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Finnhorse

Index Finnhorse

The Finnhorse or Finnish Horse (Suomenhevonen, literally "horse of Finland"; nickname: Suokki, or Finskt kallblod, literally "finnish cold-blood") is a horse breed with both riding horse and draught horse influences and characteristics, and is the only breed developed fully in Finland. [1]

200 relations: Agronomy, Andalusian horse, Arabian horse, Ardennes horse, Arkhangelsk, Žemaitukas, Baltic states, Bay (horse), Black (horse), Breed registry, Bronze Age, Buckskin (horse), Canter and gallop, Cavalry, Charles XI of Sweden, Charles XII of Sweden, Chestnut (coat), Colonel, Combined driving, Continuation War, Craniometry, Cream gene, Crossbreed, Crown stallion system, Domestication of the horse, Draft horse, Dragoon, Dressage, Driving (horse), Easy keeper, Endurance riding, Equestrian facility, Equestrianism, Equine conformation, Equine-assisted therapy, Eric XIV of Sweden, Estonian horse, Ethnology, Eventing, Famine of 1866–68, Feathering (horse), Finland, Finland during the Great Northern War, Finno-Ugric peoples, Fjord horse, Flaxen gene, Foal, Foundation stock, France, Friedrich Rühs, ..., Friesian horse, Friesland, Gene pool, Genetic disorder, Genetic testing, Germany, Gotland, Gotland pony, Grand Duchy of Finland, Gray (horse), Great Northern War, Gulf of Finland, Gustav I of Sweden, Hand (unit), Harness racing, Heavy cavalry, Helsinki, Hippology, Historical provinces of Finland, Hollola, Horse breed, Horse collar, Horse gait, Horse hoof, Horse markings, Horse pulling, Horse racing, Horse show, Horse slaughter, Horseshoe, Inbreeding, Järvsöfaks, Jumping (horse), Karelia, Kirov Oblast, Konik, Kuninkuusravit, Kustaa Vilkuna, Late Middle Ages, Lübeck, Light cavalry, Linguistics, Lithuanian Heavy Draught, Ludvig Fabritius, Magnus IV of Sweden, Mane (horse), Mare, Master's degree, Materiel, Mezen horse, Middle Ages, Military history of Finland during World War II, Mongolian horse, Mounted police, Nordlandshest/Lyngshest, Norfolk Trotter, North Sea, Northern Karelia Province, Northern Savonia, Olaus Magnus, Oldenburg horse, On the bit, Oriental horse, Orlov Trotter, Ossification, Ostrobothnia (historical province), Ox, Palomino, Para-equestrian, Parimutuel betting, Pastern, Percheron, Pernå, Peter the Great, Phenotype, Pinto horse, Pleasure riding, Plough, Pony, Pope Gregory IX, Population bottleneck, Pori, Porvoo, Przewalski's horse, Purebred, Rabicano, Raseborg, Riding aids, Roan (horse), Rump (animal), Russia, Russian Don, Sabino horse, Savonia (historical province), Scandinavian coldblood trotter, Scania, Secondment, Selective breeding, Semi-feral, Senate of Finland, Show jumping, Sidebone, Silver dapple gene, Smoky black, Sorraia, Southern Finland Province, Southern Ostrobothnia, Southern Savonia, Southwest Finland, Splashed white, Sport horse, Squadron (army), Stallion, Standardbred, Stockholm, Stud farm, Studbook selection, Sweden, Tail (horse), Tarpan, Tartary, Tavastia Proper, Thirty Years' War, Thoroughbred, Tori horse, Trail riding, Treaty of Åbo, Treaty of Nystad, Troms, Trot, Turkoman horse, Ural Mountains, Veterinary physician, Viking Age, Vikings, Volga River, Vyatka horse, War reparations, Warmblood, Western riding, Wetland, White (horse), Wild horse, Winter War, Withers, Working animal, World War II, Yakutian horse, Yearling (horse), Ypäjä. Expand index (150 more) »

Agronomy

Agronomy (Ancient Greek ἀγρός agrós 'field' + νόμος nómos 'law') is the science and technology of producing and using plants for food, fuel, fiber, and land reclamation.

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Andalusian horse

The Andalusian, also known as the Pure Spanish Horse or PRE (Pura Raza Española), is a horse breed from the Iberian Peninsula, where its ancestors have lived for thousands of years.

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Arabian horse

The Arabian or Arab horse (الحصان العربي, DMG ḥiṣān ʿarabī) is a breed of horse that originated on the Arabian Peninsula.

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Ardennes horse

The Ardennes or Ardennais is one of the oldest breeds of draft horse, and originates from the Ardennes area in Belgium, Luxembourg and France.

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Arkhangelsk

Arkhangelsk (p), also known in English as Archangel and Archangelsk, is a city and the administrative center of Arkhangelsk Oblast, in the north of European Russia.

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Žemaitukas

The Žemaitukas (plural: Žemaitukai, literally: little Samogitian) is a historic horse breed from Lithuania.

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Baltic states

The Baltic states, also known as the Baltic countries, Baltic republics, Baltic nations or simply the Baltics (Balti riigid, Baltimaad, Baltijas valstis, Baltijos valstybės), is a geopolitical term used for grouping the three sovereign countries in Northern Europe on the eastern coast of the Baltic Sea: Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania.

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Bay (horse)

Bay is a hair coat color of horses, characterized by a reddish-brown body color with a black mane, tail, ear edges, and lower legs.

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Black (horse)

Black is a hair coat color of horses in which the entire hair coat is black.

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Breed registry

A breed registry, also known as a herdbook, studbook or register, in animal husbandry and the hobby of animal fancy, is an official list of animals within a specific breed whose parents are known.

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Bronze Age

The Bronze Age is a historical period characterized by the use of bronze, and in some areas proto-writing, and other early features of urban civilization.

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Buckskin (horse)

Buckskin is a hair coat color of horses, referring to a color that resembles certain shades of tanned deerskin.

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Canter and gallop

The canter and gallop are variations on the fastest gait that can be performed by a horse or other equine.

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Cavalry

Cavalry (from the French cavalerie, cf. cheval 'horse') or horsemen were soldiers or warriors who fought mounted on horseback.

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Charles XI of Sweden

Charles XI, also Carl (Karl XI; 24 November 1655old style – 5 April 1697old style), was King of Sweden from 1660 until his death in a period of Swedish history known as the Swedish Empire (1611–1718).

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Charles XII of Sweden

Charles XII, also Carl (Karl XII; 17 June 1682 – 30 November 1718 O.S.), Latinized to Carolus Rex, was the King of Sweden from 1697 to 1718.

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Chestnut (coat)

Chestnut is a hair coat color of horses consisting of a reddish-to-brown coat with a mane and tail the same or lighter in color than the coat.

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Colonel

Colonel ("kernel", abbreviated Col., Col or COL) is a senior military officer rank below the brigadier and general officer ranks.

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Combined driving

Combined driving (also known as horse driving trials) is an equestrian sport involving carriage driving.

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Continuation War

The Continuation War was a conflict fought by Finland and Nazi Germany, as co-belligerents, against the Soviet Union (USSR) from 1941 to 1944, during World War II.

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Craniometry

Craniometry is measurement of the cranium (the main part of the skull), usually the human cranium.

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Cream gene

The cream gene is responsible for a number of horse coat colors.

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Crossbreed

A crossbreed is an organism with purebred parents of two different breeds, varieties, or populations.

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Crown stallion system

The crown stallion system (ruununorijärjestelmä) was an early state-initiated horse breeding programme in Finland.

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Domestication of the horse

A number of hypotheses exist on many of the key issues regarding the domestication of the horse.

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Draft horse

A draft horse (US), draught horse (UK and Commonwealth) or dray horse (from the Old English dragan meaning "to draw or haul"; compare Dutch dragen and German tragen meaning "to carry" and Danish drage meaning "to draw" or "to fare"), less often called a carthorse, work horse or heavy horse, is a large horse bred to be a working animal doing hard tasks such as plowing and other farm labor.

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Dragoon

Dragoons originally were a class of mounted infantry, who used horses for mobility but dismounted to fight on foot.

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Dressage

Dressage (or; a French term, most commonly translated to mean "training") is a highly skilled form of riding performed in exhibition and competition, as well as an "art" sometimes pursued solely for the sake of mastery.

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Driving (horse)

Driving, when applied to horses, ponies, mules, or donkeys, is a broad term for hitching equines to a wagon, carriage, cart, sleigh, or other horse-drawn vehicle by means of a harness and working them in this way.

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Easy keeper

An easy keeper, easy doer or (British English) good doer is a livestock animal that can live on relatively little food.

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Endurance riding

Endurance riding is an equestrian sport based on controlled long-distance races.

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Equestrian facility

An equestrian facility is created and maintained for the purpose of accommodating, training or competing equids, especially horses.

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Equestrianism

Equestrianism (from Latin equester, equestr-, equus, horseman, horse), more often known as riding, horse riding (British English) or horseback riding (American English), refers to the skill of riding, driving, steeplechasing or vaulting with horses.

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Equine conformation

Equine conformation evaluates the degree of correctness of a horse's bone structure, musculature, and its body proportions in relation to each other.

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Equine-assisted therapy

Equine-assisted therapy (EAT) encompasses a range of treatments that involve activities with horses and other equines to promote human physical and mental health.

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Eric XIV of Sweden

Eric XIV (Erik XIV; 13 December 1533 – 26 February 1577) was King of Sweden from 1560 until he was deposed in 1568.

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Estonian horse

Estonian horse (eesti hobune), also known as the Estonian native, the Estonian Klepper, or natively the Eesti hobune, is a relatively small horse breed originating in Estonia.

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Ethnology

Ethnology (from the Greek ἔθνος, ethnos meaning "nation") is the branch of anthropology that compares and analyzes the characteristics of different peoples and the relationship between them (cf. cultural, social, or sociocultural anthropology).

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Eventing

Eventing (also known as three day eventing or horse trials) is an equestrian event where a single horse and rider combination compete against other combinations across the three disciplines of dressage, cross-country, and show jumping.

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Famine of 1866–68

The Famine of 1866–1868 was the last famine in Finland and Sweden, and the last major naturally caused famine in Europe.

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Feathering (horse)

Feathering is the long hair on the lower legs of some breeds of horses and ponies.

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Finland

Finland (Suomi; Finland), officially the Republic of Finland is a country in Northern Europe bordering the Baltic Sea, Gulf of Bothnia, and Gulf of Finland, between Norway to the north, Sweden to the northwest, and Russia to the east.

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Finland during the Great Northern War

Finland during the Great Northern War was dominated by the Russian invasion and subsequent military occupation of Finland, then part of Sweden, from 1714 until the treaty of Nystad 1721, which ended the Great Northern War.

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Finno-Ugric peoples

The Finno-Ugric peoples are any of several peoples of North-West Eurasia who speak languages of the Finno-Ugric group of the Uralic language family, such as the Khanty, Mansi, Hungarians, Maris, Mordvins, Sámi, Estonians, Karelians, Finns, Udmurts and Komis.

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Fjord horse

The Fjord horse or Norwegian Fjord Horse (fjordhest) is a relatively small but very strong horse breed from the mountainous regions of western Norway.

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Flaxen gene

The flaxen gene is a genetic mechanism that causes the mane and tail of chestnut-colored horses to be noticeably lighter than the body coat color, often a golden blonde shade.

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Foal

A foal is an equine up to one year old; this term is used mainly for horses.

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Foundation stock

Foundation bloodstock or foundation stock are animals that are the progenitors, or foundation, of a new breed (or crossbreed or hybrid), or of a given bloodline within such.

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France

France, officially the French Republic (République française), is a sovereign state whose territory consists of metropolitan France in Western Europe, as well as several overseas regions and territories.

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Friedrich Rühs

Friedrich Rühs (1781-1820) was a German historian of Scandinavian and Germanic history.

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Friesian horse

The Friesian (also Frizian) is a horse breed originating in Friesland, in the Netherlands.

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Friesland

Friesland (official, Fryslân), also historically known as Frisia, is a province of the Netherlands located in the northern part of the country.

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Gene pool

The gene pool is the set of all genes, or genetic information, in any population, usually of a particular species.

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Genetic disorder

A genetic disorder is a genetic problem caused by one or more abnormalities in the genome.

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Genetic testing

Genetic testing, also known as DNA testing, allows the determination of bloodlines and the genetic diagnosis of vulnerabilities to inherited diseases.

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Germany

Germany (Deutschland), officially the Federal Republic of Germany (Bundesrepublik Deutschland), is a sovereign state in central-western Europe.

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Gotland

Gotland (older spellings include Gottland or Gothland), Gutland in the local dialect, is a province, county, municipality, and diocese of Sweden.

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Gotland pony

Gotland pony or Gotland russ is an old Swedish pony breed.

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Grand Duchy of Finland

The Grand Duchy of Finland (Suomen suuriruhtinaskunta, Storfurstendömet Finland, Великое княжество Финляндское,; literally Grand Principality of Finland) was the predecessor state of modern Finland.

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Gray (horse)

Gray or grey is a coat color of horses characterized by progressive silvering of the colored hairs of the coat.

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Great Northern War

The Great Northern War (1700–1721) was a conflict in which a coalition led by the Tsardom of Russia successfully contested the supremacy of the Swedish Empire in Northern, Central and Eastern Europe.

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Gulf of Finland

The Gulf of Finland (Suomenlahti; Soome laht; p; Finska viken) is the easternmost arm of the Baltic Sea.

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Gustav I of Sweden

Gustav I, born Gustav Eriksson of the Vasa noble family and later known as Gustav Vasa (12 May 1496 – 29 September 1560), was King of Sweden from 1523 until his death in 1560, previously self-recognised Protector of the Realm (Riksföreståndare) from 1521, during the ongoing Swedish War of Liberation against King Christian II of Denmark, Norway and Sweden.

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Hand (unit)

The hand is a non-SI unit of measurement of length standardized to.

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Harness racing

Harness racing is a form of horse racing in which the horses race at a specific gait (a trot or a pace).

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Heavy cavalry

Heavy cavalry is a class of cavalry whose primary role was to engage in direct combat with enemy forces, and are heavily armed and armoured compared to light cavalry.

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Helsinki

Helsinki (or;; Helsingfors) is the capital city and most populous municipality of Finland.

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Hippology

Hippology (from Greek: ἵππος, hippos, "horse"; and λόγος, logos, "study") is the study of the horse.

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Historical provinces of Finland

The historical provinces (historialliset maakunnat, singular historiallinen maakunta, historiska landskap) of Finland are a legacy of the country's joint history with Sweden.

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Hollola

Hollola is a municipality of Finland.

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Horse breed

A horse breed is a selectively bred population of domesticated horses, often with pedigrees recorded in a breed registry.

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Horse collar

A horse collar is a part of a horse harness that is used to distribute the load around a horse's neck and shoulders when pulling a wagon or plough.

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Horse gait

Horse gaits are the various ways in which a horse can move, either naturally or as a result of specialized training by humans.

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Horse hoof

A horse hoof is a structure surrounding the distal phalanx of the 3rd digit (digit III of the basic pentadactyl limb of vertebrates, evolved into a single weight-bearing digit in equids) of each of the four limbs of Equus species, which is covered by complex soft tissue and keratinised (cornified) structures.

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Horse markings

Markings on horses usually are distinctive white areas on an otherwise dark base coat color.

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Horse pulling

Horse pulling is a draft horse competition where horses in harness, usually one or two animals, pull a stone-boat or weighted sled and the winner is the team or animal that can pull the most weight for a short distance.

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Horse racing

Horse racing is an equestrian performance sport, typically involving two or more horses ridden by jockeys (or sometimes driven without riders) over a set distance for competition.

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Horse show

A horse show is a judged exhibition of horses and ponies.

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Horse slaughter

Horse slaughter is the practice of slaughtering horses to produce meat for consumption.

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Horseshoe

A horseshoe is a fabricated product, normally made of metal, although sometimes made partially or wholly of modern synthetic materials, designed to protect a horse's hoof from wear.

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Inbreeding

Inbreeding is the production of offspring from the mating or breeding of individuals or organisms that are closely related genetically.

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Järvsöfaks

Järvsöfaks is a Swedish trotter.

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Jumping (horse)

Jumping plays a major role in many equestrian sports, such as show jumping, fox hunting, steeplechasing, and eventing.

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Karelia

Karelia (Karelian, Finnish and Estonian: Karjala; Карелия, Kareliya; Karelen), the land of the Karelian peoples, is an area in Northern Europe of historical significance for Finland, Russia, and Sweden.

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Kirov Oblast

Kirov Oblast (Ки́ровская о́бласть, Kirovskaya oblast) is a federal subject of Russia (an oblast).

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Konik

The Konik (konik polski or konik biłgorajski) or the Polish primitive horse is a small, semi-feral horse, originating in Poland.

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Kuninkuusravit

The Kuninkuusravit ("royal races") championship is an annual harness racing championship contest in Finland.

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Kustaa Vilkuna

Kustaa Gideon Vilkuna (26 October 1902 – 6 April 1980) was a Finnish ethnologist, linguist and historian.

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Late Middle Ages

The Late Middle Ages or Late Medieval Period was the period of European history lasting from 1250 to 1500 AD.

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Lübeck

Lübeck is a city in Schleswig-Holstein, northern Germany, and one of the major ports of Germany.

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Light cavalry

Light cavalry comprises lightly armed and lightly armoured troops mounted on horses, as opposed to heavy cavalry, where the riders (and sometimes the horses) are heavily armored.

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Linguistics

Linguistics is the scientific study of language, and involves an analysis of language form, language meaning, and language in context.

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Lithuanian Heavy Draught

The Lithuanian Heavy Draught is a draught horse breed created in Lithuania during the 19th and 20th centuries.

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Ludvig Fabritius

Ludvig (Lodewyck) Fabritius (14 September 1648, Brazil – 6 October 1729, Stockholm) was the Swedish ambassador to Safavid Iran during the reign of King Charles XI (r. 1660–1697) and Charles XII (r. 1697–1718).

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Magnus IV of Sweden

Magnus IV (April or May 1316 – 1 December 1374; Swedish Magnus Eriksson) was King of Sweden from 1319 to 1364, King of Norway as Magnus VII (including Iceland and Greenland) from 1319 to 1343, and ruler of Scania from 1332 to 1360.

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Mane (horse)

The mane is the hair that grows from the top of the neck of a horse or other equine, reaching from the poll to the withers, and includes the forelock or foretop.

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Mare

A mare is an adult female horse or other equine.

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Master's degree

A master's degree (from Latin magister) is an academic degree awarded by universities or colleges upon completion of a course of study demonstrating mastery or a high-order overview of a specific field of study or area of professional practice.

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Materiel

Materiel, more commonly matériel in US English and also listed as the only spelling in some UK dictionaries (both pronounced, from French matériel meaning equipment or hardware), refers to military technology and supplies in military and commercial supply chain management.

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Mezen horse

The Mezen horse or Mezenok is a Russian breed of draft horse similar to the Pechora.

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Middle Ages

In the history of Europe, the Middle Ages (or Medieval Period) lasted from the 5th to the 15th century.

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Military history of Finland during World War II

Finland participated in the Second World War, twice battling the Soviet Union, and then against Nazi Germany.

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Mongolian horse

The Mongol horse (Mongolian Адуу, aduu: "horse" or mori; or as a herd, ado) is the native horse breed of Mongolia.

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Mounted police

Mounted police are police who patrol on horseback or camelback.

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Nordlandshest/Lyngshest

The Nordlandshest/Lyngshest also known as the "Northlands horse" or "Northlands pony", is a horse breed originating in Norway.

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Norfolk Trotter

The Norfolk Trotter is an extinct horse breed once native to East Anglia and Norfolk, England.

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North Sea

The North Sea (Mare Germanicum) is a marginal sea of the Atlantic Ocean located between Great Britain, Scandinavia, Germany, the Netherlands, Belgium, and France.

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Northern Karelia Province

The Province of Northern Karelia (Pohjois-Karjalan lääni, Norra Karelens län) was a province of Finland from 1960 to 1997.

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Northern Savonia

Northern Savonia (Pohjois-Savo; Norra Savolax) is a region in eastern Finland.

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Olaus Magnus

Olaus Magnus (October 1490 – 1 August 1557) was a Swedish writer and Catholic ecclesiastic.

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Oldenburg horse

The Oldenburg is a warmblood horse from the north-western corner of Lower Saxony, what was formerly the Grand Duchy of Oldenburg.

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On the bit

The phrases "on the bit", "behind the bit" and "above the bit" are equestrian terms used to describe a horse's posture relative to the reins and the bridle bit.

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Oriental horse

The term oriental horse refers to the ancient breeds of horses developed in the Middle East, such as the Arabian, Akhal-Teke, Barb, and the now-extinct Turkoman horse.

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Orlov Trotter

The Orlov Trotter (also known as Orlov; Russian: орловский рысак) is a horse breed with a hereditary fast trot, noted for its outstanding speed and stamina.

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Ossification

Ossification (or osteogenesis) in bone remodeling is the process of laying down new bone material by cells called osteoblasts.

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Ostrobothnia (historical province)

Ostrobothnia, Österbotten (literally "Eastern Bottom", "botten" deriving from Old Norse botn in the meaning of 'bay', and Latinized "bothnia"), Pohjanmaa (literally "Bottom (low) lands") is a historical province comprising a large western and northern part of modern Finland (which was then the "eastern half" of Sweden).

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Ox

An ox (plural oxen), also known as a bullock in Australia and India, is a bovine trained as a draft animal or riding animal.

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Palomino

Palomino is a genetic color in horses, consisting of a gold coat and white mane and tail.

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Para-equestrian

Para-equestrian is an equestrian sport governed by the International Federation for Equestrian Sports (FEI), and includes two competitive events: One is para-equestrian dressage, which is conducted under the same basic rules as conventional dressage, but with riders divided into different competition grades based on their functional abilities.

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Parimutuel betting

Parimutuel betting (from the Pari Mutuel or mutual betting) is a betting system in which all bets of a particular type are placed together in a pool; taxes and the "house-take" or "vigorish" are removed, and payoff odds are calculated by sharing the pool among all winning bets.

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Pastern

The pastern is a part of the leg of a horse between the fetlock and the top of the hoof.

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Percheron

The Percheron is a breed of draft horse that originated in the Huisne river valley in western France, part of the former Perche province from which the breed takes its name.

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Pernå

Pernå (Pernaja) is a former municipality of Finland.

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Peter the Great

Peter the Great (ˈpʲɵtr vʲɪˈlʲikʲɪj), Peter I (ˈpʲɵtr ˈpʲɛrvɨj) or Peter Alexeyevich (p; –)Dates indicated by the letters "O.S." are in the Julian calendar with the start of year adjusted to 1 January.

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Phenotype

A phenotype is the composite of an organism's observable characteristics or traits, such as its morphology, development, biochemical or physiological properties, behavior, and products of behavior (such as a bird's nest).

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Pinto horse

A pinto horse has a coat color that consists of large patches of white and any other color.

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Pleasure riding

Pleasure riding is a form of equestrianism that encompasses many forms of recreational riding for personal enjoyment, absent elements of competition.

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Plough

A plough (UK) or plow (US; both) is a tool or farm implement used in farming for initial cultivation of soil in preparation for sowing seed or planting to loosen or turn the soil.

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Pony

A pony is a small horse (Equus ferus caballus).

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Pope Gregory IX

Pope Gregory IX Gregorius IX (born Ugolino di Conti; c. 1145 or before 1170 – 22 August 1241), was Pope from 19 March 1227 to his death in 1241.

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Population bottleneck

A population bottleneck or genetic bottleneck is a sharp reduction in the size of a population due to environmental events (such as earthquakes, floods, fires, disease, or droughts) or human activities (such as genocide).

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Pori

Pori (Björneborg; Arctopolis) is a city and municipality on the west coast of Finland.

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Porvoo

Porvoo (Borgå) is a city and a municipality situated on the southern coast of Finland approximately east of Helsinki.

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Przewalski's horse

The Przewalski's horse (Khalkha, takhi; Ak Kaba Tuvan: dagy; Equus przewalskii or Equus ferus przewalskii), also called the Mongolian wild horse or Dzungarian horse, is a rare and endangered horse native to the steppes of central Asia.

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Purebred

Purebreds, also called purebreeds, are cultivated varieties or cultivars of an animal species, achieved through the process of selective breeding.

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Rabicano

Rabicano, sometimes called white ticking, is a horse coat color characterized by limited roaning in a specific pattern: its most minimal form is expressed by white hairs at the top of a horse's tail, often is expressed by additional interspersed white hairs seen first at the flank, then other parts of the body radiating out from the flank, where the white hairs will be most pronounced.

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Raseborg

Raseborg (Raasepori) is a town (administrative are) and municipality of Finland.

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Riding aids

Riding aids are the cues a rider gives to a horse to communicate what they want the animal to do.

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Roan (horse)

Roan is a horse coat color pattern characterized by an even mixture of colored and white hairs on the body, while the head and "points"—lower legs, mane and tail—are mostly solid-colored.

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Rump (animal)

The rump or croup, in the external morphology of an animal, is the portion of the posterior dorsum – that is, posterior to the loins and anterior to the tail.

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Russia

Russia (rɐˈsʲijə), officially the Russian Federation (p), is a country in Eurasia. At, Russia is the largest country in the world by area, covering more than one-eighth of the Earth's inhabited land area, and the ninth most populous, with over 144 million people as of December 2017, excluding Crimea. About 77% of the population live in the western, European part of the country. Russia's capital Moscow is one of the largest cities in the world; other major cities include Saint Petersburg, Novosibirsk, Yekaterinburg and Nizhny Novgorod. Extending across the entirety of Northern Asia and much of Eastern Europe, Russia spans eleven time zones and incorporates a wide range of environments and landforms. From northwest to southeast, Russia shares land borders with Norway, Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania and Poland (both with Kaliningrad Oblast), Belarus, Ukraine, Georgia, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, China, Mongolia and North Korea. It shares maritime borders with Japan by the Sea of Okhotsk and the U.S. state of Alaska across the Bering Strait. The East Slavs emerged as a recognizable group in Europe between the 3rd and 8th centuries AD. Founded and ruled by a Varangian warrior elite and their descendants, the medieval state of Rus arose in the 9th century. In 988 it adopted Orthodox Christianity from the Byzantine Empire, beginning the synthesis of Byzantine and Slavic cultures that defined Russian culture for the next millennium. Rus' ultimately disintegrated into a number of smaller states; most of the Rus' lands were overrun by the Mongol invasion and became tributaries of the nomadic Golden Horde in the 13th century. The Grand Duchy of Moscow gradually reunified the surrounding Russian principalities, achieved independence from the Golden Horde. By the 18th century, the nation had greatly expanded through conquest, annexation, and exploration to become the Russian Empire, which was the third largest empire in history, stretching from Poland on the west to Alaska on the east. Following the Russian Revolution, the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic became the largest and leading constituent of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, the world's first constitutionally socialist state. The Soviet Union played a decisive role in the Allied victory in World War II, and emerged as a recognized superpower and rival to the United States during the Cold War. The Soviet era saw some of the most significant technological achievements of the 20th century, including the world's first human-made satellite and the launching of the first humans in space. By the end of 1990, the Soviet Union had the world's second largest economy, largest standing military in the world and the largest stockpile of weapons of mass destruction. Following the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991, twelve independent republics emerged from the USSR: Russia, Ukraine, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and the Baltic states regained independence: Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania; the Russian SFSR reconstituted itself as the Russian Federation and is recognized as the continuing legal personality and a successor of the Soviet Union. It is governed as a federal semi-presidential republic. The Russian economy ranks as the twelfth largest by nominal GDP and sixth largest by purchasing power parity in 2015. Russia's extensive mineral and energy resources are the largest such reserves in the world, making it one of the leading producers of oil and natural gas globally. The country is one of the five recognized nuclear weapons states and possesses the largest stockpile of weapons of mass destruction. Russia is a great power as well as a regional power and has been characterised as a potential superpower. It is a permanent member of the United Nations Security Council and an active global partner of ASEAN, as well as a member of the G20, the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO), the Council of Europe, the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC), the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE), and the World Trade Organization (WTO), as well as being the leading member of the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS), the Collective Security Treaty Organization (CSTO) and one of the five members of the Eurasian Economic Union (EEU), along with Armenia, Belarus, Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan.

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Russian Don

The Russian Don is a breed of horse developed in and named after the steppes region of Russia where the Don River flows.

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Sabino horse

Sabino is a group of white spotting patterns in horses that affect the skin and hair.

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Savonia (historical province)

Savonia (Savo, Savolax) is a historical province in the east of Finland.

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Scandinavian coldblood trotter

A Coldblood Trotter may belong to either one of two closely related and interconnected breeds of horse: the Norsk Kaldblodstraver (Norwegian Coldblood Trotter) and the Svensk Kallblodstravare (Swedish Coldblood Trotter).

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Scania

Scania, also known as Skåne, is the southernmost province (landskap) of Sweden.

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Secondment

Secondment is the assignment of a member of one organisation to another organisation for a temporary period.

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Selective breeding

Selective breeding (also called artificial selection) is the process by which humans use animal breeding and plant breeding to selectively develop particular phenotypic traits (characteristics) by choosing which typically animal or plant males and females will sexually reproduce and have offspring together.

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Semi-feral

A semi-feral animal is an animal that lives predominantly in a feral state, but has some contact and experience with humans.

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Senate of Finland

The Senate of Finland (Suomen senaatti) combined the functions of cabinet and supreme court in the Grand Duchy of Finland from 1816 to 1917 and in the independent Republic of Finland from 1917 to 1918.

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Show jumping

Show jumping, also known as "stadium jumping", "open jumping", or simply "jumping", is a part of a group of English riding equestrian events that also includes dressage, eventing, hunters, and equitation.

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Sidebone

Sidebone is a common condition of horses, characterized by the ossification of the collateral cartilages of the coffin bone.

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Silver dapple gene

The silver or silver dapple (Z) gene is a dilution gene that affects the black base coat color.

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Smoky black

Smoky black is a hair coat color of horses in which the coat is either black or a few shades lighter than true black.

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Sorraia

The Sorraia is a rare breed of horse indigenous to the portion of the Iberian peninsula, in the Sorraia River basin, in Portugal.

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Southern Finland Province

Southern Finland (Etelä-Suomen lääni, Södra Finlands län) was a province of Finland from 1997 to 2009.

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Southern Ostrobothnia

Southern Ostrobothnia (Etelä-Pohjanmaa; Södra Österbotten) is one of the 19 regions of Finland.

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Southern Savonia

Southern Savonia (Etelä-Savo; Södra Savolax) is a region in the south-east of Finland.

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Southwest Finland

Southwest Finland, also known as Finland Proper (Varsinais-Suomi, Egentliga Finland) is a region in the south-west of Finland.

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Splashed white

Splashed white or splash is a horse coat color pattern in the "overo" family of spotting patterns that produces pink-skinned, white markings.

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Sport horse

A sport horse or sporthorse is a type of horse, rather than any particular breed.

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Squadron (army)

A squadron was historically a cavalry subunit, a company sized military formation.

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Stallion

A stallion is a male horse that has not been gelded (castrated).

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Standardbred

The Standardbred is an American horse breed best known for its ability in harness racing, where members of the breed compete at either a trot or pace.

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Stockholm

Stockholm is the capital of Sweden and the most populous city in the Nordic countries; 952,058 people live in the municipality, approximately 1.5 million in the urban area, and 2.3 million in the metropolitan area.

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Stud farm

A stud farm or stud in animal husbandry is an establishment for selective breeding of livestock.

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Studbook selection

Studbook selection is a process used in certain breeds of horses to select breeding stock.

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Sweden

Sweden (Sverige), officially the Kingdom of Sweden (Swedish), is a Scandinavian country in Northern Europe.

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Tail (horse)

The tail of the horse and other equines consists of two parts, the dock and the skirt.

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Tarpan

The tarpan (Equus ferus ferus), also known as Eurasian wild horse, was a subspecies of wild horse.

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Tartary

Tartary (Latin: Tartaria) or Great Tartary (Latin: Tartaria Magna) was a name used from the Middle Ages until the twentieth century to designate the great tract of northern and central Asia stretching from the Caspian Sea and the Ural Mountains to the Pacific Ocean, settled mostly by Turko-Mongol peoples after the Mongol invasion and the subsequent Turkic migrations.

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Tavastia Proper

Tavastia Proper (Kanta-Häme; Egentliga Tavastland) is a region (maakunta / landskap) of Finland.

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Thirty Years' War

The Thirty Years' War was a war fought primarily in Central Europe between 1618 and 1648.

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Thoroughbred

The Thoroughbred is a horse breed best known for its use in horse racing.

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Tori horse

The Tori (tori hobune) is a horse originating in continental Estonia.

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Trail riding

Trail riding is riding outdoors on trails, bridle paths, and forest roads, but not on roads regularly used by motorised traffic.

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Treaty of Åbo

The Treaty of Åbo or the Treaty of Turku was a peace treaty signed between the Russian Empire and Sweden in Turku (Åbo) on 7.

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Treaty of Nystad

The Treaty of Nystad (Ништадтский мир, Uudenkaupungin rauha, Freden i Nystad, Uusikaupunki rahu) was the last peace treaty of the Great Northern War of 1700–1721.

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Troms

Troms (italic; Tromssa) is a county in Northern Norway.

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Trot

The trot is a two-beat diagonal gait of the horse where the diagonal pairs of legs move forward at the same time with a moment of suspension between each beat.

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Turkoman horse

The Turkoman horse, or Turkmene, was an Oriental horse breed from the steppes of Central Asia, now represented by the modern Akhal-Teke.

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Ural Mountains

The Ural Mountains (p), or simply the Urals, are a mountain range that runs approximately from north to south through western Russia, from the coast of the Arctic Ocean to the Ural River and northwestern Kazakhstan.

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Veterinary physician

A veterinary physician, usually called a vet, which is shortened from veterinarian (American English) or veterinary surgeon (British English), is a professional who practices veterinary medicine by treating diseases, disorders, and injuries in animals.

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Viking Age

The Viking Age (793–1066 AD) is a period in European history, especially Northern European and Scandinavian history, following the Germanic Iron Age.

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Vikings

Vikings (Old English: wicing—"pirate", Danish and vikinger; Swedish and vikingar; víkingar, from Old Norse) were Norse seafarers, mainly speaking the Old Norse language, who raided and traded from their Northern European homelands across wide areas of northern, central, eastern and western Europe, during the late 8th to late 11th centuries.

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Volga River

The Volga (p) is the longest river in Europe.

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Vyatka horse

The Vyatka or Viatka (Вятская лошадь, vyatskaya loshad) is an endangered breed of horse native to the former Vyatka region, now the Kirov Oblast of the Russian Federation.

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War reparations

War reparations are payments made after a war by the vanquished to the victors.

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Warmblood

Warmbloods are a group of middle-weight horse types and breeds primarily originating in Europe and registered with organizations that are characterized by open studbook policy, studbook selection, and the aim of breeding for equestrian sport.

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Western riding

Western riding is a style of horseback riding which evolved from the ranching and warfare traditions brought to the Americas by the Spanish Conquistadors, and both equipment and riding style evolved to meet the working needs of the cowboy in the American West.

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Wetland

A wetland is a land area that is saturated with water, either permanently or seasonally, such that it takes on the characteristics of a distinct ecosystem.

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White (horse)

White horses are born white and stay white throughout their lives.

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Wild horse

The wild horse (Equus ferus) is a species of the genus ''Equus'', which includes as subspecies the modern domesticated horse (Equus ferus caballus) as well as the undomesticated tarpan (Equus ferus ferus, now extinct), and the endangered Przewalski's horse (Equus ferus przewalskii).

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Winter War

The Winter War was a military conflict between the Soviet Union (USSR) and Finland.

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Withers

The withers is the ridge between the shoulder blades of an animal, typically a quadruped.

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Working animal

A working animal is an animal, usually domesticated, that is kept by humans and trained to perform tasks.

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World War II

World War II (often abbreviated to WWII or WW2), also known as the Second World War, was a global war that lasted from 1939 to 1945, although conflicts reflecting the ideological clash between what would become the Allied and Axis blocs began earlier.

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Yakutian horse

The Yakutian horse (Саха ата, Sakha ata), sometimes called the Yakut horse, Yakut pony or simply the Yakut, is a rare native horse breed from the Siberian Sakha Republic (or Yakutia) region.

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Yearling (horse)

A yearling is a young horse either male or female that is between one and two years old.

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Ypäjä

Ypäjä is a municipality located in the countryside of South-Western Finland.

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Redirects here:

Finnish Draft, Finnish Horse, Finnish Universal, Finnish horse.

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Finnhorse

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