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35 relations: Airstream mechanism, Alveolar clicks, Alveolar consonant, Aspirated consonant, Bidental consonant, Bilabial consonant, Cleft lip and cleft palate, Creaky voice, Damin, Denasalization, Dynamics (music), Fortis and lenis, Glossary of musical terminology, Interdental consonant, International Clinical Phonetics and Linguistics Association, International Phonetic Alphabet, Labiodental consonant, Laminal consonant, Lateral consonant, Linguolabial consonant, Lisp, Nasalization, Phonation, Pre-voicing, Preaspiration, Pronunciation of English /r/, Relative articulation, Roundedness, Sibilant, Speech disorder, Stuttering, Tempo, Velopharyngeal consonant, Voice onset time, Voice Quality Symbols.
Airstream mechanism
In phonetics, the airstream mechanism is the method by which airflow is created in the vocal tract.
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Alveolar clicks
The alveolar or postalveolar clicks are a family of click consonants found only in Africa and in the Damin ritual jargon of Australia.
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Alveolar consonant
Alveolar consonants are articulated with the tongue against or close to the superior alveolar ridge, which is called that because it contains the alveoli (the sockets) of the superior teeth.
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Aspirated consonant
In phonetics, aspiration is the strong burst of breath that accompanies either the release or, in the case of preaspiration, the closure of some obstruents.
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Bidental consonant
Bidental consonants are consonants pronounced with both the lower and upper teeth.
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Bilabial consonant
In phonetics, a bilabial consonant is a consonant articulated with both lips.
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Cleft lip and cleft palate
Cleft lip and cleft palate, also known as orofacial cleft, is a group of conditions that includes cleft lip (CL), cleft palate (CP), and both together (CLP).
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Creaky voice
In linguistics, creaky voice (sometimes called laryngealisation, pulse phonation, vocal fry, or glottal fry) is a special kind of phonation in which the arytenoid cartilages in the larynx are drawn together; as a result, the vocal folds are compressed rather tightly, becoming relatively slack and compact.
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Damin
Damin (Demiin in the practical orthography of Lardil) was a ceremonial language register used by the advanced initiated men of the aboriginal Lardil (Leerdil in the practical orthography) and the Yangkaal peoples of Australia.
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Denasalization
In phonetics, denasalization is the loss of nasal airflow in a nasal sound, such as a nasal consonant or a nasal vowel.
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Dynamics (music)
In music, the dynamics of a piece is the variation in loudness between notes or phrases.
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Fortis and lenis
In linguistics, fortis and lenis (Latin for "strong" and "weak"), sometimes identified with '''tense''' and '''lax''', are pronunciations of consonants with relatively greater and lesser energy.
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Glossary of musical terminology
This is a list of musical terms that are likely to be encountered in printed scores, music reviews, and program notes.
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Interdental consonant
Interdental consonants are produced by placing the tip of the tongue between the upper and lower front teeth.
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International Clinical Phonetics and Linguistics Association
The International Clinical Phonetics and Linguistics Association (ICPLA) is an international scholarly association dedicated to the study of speech disorders and language disorders.
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International Phonetic Alphabet
The International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) is an alphabetic system of phonetic notation based primarily on the Latin alphabet.
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Labiodental consonant
In phonetics, labiodentals are consonants articulated with the lower lip and the upper teeth.
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Laminal consonant
A laminal consonant is a phone produced by obstructing the air passage with the blade of the tongue, the flat top front surface just behind the tip of the tongue on the top.
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Lateral consonant
A lateral is an l-like consonant in which the airstream proceeds along the sides of the tongue, but it is blocked by the tongue from going through the middle of the mouth.
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Linguolabial consonant
Linguolabials or apicolabials are consonants articulated by placing the tongue tip or blade against the upper lip, which is drawn downward to meet the tongue.
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Lisp
A lisp, also known as sigmatism, is a speech impediment in which a person misarticulates sibilants,. These misarticulations often result in unclear speech.
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Nasalization
In phonetics, nasalization (or nasalisation) is the production of a sound while the velum is lowered, so that some air escapes through the nose during the production of the sound by the mouth.
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Phonation
The term phonation has slightly different meanings depending on the subfield of phonetics.
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Pre-voicing
Prevoicing, in phonetics, is voicing before the onset of a consonant or beginning with the onset of the consonant but ending before its release.
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Preaspiration
In phonetics, preaspiration (sometimes spelled pre-aspiration) is a period of voicelessness or aspiration preceding the closure of a voiceless obstruent, basically equivalent to an -like sound preceding the obstruent.
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Pronunciation of English /r/
Pronunciation of the phoneme /r/ in the English language has many variations in different dialects.
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Relative articulation
In phonetics and phonology, relative articulation is description of the manner and place of articulation of a speech sound relative to some reference point.
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Roundedness
In phonetics, vowel roundedness refers to the amount of rounding in the lips during the articulation of a vowel.
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Sibilant
Sibilance is an acoustic characteristic of fricative and affricate consonants of higher amplitude and pitch, made by directing a stream of air with the tongue towards the sharp edge of the teeth, which are held close together; a consonant that uses sibilance may be called a sibilant.
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Speech disorder
Speech disorders or speech impediments are a type of communication disorder where 'normal' speech is disrupted.
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Stuttering
Stuttering, also known as stammering, is a speech disorder in which the flow of speech is disrupted by involuntary repetitions and prolongations of sounds, syllables, words or phrases as well as involuntary silent pauses or blocks in which the person who stutters is unable to produce sounds. The term stuttering is most commonly associated with involuntary sound repetition, but it also encompasses the abnormal hesitation or pausing before speech, referred to by people who stutter as blocks, and the prolongation of certain sounds, usually vowels or semivowels. According to Watkins et al., stuttering is a disorder of "selection, initiation, and execution of motor sequences necessary for fluent speech production." For many people who stutter, repetition is the primary problem. The term "stuttering" covers a wide range of severity, encompassing barely perceptible impediments that are largely cosmetic to severe symptoms that effectively prevent oral communication. In the world, approximately four times as many men as women stutter, encompassing 70 million people worldwide, or about 1% of the world's population. The impact of stuttering on a person's functioning and emotional state can be severe. This may include fears of having to enunciate specific vowels or consonants, fears of being caught stuttering in social situations, self-imposed isolation, anxiety, stress, shame, being a possible target of bullying having to use word substitution and rearrange words in a sentence to hide stuttering, or a feeling of "loss of control" during speech. Stuttering is sometimes popularly seen as a symptom of anxiety, but there is actually no direct correlation in that direction (though as mentioned the inverse can be true, as social anxiety may actually develop in individuals as a result of their stuttering). Stuttering is generally not a problem with the physical production of speech sounds or putting thoughts into words. Acute nervousness and stress do not cause stuttering, but they can trigger stuttering in people who have the speech disorder, and living with a stigmatized disability can result in anxiety and high allostatic stress load (chronic nervousness and stress) that reduce the amount of acute stress necessary to trigger stuttering in any given person who stutters, exacerbating the problem in the manner of a positive feedback system; the name 'stuttered speech syndrome' has been proposed for this condition. Neither acute nor chronic stress, however, itself creates any predisposition to stuttering. The disorder is also variable, which means that in certain situations, such as talking on the telephone or in a large group, the stuttering might be more severe or less, depending on whether or not the stutterer is self-conscious about their stuttering. Stutterers often find that their stuttering fluctuates and that they have "good" days, "bad" days and "stutter-free" days. The times in which their stuttering fluctuates can be random. Although the exact etiology, or cause, of stuttering is unknown, both genetics and neurophysiology are thought to contribute. There are many treatments and speech therapy techniques available that may help decrease speech disfluency in some people who stutter to the point where an untrained ear cannot identify a problem; however, there is essentially no cure for the disorder at present. The severity of the person's stuttering would correspond to the amount of speech therapy needed to decrease disfluency. For severe stuttering, long-term therapy and hard work is required to decrease disfluency.
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Tempo
In musical terminology, tempo ("time" in Italian; plural: tempi) is the speed or pace of a given piece.
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Velopharyngeal consonant
A velopharyngeal fricative, more commonly known as a velopharyngeal snort, is a sound produced by some people with a cleft palate.
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Voice onset time
In phonetics, voice onset time (VOT) is a feature of the production of stop consonants.
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Voice Quality Symbols
Voice Quality Symbols (VoQS) are a set of phonetic symbols used for voice quality, such as to transcribe disordered speech.
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Redirects here:
Ext-IPA, ExtIPA, Extended IPA, Extended-IPA, Extensions to the IPA, Extentions of the IPA, Extipa, IPAext, Voiced central-plus-lateral alveolar fricative, Voiceless central-plus-lateral alveolar fricative, ʩ, ʬ, ʭ.
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extensions_to_the_International_Phonetic_Alphabet
