Faster access than browser!
205 relations: Abbasid Caliphate, Abu l-Hasan Ali I, Agha (title), Ahmad al-Mansur, Ahmad I ibn Mustafa, Al-Andalus, Al-Husayn I ibn Ali, Algeria, Algiers, Alhambra Decree, Anatolia, Andalusia, Andrea Doria, Aqueduct (water supply), Arabic, Aragon, Balkans, Banu Hilal, Barbary Coast, Barbary pirates, Barbary slave trade, Barbary Wars, Battle of Alcácer Quibir, Battle of Lepanto, Battle of Preveza, Béjaïa, Bedouin, Berber languages, Bey, Beylerbey, Calabria, Caliphate, Cantar de Mio Cid, Carl Brockelmann, Caste, Catalonia, Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor, Coffeehouse, Congress of Vienna, Conquest of Tunis (1534), Conquest of Tunis (1574), Conscription, Constantine, Algeria, Constantinople, Consul, Corpus Juris Civilis, Corsica, Crimean War, Dey, Divan, ..., Djerba, Domari language, Don Quixote, Dragut, Dutch Revolt, Early modern Europe, El Cid, Elite, Expulsion of the Moriscos, Extraterritoriality, Eyalet, Farm (revenue leasing), Fatwa, Ferdinand II of Aragon, Fernand Braudel, Fez, Fiqh, First Barbary War, Flag of Tunisia, Galley, General History of Africa, Genoa, Ghazi (warrior), Ghilman, Granada War, Greeks, Hafsid dynasty, Haji Bektash Veli, Hammuda ibn Ali, Hanafi, Hayreddin Barbarossa, Head of state, Henry Kamen, History of Africa, History of French-era Tunisia, History of medieval Tunisia, History of modern Tunisia, History of the United States Navy, History of Tunisia, Holy Roman Empire, Hurufism, Husainid dynasty, Ifriqiya, Istanbul, Italian Tunisians, Janissaries, Jijel, John of Austria, Judaism, Judeo-Tunisian Arabic, Kabyle people, Kairouan, Kapudan Pasha, Kasbah, Khawarij, Kingdom of Naples, Kingdom of Tlemcen, Knights Hospitaller, Koca Sinan Pasha, Kouloughlis, La Goulette, Land tenure, Letter of marque, List of Beys of Tunis, Madrasa, Maghreb, Maghrib prayer, Mahmud II, Maliki, Mamluk, Mamluk Sultanate (Cairo), Marabout, Marinid dynasty, Mercantilism, Merchant, Merchant navy, Mers El Kébir, Miguel de Cervantes, Military history of France, Modernism, Monopoly, Morisco, Morocco, Mudéjar, Mughal Empire, Muhammad Ali of Egypt, Muhammad I ar-Rashid, Murad I Bey, Music of Turkey, Occhiali, Occitan language, Oran, Order of the Blessed Virgin Mary of Mercy, Oruç Reis, Ottoman Caliphate, Ottoman Empire, Ottoman Hungary, Ottoman Navy, Ottoman Tripolitania, Ottoman Turkish language, Pan-Arabism, Pan-Islamism, Pan-Turkism, Pasha, Persian language, Philip II of Spain, Piracy, Presidio, Privateer, Prize (law), Profit (accounting), Qadi, Qanun (law), Rebellion of the Alpujarras (1568–71), Reconquista, Revolutions of Tunis, Richard A. Fletcher, Russian Empire, S. M. Ikram, Saadi dynasty, Sayyid, Second Barbary War, Seraglio, Sharia, Sheikh, Slavery on the Barbary Coast, Spanish language, Stanford J. Shaw, Stanley Lane-Poole, Steppe, Sublime Porte, Suleiman the Magnificent, Sultan, Sultanate of Rum, Sunni Islam, Tanzimat, Tlemcen, Topkapı Palace, Trinitarian Order, Tripoli, Trojan Horse, Tunis, Tunisia, Tunisian Arabic, Tunisian Campaign, Tunisian rial, Turkish language, Turks in Tunisia, Turncoat, Ulama, Urf, Venice, Wahhabism, Yassa, Zayyanid dynasty. Expand index (155 more) »
Abbasid Caliphate
The Abbasid Caliphate (or ٱلْخِلافَةُ ٱلْعَبَّاسِيَّة) was the third of the Islamic caliphates to succeed the Islamic prophet Muhammad.
New!!: Ottoman Tunisia and Abbasid Caliphate · See more »
Abu l-Hasan Ali I
Abu l-Hasan Ali I (أبو الحسن علي باش; 30 June 1688 – 22 September 1756) (Also known as Ali Pasha and Ali Bey I) was the second leader of the Husainid Dynasty and the ruler of Tunisia from 1735 to 1756.
New!!: Ottoman Tunisia and Abu l-Hasan Ali I · See more »
Agha (title)
Agha, also Aga (Ottoman Turkish:, آقا āghā "chief, master, lord"), as an honorific title for a civilian or military officer, or often part of such title, and was placed after the name of certain civilian or military functionaries in the Ottoman Empire.
New!!: Ottoman Tunisia and Agha (title) · See more »
Ahmad al-Mansur
Ahmad al-Mansur (أبو العباس أحمد المنصور, Ahmad Abu al-Abbas al-Mansur, also El-Mansour Eddahbi, أحمد المنصور الذهبي; and Ahmed el-Mansour; 1549 in Fes – 25 August 1603, outskirts of Fes) was Sultan of the Saadi dynasty from 1578 to his death in 1603, the sixth and most famous of all rulers of the Saadis.
New!!: Ottoman Tunisia and Ahmad al-Mansur · See more »
Ahmad I ibn Mustafa
Ahmed I (أبو العباس أحمد باشا باي), born 2 December 1805 in TunisIbn Abi Dhiaf, Présent des hommes de notre temps.
New!!: Ottoman Tunisia and Ahmad I ibn Mustafa · See more »
Al-Andalus
Al-Andalus (الأنْدَلُس, trans.; al-Ándalus; al-Ândalus; al-Àndalus; Berber: Andalus), also known as Muslim Spain, Muslim Iberia, or Islamic Iberia, was a medieval Muslim territory and cultural domain occupying at its peak most of what are today Spain and Portugal.
New!!: Ottoman Tunisia and Al-Andalus · See more »
Al-Husayn I ibn Ali
Al-Husayn I ibn Ali (1669 – 13 March 1740) (حسين بن علي التركي,; Hüseyin bin Ali) was the founder of the Husainid Dynasty, which ruled Tunisia until 1957.
New!!: Ottoman Tunisia and Al-Husayn I ibn Ali · See more »
Algeria
Algeria (الجزائر, familary Algerian Arabic الدزاير; ⴷⵣⴰⵢⴻⵔ; Dzayer; Algérie), officially the People's Democratic Republic of Algeria, is a sovereign state in North Africa on the Mediterranean coast.
New!!: Ottoman Tunisia and Algeria · See more »
Algiers
Algiers (الجزائر al-Jazā’er, ⴷⵣⴰⵢⴻ, Alger) is the capital and largest city of Algeria.
New!!: Ottoman Tunisia and Algiers · See more »
Alhambra Decree
The Alhambra Decree (also known as the Edict of Expulsion; Spanish: Decreto de la Alhambra, Edicto de Granada) was an edict issued on 31 March 1492, by the joint Catholic Monarchs of Spain (Isabella I of Castile and Ferdinand II of Aragon) ordering the expulsion of practicing Jews from the Kingdoms of Castile and Aragon and its territories and possessions by 31 July of that year.
New!!: Ottoman Tunisia and Alhambra Decree · See more »
Anatolia
Anatolia (Modern Greek: Ανατολία Anatolía, from Ἀνατολή Anatolḗ,; "east" or "rise"), also known as Asia Minor (Medieval and Modern Greek: Μικρά Ἀσία Mikrá Asía, "small Asia"), Asian Turkey, the Anatolian peninsula, or the Anatolian plateau, is the westernmost protrusion of Asia, which makes up the majority of modern-day Turkey.
New!!: Ottoman Tunisia and Anatolia · See more »
Andalusia
Andalusia (Andalucía) is an autonomous community in southern Spain.
New!!: Ottoman Tunisia and Andalusia · See more »
Andrea Doria
Andrea Doria (30 November 146625 November 1560) was an Italian condottiero and admiral of the Republic of Genoa.
New!!: Ottoman Tunisia and Andrea Doria · See more »
Aqueduct (water supply)
An aqueduct is a watercourse constructed to convey water.
New!!: Ottoman Tunisia and Aqueduct (water supply) · See more »
Arabic
Arabic (العَرَبِيَّة) or (عَرَبِيّ) or) is a Central Semitic language that first emerged in Iron Age northwestern Arabia and is now the lingua franca of the Arab world. It is named after the Arabs, a term initially used to describe peoples living from Mesopotamia in the east to the Anti-Lebanon mountains in the west, in northwestern Arabia, and in the Sinai peninsula. Arabic is classified as a macrolanguage comprising 30 modern varieties, including its standard form, Modern Standard Arabic, which is derived from Classical Arabic. As the modern written language, Modern Standard Arabic is widely taught in schools and universities, and is used to varying degrees in workplaces, government, and the media. The two formal varieties are grouped together as Literary Arabic (fuṣḥā), which is the official language of 26 states and the liturgical language of Islam. Modern Standard Arabic largely follows the grammatical standards of Classical Arabic and uses much of the same vocabulary. However, it has discarded some grammatical constructions and vocabulary that no longer have any counterpart in the spoken varieties, and has adopted certain new constructions and vocabulary from the spoken varieties. Much of the new vocabulary is used to denote concepts that have arisen in the post-classical era, especially in modern times. During the Middle Ages, Literary Arabic was a major vehicle of culture in Europe, especially in science, mathematics and philosophy. As a result, many European languages have also borrowed many words from it. Arabic influence, mainly in vocabulary, is seen in European languages, mainly Spanish and to a lesser extent Portuguese, Valencian and Catalan, owing to both the proximity of Christian European and Muslim Arab civilizations and 800 years of Arabic culture and language in the Iberian Peninsula, referred to in Arabic as al-Andalus. Sicilian has about 500 Arabic words as result of Sicily being progressively conquered by Arabs from North Africa, from the mid 9th to mid 10th centuries. Many of these words relate to agriculture and related activities (Hull and Ruffino). Balkan languages, including Greek and Bulgarian, have also acquired a significant number of Arabic words through contact with Ottoman Turkish. Arabic has influenced many languages around the globe throughout its history. Some of the most influenced languages are Persian, Turkish, Spanish, Urdu, Kashmiri, Kurdish, Bosnian, Kazakh, Bengali, Hindi, Malay, Maldivian, Indonesian, Pashto, Punjabi, Tagalog, Sindhi, and Hausa, and some languages in parts of Africa. Conversely, Arabic has borrowed words from other languages, including Greek and Persian in medieval times, and contemporary European languages such as English and French in modern times. Classical Arabic is the liturgical language of 1.8 billion Muslims and Modern Standard Arabic is one of six official languages of the United Nations. All varieties of Arabic combined are spoken by perhaps as many as 422 million speakers (native and non-native) in the Arab world, making it the fifth most spoken language in the world. Arabic is written with the Arabic alphabet, which is an abjad script and is written from right to left, although the spoken varieties are sometimes written in ASCII Latin from left to right with no standardized orthography.
New!!: Ottoman Tunisia and Arabic · See more »
Aragon
Aragon (or, Spanish and Aragón, Aragó or) is an autonomous community in Spain, coextensive with the medieval Kingdom of Aragon.
New!!: Ottoman Tunisia and Aragon · See more »
Balkans
The Balkans, or the Balkan Peninsula, is a geographic area in southeastern Europe with various and disputed definitions.
New!!: Ottoman Tunisia and Balkans · See more »
Banu Hilal
The Banu Hilal (Arabic: بنو هلال or الهلاليين) was a confederation of tribes of Arabia from the Hejaz and Najd regions of the Arabian Peninsula that emigrated to North Africa in the 11th century.
New!!: Ottoman Tunisia and Banu Hilal · See more »
Barbary Coast
The Barbary Coast, or Berber Coast, was the term used by Europeans from the 16th until the early 19th century to refer to much of the collective land of the Berber people.
New!!: Ottoman Tunisia and Barbary Coast · See more »
Barbary pirates
The Barbary pirates, sometimes called Barbary corsairs or Ottoman corsairs, were Ottoman pirates and privateers who operated from North Africa, based primarily in the ports of Salé, Rabat, Algiers, Tunis, and Tripoli.
New!!: Ottoman Tunisia and Barbary pirates · See more »
Barbary slave trade
The Barbary slave trade refers to the slave markets that were extremely lucrative and vast on the Barbary Coast of North Africa, which included the Ottoman provinces of Algeria, Tunisia and Tripolitania and the independent sultanate of Morocco, between the 16th and middle of the 18th century.
New!!: Ottoman Tunisia and Barbary slave trade · See more »
Barbary Wars
The Barbary Wars were a series of conflicts that culminated in two wars fought at different times over the same reasons between the United States, Sweden, and the Barbary states (the de jure possessions of the Ottoman Empire, but de facto independent, Tunis, Algiers, and Tripoli) of North Africa in the late 18th and early 19th centuries.
New!!: Ottoman Tunisia and Barbary Wars · See more »
Battle of Alcácer Quibir
The Battle of Alcácer Quibir (also known as "Battle of Three Kings" (معركة الملوك الثلاثة) or "Battle of Oued al-Makhazin" (معركة وادي المخازن) in Morocco) was fought in northern Morocco, near the town of Ksar-el-Kebir (variant spellings: Ksar El Kebir, Alcácer-Quivir, Alcazarquivir, Alcassar, etc.) and Larache, on 4 August 1578.
New!!: Ottoman Tunisia and Battle of Alcácer Quibir · See more »
Battle of Lepanto
The Battle of Lepanto was a naval engagement that took place on 7 October 1571 when a fleet of the Holy League, of which the Venetian Empire and the Spanish Empire were the main powers, inflicted a major defeat on the fleet of the Ottoman Empire in the Gulf of Patras, where Ottoman forces sailing westward from their naval station in Lepanto (the Venetian name of ancient Naupactus Ναύπακτος, Ottoman İnebahtı) met the fleet of the Holy League sailing east from Messina, Sicily.
New!!: Ottoman Tunisia and Battle of Lepanto · See more »
Battle of Preveza
The Battle of Preveza was a naval battle that took place on 28 September 1538 near Preveza in northwestern Greece between an Ottoman fleet and that of a Christian alliance assembled by Pope Paul III in which the Ottoman fleet defeated the allies.
New!!: Ottoman Tunisia and Battle of Preveza · See more »
Béjaïa
Béjaïa (بِجَايَة, Bijayah; Bgayet, Bgayeth, ⴱⴳⴰⵢⴻⵜ), formerly Bougie and Bugia, is a Mediterranean port city on the Gulf of Béjaïa in Algeria; it is the capital of Béjaïa Province, Kabylia.
New!!: Ottoman Tunisia and Béjaïa · See more »
Bedouin
The Bedouin (badawī) are a grouping of nomadic Arab peoples who have historically inhabited the desert regions in North Africa, the Arabian Peninsula, Iraq and the Levant.
New!!: Ottoman Tunisia and Bedouin · See more »
Berber languages
The Berber languages, also known as Berber or the Amazigh languages (Berber name: Tamaziɣt, Tamazight; Neo-Tifinagh: ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ, Tuareg Tifinagh: ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵗⵜ, ⵝⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵗⵝ), are a branch of the Afroasiatic language family.
New!!: Ottoman Tunisia and Berber languages · See more »
Bey
“Bey” (بك “Beik”, bej, beg, بيه “Beyeh”, بیگ “Beyg” or بگ “Beg”) is a Turkish title for chieftain, traditionally applied to the leaders or rulers of various sized areas in the Ottoman Empire.
New!!: Ottoman Tunisia and Bey · See more »
Beylerbey
Beylerbey or Beylerbeyi (بكلربكی; "Bey of Beys", meaning "the Commander of Commanders" or "the Lord of Lords"; originally Beglerbeg in older Turkic) was a high rank in the western Islamic world in the late Middle Ages and early modern period, from the Seljuks of Rum and the Ilkhanids to Safavid Persia and the Ottoman Empire.
New!!: Ottoman Tunisia and Beylerbey · See more »
Calabria
Calabria (Calàbbria in Calabrian; Calavría in Calabrian Greek; Καλαβρία in Greek; Kalavrì in Arbëresh/Albanian), known in antiquity as Bruttium, is a region in Southern Italy.
New!!: Ottoman Tunisia and Calabria · See more »
Caliphate
A caliphate (خِلافة) is a state under the leadership of an Islamic steward with the title of caliph (خَليفة), a person considered a religious successor to the Islamic prophet Muhammad and a leader of the entire ummah (community).
New!!: Ottoman Tunisia and Caliphate · See more »
Cantar de Mio Cid
El Cantar de mio Cid, literally "The Song of my Cid" (or El Poema de mio Cid), also known in English as The Poem of the Cid, is the oldest preserved Castilian epic poem (epopeya).
New!!: Ottoman Tunisia and Cantar de Mio Cid · See more »
Carl Brockelmann
Carl Brockelmann (17 September 1868 – 6 May 1956) German Semiticist, was the foremost orientalist of his generation.
New!!: Ottoman Tunisia and Carl Brockelmann · See more »
Caste
Caste is a form of social stratification characterized by endogamy, hereditary transmission of a lifestyle which often includes an occupation, status in a hierarchy, customary social interaction, and exclusion.
New!!: Ottoman Tunisia and Caste · See more »
Catalonia
Catalonia (Catalunya, Catalonha, Cataluña) is an autonomous community in Spain on the northeastern extremity of the Iberian Peninsula, designated as a nationality by its Statute of Autonomy.
New!!: Ottoman Tunisia and Catalonia · See more »
Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor
Charles V (Carlos; Karl; Carlo; Karel; Carolus; 24 February 1500 – 21 September 1558) was ruler of both the Holy Roman Empire from 1519 and the Spanish Empire (as Charles I of Spain) from 1516, as well as of the lands of the former Duchy of Burgundy from 1506.
New!!: Ottoman Tunisia and Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor · See more »
Coffeehouse
A coffeehouse, coffee shop or café (sometimes spelt cafe) is an establishment which primarily serves hot coffee, related coffee beverages (café latte, cappuccino, espresso), tea, and other hot beverages.
New!!: Ottoman Tunisia and Coffeehouse · See more »
Congress of Vienna
The Congress of Vienna (Wiener Kongress) also called Vienna Congress, was a meeting of ambassadors of European states chaired by Austrian statesman Klemens von Metternich, and held in Vienna from November 1814 to June 1815, though the delegates had arrived and were already negotiating by late September 1814.
New!!: Ottoman Tunisia and Congress of Vienna · See more »
Conquest of Tunis (1534)
The conquest of Tunis occurred on 16 August 1534 when Hayreddin Barbarossa captured the city from the Hafsid ruler Muley Hasan.
New!!: Ottoman Tunisia and Conquest of Tunis (1534) · See more »
Conquest of Tunis (1574)
The Conquest of Tunis in 1574 marked the final conquest of Tunis by the Ottoman Empire over the Spanish Empire.
New!!: Ottoman Tunisia and Conquest of Tunis (1574) · See more »
Conscription
Conscription, sometimes called the draft, is the compulsory enlistment of people in a national service, most often a military service.
New!!: Ottoman Tunisia and Conscription · See more »
Constantine, Algeria
Not to be confused with Constantinople, the historical city from 330 to 1453 in Thrace, now Istanbul, Turkey. Constantine (قسنطينة, ⵇⵙⴻⵏⵟⵉⵏⴰ), also spelled Qacentina or Kasantina, is the capital of Constantine Province in northeastern Algeria.
New!!: Ottoman Tunisia and Constantine, Algeria · See more »
Constantinople
Constantinople (Κωνσταντινούπολις Konstantinoúpolis; Constantinopolis) was the capital city of the Roman/Byzantine Empire (330–1204 and 1261–1453), and also of the brief Latin (1204–1261), and the later Ottoman (1453–1923) empires.
New!!: Ottoman Tunisia and Constantinople · See more »
Consul
Consul (abbrev. cos.; Latin plural consules) was the title of one of the chief magistrates of the Roman Republic, and subsequently a somewhat significant title under the Roman Empire.
New!!: Ottoman Tunisia and Consul · See more »
Corpus Juris Civilis
The Corpus Juris (or Iuris) Civilis ("Body of Civil Law") is the modern name for a collection of fundamental works in jurisprudence, issued from 529 to 534 by order of Justinian I, Eastern Roman Emperor.
New!!: Ottoman Tunisia and Corpus Juris Civilis · See more »
Corsica
Corsica (Corse; Corsica in Corsican and Italian, pronounced and respectively) is an island in the Mediterranean Sea and one of the 18 regions of France.
New!!: Ottoman Tunisia and Corsica · See more »
Crimean War
The Crimean War (or translation) was a military conflict fought from October 1853 to February 1856 in which the Russian Empire lost to an alliance of the Ottoman Empire, France, Britain and Sardinia.
New!!: Ottoman Tunisia and Crimean War · See more »
Dey
Dey (Arabic: داي, from Turkish dayı) was the title given to the rulers of the Regency of Algiers (Algeria), Tripoli,Bertarelli (1929), p. 203.
New!!: Ottoman Tunisia and Dey · See more »
Divan
A divan or diwan (دیوان, dīvān) was a high governmental body in a number of Islamic states, or its chief official (see dewan).
New!!: Ottoman Tunisia and Divan · See more »
Djerba
Djerba (جربة), also transliterated as Jerba or Jarbah, is, at, the largest island of North Africa, located in the Gulf of Gabès, off the coast of Tunisia.
New!!: Ottoman Tunisia and Djerba · See more »
Domari language
Domari is an endangered Indo-Aryan language, spoken by older Dom people scattered across the Middle East and North Africa.
New!!: Ottoman Tunisia and Domari language · See more »
Don Quixote
The Ingenious Nobleman Sir Quixote of La Mancha (El Ingenioso Hidalgo Don Quijote de la Mancha), or just Don Quixote (Oxford English Dictionary, ""), is a Spanish novel by Miguel de Cervantes.
New!!: Ottoman Tunisia and Don Quixote · See more »
Dragut
Dragut (Turgut Reis; 1485 – 23 June 1565), known as "The Drawn Sword of Islam", was a famed, respected, and feared Muslim Ottoman Naval Commander of Greek descent.
New!!: Ottoman Tunisia and Dragut · See more »
Dutch Revolt
The Dutch Revolt (1568–1648)This article adopts 1568 as the starting date of the war, as this was the year of the first battles between armies.
New!!: Ottoman Tunisia and Dutch Revolt · See more »
Early modern Europe
Early modern Europe is the period of European history between the end of the Middle Ages and the beginning of the Industrial Revolution, roughly the late 15th century to the late 18th century.
New!!: Ottoman Tunisia and Early modern Europe · See more »
El Cid
Rodrigo Díaz de Vivar (1099) was a Castilian nobleman and military leader in medieval Spain.
New!!: Ottoman Tunisia and El Cid · See more »
Elite
In political and sociological theory, the elite (French élite, from Latin eligere) are a small group of powerful people who hold a disproportionate amount of wealth, privilege, political power, or skill in a society.
New!!: Ottoman Tunisia and Elite · See more »
Expulsion of the Moriscos
The Expulsion of the Moriscos (Expulsión de los moriscos, Expulsió dels moriscos) was decreed by King Philip III of Spain on April 9, 1609.
New!!: Ottoman Tunisia and Expulsion of the Moriscos · See more »
Extraterritoriality
Extraterritoriality is the state of being exempted from the jurisdiction of local law, usually as the result of diplomatic negotiations.
New!!: Ottoman Tunisia and Extraterritoriality · See more »
Eyalet
Eyalets (ایالت,, English: State), also known as beylerbeyliks or pashaliks, were a primary administrative division of the Ottoman Empire.
New!!: Ottoman Tunisia and Eyalet · See more »
Farm (revenue leasing)
Farming is a technique of financial management, namely the process of commuting (changing), by its assignment by legal contract to a third party, a future uncertain revenue stream into fixed and certain periodic rents, in consideration for which commutation a discount in value received is suffered.
New!!: Ottoman Tunisia and Farm (revenue leasing) · See more »
Fatwa
A fatwā (فتوى; plural fatāwā فتاوى.) in the Islamic faith is a nonbinding but authoritative legal opinion or learned interpretation that the Sheikhul Islam, a qualified jurist or mufti, can give on issues pertaining to the Islamic law.
New!!: Ottoman Tunisia and Fatwa · See more »
Ferdinand II of Aragon
Ferdinand II (Ferrando, Ferran, Errando, Fernando) (10 March 1452 – 23 January 1516), called the Catholic, was King of Sicily from 1468 and King of Aragon from 1479 until his death.
New!!: Ottoman Tunisia and Ferdinand II of Aragon · See more »
Fernand Braudel
Fernand Braudel (24 August 1902 – 27 November 1985) was a French historian and a leader of the Annales School.
New!!: Ottoman Tunisia and Fernand Braudel · See more »
Fez
The fez (more correctly ṭarbūsh from the Persian sarpūsh) is a felt headdress in the shape of a short cylindrical peakless hat, usually red, and sometimes with a tassel attached to the top.
New!!: Ottoman Tunisia and Fez · See more »
Fiqh
Fiqh (فقه) is Islamic jurisprudence.
New!!: Ottoman Tunisia and Fiqh · See more »
First Barbary War
The First Barbary War (1801–1805), also known as the Tripolitanian War and the Barbary Coast War, was the first of two Barbary Wars, in which the United States and Sweden fought against the four North African states known collectively as the "Barbary States".
New!!: Ottoman Tunisia and First Barbary War · See more »
Flag of Tunisia
The red and white flag of Tunisia, adopted as national flag in 1959, has its origins in the naval ensign of the Kingdom of Tunis adopted in 1831 by Al-Husayn II ibn Mahmud.
New!!: Ottoman Tunisia and Flag of Tunisia · See more »
Galley
A galley is a type of ship that is propelled mainly by rowing.
New!!: Ottoman Tunisia and Galley · See more »
General History of Africa
The is a two-phase project undertaken by UNESCO from 1964 to the present.
New!!: Ottoman Tunisia and General History of Africa · See more »
Genoa
Genoa (Genova,; Zêna; English, historically, and Genua) is the capital of the Italian region of Liguria and the sixth-largest city in Italy.
New!!: Ottoman Tunisia and Genoa · See more »
Ghazi (warrior)
Ghazi (غازي) is an Arabic term originally referring to an individual who participates in ghazw (غزو), meaning military expeditions or raiding; after the emergence of Islam, it took on new connotations of religious warfare.
New!!: Ottoman Tunisia and Ghazi (warrior) · See more »
Ghilman
Ghilman (singular غُلاَم,Other standardized transliterations: /.. plural غِلْمَان)Other standardized transliterations: /..
New!!: Ottoman Tunisia and Ghilman · See more »
Granada War
The Granada War (Guerra de Granada) was a series of military campaigns between 1482 and 1492, during the reign of the Catholic Monarchs (los Reyes Católicos) Isabella I of Castile and Ferdinand II of Aragon, against the Nasrid dynasty's Emirate of Granada.
New!!: Ottoman Tunisia and Granada War · See more »
Greeks
The Greeks or Hellenes (Έλληνες, Éllines) are an ethnic group native to Greece, Cyprus, southern Albania, Italy, Turkey, Egypt and, to a lesser extent, other countries surrounding the Mediterranean Sea. They also form a significant diaspora, with Greek communities established around the world.. Greek colonies and communities have been historically established on the shores of the Mediterranean Sea and Black Sea, but the Greek people have always been centered on the Aegean and Ionian seas, where the Greek language has been spoken since the Bronze Age.. Until the early 20th century, Greeks were distributed between the Greek peninsula, the western coast of Asia Minor, the Black Sea coast, Cappadocia in central Anatolia, Egypt, the Balkans, Cyprus, and Constantinople. Many of these regions coincided to a large extent with the borders of the Byzantine Empire of the late 11th century and the Eastern Mediterranean areas of ancient Greek colonization. The cultural centers of the Greeks have included Athens, Thessalonica, Alexandria, Smyrna, and Constantinople at various periods. Most ethnic Greeks live nowadays within the borders of the modern Greek state and Cyprus. The Greek genocide and population exchange between Greece and Turkey nearly ended the three millennia-old Greek presence in Asia Minor. Other longstanding Greek populations can be found from southern Italy to the Caucasus and southern Russia and Ukraine and in the Greek diaspora communities in a number of other countries. Today, most Greeks are officially registered as members of the Greek Orthodox Church.CIA World Factbook on Greece: Greek Orthodox 98%, Greek Muslim 1.3%, other 0.7%. Greeks have greatly influenced and contributed to culture, arts, exploration, literature, philosophy, politics, architecture, music, mathematics, science and technology, business, cuisine, and sports, both historically and contemporarily.
New!!: Ottoman Tunisia and Greeks · See more »
Hafsid dynasty
The Hafsids (الحفصيون al-Ḥafṣiyūn) were a Sunni Muslim dynasty of Berber descent who ruled Ifriqiya (western Libya, Tunisia, and eastern Algeria) from 1229 to 1574.
New!!: Ottoman Tunisia and Hafsid dynasty · See more »
Haji Bektash Veli
Haji Bektash Veli or Ḥājī Baktāsh Walī (حاجی بکتاش ولی Ḥājī Baktāš Walī; Hacı Bektaş-ı Veli) was an Alevi Muslim mystic, saint, Sayyid, humanist, and philosopher, who lived from 1209 to 1271.
New!!: Ottoman Tunisia and Haji Bektash Veli · See more »
Hammuda ibn Ali
Hammuda ibn Ali (9 December 1759 – 15 September 1814) (أبو محمد حمودة باش) was the fifth leader of the Husainid dynasty and the ruler of Tunisia from May 26, 1782 until his death on September 15, 1814.
New!!: Ottoman Tunisia and Hammuda ibn Ali · See more »
Hanafi
The Hanafi (حنفي) school is one of the four religious Sunni Islamic schools of jurisprudence (fiqh).
New!!: Ottoman Tunisia and Hanafi · See more »
Hayreddin Barbarossa
Hayreddin Barbarossa (Arabic: Khayr ad-Din Barbarus خير الدين بربروس), (Ariadenus Barbarussa), or Barbarossa Hayreddin Pasha (Barbaros Hayreddin (Hayrettin) Paşa or Hızır Hayreddin (Hayrettin) Paşa; also Hızır Reis before being promoted to the rank of Pasha and becoming the Kapudan Pasha), born Khizr or Khidr (Turkish: Hızır; c. 1478 – 4 July 1546), was an Ottoman admiral of the fleet who was born on the island of Lesbos and died in Constantinople, the Ottoman capital.
New!!: Ottoman Tunisia and Hayreddin Barbarossa · See more »
Head of state
A head of state (or chief of state) is the public persona that officially represents the national unity and legitimacy of a sovereign state.
New!!: Ottoman Tunisia and Head of state · See more »
Henry Kamen
Henry A. Kamen (born 1936 in Rangoon) is a British historian, who has published extensively on Europe, Spain, and the Spanish Empire.
New!!: Ottoman Tunisia and Henry Kamen · See more »
History of Africa
The history of Africa begins with the emergence of hominids, archaic humans and – around 5.6 to 7.5 million years ago.
New!!: Ottoman Tunisia and History of Africa · See more »
History of French-era Tunisia
The History of French-era Tunisia commenced in 1881 with the French protectorate and ended in 1956 with Tunisian independence.
New!!: Ottoman Tunisia and History of French-era Tunisia · See more »
History of medieval Tunisia
The medieval era of Tunisia starts with what will eventually return Ifriqiya (Tunisia, and the entire Maghrib) to local Berber rule.
New!!: Ottoman Tunisia and History of medieval Tunisia · See more »
History of modern Tunisia
In its modern history, Tunisia is a sovereign republic, called the al-Jumhuriyyah at-Tunisiyyah.
New!!: Ottoman Tunisia and History of modern Tunisia · See more »
History of the United States Navy
The history of the United States Navy divides into two major periods: the "Old Navy", a small but respected force of sailing ships that was also notable for innovation in the use of ironclads during the American Civil War, and the "New Navy", the result of a modernization effort that began in the 1880s and made it the largest in the world by the 1920s.
New!!: Ottoman Tunisia and History of the United States Navy · See more »
History of Tunisia
The present day Republic of Tunisia, al-Jumhuriyyah at-Tunisiyyah, has over ten million citizens, almost all of Arab-Berber descent.
New!!: Ottoman Tunisia and History of Tunisia · See more »
Holy Roman Empire
The Holy Roman Empire (Sacrum Romanum Imperium; Heiliges Römisches Reich) was a multi-ethnic but mostly German complex of territories in central Europe that developed during the Early Middle Ages and continued until its dissolution in 1806.
New!!: Ottoman Tunisia and Holy Roman Empire · See more »
Hurufism
Hurufism (حروفية hurufiyya, adjective form hurufi literal meaning "letters") was a Sufi doctrine, which was born in Astrabad and spread in areas of western Persia and Anatolia in later 14th – early 15th century.
New!!: Ottoman Tunisia and Hurufism · See more »
Husainid dynasty
The Husainid dynasty is a former ruling dynasty of Tunisia, which was of Cretan Turkish origin.
New!!: Ottoman Tunisia and Husainid dynasty · See more »
Ifriqiya
Ifriqiya or Ifriqiyah or el-Maghrib el-Adna (Lower West) was the area during medieval history that comprises what is today Tunisia, Tripolitania (western Libya) and the Constantinois (eastern Algeria); all part of what was previously included in the Africa Province of the Roman Empire.
New!!: Ottoman Tunisia and Ifriqiya · See more »
Istanbul
Istanbul (or or; İstanbul), historically known as Constantinople and Byzantium, is the most populous city in Turkey and the country's economic, cultural, and historic center.
New!!: Ottoman Tunisia and Istanbul · See more »
Italian Tunisians
Italian Tunisians (or Italians of Tunisia) are Tunisians of Italian descent.
New!!: Ottoman Tunisia and Italian Tunisians · See more »
Janissaries
The Janissaries (يڭيچرى, meaning "new soldier") were elite infantry units that formed the Ottoman Sultan's household troops, bodyguards and the first modern standing army in Europe.
New!!: Ottoman Tunisia and Janissaries · See more »
Jijel
Jijel (جيجل, or Djidjelli) is the capital of Jijel Province in north-eastern Algeria.
New!!: Ottoman Tunisia and Jijel · See more »
John of Austria
John of Austria (Juan, Johann; 24 February 1547 – 1 October 1578) was an illegitimate son of Holy Roman Emperor Charles V. He became a military leader in the service of his half-brother, King Philip II of Spain, and is best known for his role as the admiral of the Holy Alliance fleet at the Battle of Lepanto.
New!!: Ottoman Tunisia and John of Austria · See more »
Judaism
Judaism (originally from Hebrew, Yehudah, "Judah"; via Latin and Greek) is the religion of the Jewish people.
New!!: Ottoman Tunisia and Judaism · See more »
Judeo-Tunisian Arabic
Judeo-Tunisian Arabic, also known as Djerbian Arabic, is a variety of Tunisian Arabic mainly spoken by Jews living or formerly living in Tunisia.
New!!: Ottoman Tunisia and Judeo-Tunisian Arabic · See more »
Kabyle people
The Kabyle people (Kabyle: Iqbayliyen) are a Berber ethnic group indigenous to Kabylia in the north of Algeria, spread across the Atlas Mountains, one hundred miles east of Algiers.
New!!: Ottoman Tunisia and Kabyle people · See more »
Kairouan
Kairouan (القيروان, also known as al-Qayrawan), is the capital of the Kairouan Governorate in Tunisia.
New!!: Ottoman Tunisia and Kairouan · See more »
Kapudan Pasha
The Kapudan Pasha (قپودان پاشا, modern Turkish: Kaptan Paşa), was the Grand Admiral of the navy of the Ottoman Empire.
New!!: Ottoman Tunisia and Kapudan Pasha · See more »
Kasbah
A kasbah (qaṣbah, "central part of a town or citadel"; also known as qasaba, gasaba and quasabeh, in older English casbah or qasbah, in India qassabah and in Spanish alcazaba (remains of the Moorish Spain)) is a type of medina or fortress (citadel).
New!!: Ottoman Tunisia and Kasbah · See more »
Khawarij
The Khawarij (الخوارج, al-Khawārij, singular خارجي, khāriji), Kharijites, or the ash-Shurah (ash-Shurāh "the Exchangers") are members of a school of thought, that appeared in the first century of Islam during the First Fitna, the crisis of leadership after the death of Muhammad.
New!!: Ottoman Tunisia and Khawarij · See more »
Kingdom of Naples
The Kingdom of Naples (Regnum Neapolitanum; Reino de Nápoles; Regno di Napoli) comprised that part of the Italian Peninsula south of the Papal States between 1282 and 1816.
New!!: Ottoman Tunisia and Kingdom of Naples · See more »
Kingdom of Tlemcen
The Kingdom of Tlemcen or Zayyanid Kingdom of Tlemcen (ⵉⵣⵉⴰⵏⵉⴻⵏ, الزيانيون) was a Berber kingdom in what is now the northwest of Algeria.
New!!: Ottoman Tunisia and Kingdom of Tlemcen · See more »
Knights Hospitaller
The Order of Knights of the Hospital of Saint John of Jerusalem (Ordo Fratrum Hospitalis Sancti Ioannis Hierosolymitani), also known as the Order of Saint John, Order of Hospitallers, Knights Hospitaller, Knights Hospitalier or Hospitallers, was a medieval Catholic military order.
New!!: Ottoman Tunisia and Knights Hospitaller · See more »
Koca Sinan Pasha
Koca Sinan Pasha (Koca Sinan Paşa, "Sinan the Great"; 1506–3 April 1596) was an Ottoman Grand Vizier, military figure, and statesman.
New!!: Ottoman Tunisia and Koca Sinan Pasha · See more »
Kouloughlis
Kouloughlis, also spelled Koulouglis, Cologhlis and Qulaughlis (from Turkish kuloğlu "children of servants" or "children of slaves", from kul "servant/slave" + oğlu "son of") was a term used during the Ottoman period to designate the mixed offspring of Turkish men and local North African women (i.e. Berber, Arab or Arab-Berber), situated in the western and central coastal regions in the Barbary coast (i.e. in Algeria, Libya, and Tunisia). The phrase comes from the fact that the rulers of the Ottoman Empire conquered much of Arab world and sent Turkish people to the conquered lands. Whilst the terminology was commonly used in Ottoman Algeria, Ottoman Libya, and Ottoman Tunisia, it was not used in Ottoman Egypt to refer to Turco-Egyptians. Today, the descendants of the Kouloughlis have largely integrated into their local societies after independence, however, they still maintain some of their cultural traditions (particularly food); they also continue to practice the Hanafi school of Islam (in contrast to the ethnic Arabs and Berbers who practice the Maliki school), and uphold their Turkish origin surnames.
New!!: Ottoman Tunisia and Kouloughlis · See more »
La Goulette
La Goulette (حلق الوادي, La Goletta) is the port of Tunis, the capital of Tunisia.
New!!: Ottoman Tunisia and La Goulette · See more »
Land tenure
In common law systems, land tenure is the legal regime in which land is owned by an individual, who is said to "hold" the land.
New!!: Ottoman Tunisia and Land tenure · See more »
Letter of marque
A letter of marque and reprisal (lettre de marque; lettre de course) was a government license in the Age of Sail that authorized a person, known as a privateer or corsair, to attack and capture enemy vessels.
New!!: Ottoman Tunisia and Letter of marque · See more »
List of Beys of Tunis
The Beys of Tunis were the monarchs of Tunisia from 1705, when the Husainid dynasty acceded to the throne, until 1957, when monarchy was abolished.
New!!: Ottoman Tunisia and List of Beys of Tunis · See more »
Madrasa
Madrasa (مدرسة,, pl. مدارس) is the Arabic word for any type of educational institution, whether secular or religious (of any religion), and whether a school, college, or university.
New!!: Ottoman Tunisia and Madrasa · See more »
Maghreb
The Maghreb (al-Maɣréb lit.), also known as the Berber world, Barbary, Berbery, and Northwest Africa, is a major region of North Africa that consists primarily of the countries Algeria, Morocco, Tunisia, Libya and Mauritania.
New!!: Ottoman Tunisia and Maghreb · See more »
Maghrib prayer
The Maghrib prayer (صلاة المغرب, '"West prayer"), prayed just after sunset, is the fourth of five obligatory daily prayers (salat) performed by practicing Muslims.
New!!: Ottoman Tunisia and Maghrib prayer · See more »
Mahmud II
Mahmud II (Ottoman Turkish: محمود ثانى Mahmud-u sānī, محمود عدلى Mahmud-u Âdlî) (İkinci Mahmut) (20 July 1785 – 1 July 1839) was the 30th Sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1808 until his death in 1839.
New!!: Ottoman Tunisia and Mahmud II · See more »
Maliki
The (مالكي) school is one of the four major madhhab of Islamic jurisprudence within Sunni Islam.
New!!: Ottoman Tunisia and Maliki · See more »
Mamluk
Mamluk (Arabic: مملوك mamlūk (singular), مماليك mamālīk (plural), meaning "property", also transliterated as mamlouk, mamluq, mamluke, mameluk, mameluke, mamaluke or marmeluke) is an Arabic designation for slaves.
New!!: Ottoman Tunisia and Mamluk · See more »
Mamluk Sultanate (Cairo)
The Mamluk Sultanate (سلطنة المماليك Salṭanat al-Mamālīk) was a medieval realm spanning Egypt, the Levant, and Hejaz.
New!!: Ottoman Tunisia and Mamluk Sultanate (Cairo) · See more »
Marabout
A marabout (lit) is a Muslim religious leader and teacher in West Africa, and (historically) in the Maghreb.
New!!: Ottoman Tunisia and Marabout · See more »
Marinid dynasty
The Marinid dynasty (Berber: Imrinen, المرينيون Marīniyūn) or Banu abd al-Haqq was a Sunni Muslim dynasty of Zenata Berber descent that ruled Morocco from the 13th to the 15th century.
New!!: Ottoman Tunisia and Marinid dynasty · See more »
Mercantilism
Mercantilism is a national economic policy designed to maximize the trade of a nation and, historically, to maximize the accumulation of gold and silver (as well as crops).
New!!: Ottoman Tunisia and Mercantilism · See more »
Merchant
A merchant is a person who trades in commodities produced by other people.
New!!: Ottoman Tunisia and Merchant · See more »
Merchant navy
A merchant navy or merchant marine is the fleet of merchant vessels that are registered in a specific country.
New!!: Ottoman Tunisia and Merchant navy · See more »
Mers El Kébir
Mers El Kébir (المرسى الكبير, "The Great Harbor") is a port on the Mediterranean Sea, near Oran in Oran Province, northwest Algeria.
New!!: Ottoman Tunisia and Mers El Kébir · See more »
Miguel de Cervantes
Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra (29 September 1547 (assumed)23 April 1616 NS) was a Spanish writer who is widely regarded as the greatest writer in the Spanish language and one of the world's pre-eminent novelists.
New!!: Ottoman Tunisia and Miguel de Cervantes · See more »
Military history of France
The military history of France encompasses an immense panorama of conflicts and struggles extending for more than 2,000 years across areas including modern France, the European continent, and a variety of regions throughout the world.
New!!: Ottoman Tunisia and Military history of France · See more »
Modernism
Modernism is a philosophical movement that, along with cultural trends and changes, arose from wide-scale and far-reaching transformations in Western society during the late 19th and early 20th centuries.
New!!: Ottoman Tunisia and Modernism · See more »
Monopoly
A monopoly (from Greek μόνος mónos and πωλεῖν pōleîn) exists when a specific person or enterprise is the only supplier of a particular commodity.
New!!: Ottoman Tunisia and Monopoly · See more »
Morisco
Moriscos (mouriscos,; meaning "Moorish") were former Muslims who converted or were coerced into converting to Christianity, after Spain finally outlawed the open practice of Islam by its sizeable Muslim population (termed mudéjar) in the early 16th century.
New!!: Ottoman Tunisia and Morisco · See more »
Morocco
Morocco (officially known as the Kingdom of Morocco, is a unitary sovereign state located in the Maghreb region of North Africa. It is one of the native homelands of the indigenous Berber people. Geographically, Morocco is characterised by a rugged mountainous interior, large tracts of desert and a lengthy coastline along the Atlantic Ocean and Mediterranean Sea. Morocco has a population of over 33.8 million and an area of. Its capital is Rabat, and the largest city is Casablanca. Other major cities include Marrakesh, Tangier, Salé, Fes, Meknes and Oujda. A historically prominent regional power, Morocco has a history of independence not shared by its neighbours. Since the foundation of the first Moroccan state by Idris I in 788 AD, the country has been ruled by a series of independent dynasties, reaching its zenith under the Almoravid dynasty and Almohad dynasty, spanning parts of Iberia and northwestern Africa. The Marinid and Saadi dynasties continued the struggle against foreign domination, and Morocco remained the only North African country to avoid Ottoman occupation. The Alaouite dynasty, the current ruling dynasty, seized power in 1631. In 1912, Morocco was divided into French and Spanish protectorates, with an international zone in Tangier, and regained its independence in 1956. Moroccan culture is a blend of Berber, Arab, West African and European influences. Morocco claims the non-self-governing territory of Western Sahara, formerly Spanish Sahara, as its Southern Provinces. After Spain agreed to decolonise the territory to Morocco and Mauritania in 1975, a guerrilla war arose with local forces. Mauritania relinquished its claim in 1979, and the war lasted until a cease-fire in 1991. Morocco currently occupies two thirds of the territory, and peace processes have thus far failed to break the political deadlock. Morocco is a constitutional monarchy with an elected parliament. The King of Morocco holds vast executive and legislative powers, especially over the military, foreign policy and religious affairs. Executive power is exercised by the government, while legislative power is vested in both the government and the two chambers of parliament, the Assembly of Representatives and the Assembly of Councillors. The king can issue decrees called dahirs, which have the force of law. He can also dissolve the parliament after consulting the Prime Minister and the president of the constitutional court. Morocco's predominant religion is Islam, and the official languages are Arabic and Berber, with Berber being the native language of Morocco before the Arab conquest in the 600s AD. The Moroccan dialect of Arabic, referred to as Darija, and French are also widely spoken. Morocco is a member of the Arab League, the Union for the Mediterranean and the African Union. It has the fifth largest economy of Africa.
New!!: Ottoman Tunisia and Morocco · See more »
Mudéjar
Mudéjar (Mudèjar, مدجن trans. Mudajjan, "tamed; domesticated") is also the name given to Moors or Muslims of Al-Andalus who remained in Iberia after the Christian Reconquista but were not initially forcibly converted to Christianity.
New!!: Ottoman Tunisia and Mudéjar · See more »
Mughal Empire
The Mughal Empire (گورکانیان, Gūrkāniyān)) or Mogul Empire was an empire in the Indian subcontinent, founded in 1526. It was established and ruled by a Muslim dynasty with Turco-Mongol Chagatai roots from Central Asia, but with significant Indian Rajput and Persian ancestry through marriage alliances; only the first two Mughal emperors were fully Central Asian, while successive emperors were of predominantly Rajput and Persian ancestry. The dynasty was Indo-Persian in culture, combining Persianate culture with local Indian cultural influences visible in its traits and customs. The Mughal Empire at its peak extended over nearly all of the Indian subcontinent and parts of Afghanistan. It was the second largest empire to have existed in the Indian subcontinent, spanning approximately four million square kilometres at its zenith, after only the Maurya Empire, which spanned approximately five million square kilometres. The Mughal Empire ushered in a period of proto-industrialization, and around the 17th century, Mughal India became the world's largest economic power, accounting for 24.4% of world GDP, and the world leader in manufacturing, producing 25% of global industrial output up until the 18th century. The Mughal Empire is considered "India's last golden age" and one of the three Islamic Gunpowder Empires (along with the Ottoman Empire and Safavid Persia). The beginning of the empire is conventionally dated to the victory by its founder Babur over Ibrahim Lodi, the last ruler of the Delhi Sultanate, in the First Battle of Panipat (1526). The Mughal emperors had roots in the Turco-Mongol Timurid dynasty of Central Asia, claiming direct descent from both Genghis Khan (founder of the Mongol Empire, through his son Chagatai Khan) and Timur (Turco-Mongol conqueror who founded the Timurid Empire). During the reign of Humayun, the successor of Babur, the empire was briefly interrupted by the Sur Empire. The "classic period" of the Mughal Empire started in 1556 with the ascension of Akbar the Great to the throne. Under the rule of Akbar and his son Jahangir, the region enjoyed economic progress as well as religious harmony, and the monarchs were interested in local religious and cultural traditions. Akbar was a successful warrior who also forged alliances with several Hindu Rajput kingdoms. Some Rajput kingdoms continued to pose a significant threat to the Mughal dominance of northwestern India, but most of them were subdued by Akbar. All Mughal emperors were Muslims; Akbar, however, propounded a syncretic religion in the latter part of his life called Dīn-i Ilāhī, as recorded in historical books like Ain-i-Akbari and Dabistān-i Mazāhib. The Mughal Empire did not try to intervene in the local societies during most of its existence, but rather balanced and pacified them through new administrative practices and diverse and inclusive ruling elites, leading to more systematic, centralised, and uniform rule. Traditional and newly coherent social groups in northern and western India, such as the Maratha Empire|Marathas, the Rajputs, the Pashtuns, the Hindu Jats and the Sikhs, gained military and governing ambitions during Mughal rule, which, through collaboration or adversity, gave them both recognition and military experience. The reign of Shah Jahan, the fifth emperor, between 1628 and 1658, was the zenith of Mughal architecture. He erected several large monuments, the best known of which is the Taj Mahal at Agra, as well as the Moti Masjid, Agra, the Red Fort, the Badshahi Mosque, the Jama Masjid, Delhi, and the Lahore Fort. The Mughal Empire reached the zenith of its territorial expanse during the reign of Aurangzeb and also started its terminal decline in his reign due to Maratha military resurgence under Category:History of Bengal Category:History of West Bengal Category:History of Bangladesh Category:History of Kolkata Category:Empires and kingdoms of Afghanistan Category:Medieval India Category:Historical Turkic states Category:Mongol states Category:1526 establishments in the Mughal Empire Category:1857 disestablishments in the Mughal Empire Category:History of Pakistan.
New!!: Ottoman Tunisia and Mughal Empire · See more »
Muhammad Ali of Egypt
Muhammad Ali Pasha al-Mas'ud ibn Agha (محمد علی پاشا المسعود بن آغا; محمد علي باشا / ALA-LC: Muḥammad ‘Alī Bāshā; Albanian: Mehmet Ali Pasha; Turkish: Kavalalı Mehmet Ali Paşa; 4 March 1769 – 2 August 1849) was an Ottoman Albanian commander in the Ottoman army, who rose to the rank of Pasha, and became Wāli, and self-declared Khedive of Egypt and Sudan with the Ottomans' temporary approval.
New!!: Ottoman Tunisia and Muhammad Ali of Egypt · See more »
Muhammad I ar-Rashid
Muhammad I ar-Rashid (أبو عبد الله محمد الرشيد باي; 1710 – 12 February 1759) was the third leader of the Husainid Dynasty and the ruler of Tunisia from 1756 until his death.
New!!: Ottoman Tunisia and Muhammad I ar-Rashid · See more »
Murad I Bey
Murad Bey (مراد الأول), died 1631Ibn Abi Dhiaf, Présent des hommes de notre temps.
New!!: Ottoman Tunisia and Murad I Bey · See more »
Music of Turkey
The music of Turkey includes mainly Turkic elements as well as partial influences ranging from Central Asian folk music, Arabic music, Greek music, Ottoman music, Persian music and Balkan music, as well as references to more modern European and American popular music.
New!!: Ottoman Tunisia and Music of Turkey · See more »
Occhiali
Occhiali (Giovanni Dionigi Galeni or Giovan Dionigi Galeni, also Uluj Ali, Uluç Ali Reis, later Uluç Ali Paşa and finally Kılıç Ali Paşa; 1519 – 21 June 1587) was an Italian farmer, then Ottoman privateer and admiral, who later became beylerbey of the Regency of Algiers, and finally Grand Admiral (Kapudan Pasha) of the Ottoman fleet in the 16th century.
New!!: Ottoman Tunisia and Occhiali · See more »
Occitan language
Occitan, also known as lenga d'òc (langue d'oc) by its native speakers, is a Romance language.
New!!: Ottoman Tunisia and Occitan language · See more »
Oran
Oran (وَهران, Wahrān; Berber language: ⵡⴻⵂⵔⴰⵏ, Wehran) is a major coastal city located in the north-west of Algeria.
New!!: Ottoman Tunisia and Oran · See more »
Order of the Blessed Virgin Mary of Mercy
The Royal, Celestial and Military Order of Our Lady of Mercy and the Redemption of the Captives (Ordo Beatae Mariae de Mercede Redemptionis Captivorum, abbreviated O. de M.), also known as the Mercedarians, is a Catholic mendicant order established in 1218 by St. Peter Nolasco in the city of Barcelona, at that time in the Principality of Catalonia (Crown of Aragon), for the redemption of Christian captives.
New!!: Ottoman Tunisia and Order of the Blessed Virgin Mary of Mercy · See more »
Oruç Reis
Oruç Reis (Oruç Reis; عروج ريس; Arrudye; 1474–1518) was an Ottoman bey (governor) of Algiers and beylerbey (chief governor) of the West Mediterranean, and the elder brother of Hayreddin Barbarossa.
New!!: Ottoman Tunisia and Oruç Reis · See more »
Ottoman Caliphate
The Ottoman Caliphate (1517–1924), under the Ottoman dynasty of the Ottoman Empire, was the last Sunni Islamic caliphate of the late medieval and the early modern era.
New!!: Ottoman Tunisia and Ottoman Caliphate · See more »
Ottoman Empire
The Ottoman Empire (دولت عليه عثمانیه,, literally The Exalted Ottoman State; Modern Turkish: Osmanlı İmparatorluğu or Osmanlı Devleti), also historically known in Western Europe as the Turkish Empire"The Ottoman Empire-also known in Europe as the Turkish Empire" or simply Turkey, was a state that controlled much of Southeast Europe, Western Asia and North Africa between the 14th and early 20th centuries.
New!!: Ottoman Tunisia and Ottoman Empire · See more »
Ottoman Hungary
Ottoman Hungary was the territory of southern Medieval Hungary which was ruled by the Ottoman Empire from 1541 to 1699.
New!!: Ottoman Tunisia and Ottoman Hungary · See more »
Ottoman Navy
The Ottoman Navy (Osmanlı Donanması or Donanma-yı Humâyûn), also known as the Ottoman Fleet, was established in the early 14th century after the Ottoman Empire first expanded to reach the sea in 1323 by capturing Karamürsel, the site of the first Ottoman naval shipyard and the nucleus of the future Navy.
New!!: Ottoman Tunisia and Ottoman Navy · See more »
Ottoman Tripolitania
The coastal region of what is today Libya was ruled by the Ottoman Empire from 1551 to 1911, as the Eyalet of Tripolitania (ایالت طرابلس غرب Eyālet-i Trâblus Gârb) or Bey and Subjects of Tripoli of Barbary from 1551 to 1864 and as the Vilayet of Tripolitania (ولايت طرابلس غرب Vilâyet-i Trâblus Gârb) from 1864 to 1911.
New!!: Ottoman Tunisia and Ottoman Tripolitania · See more »
Ottoman Turkish language
Ottoman Turkish (Osmanlı Türkçesi), or the Ottoman language (Ottoman Turkish:, lisân-ı Osmânî, also known as, Türkçe or, Türkî, "Turkish"; Osmanlıca), is the variety of the Turkish language that was used in the Ottoman Empire.
New!!: Ottoman Tunisia and Ottoman Turkish language · See more »
Pan-Arabism
Pan-Arabism, or simply Arabism, is an ideology espousing the unification of the countries of North Africa and West Asia from the Atlantic Ocean to the Arabian Sea, referred to as the Arab world.
New!!: Ottoman Tunisia and Pan-Arabism · See more »
Pan-Islamism
Pan-Islamism (الوحدة الإسلامية) is a political movement advocating the unity of Muslims under one Islamic state – often a Caliphate – or an international organization with Islamic principles.
New!!: Ottoman Tunisia and Pan-Islamism · See more »
Pan-Turkism
Pan-Turkism is a movement which emerged during the 1880s among Turkic intellectuals of Azerbaijan (part of the Russian Empire at the time) and the Ottoman Empire (modern day Turkey), with its aim being the cultural and political unification of all Turkic peoples.
New!!: Ottoman Tunisia and Pan-Turkism · See more »
Pasha
Pasha or Paşa (پاشا, paşa), in older works sometimes anglicized as bashaw, was a higher rank in the Ottoman political and military system, typically granted to governors, generals, dignitaries and others.
New!!: Ottoman Tunisia and Pasha · See more »
Persian language
Persian, also known by its endonym Farsi (فارسی), is one of the Western Iranian languages within the Indo-Iranian branch of the Indo-European language family.
New!!: Ottoman Tunisia and Persian language · See more »
Philip II of Spain
Philip II (Felipe II; 21 May 1527 – 13 September 1598), called "the Prudent" (el Prudente), was King of Spain (1556–98), King of Portugal (1581–98, as Philip I, Filipe I), King of Naples and Sicily (both from 1554), and jure uxoris King of England and Ireland (during his marriage to Queen Mary I from 1554–58).
New!!: Ottoman Tunisia and Philip II of Spain · See more »
Piracy
Piracy is an act of robbery or criminal violence by ship or boat-borne attackers upon another ship or a coastal area, typically with the goal of stealing cargo and other valuable items or properties.
New!!: Ottoman Tunisia and Piracy · See more »
Presidio
A presidio (from the Spanish, presidio, meaning "jail" or "fortification") is a fortified base established by the Spanish in areas under their control or influence.
New!!: Ottoman Tunisia and Presidio · See more »
Privateer
A privateer is a private person or ship that engages in maritime warfare under a commission of war.
New!!: Ottoman Tunisia and Privateer · See more »
Prize (law)
Prize is a term used in admiralty law to refer to equipment, vehicles, vessels, and cargo captured during armed conflict.
New!!: Ottoman Tunisia and Prize (law) · See more »
Profit (accounting)
Profit, in accounting, is an income distributed to the owner in a profitable market production process (business).
New!!: Ottoman Tunisia and Profit (accounting) · See more »
Qadi
A qadi (قاضي; also cadi, kadi or kazi) is the magistrate or judge of the Shariʿa court, who also exercises extrajudicial functions, such as mediation, guardianship over orphans and minors, and supervision and auditing of public works.
New!!: Ottoman Tunisia and Qadi · See more »
Qanun (law)
Qanun is an Arabic word (قانون, qānūn; قانون, kānūn, derived from κανών kanōn, which is also the root for the modern English word "canon").
New!!: Ottoman Tunisia and Qanun (law) · See more »
Rebellion of the Alpujarras (1568–71)
The rebellion of the Alpujarras of 1568–71, sometimes called the War of the Alpujarras or the Morisco Revolt, was the second such revolt against the Castilian Crown in the mountainous Alpujarra region.
New!!: Ottoman Tunisia and Rebellion of the Alpujarras (1568–71) · See more »
Reconquista
The Reconquista (Spanish and Portuguese for the "reconquest") is a name used to describe the period in the history of the Iberian Peninsula of about 780 years between the Umayyad conquest of Hispania in 711 and the fall of the Nasrid kingdom of Granada to the expanding Christian kingdoms in 1492.
New!!: Ottoman Tunisia and Reconquista · See more »
Revolutions of Tunis
The Revolutions of Tunis or the Muradid War of Succession was a period of troubles and civil wars in Ottoman Tunisia.
New!!: Ottoman Tunisia and Revolutions of Tunis · See more »
Richard A. Fletcher
Richard Alexander Fletcher (born York 28 March 1944: died Nunnington 28 February 2005) was a historian who specialized in the medieval period.
New!!: Ottoman Tunisia and Richard A. Fletcher · See more »
Russian Empire
The Russian Empire (Российская Империя) or Russia was an empire that existed across Eurasia and North America from 1721, following the end of the Great Northern War, until the Republic was proclaimed by the Provisional Government that took power after the February Revolution of 1917.
New!!: Ottoman Tunisia and Russian Empire · See more »
S. M. Ikram
Sheikh Muhammad Ikram (Urdu: شیخ محمد اکرام; b. 10 September 1908 – 17 January 1973) better known as S. M. Ikram, was a Pakistani historian, biographer, and littérateur.
New!!: Ottoman Tunisia and S. M. Ikram · See more »
Saadi dynasty
The Saadi dynasty or Saadian dynasty (السعديون as-saʿadiūn; ⵉⵙⵄⴷⵉⵢⵏ Isɛdiyen) was an arab Moroccan dynasty, which ruled Morocco from 1549 to 1659.
New!!: Ottoman Tunisia and Saadi dynasty · See more »
Sayyid
Sayyid (also spelt Syed, Saiyed,Seyit,Seyd, Said, Sayed, Sayyed, Saiyid, Seyed and Seyyed) (سيد,; meaning "Mister"; plural سادة) is an honorific title denoting people (سيدة for females) accepted as descendants of the Islamic prophet Muhammad through his grandsons, Hasan ibn Ali and Husayn ibn Ali (combined Hasnain), sons of Muhammad's daughter Fatimah and son-in-law Ali (Ali ibn Abi Talib).
New!!: Ottoman Tunisia and Sayyid · See more »
Second Barbary War
The Second Barbary War (1815) was fought between the United States and the North African Barbary Coast states of Tripoli, Tunis, and Ottoman Algeria.
New!!: Ottoman Tunisia and Second Barbary War · See more »
Seraglio
A seraglio or serail is the sequestered living quarters used by wives and concubines in an Ottoman household.
New!!: Ottoman Tunisia and Seraglio · See more »
Sharia
Sharia, Sharia law, or Islamic law (شريعة) is the religious law forming part of the Islamic tradition.
New!!: Ottoman Tunisia and Sharia · See more »
Sheikh
Sheikh (pronounced, or; شيخ, mostly pronounced, plural شيوخ)—also transliterated Sheik, Shykh, Shaik, Shayk, Shaykh, Cheikh, Shekh, and Shaikh—is an honorific title in the Arabic language.
New!!: Ottoman Tunisia and Sheikh · See more »
Slavery on the Barbary Coast
Slavery on the Barbary Coast (see Barbary slave trade) was a form of unfree labour which existed between the 16th and 18th centuries in the Barbary Coast area of North Africa.
New!!: Ottoman Tunisia and Slavery on the Barbary Coast · See more »
Spanish language
Spanish or Castilian, is a Western Romance language that originated in the Castile region of Spain and today has hundreds of millions of native speakers in Latin America and Spain.
New!!: Ottoman Tunisia and Spanish language · See more »
Stanford J. Shaw
Stanford Jay Shaw (May 5, 1930 – December 16, 2006) was an American historian, best known for his works on the late Ottoman Empire, Turkish Jews, and the early Turkish Republic.
New!!: Ottoman Tunisia and Stanford J. Shaw · See more »
Stanley Lane-Poole
Stanley Edward Lane-Poole (18 December 1854 – 29 December 1931) was a British orientalist and archaeologist.
New!!: Ottoman Tunisia and Stanley Lane-Poole · See more »
Steppe
In physical geography, a steppe (p) is an ecoregion, in the montane grasslands and shrublands and temperate grasslands, savannas and shrublands biomes, characterized by grassland plains without trees apart from those near rivers and lakes.
New!!: Ottoman Tunisia and Steppe · See more »
Sublime Porte
The Sublime Porte, also known as the Ottoman Porte or High Porte (باب عالی Bāb-ı Ālī or Babıali, from باب, bāb "gate" and عالي, alī "high"), is a synecdochic metonym for the central government of the Ottoman Empire.
New!!: Ottoman Tunisia and Sublime Porte · See more »
Suleiman the Magnificent
|spouse.
New!!: Ottoman Tunisia and Suleiman the Magnificent · See more »
Sultan
Sultan (سلطان) is a position with several historical meanings.
New!!: Ottoman Tunisia and Sultan · See more »
Sultanate of Rum
The Sultanate of Rûm (also known as the Rûm sultanate (سلجوقیان روم, Saljuqiyān-e Rum), Anatolian Seljuk Sultanate, Sultanate of Iconium, Anatolian Seljuk State (Anadolu Selçuklu Devleti) or Turkey Seljuk State (Türkiye Selçuklu Devleti)) was a Turko-Persian Sunni Muslim state established in the parts of Anatolia which had been conquered from the Byzantine Empire by the Seljuk Empire, which was established by the Seljuk Turks.
New!!: Ottoman Tunisia and Sultanate of Rum · See more »
Sunni Islam
Sunni Islam is the largest denomination of Islam.
New!!: Ottoman Tunisia and Sunni Islam · See more »
Tanzimat
The Tanzimât (lit) was a period of reform in the Ottoman Empire that began in 1839 and ended with the First Constitutional Era in 1876.
New!!: Ottoman Tunisia and Tanzimat · See more »
Tlemcen
Tlemcen (تلمسان Tlemsan; ⵜⵍⴻⵎⵙⴰⵏ) is a city in north-western Algeria, and the capital of the province of the same name.
New!!: Ottoman Tunisia and Tlemcen · See more »
Topkapı Palace
The Topkapı Palace (Topkapı Sarayı or in طوپقپو سرايى, Ṭopḳapu Sarāyı), or the Seraglio, is a large museum in Istanbul, Turkey.
New!!: Ottoman Tunisia and Topkapı Palace · See more »
Trinitarian Order
The Order of the Most Holy Trinity and of the Captives (Ordo Sanctissimae Trinitatis et captivorum), often shortened to The Order of the Most Holy Trinity (Ordo Sanctissimae Trinitatis), or Trinitarians, is a Catholic religious order that was founded in the area of Cerfroid, some 80 km northeast of Paris, at the end of the twelfth century.
New!!: Ottoman Tunisia and Trinitarian Order · See more »
Tripoli
Tripoli (طرابلس,; Berber: Oea, or Wy't) is the capital city and the largest city of Libya, with a population of about 1.1 million people in 2015.
New!!: Ottoman Tunisia and Tripoli · See more »
Trojan Horse
The Trojan Horse is a tale from the Trojan War about the subterfuge that the Greeks used to enter the independent city of Troy and win the war.
New!!: Ottoman Tunisia and Trojan Horse · See more »
Tunis
Tunis (تونس) is the capital and the largest city of Tunisia.
New!!: Ottoman Tunisia and Tunis · See more »
Tunisia
Tunisia (تونس; Berber: Tunes, ⵜⵓⵏⴻⵙ; Tunisie), officially the Republic of Tunisia, (الجمهورية التونسية) is a sovereign state in Northwest Africa, covering. Its northernmost point, Cape Angela, is the northernmost point on the African continent. It is bordered by Algeria to the west and southwest, Libya to the southeast, and the Mediterranean Sea to the north and east. Tunisia's population was estimated to be just under 11.93 million in 2016. Tunisia's name is derived from its capital city, Tunis, which is located on its northeast coast. Geographically, Tunisia contains the eastern end of the Atlas Mountains, and the northern reaches of the Sahara desert. Much of the rest of the country's land is fertile soil. Its of coastline include the African conjunction of the western and eastern parts of the Mediterranean Basin and, by means of the Sicilian Strait and Sardinian Channel, feature the African mainland's second and third nearest points to Europe after Gibraltar. Tunisia is a unitary semi-presidential representative democratic republic. It is considered to be the only full democracy in the Arab World. It has a high human development index. It has an association agreement with the European Union; is a member of La Francophonie, the Union for the Mediterranean, the Arab Maghreb Union, the Arab League, the OIC, the Greater Arab Free Trade Area, the Community of Sahel-Saharan States, the African Union, the Non-Aligned Movement, the Group of 77; and has obtained the status of major non-NATO ally of the United States. In addition, Tunisia is also a member state of the United Nations and a state party to the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court. Close relations with Europe in particular with France and with Italy have been forged through economic cooperation, privatisation and industrial modernization. In ancient times, Tunisia was primarily inhabited by Berbers. Phoenician immigration began in the 12th century BC; these immigrants founded Carthage. A major mercantile power and a military rival of the Roman Republic, Carthage was defeated by the Romans in 146 BC. The Romans, who would occupy Tunisia for most of the next eight hundred years, introduced Christianity and left architectural legacies like the El Djem amphitheater. After several attempts starting in 647, the Muslims conquered the whole of Tunisia by 697, followed by the Ottoman Empire between 1534 and 1574. The Ottomans held sway for over three hundred years. The French colonization of Tunisia occurred in 1881. Tunisia gained independence with Habib Bourguiba and declared the Tunisian Republic in 1957. In 2011, the Tunisian Revolution resulted in the overthrow of President Zine El Abidine Ben Ali, followed by parliamentary elections. The country voted for parliament again on 26 October 2014, and for President on 23 November 2014.
New!!: Ottoman Tunisia and Tunisia · See more »
Tunisian Arabic
Tunisian Arabic, or Tunisian, is a set of dialects of Maghrebi Arabic spoken in Tunisia.
New!!: Ottoman Tunisia and Tunisian Arabic · See more »
Tunisian Campaign
The Tunisian Campaign (also known as the Battle of Tunisia) was a series of battles that took place in Tunisia during the North African Campaign of the Second World War, between Axis and Allied forces.
New!!: Ottoman Tunisia and Tunisian Campaign · See more »
Tunisian rial
The rial (rial sebili) or piastre was the currency of Ottoman Tunis until 1891.
New!!: Ottoman Tunisia and Tunisian rial · See more »
Turkish language
Turkish, also referred to as Istanbul Turkish, is the most widely spoken of the Turkic languages, with around 10–15 million native speakers in Southeast Europe (mostly in East and Western Thrace) and 60–65 million native speakers in Western Asia (mostly in Anatolia).
New!!: Ottoman Tunisia and Turkish language · See more »
Turks in Tunisia
The Turks in Tunisia, also known as Turco-Tunisians.
New!!: Ottoman Tunisia and Turks in Tunisia · See more »
Turncoat
A turncoat is a person who shifts allegiance from one loyalty or ideal to another, betraying or deserting an original cause by switching to the opposing side or party.
New!!: Ottoman Tunisia and Turncoat · See more »
Ulama
The Arabic term ulama (علماء., singular عالِم, "scholar", literally "the learned ones", also spelled ulema; feminine: alimah and uluma), according to the Encyclopedia of Islam (2000), in its original meaning "denotes scholars of almost all disciplines".
New!!: Ottoman Tunisia and Ulama · See more »
Urf
ʿUrf (العرف) is an Arabic Islamic term referring to the custom, or 'knowledge', of a given society.
New!!: Ottoman Tunisia and Urf · See more »
Venice
Venice (Venezia,; Venesia) is a city in northeastern Italy and the capital of the Veneto region.
New!!: Ottoman Tunisia and Venice · See more »
Wahhabism
Wahhabism (الوهابية) is an Islamic doctrine and religious movement founded by Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab.
New!!: Ottoman Tunisia and Wahhabism · See more »
Yassa
Yasser (alternatively: Yasa, Yasaq, Jazag, Zasag, Mongolian: Их засаг, Yehe Zasag) was a secret written code of law created by Genghis Khan.
New!!: Ottoman Tunisia and Yassa · See more »
Zayyanid dynasty
The Zayyanid dynasty (زيانيون, Ziyānyūn) or Abd al-Wadids (بنو عبد الواد, Bānu ʿabd āl-Wād) was a Berber Zenata dynasty that ruled the Kingdom of Tlemcen, an area of northwestern Algeria, centered on Tlemcen.
New!!: Ottoman Tunisia and Zayyanid dynasty · See more »
Redirects here:
Eyalet of Tunis, History of Ottoman era Tunisia, History of Ottoman-era Tunisia, Ottoman Tunis, Pashalik of Tunisia, Regnum Tunis, Tunis Eyalet, Tunis Province, Ottoman Empire, Tunus Eyalet.
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ottoman_Tunisia
