively a non-physical entity; such as a ghost, fairy, or angel.

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Sport in Malaysia

Sports in Malaysia are an important part of Malaysian culture.

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Sri Lanka

Sri Lanka (Sinhala: ශ්‍රී ලංකා; Tamil: இலங்கை Ilaṅkai), officially the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka, is an island country in South Asia, located in the Indian Ocean to the southwest of the Bay of Bengal and to the southeast of the Arabian Sea.

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Sri Lankan Malays

Sri Lankan Malays (also known in Sinhalese language as Ja Minissu meaning Javanese - a catch-all term historically used for all natives of the Malay Archipelago - are a group consisting of about 40,000 people who make up 0.20% of the Sri Lankan population. Their ancestors initially came to the country when both Sri Lanka and Indonesia were colonies of the Dutch, while a second wave (1796–1948) came from the Malay Peninsula, when both Malaya and Sri Lanka were in the British Empire. Significant Malay presence in Sri Lanka dated as early as 13th century, when Chandrabhanu Sridhamaraja, a Malay of Tambralinga managed to occupy northern part of the island in 1247, nonetheless the followers of Chandrabhanu would mostly assimilate to the local population. Many of the ancestors of present-day Sri Lankan Malays coming from soldiers posted by the Dutch which later continued by the British for colonial administration to Sri Lanka, who decided to settle on the island. Other immigrants were convicts or members of noble houses from Dutch East Indies (present day Indonesia) who were exiled to Sri Lanka and who never left. The main source of a continuing Malay identity is their common Malay language, the Islamic faith and their ancestral origin from the Malay Archipelago. Many Sri Lankan Malays have been celebrated as courageous soldiers, politicians, sportsmen, lawyers, accountants and doctors.

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Srivijaya

Srivijaya (also written Sri Vijaya, Indonesian/Malay: Sriwijaya, Javanese: ꦯꦿꦶꦮꦶꦗꦪ, Sundanese:, ศรีวิชัย, Sanskrit: श्रीविजय, Śrīvijaya, Khmer: ស្រីវិជ័យ "Srey Vichey", known by the Chinese as Shih-li-fo-shih and San-fo-ch'i t) was a dominant thalassocratic Malay city-state based on the island of Sumatra, Indonesia, which influenced much of Southeast Asia.

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Staple food

A staple food, or simply a staple, is a food that is eaten routinely and in such quantities that it constitutes a dominant portion of a standard diet for a given people, supplying a large fraction of energy needs and generally forming a significant proportion of the intake of other nutrients as well.

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Stephen Oppenheimer

Stephen Oppenheimer (born 1947) is a British paediatrician, geneticist, and writer.

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Strait of Malacca

The Strait of Malacca (Selat Melaka, Selat Malaka; Jawi: سلت ملاک) or Straits of Malacca is a narrow, stretch of water between the Malay Peninsula (Peninsular Malaysia) and the Indonesian island of Sumatra.

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Straits Settlements

The Straits Settlements (Negeri-negeri Selat, نݢري٢ سلت) were a group of British territories located in Southeast Asia.

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Stupa

A stupa (Sanskrit: "heap") is a mound-like or hemispherical structure containing relics (śarīra - typically the remains of Buddhist monks or nuns) that is used as a place of meditation.

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Su-ngai Kolok District

Su-ngai Kolok (สุไหงโก-ลก) is a district (amphoe) of Narathiwat Province, southern Thailand.

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Su-ngai Padi District

Su-ngai Padi (สุไหงปาดี) is a district (amphoe) in Narathiwat Province, Thailand.

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Sufism

Sufism, or Taṣawwuf (personal noun: ṣūfiyy / ṣūfī, mutaṣawwuf), variously defined as "Islamic mysticism",Martin Lings, What is Sufism? (Lahore: Suhail Academy, 2005; first imp. 1983, second imp. 1999), p.15 "the inward dimension of Islam" or "the phenomenon of mysticism within Islam",Massington, L., Radtke, B., Chittick, W. C., Jong, F. de, Lewisohn, L., Zarcone, Th., Ernst, C, Aubin, Françoise and J.O. Hunwick, “Taṣawwuf”, in: Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition, edited by: P. Bearman, Th.

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Sukadana

Sukadana is the capital city of North Kayong Regency (Kabupaten Kayong Utara), on the island of Borneo.

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Sukhothai Kingdom

The Kingdom of Sukhothai (สุโขทัย, Soo-Ker Ty) was an early kingdom in the area around the city Sukhothai, in north central Thailand.

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Sulawesi

Sulawesi, formerly known as Celebes, is an island in Indonesia.

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Sultan

Sultan (سلطان) is a position with several historical meanings.

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Sultan Idris Education University

Sultan Idris Education University (University Pendidikan Sultan Idris; commonly abbreviated as UPSI; Jawi: اونيۏرسيتي ڤنديديقن سلطان إدريس is a public university in the town of Tanjung Malim, Perak in Malaysia. First established in 1922 as a teachers college, it is one of the oldest functioning institutions of higher learning in Malaysia.

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Sultanate of Deli

Sultanate of Deli (Indonesian: Kesultanan Deli Darul Maimoon; Jawi) is a 1,820 km² Malay state in east Sumatra founded in 1630.

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Sultanate of Langkat

The Sultanate of Langkat was a Muslim state located in modern Langkat Regency, North Sumatra.

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Sultanate of Sambas

The Sultanate of Sambas (Malay/Indonesian: Kesultanan Sambas) was a traditional Malay state on the Western coast of the island of Borneo, in modern-day Indonesia.

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Sultanate of Sarawak

The Sultanate of Sarawak (Kesultanan Melayu Sarawak; Jawi:كسولتانن ملايو سراوق) was a traditional Malay kingdom, precursor of the present-day Kuching Division, Sarawak.

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Sultanate of Serdang

The state of Serdang was an ancient Malay-Indonesian monarchy, neighbouring the Sultanate of Deli, to which it lost some territory.

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Sultanate of Siak Sri Indrapura

The Sultanate of Siak Sri Indrapura, often called Sultanate of Siak (Indonesian: Kesultanan Siak Sri Inderapura; Jawi), was a kingdom that was located in the Siak Regency, Riau from 1723 to 1946 CE.

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Sultanate of Singora

The Sultanate of Singora was a heavily fortified port city in southern Thailand and the precursor of the present-day town of Songkhla.

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Sultanate of Sulu

The Sultanate of Sulu (Tausūg: Kasultanan sin Sūg, Jawi: کسلطانن سولو دار الإسلام, Kesultanan Sulu, سلطنة سولك) was a Muslim state that ruled the islands in the Sulu Archipelago, parts of Mindanao, certain portions of Palawan and north-eastern Borneo (present-day the certain parts of Sabah and North Kalimantan).

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Sumatra

Sumatra is an Indonesian island in Southeast Asia that is part of the Sunda Islands.

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Sundaland

Sundaland (also called the Sundaic region) is a biogeographical region of Southeastern Asia corresponding to a larger landmass that was exposed throughout the last 2.6 million years during periods when sea levels were lower.

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Sunni Islam

Sunni Islam is the largest denomination of Islam.

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Suvarnabhumi

(सुवर्णभूमि; Pali) is the name of a land mentioned in many ancient Buddhist sources such as the Mahavamsa, some stories of the Jataka tales, and Milinda Panha.

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Syair

Syair (Jawi: شعير) is a form of traditional Malay poetry that made up of four-line stanzas or quatrains.

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Taiwan

Taiwan, officially the Republic of China (ROC), is a state in East Asia.

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Taiwanese indigenous peoples

Taiwanese indigenous peoples or formerly Taiwanese aborigines, Formosan people, Austronesian Taiwanese or Gaoshan people are the indigenous peoples of Taiwan, who number nearly 530,000 or 2.3% of the island's population, or more than 800,000 people, considering the potential recognition of Taiwanese Plain Indigenous Peoples officially in the future.

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Tak Bai District

Tak Bai (ตากใบ) is a district (amphoe) in the southeastern part of Narathiwat Province, southern Thailand.

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Takua Pa District

Takua Pa (ตะกั่วป่า) is a district (amphoe) in Phang Nga Province in south Thailand.

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Tambralinga

Tambralinga was an ancient kingdom located on the Malay Peninsula that at one time came under the influence of Srivijaya.

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Tamil Nadu

Tamil Nadu (• tamiḻ nāḍu ? literally 'The Land of Tamils' or 'Tamil Country') is one of the 29 states of India.

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Tang dynasty

The Tang dynasty or the Tang Empire was an imperial dynasty of China preceded by the Sui dynasty and followed by the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period.

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Tanintharyi Region

Tanintharyi Region (တနင်္သာရီတိုင်းဒေသကြီး,; Mon: or; Tanah Sari; formerly Tenasserim Division and subsequently Tanintharyi Division) is an administrative region of Myanmar, covering the long narrow southern part of the country on the Kra Isthmus.

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Tanjungpura Kingdom

Tanjungpura Kingdom is a name of an ancient kingdom located in the Ketapang Regency of West Kalimantan province of Indonesia.

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Tarutao National Park

Tarutao National Park (อุทยานแห่งชาติตะรุเตา.) consists of 51 islands in the Strait of Malacca, off the coast of Satun Province of southern Thailand.

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Telugu people

The Telugu people or Telugu Praajalu are the people who speak Telugu as a first language.

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Temasek

Temasek (also spelt Temasik) is an early recorded name of a settlement on the site of modern Singapore.

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Temenggung

Temenggung (Jawi: تمڠݢوڠ; also Temenggong) is an old Malay title of nobility, usually given to the chief of public security.

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Tempoyak

Tempoyak (Jawi: تمڤويق), asam durian or pekasam is a Malay condiment made from fermented durian.

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Temuan people

The Temuan people (Temuan: Uwang/Eang Temuan, Malaysian: Orang Temuan) are a Proto-Malay ethnic group indigenous to western parts of Peninsular Malaysia.

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Terengganu

Terengganu (Jawi:ترڠڬانو, Terengganu Malay: Tranung, Ganu, Teganu, Ganung, Teganung), formerly spelled Trengganu or Tringganu, is a sultanate and constitutive state of federal Malaysia.

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Terengganu Inscription Stone

Terengganu Inscription Stone (Batu Bersurat Terengganu; Jawi: باتو برسورت ترڠݢانو) is a granite stele carrying Classical Malay inscription in Jawi script that was found in Terengganu, Malaysia.

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Terengganu Malay

Terengganu Malay (Bahasa Melayu Terengganu, Terengganu Malay: Base Tranung/Ganu) is a variety of Malay spoken in the Malaysian state of Terengganu all the way southward to coastal Pahang and Mersing, Johor and historically spoken in the Anambas and Natuna islands of Riau Islands, Indonesia but its speakers are fastly diminishing and replaced by the local Malay dialects on the islands.

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Terengganu Sultanate

Sultan of Terengganu is the title of the constitutional head of Terengganu state in Malaysia.

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Terengganuan Malay people

Terengganuan Malays (Malaysian: Melayu Terengganu, Terengganu Malay: Oghang Tranung) are a sub-ethnic group of Malays native to the state of Terengganu, on the east coast of Peninsular Malaysia. Besides Terengganu, they can also be found in the neighbouring states of Pahang (in the districts of Kuantan, Pekan and Rompin), Johor (especially in Mersing) and their descendants can also be found in the Anambas Islands (part of the Riau Islands province) in Indonesia., it is estimated that the population of Terengganuan Malays are around 1.1 million people, which forms 94% of Terengganu state's population, making them the dominant ethnic group in the state. Terengganuan Malays have a distinct cultural, historical and linguistic identity from the rest of the Malay ethnic group in the country, especially their spoken language, which is somewhat mutually unintelligible to West Coast Peninsular Malaysian Malay speakers. Terengganu Malays also have a strong state identity and they used to have their own independent sultanate which still exists today but became part of Malaya (later Malaysia). Terengganuans, along with the Kelantanese and Pahangites are considered as Orang Pantai Timur (People of the East Coast) and these three groups have close ties in terms of cultures, languages, history and kinship.

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Terracotta

Terracotta, terra cotta or terra-cotta (Italian: "baked earth", from the Latin terra cocta), a type of earthenware, is a clay-based unglazed or glazed ceramic, where the fired body is porous.

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Thai Malays

Thai Malays (Orang Melayu Thai, ไทยเชื้อสายมลายู, Jawi: ملايو تاي, Pattani Malay: Oré Nayu, Jawi or Bangso Yawi) is a term used to refer to ethnic Malays in Thailand.

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Thai people

Thai people or the Thais (ชาวไทย), also known as Siamese (ไทยสยาม), are a nation and Tai ethnic group native to Southeast Asia, primarily living mainly Central Thailand (Siamese proper).

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Thailand

Thailand, officially the Kingdom of Thailand and formerly known as Siam, is a unitary state at the center of the Southeast Asian Indochinese peninsula composed of 76 provinces.

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The New York Times Almanac

The New York Times Almanac was an almanac published in the United States.

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The New York Times Company

The New York Times Company is an American media company which publishes its namesake, The New York Times.

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The Travels of Marco Polo

Book of the Marvels of the World (French: Livre des Merveilles du Monde) or Description of the World (Devisement du Monde), in Italian Il Milione (The Million) or Oriente Poliano and in English commonly called The Travels of Marco Polo, is a 13th-century travelogue written down by Rustichello da Pisa from stories told by Marco Polo, describing Polo's travels through Asia between 1271 and 1295, and his experiences at the court of Kublai Khan.

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Thonburi Kingdom

Kingdom of Thonburi (Thai: ธนบุรี) was a Siamese kingdom after the downfall of the Ayutthaya Kingdom by the Konbaung Burmese invader.

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Timber framing

Timber framing and "post-and-beam" construction are traditional methods of building with heavy timbers, creating structures using squared-off and carefully fitted and joined timbers with joints secured by large wooden pegs.

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Timpani

Timpani or kettledrums (also informally called timps) are musical instruments in the percussion family.

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Title

A title is a prefix or suffix added to someone's name in certain contexts.

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Titular ruler

A titular ruler, or titular head, is a person in an official position of leadership who possesses few, if any, actual powers.

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Tondo (historical polity)

In early Philippine history, the Tagalog settlement at Tondo (Baybayin) was a major trade hub located on the northern part of the Pasig River delta, on Luzon island.

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Top

A spinning top is a toy designed to spin rapidly on the ground, the motion of which causes it to remain precisely balanced on its tip because of its rotational inertia.

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Toponymy

Toponymy is the study of place names (toponyms), their origins, meanings, use, and typology.

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Trang Province

Trang (ตรัง), also called Mueang Thap Thiang, is one of the southern provinces (changwat) of Thailand, on the west side of the Malay Peninsula facing the Strait of Malacca.

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Trans-cultural diffusion

In cultural anthropology and cultural geography, cultural diffusion, as conceptualized by Leo Frobenius in his 1897/98 publication Der westafrikanische Kulturkreis, is the spread of cultural items—such as ideas, styles, religions, technologies, languages—between individuals, whether within a single culture or from one culture to another.

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Tropical rainforest

Tropical rainforests are rainforests that occur in areas of tropical rainforest climate in which there is no dry season – all months have an average precipitation of at least 60 mm – and may also be referred to as lowland equatorial evergreen rainforest.

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Tudong

Tudong (also spelled tudung) is a Malay word, literally meaning the noun "cover", which is commonly translated/referred to as veil or headscarf in English.

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Tun Sri Lanang

Tun Muhammad bin Tun Ahmad, better known as Tun Sri Lanang,Agus, Abdul Aziz, Tokoh yang Kukoh, dalam Kesusasteraan Melayu Lama dan Baru, oleh Agus Salim: Dengan Sejarah Sastera, pg 72 is the Bendahara (Grand Vizier) of the royal Court of Johor Sultanate who lived between the 16th and 17th centuries.

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Tuyere

A tuyere or tuyère is a tube, nozzle or pipe through which air is blown into a furnace or hearth.

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Ulek mayang

Ulek Mayang (Jawi: اولق مايڠ) is a classical Malay dance from the state of Terengganu in Malaysia.It is a ritualistic dance performed to appease or invoke the spirits of the sea and is always accompanied by a unique song also called Ulek Mayang.

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Unfederated Malay States

The term Unfederated Malay States was the collective name given to five British protected states in the Malay peninsula in the first half of the twentieth century.

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Unitary state

A unitary state is a state governed as a single power in which the central government is ultimately supreme and any administrative divisions (sub-national units) exercise only the powers that the central government chooses to delegate.

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United Kingdom

The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom (UK) or Britain,Usage is mixed with some organisations, including the and preferring to use Britain as shorthand for Great Britain is a sovereign country in western Europe.

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United Malays National Organisation

The United Malays National Organisation (Malay: Pertubuhan Kebangsaan Melayu Bersatu; Jawi: ڤرتوبوهن کبڠساءن ملايو برساتو, abbreviated UMNO or lesser known as PEKEMBAR) is Malaysia's main opposition political party.

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Urbanism

Urbanism is the study of how inhabitants of urban areas, such as towns and cities, interact with the built environment.

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Utusan Malaysia

Utusan Malaysia (literally The Malaysian Courier) is a Malay-language newspaper published in Malaysia.

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Value (ethics)

In ethics, value denotes the degree of importance of some thing or action, with the aim of determining what actions are best to do or what way is best to live (normative ethics), or to describe the significance of different actions.

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Vase

A vase is an open container.

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Vayu Purana

The Vayu Purana (वायु पुराण) is a Sanskrit text and one of the eighteen major Puranas of Hinduism.

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Vedic and Sanskrit literature

Vedic and Sanskrit literature comprises the spoken or sung literature of the Vedas from the early-to-mid 2nd to mid 1st millennium BCE, and continues with the oral tradition of the Sanskrit epics of Iron Age India; the golden age of Classical Sanskrit literature dates to Late Antiquity (roughly the 3rd to 8th centuries CE).

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Ventilation (architecture)

Ventilation is the intentional introduction of ambient air into a space and is mainly used to control indoor air quality by diluting and displacing indoor pollutants; it can also be used for purposes of thermal comfort or dehumidification.

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Visayas

The Visayas, or the Visayan Islands (Visayan: Kabisay-an,; Kabisayaan), is one of the three principal geographical divisions of the Philippines, along with Luzon and Mindanao.

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Visual arts

The visual arts are art forms such as ceramics, drawing, painting, sculpture, printmaking, design, crafts, photography, video, filmmaking, and architecture.

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Wa people

The Wa people (Wa language: Vāx; ဝလူမျိုး;; ว้า) are an ethnic group that lives mainly in northern Myanmar, in the northern part of Shan State and the eastern part of Kachin State, near and along Burma's border with China, as well as in Yunnan, China.

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War

War is a state of armed conflict between states, societies and informal groups, such as insurgents and militias.

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Wau bulan

Wau bulan (Jawi: واو بولن) is an intricately designed Malaysian moon-kite (normally with floral motifs) that is traditionally flown by men in the Malaysian state of Kelantan.

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Wayang

Wayang (Krama Javanese: Ringgit, "Shadow"), also known as Wajang, is a form of puppet theatre art found in Indonesia and other parts of Southeast Asia, wherein a dramatic story is told through shadows thrown by puppets and sometimes combined with human characters.

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Wedding

A wedding is a ceremony where two people are united in marriage.

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West Kalimantan

West Kalimantan (Kalimantan Barat, Malay: كليمنتان بارت,; Hakka: Sî-Kâ-lí-màn-tân; Teochew: Sai-Gia-li-man-dang) is a province of Indonesia.

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West Sumatra

West Sumatra (Sumatera Barat, abbreviated to Sumbar, Jawi:, Minangkabau: Sumatera Baraik) is a province of Indonesia.

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Western Cape

The Western Cape (Wes-Kaap, Ntshona Koloni) is a province of South Africa, situated on the south-western coast of the country.

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White Rajahs

The White Rajahs were a dynastic monarchy of the British Brooke family, who founded and ruled the Kingdom of Sarawak, located on the island of Borneo, from 1841 to 1946.

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Wilderness

Wilderness or wildland is a natural environment on Earth that has not been significantly modified by human activity.

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Wood carving

Wood carving is a form of woodworking by means of a cutting tool (knife) in one hand or a chisel by two hands or with one hand on a chisel and one hand on a mallet, resulting in a wooden figure or figurine, or in the sculptural ornamentation of a wooden object.

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World War II

World War II (often abbreviated to WWII or WW2), also known as the Second World War, was a global war that lasted from 1939 to 1945, although conflicts reflecting the ideological clash between what would become the Allied and Axis blocs began earlier.

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Xuanzang

Xuanzang (fl. c. 602 – 664) was a Chinese Buddhist monk, scholar, traveller, and translator who travelled to India in the seventh century and described the interaction between Chinese Buddhism and Indian Buddhism during the early Tang dynasty.

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Yahoo! News

Yahoo! News is a news website that originated as an internet-based news aggregator by Yahoo!.

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Yala Province

Yala (ยะลา) is the southernmost province (changwat) of Thailand.

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Yamtuan Besar

Yamtuan, also known as Yang di-Pertuan Besar, is the royal title of the ruler of the Malaysian state of Negeri Sembilan.

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Yang di-Pertuan Agong

The Yang di-Pertuan Agong (literally "He Who Was Made Lord", Jawi: يڠ دڤرتوان اݢوڠ), also known as the King, is the monarch and head of state of Malaysia.

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Yaring District

Yaring (ยะหริ่ง) is a district (amphoe) of Pattani Province, southern Thailand.

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Yijing (monk)

Yijing (635–713 CE) was a Tang dynasty Chinese Buddhist monk originally named Zhang Wenming.

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Yuan dynasty

The Yuan dynasty, officially the Great Yuan (Yehe Yuan Ulus), was the empire or ruling dynasty of China established by Kublai Khan, leader of the Mongolian Borjigin clan.

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Yunnan

Yunnan is a province of the People's Republic of China, located in the far southwest of the country.

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Zapin

Zapin (Jawi: زافين) is a Malay dance form that is popular in Malaysia (especially in the state of Johor, Pahang and Selangor), in Indonesia, especially in Malay-populated provinces in Sumatera (Riau Province, Jambi province, Riau Islands Province, North Sumatera, and Bangka-Belitung Islands) and West Kalimantan, and in other Malay populated countries like Brunei Darussalam and Singapore.

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Zapin Api

Zapin Api (lit: "Zapin of Fire"; Jawi: زاڤين اڤي) is a firedance technique of the classical Malay Zapin founded in Pulau Rupat Utara, Bengkalis, Riau, Indonesia.

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Redirects here:

Asahan Malays, Bangka people, Bengkulu people, Deli Malays, Deutero-Malay, Deutero-Malays, Ethnic Malay, Ethnic Malays, Jambi Malays, Johorean Malay people, Langkat Malays, Malaccan Malay people, Malay (ethnic group), Malay Architecture, Malay People, Malay architecture, Malay culture, Malay customs, Malay people, Malay peoples, Malay-Austronesians, Malayans, Malays (ethic group), Malays people, Malayu people, Melayu people, Pahangese Malay people, Pahangite Malay people, Palembang people, Penangite Malay people, Perlisian Malay people, Pontianak Malays, Riau Malays, Sambas people, Sarawakian Malay people, Selangorian Malay people, Serdang Malays, Tamiang Malays.

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malays_(ethnic_group)

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