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Functional near-infrared spectroscopy

Index Functional near-infrared spectroscopy

Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIR or fNIRS), is the use of near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) for the purpose of functional neuroimaging. [1]

26 relations: Attenuation coefficient, Beer–Lambert law, Blood-oxygen-level dependent imaging, Brain–computer interface, Britton Chance, Chromophore, Coefficient, Cognitive neuroscience, Correlation and dependence, Diffuse optical imaging, Functional magnetic resonance imaging, Functional neuroimaging, Haemodynamic response, Hemoglobin, Hitachi, Isosbestic point, Light, Monte Carlo method, Near-infrared spectroscopy, Near-infrared window in biological tissue, Optical tomography, Picosecond, Scattering, Spectrum, Transillumination, Wavelength.

Attenuation coefficient

Attenuation coefficient or narrow beam attenuation coefficient of the volume of a material characterizes how easily it can be penetrated by a beam of light, sound, particles, or other energy or matter.

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Beer–Lambert law

The Beer–Lambert law, also known as Beer's law, the Lambert–Beer law, or the Beer–Lambert–Bouguer law relates the attenuation of light to the properties of the material through which the light is travelling.

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Blood-oxygen-level dependent imaging

Blood-oxygen-level dependent contrast imaging, or BOLD-contrast imaging, is a method used in functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to observe different areas of the brain or other organs, which are found to be active at any given time.

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Brain–computer interface

A brain–computer interface (BCI), sometimes called a neural-control interface (NCI), mind-machine interface (MMI), direct neural interface (DNI), or brain–machine interface (BMI), is a direct communication pathway between an enhanced or wired brain and an external device.

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Britton Chance

Britton Chance (July 24, 1913 – November 16, 2010) was the Eldridge Reeves Johnson University Professor Emeritus of Biochemistry and Biophysics, as well as Professor Emeritus of Physical Chemistry and Radiological Physics at the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine.

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Chromophore

A chromophore is the part of a molecule responsible for its color.

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Coefficient

In mathematics, a coefficient is a multiplicative factor in some term of a polynomial, a series or any expression; it is usually a number, but may be any expression.

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Cognitive neuroscience

The term cognitive neuroscience was coined by George Armitage Miller and Michael Gazzaniga in year 1976.

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Correlation and dependence

In statistics, dependence or association is any statistical relationship, whether causal or not, between two random variables or bivariate data.

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Diffuse optical imaging

Diffuse optical imaging (DOI) is a method of imaging using near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) or fluorescence-based methods.

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Functional magnetic resonance imaging

Functional magnetic resonance imaging or functional MRI (fMRI) measures brain activity by detecting changes associated with blood flow.

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Functional neuroimaging

Functional neuroimaging is the use of neuroimaging technology to measure an aspect of brain function, often with a view to understanding the relationship between activity in certain brain areas and specific mental functions.

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Haemodynamic response

In haemodynamics, the body must respond to physical activities, external temperature, and other factors by homeostatically adjusting its blood flow to deliver nutrients such as oxygen and glucose to stressed tissues and allow them to function.

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Hemoglobin

Hemoglobin (American) or haemoglobin (British); abbreviated Hb or Hgb, is the iron-containing oxygen-transport metalloprotein in the red blood cells of all vertebrates (with the exception of the fish family Channichthyidae) as well as the tissues of some invertebrates.

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Hitachi

() is a Japanese multinational conglomerate company headquartered in Chiyoda, Tokyo, Japan.

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Isosbestic point

In spectroscopy, an isosbestic point is a specific wavelength, wavenumber or frequency at which the total absorbance of a sample does not change during a chemical reaction or a physical change of the sample.

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Light

Light is electromagnetic radiation within a certain portion of the electromagnetic spectrum.

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Monte Carlo method

Monte Carlo methods (or Monte Carlo experiments) are a broad class of computational algorithms that rely on repeated random sampling to obtain numerical results.

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Near-infrared spectroscopy

Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) is a spectroscopic method that uses the near-infrared region of the electromagnetic spectrum (from 780 nm to 2500 nm).

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Near-infrared window in biological tissue

The near-infrared (NIR) window (also known as optical window or therapeutic window) defines the range of wavelengths from 650 to 1350 nanometre (nm) where light has its maximum depth of penetration in tissue.

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Optical tomography

Optical tomography is a form of computed tomography that creates a digital volumetric model of an object by reconstructing images made from light transmitted and scattered through an object.

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Picosecond

A picosecond is an SI unit of time equal to 10−12 or 1/1,000,000,000,000 (one trillionth) of a second.

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Scattering

Scattering is a general physical process where some forms of radiation, such as light, sound, or moving particles, are forced to deviate from a straight trajectory by one or more paths due to localized non-uniformities in the medium through which they pass.

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Spectrum

A spectrum (plural spectra or spectrums) is a condition that is not limited to a specific set of values but can vary, without steps, across a continuum.

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Transillumination

Transillumination is the technique of sample illumination by transmission of light through the sample.

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Wavelength

In physics, the wavelength is the spatial period of a periodic wave—the distance over which the wave's shape repeats.

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Redirects here:

FNIR, FNIRS, Fnir, Functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy, Functional near infrared spectroscopy, Functional near-infrared imaging.

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Functional_near-infrared_spectroscopy

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