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286 relations: Abortion, Aisne, Alain Bocquet, Alès, Allier, Alpes-Maritimes, André Chassaigne, André Gerin, André Lajoinie, Annie David, Édouard Daladier, Électricité de France, Éliane Assassi, Éric Bocquet, Évelyne Didier, Basques, Benoît Frachon, Bernard Thibault, Bretons, Brigitte Gonthier-Maurin, Capital gains tax, Capitalism, Catalans, Cécile Cukierman, Cévennes, Côtes-d'Armor, Chamber of Deputies (France), Charles de Gaulle, Charles Fiterman, Cher (department), Civil solidarity pact, Colonialism, Commentry, Communism, Communist front, Communist International, Communist party, Communist, Republican, Citizen and Ecologist group, Convention for a Progressive Alternative, Corsicans, Debt relief, Democracy, Democratic and Republican Left group, Democratic centralism, Democratic socialism, Departmental council (France), Dieppe, Eco-socialism, Economic growth, Egalitarianism, ..., Election, Entryism, Eurocommunism, European Central Bank, European Democratic and Social Rally group, European Fiscal Compact, European Parliament, European Parliament election, 1979 (France), European Parliament election, 1984 (France), European Parliament election, 1989 (France), European Parliament election, 1994 (France), European Parliament election, 1999 (France), European Parliament election, 2004 (France), European Parliament election, 2009 (France), European Parliament election, 2014 (France), European Union, European United Left–Nordic Green Left, Euroscepticism, Eurozone, Euthanasia, Far-left politics, Fascism, Fête de l'Humanité, Feminism, Fernand Loriot, Financial crisis of 2007–2008, Flemish people, François Asensi, François Mitterrand, Francs-Tireurs et Partisans, Free France, French Committee of National Liberation, French Fifth Republic, French Fourth Republic, French language, French legislative election, 1924, French legislative election, 1928, French legislative election, 1932, French legislative election, 1936, French legislative election, 1945, French legislative election, 1951, French legislative election, 1956, French legislative election, 1958, French legislative election, 1962, French legislative election, 1967, French legislative election, 1968, French legislative election, 1973, French legislative election, 1978, French legislative election, 1981, French legislative election, 1986, French legislative election, 1988, French legislative election, 1993, French legislative election, 1997, French legislative election, 2002, French legislative election, 2007, French legislative election, 2012, French legislative election, 2017, French legislative election, June 1946, French legislative election, November 1946, French presidential election, 1969, French presidential election, 1981, French presidential election, 1988, French presidential election, 1995, French presidential election, 2002, French presidential election, 2007, French presidential election, 2012, French presidential election, 2017, French Resistance, French Section of the Workers' International, Friedrich Engels, Gaby Charroux, Gaz de France, Gérard Le Cam, General Confederation of Labour (France), Georges Marchais, Globalization, Golden Rule (fiscal policy), Great Recession, Green Line (Israel), Grenelle agreements, Grenoble, Gross National Happiness, Guy Fischer, HADOPI law, Haute-Saône, Henri Barbé, Henri Krasucki, Ho Chi Minh, Homosexuality, Huguenots, Humanism, Illegal immigration, International Marxist Tendency, International Meeting of Communist and Workers' Parties, Isabelle Pasquet, Ivan Renar, Jack Ralite, Jacky Hénin, Jacobin, Jacqueline Fraysse, Jacques Duclos, Jean Jaurès, Jean-Claude Gayssot, Jean-Jacques Candelier, Jean-Luc Mélenchon, Jean-Pierre Brard, Karl Marx, L'Express, L'Humanité, La Courneuve, La France Insoumise, La Seyne-sur-Mer, Laurence Jonathan Cohen, Léon Blum, Le Havre, Le Mans, Left Front (France), Left Party (France), Left-wing politics, Leninism, LGBT adoption, Libération, Limousin, Lionel Jospin, List of Alsatians and Lotharingians, List of communist parties, List of foreign delegations at 24th PCF Congress (1982), List of political parties in France, List of presidents of departmental councils (France), Longwy, Louis Althusser, Ludovic-Oscar Frossard, Lutte Ouvrière, Lyon, Marcel Cachin, Marcel Rigout, Marie-France Beaufils, Marie-George Buffet, Marseille, Marxism–Leninism, Maurice Duverger, Maurice Thorez, Maxime Gremetz, Maximum wage, May 1968 events in France, Member of the European Parliament, Meurthe-et-Moselle, Michel Billout, Michelle Demessine, Minimum wage, Mireille Schurch, Montceau-les-Mines, Morbihan, Mouvement Jeunes Communistes de France, Movement of Progressives, MRAP (NGO), Munich Agreement, National Assembly (France), National Council of the Resistance, National Front (French Resistance), Nationalization, NATO, New Anticapitalist Party, New Left, Newspaper, Nièvre, Nord (French department), Nord-Pas-de-Calais, Operation Barbarossa, Orano, Paris, Party of the European Left, Pas-de-Calais, Patrick Braouezec, Patrick Le Hyaric, Pierre Célor, Pierre Juquin, Pierre Laurent (politician), Pierre Semard, Pif Gadget, Place du Colonel Fabien, Plural Left, Pole of Communist Revival in France, Popular Front (France), Proportional representation, Public sector, Radical Party of the Left, Reading Capital, Red, Regional council (France), Revolution, Revolutionary Communist League (France), Right of foreigners to vote, Robert Hue, Roger Roche, Romilly-sur-Seine, Rufisque, Saint-Étienne, Saint-Nazaire, Same-sex marriage, Second Spanish Republic, Secretariat of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, Seine-Maritime, Seine-Saint-Denis, Senate (France), Sergey Tolstov, Sharecropping, Social democracy, Socialist Party (France), Solidarity tax on wealth, Somme (department), Soviet Union, Stalinism, State monopoly capitalism, State of Palestine, Statism, Tarn (department), The Internationale, The Republicans (France), Thierry Foucaud, Tobin tax, Trade union, Treaty of Lisbon, Tripartisme, Trotskyism, Unified Socialist Party (France), Union of Communist Students, United Left (France), Val-de-Marne, Var (department), Vietnam, Vitry-sur-Seine, Waldeck Rochet, War in Afghanistan (2001–present), 15th arrondissement of Paris, 1905 French law on the Separation of the Churches and the State. Expand index (236 more) »
Abortion
Abortion is the ending of pregnancy by removing an embryo or fetus before it can survive outside the uterus.
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Aisne
Aisne is a French department in the Hauts-de-France region of northern France.
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Alain Bocquet
Alain Bocquet (born 6 May 1946) is a member of the National Assembly of France and represents the Nord department.
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Alès
Alès (Alès) is a commune in the Gard department in the Occitanie region in southern France.
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Allier
Allier; is a French department located in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region of central France named after the river Allier.
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Alpes-Maritimes
Alpes-Maritimes (Aups Maritims; Alpi Marittime) is a department of the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region in the extreme southeast corner of France.
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André Chassaigne
André Chassaigne (born 2 July 1950 in Clermont-Ferrand) is a member of the National Assembly of France for the French Communist Party.
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André Gerin
André Gerin (born January 19, 1946 in Vienne, Isère) is a French politician who is currently a Deputy in the National Assembly of France.
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André Lajoinie
André Lajoinie (born 29 December 1929, in Chasteaux, Corrèze) is a French politician, and a member of the French Communist Party (PCF).
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Annie David
Annie David (born 17 January 1963 in La Tronche, Isère) is a member of the Senate of France, representing the Isère department.
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Édouard Daladier
Édouard Daladier (18 June 1884 – 10 October 1970) was a French "radical" (i.e. centre-left) politician and the Prime Minister of France at the start of the Second World War.
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Électricité de France
Électricité de France S.A. (EDF; Electricity of France) is a French electric utility company, largely owned by the French state.
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Éliane Assassi
Éliane Assassi (born 2 October 1958) is a member of the Senate of France, representing the Seine-Saint-Denis department.
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Éric Bocquet
Éric Bocquet (born 8 November 1957) is a French politician and member of the French Communist Party.
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Évelyne Didier
Évelyne Didier (born 14 March 1948) was a member of the Senate of France, representing the Meurthe-et-Moselle department.
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Basques
No description.
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Benoît Frachon
Benoît Frachon (13 May 1893 – 1 August 1975) was a French metalworker and trade union leader who was one of the leaders of the French Communist Party (Parti communiste français, PCF) and of the French Resistance during World War II (1939–45).
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Bernard Thibault
Bernard Thibault, born in 1959, was the secretary of the Confédération Générale du Travail (CGT) between 1999 and 2013, a French workers' union.
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Bretons
The Bretons (Bretoned) are a Celtic ethnic group located in the region of Brittany in France.
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Brigitte Gonthier-Maurin
Brigitte Gonthier-Maurin (born 23 April 1956) is a member of the Senate of France, representing the Hauts-de-Seine department.
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Capital gains tax
A capital gains tax (CGT) is a tax on capital gains, the profit realized on the sale of a non-inventory asset that was greater than the amount realized on the sale.
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Capitalism
Capitalism is an economic system based upon private ownership of the means of production and their operation for profit.
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Catalans
The Catalans (Catalan, French and Occitan: catalans; catalanes, Italian: catalani) are a Pyrenean/Latin European ethnic group formed by the people from, or with origins in, Catalonia (Spain), in the northeast of the Iberian Peninsula.
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Cécile Cukierman
Cécile Cukierman (born 26 April 1976) is a French politician.
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Cévennes
The Cévennes (Cevenas) are a range of mountains in south-central France, covering parts of the départements of Ardèche, Gard, Hérault and Lozère.
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Côtes-d'Armor
Côtes-d'Armor (Aodoù-an-Arvor), formerly known as Côtes-du-Nord, is a department in the north of Brittany, in northwestern France.
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Chamber of Deputies (France)
Chamber of Deputies (la Chambre des députés) was the name given to several parliamentary bodies in France in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries.
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Charles de Gaulle
Charles André Joseph Marie de Gaulle (22 November 1890 – 9 November 1970) was a French general and statesman who led the French Resistance against Nazi Germany in World War II and chaired the Provisional Government of the French Republic from 1944 to 1946 in order to reestablish democracy in France.
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Charles Fiterman
Charles Fiterman (born 28 December 1933) is a French politician.
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Cher (department)
Cher (Berrichon: Char) is a department in the Centre-Val de Loire region of France.
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Civil solidarity pact
In France, a civil solidarity pact (pacte civil de solidarité), commonly known as a PACS, is a contractual form of civil union between two adults for organising their joint life.
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Colonialism
Colonialism is the policy of a polity seeking to extend or retain its authority over other people or territories, generally with the aim of developing or exploiting them to the benefit of the colonizing country and of helping the colonies modernize in terms defined by the colonizers, especially in economics, religion and health.
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Commentry
Commentry is a commune in the department of Allier in central France.
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Communism
In political and social sciences, communism (from Latin communis, "common, universal") is the philosophical, social, political, and economic ideology and movement whose ultimate goal is the establishment of the communist society, which is a socioeconomic order structured upon the common ownership of the means of production and the absence of social classes, money and the state.
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Communist front
A Communist front organization is an organization identified as a front organization under the effective control of a Communist party, the Communist International or other Communist organizations.
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Communist International
The Communist International (Comintern), known also as the Third International (1919–1943), was an international communist organization that advocated world communism.
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Communist party
A communist party is a political party that advocates the application of the social and economic principles of communism through state policy.
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Communist, Republican, Citizen and Ecologist group
The Communist, Republican, Citizen and Ecologist group (groupe communiste, républicain, citoyen et ecologiste) is a parliamentary group in the Senate including representatives of the French Communist Party (PCF).
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Convention for a Progressive Alternative
The Convention for a Progressive Alternative (Convention pour une alternative progressiste, CAP) was a French left-wing political party founded in 1994.
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Corsicans
The Corsicans (Corsican, Italian and Ligurian: Corsi; French: Corses) are the native people and ethnic group originating in Corsica, a Mediterranean island and a territorial collectivity of France.
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Debt relief
Debt relief or debt cancellation is the partial or total forgiveness of debt, or the slowing or stopping of debt growth, owed by individuals, corporations, or nations.
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Democracy
Democracy (δημοκρατία dēmokraa thetía, literally "rule by people"), in modern usage, has three senses all for a system of government where the citizens exercise power by voting.
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Democratic and Republican Left group
The Democratic and Republican Left group (groupe de la Gauche démocrate et républicaine or GDR) is a parliamentary group in the National Assembly including representatives of the French Communist Party (PCF).
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Democratic centralism
Democratic centralism is a method of leadership in which political decisions reached by the party through its democratically elected bodies are binding upon all members of the party.
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Democratic socialism
Democratic socialism is a political philosophy that advocates political democracy alongside social ownership of the means of production with an emphasis on self-management and/or democratic management of economic institutions within a market socialist, participatory or decentralized planned economy.
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Departmental council (France)
The departmental councils (French: conseil départemental) of France are assemblies of the departments, elected by universal suffrage.
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Dieppe
Dieppe is a coastal community in the Arrondissement of Dieppe in the Seine-Maritime department in the Normandy region of northern France.
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Eco-socialism
Eco-socialism, green socialism or socialist ecology is an ideology merging aspects of socialism with that of green politics, ecology and alter-globalization or anti-globalization.
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Economic growth
Economic growth is the increase in the inflation-adjusted market value of the goods and services produced by an economy over time.
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Egalitarianism
Egalitarianism – or equalitarianism – is a school of thought that prioritizes equality for all people.
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Election
An election is a formal group decision-making process by which a population chooses an individual to hold public office.
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Entryism
Entryism (also referred to as entrism or enterism, or as infiltration) is a political strategy in which an organisation or state encourages its members or supporters to join another, usually larger, organisation in an attempt to expand influence and expand their ideas and program.
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Eurocommunism
Eurocommunism (adherents sometimes referred to as Gramscians) was a revisionist trend in the 1970s and 1980s within various Western European communist parties.
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European Central Bank
The European Central Bank (ECB) is the central bank for the euro and administers monetary policy of the euro area, which consists of 19 EU member states and is one of the largest currency areas in the world.
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European Democratic and Social Rally group
The European Democratic and Social Rally group (groupe du Rassemblement démocratique et social européen, abbreviated RDSE), formerly the Democratic and European Rally group (groupe du Rassemblement démocratique et européen), is a parliamentary group in the Senate including representatives of the Radical Party of the Left (PRG) that historically consisted of radicals of both the left and right.
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European Fiscal Compact
The Treaty on Stability, Coordination and Governance in the Economic and Monetary Union; also referred to as TSCG or more plainly the Fiscal Stability Treaty is an intergovernmental treaty introduced as a new stricter version of the Stability and Growth Pact, signed on 2 March 2012 by all member states of the European Union (EU), except the Czech Republic and the United Kingdom.
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European Parliament
The European Parliament (EP) is the directly elected parliamentary institution of the European Union (EU).
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European Parliament election, 1979 (France)
In 1979 the first direct elections to the European Parliament were held in France.
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European Parliament election, 1984 (France)
In 1984 the second direct elections to the European Parliament were held in France.
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European Parliament election, 1989 (France)
On 15 June 1989 the third direct elections to the European Parliament were held in the France.
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European Parliament election, 1994 (France)
On 12 June 1994 the fourth direct elections to the European Parliament were held in the France.
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European Parliament election, 1999 (France)
On 13 June 1999 the fifth direct elections to the European Parliament were held in the France.
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European Parliament election, 2004 (France)
Elections to the European Parliament were held in France on 13 June 2004.
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European Parliament election, 2009 (France)
European elections to elect 72 French Members of the European Parliament were held on Sunday 7 June 2009.
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European Parliament election, 2014 (France)
The 2014 European Parliament election in France for the election of the 8th delegation from France to the European Parliament took place on 24 May 2014 in the overseas territories of France, and on 25 May 2014 in metropolitan France.
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European Union
The European Union (EU) is a political and economic union of EUnum member states that are located primarily in Europe.
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European United Left–Nordic Green Left
European United Left–Nordic Green Left (Gauche unitaire européenne, GUE-NGL) is a left-wing political group in the European Parliament, established in 1995.
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Euroscepticism
Euroscepticism (also known as EU-scepticism) means criticism of the European Union (EU) and European integration.
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Eurozone
No description.
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Euthanasia
Euthanasia (from εὐθανασία; "good death": εὖ, eu; "well" or "good" – θάνατος, thanatos; "death") is the practice of intentionally ending a life to relieve pain and suffering.
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Far-left politics
Far-left politics are political views located further on the left of the left-right spectrum than the standard political left.
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Fascism
Fascism is a form of radical authoritarian ultranationalism, characterized by dictatorial power, forcible suppression of opposition and control of industry and commerce, which came to prominence in early 20th-century Europe.
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Fête de l'Humanité
The fête de l'Humanité (English: Festival of Humanity) is an event organised annually by L'Humanité, a French newspaper.
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Feminism
Feminism is a range of political movements, ideologies, and social movements that share a common goal: to define, establish, and achieve political, economic, personal, and social equality of sexes.
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Fernand Loriot
Fernand Loriot (10 October 1870 - 12 October 1932) was a French teacher who was active in forming the teachers' union.
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Financial crisis of 2007–2008
The financial crisis of 2007–2008, also known as the global financial crisis and the 2008 financial crisis, is considered by many economists to have been the worst financial crisis since the Great Depression of the 1930s.
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Flemish people
The Flemish or Flemings are a Germanic ethnic group native to Flanders, in modern Belgium, who speak Dutch, especially any of its dialects spoken in historical Flanders, known collectively as Flemish Dutch.
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François Asensi
François Asensi (born June 1, 1945 in Santander) is a member of the National Assembly of France.
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François Mitterrand
François Maurice Adrien Marie Mitterrand (26 October 1916 – 8 January 1996) was a French statesman who was President of France from 1981 to 1995, the longest time in office of any French president.
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Francs-Tireurs et Partisans
The Francs-Tireurs et Partisans Français (FTPF), or commonly the Francs-Tireurs et Partisans (FTP), was an armed resistance organization created by leaders of the French Communist Party during World War II (1939–45).
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Free France
Free France and its Free French Forces (French: France Libre and Forces françaises libres) were the government-in-exile led by Charles de Gaulle during the Second World War and its military forces, that continued to fight against the Axis powers as one of the Allies after the fall of France.
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French Committee of National Liberation
The French Committee of National Liberation (Comité français de Libération nationale) was a provisional government of Free France formed by the French generals Henri Giraud and Charles de Gaulle to provide united leadership, organize and coordinate the campaign to liberate France from Nazi Germany during World War II.
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French Fifth Republic
The Fifth Republic, France's current republican system of government, was established by Charles de Gaulle under the Constitution of the Fifth Republic on 4 October 1958.
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French Fourth Republic
The French Fourth Republic was the republican government of France between 1946 and 1958, governed by the fourth republican constitution.
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French language
French (le français or la langue française) is a Romance language of the Indo-European family.
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French legislative election, 1924
The 1924 legislative election was held on 11 and 25 May 1924.
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French legislative election, 1928
Legislative elections in France to elect the 14th legislature of the French Third Republic were held on 22 and 29 April 1928.
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French legislative election, 1932
French legislative elections to elect the 15th legislature of the French Third Republic were held on 1 and 8 May 1932.
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French legislative election, 1936
French legislative elections to elect the 16th legislature of the French Third Republic were held on 26 April and 3 May 1936.
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French legislative election, 1945
Legislative elections were held in France on 21 October 1945 to elect a Constituent Assembly to draft a constitution for a Fourth French Republic.
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French legislative election, 1951
Legislative elections were held in France on 17 June 1951 to elect the second National Assembly of the Fourth Republic.
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French legislative election, 1956
French legislative elections to elect the third National Assembly of the Fourth Republic took place on 2 January 1956 using party-list proportional representation.
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French legislative election, 1958
The French legislative elections took place on 23 and 30 November 1958 to elect the first National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic.
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French legislative election, 1962
French legislative elections took place on 18 November and 25 November 1962 to elect the second National Assembly of the Fifth Republic.
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French legislative election, 1967
French legislative elections took place on 5 and 12 March 1967 to elect the third National Assembly of the Fifth Republic.
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French legislative election, 1968
French legislative elections took place on 23 and 30 June 1968 to elect the fourth French National Assembly of the Fifth Republic.
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French legislative election, 1973
French legislative elections took place on 4 and 11 March 1973 to elect the fifth National Assembly of the Fifth Republic.
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French legislative election, 1978
The French legislative elections took place on 12 March and 19 March 1978 to elect the sixth National Assembly of the Fifth Republic.
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French legislative election, 1981
French legislative elections took place on 14 June and 21 June 1981 to elect the seventh National Assembly of the Fifth Republic.
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French legislative election, 1986
The French legislative elections took place on 16 March 1986 to elect the eighth National Assembly of the Fifth Republic.
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French legislative election, 1988
French legislative elections took place on 5 June and 12 June 1988, to elect the ninth National Assembly of the Fifth Republic, one month after the re-election of François Mitterrand as President of France.
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French legislative election, 1993
French legislative elections took place on 21 and 28 March 1993 to elect the tenth National Assembly of the Fifth Republic.
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French legislative election, 1997
A French legislative election took place on 25 May and 1 June 1997 to elect the 11th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic.
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French legislative election, 2002
The French legislative elections took place on 9 June and 16 June 2002 to elect the 12th National Assembly of the Fifth Republic, in a context of political crisis.
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French legislative election, 2007
The French legislative elections took place on 10 June and 17 June 2007 to elect the 13th National Assembly of the Fifth Republic, a few weeks after the French presidential election run-off on 6 May.
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French legislative election, 2012
Legislative elections took place on 10 and 17 June 2012 (and on other dates for small numbers of voters outside metropolitan France) to select the members of the 14th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic – a little over a month after the French presidential election run-off held on 6 May.
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French legislative election, 2017
Legislative elections were held on 11 and 18 June 2017 (with different dates for voters overseas) to elect the 577 members of the 15th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic.
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French legislative election, June 1946
Legislative elections were held in France on 2 June 1946 to elect the second post-war Constituent Assembly designated to prepare a new constitution.
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French legislative election, November 1946
Legislative election was held in France on 10 November 1946 to elect the first National Assembly of the Fourth Republic.
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French presidential election, 1969
The 1969 French presidential election took place on 1 June and 15 June 1969.
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French presidential election, 1981
The French presidential election of 1981 took place on 10 May 1981, giving the presidency of France to François Mitterrand, the first Socialist president of the Fifth Republic.
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French presidential election, 1988
Presidential elections were held in France on 24 April and 8 May 1988.
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French presidential election, 1995
Presidential elections took place in France on 23 April and 7 May 1995, to elect the fifth president of the Fifth Republic.
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French presidential election, 2002
The 2002 French presidential election consisted of a first round election on 21 April 2002, and a runoff election between the top two candidates (Jacques Chirac and Jean-Marie Le Pen) on 5 May 2002.
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French presidential election, 2007
The 2007 French presidential election, the ninth of the Fifth French Republic was held to elect the successor to Jacques Chirac as president of France (and ex officio Co-Prince of Andorra) for a five-year term.
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French presidential election, 2012
A presidential election was held in France on 22 April 2012 (or 21 April in some overseas departments and territories), with a second round run-off held on 6 May (or 5 May for those same territories) to elect the President of France (who is also ex officio one of the two joint heads of state of Andorra, a sovereign state).
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French presidential election, 2017
The 2017 French presidential election was held on 23 April and 7 May 2017.
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French Resistance
The French Resistance (La Résistance) was the collection of French movements that fought against the Nazi German occupation of France and against the collaborationist Vichy régime during the Second World War.
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French Section of the Workers' International
The French Section of the Workers' International (Section Française de l'Internationale Ouvrière, SFIO) was a French socialist political party founded in 1905 and replaced in 1969 by the current Socialist Party (PS).
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Friedrich Engels
Friedrich Engels (. Random House Webster's Unabridged Dictionary.;, sometimes anglicised Frederick Engels; 28 November 1820 – 5 August 1895) was a German philosopher, social scientist, journalist and businessman.
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Gaby Charroux
Gaby Charroux (born 1942) is a French politician.
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Gaz de France
Gaz de France (GDF) was a French company which produced, transported and sold natural gas around the world, especially in France, its main market.
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Gérard Le Cam
Gérard Le Cam (born 24 February 1954 in Côtes-d'Armor) was a member of the Senate of France, who represented the Côtes-d'Armor department.
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General Confederation of Labour (France)
The General Confederation of Labour (Confédération générale du travail, CGT) is a national trade union center, the first of the five major French confederations of trade unions.
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Georges Marchais
Georges René Louis Marchais (7 June 1920 – 16 November 1997) was the head of the French Communist Party (PCF) from 1972 to 1994, and a candidate in the French presidential elections of 1981.
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Globalization
Globalization or globalisation is the process of interaction and integration between people, companies, and governments worldwide.
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Golden Rule (fiscal policy)
The Golden Rule is a guideline for the operation of fiscal policy.
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Great Recession
The Great Recession was a period of general economic decline observed in world markets during the late 2000s and early 2010s.
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Green Line (Israel)
The Green Line, or (pre-) 1967 border or 1949 Armistice border, is the demarcation line set out in the 1949 Armistice Agreements between the armies of Israel and those of its neighbors (Egypt, Jordan, Lebanon and Syria) after the 1948 Arab–Israeli War.
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Grenelle agreements
The Grenelle Agreements (Accords de Grenelle) or Grenelle Reports were negotiated 25 and 26 May, during the crisis of May 1968 in France by the representative of the Pompidou government, the trade unions, and the Organisation patronale.
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Grenoble
Grenoble is a city in southeastern France, at the foot of the French Alps where the river Drac joins the Isère.
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Gross National Happiness
Gross National Happiness (also known by the acronym: GNH) is a philosophy that guides the government of Bhutan.
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Guy Fischer
Guy Fischer (born 12 January 1944 in Décines-Charpieu – died 1 November 2014) was a member of the Senate of France, representing the Rhône department.
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HADOPI law
The French HADOPI law or Creation and Internet law (Haute Autorité pour la Diffusion des Œuvres et la Protection des droits d'auteur sur Internet, or, loosely in English, "Supreme Authority for the Distribution and Protection of Intellectual Property on the Internet") was introduced during 2009, providing what is known as a graduated response as a means to encourage compliance with copyright laws.
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Haute-Saône
Haute-Saône (Arpitan: Hiôta-Sona) is a French department of the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region named after the Saône River.
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Henri Barbé
Henri Barbé (14 March 1902, Paris – 24 May 1966, Paris) was a French Communist, and later, fascist politician.
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Henri Krasucki
Henri Krasucki (2 September 1924, Wołomin, Poland - 24 January 2003) was a French trade-unionist, former secretary general of the Confédération générale du travail (CGT) from 1982 to 1992.
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Ho Chi Minh
Hồ Chí Minh (Chữ nôm: 胡志明; 19 May 1890 – 2 September 1969), born Nguyễn Sinh Cung, also known as Nguyễn Tất Thành and Nguyễn Ái Quốc, was a Vietnamese Communist revolutionary leader who was Chairman and First Secretary of the Workers' Party of Vietnam.
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Homosexuality
Homosexuality is romantic attraction, sexual attraction or sexual behavior between members of the same sex or gender.
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Huguenots
Huguenots (Les huguenots) are an ethnoreligious group of French Protestants who follow the Reformed tradition.
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Humanism
Humanism is a philosophical and ethical stance that emphasizes the value and agency of human beings, individually and collectively, and generally prefers critical thinking and evidence (rationalism and empiricism) over acceptance of dogma or superstition.
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Illegal immigration
Illegal immigration is the illegal entry of a person or a group of persons across a country's border, in a way that violates the immigration laws of the destination country, with the intention to remain in the country, as well as people who remain living in another country when they do not have the legal right to do so.
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International Marxist Tendency
The International Marxist Tendency (IMT) is an international Trotskyist tendency founded by Ted Grant and his followers following their break with the Committee for a Workers International in the early 1990s.
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International Meeting of Communist and Workers' Parties
The International Meeting of Communist and Workers' Parties (IMCWP) is an annual conference attended by communist and workers' parties from several nations.
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Isabelle Pasquet
Isabelle Pasquet (born March 8, 1962) is a member of the Senate of France, representing the Bouches-du-Rhône department.
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Ivan Renar
Ivan Renar (born 26 April 1937) was a member of the Senate of France, representing the Nord department.
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Jack Ralite
Jack Ralite (14 May 1928 – 12 November 2017) was a French politician.
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Jacky Hénin
Jacky Hénin (born 12 November 1960 in Douai) is a French politician and Member of the European Parliament for the north-west of France.
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Jacobin
The Society of the Friends of the Constitution (Société des amis de la Constitution), after 1792 renamed Society of the Jacobins, Friends of Freedom and Equality (Société des Jacobins, amis de la liberté et de l'égalité), commonly known as the Jacobin Club (Club des Jacobins) or simply the Jacobins, was the most influential political club during the French Revolution.
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Jacqueline Fraysse
Jacqueline Fraysse-Cazalis (born February 25, 1947 in Paris) is a French cardiologist and politician.
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Jacques Duclos
Jacques Duclos (2 October 1896 in Louey, Hautes-Pyrénées – 25 April 1975 in Montreuil) was a French Communist politician who played a key role in French politics from 1926, when he entered the French National Assembly after defeating Paul Reynaud, until 1969, when he won a substantial portion of the vote in the presidential elections.
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Jean Jaurès
Auguste Marie Joseph Jean Léon Jaurès, commonly referred as Jean Jaurès (3 September 185931 July 1914) was a French Socialist leader.
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Jean-Claude Gayssot
Jean-Claude Gayssot (born 6 September 1944, in Béziers, Hérault) is a French politician.
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Jean-Jacques Candelier
Jean-Jacques Candelier (born March 7, 1945 in Bugnicourt, Nord) is a member of the National Assembly of France.
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Jean-Luc Mélenchon
Jean-Luc Antoine Pierre Mélenchon (born 19 August 1951) is a French politician serving as a member of the National Assembly of France since 2017.
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Jean-Pierre Brard
Jean-Pierre Brard, (born 7 February 1948 in Flers, Orne), is a French politician.
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Karl Marx
Karl MarxThe name "Karl Heinrich Marx", used in various lexicons, is based on an error.
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L'Express
L'Express is a French weekly news magazine headquartered in Paris.
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L'Humanité
L'Humanité ("Humanity"), is a French daily newspaper.
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La Courneuve
La Courneuve is a commune in Seine-Saint-Denis, France.
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La France Insoumise
La France Insoumise (variously translated as "Unbowed France", "Unsubmissive France", or "Untamed France") is a left-wing populist and democratic socialist political party in France, launched on 10 February 2016 by Jean-Luc Mélenchon, Member of the European Parliament and former co-president of the Left Party (PG).
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La Seyne-sur-Mer
La Seyne-sur-Mer, or La Seyne is a commune in the Var department in the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region in southeastern France.
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Laurence Jonathan Cohen
Laurence Jonathan Cohen FBA (7 May 1923 – 26 September 2006), usually cited as L. Jonathan Cohen, was a British philosopher.
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Léon Blum
André Léon Blum (9 April 1872 – 30 March 1950) was a French politician, identified with the moderate left, and three times Prime Minister of France.
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Le Havre
Le Havre, historically called Newhaven in English, is an urban French commune and city in the Seine-Maritime department in the Normandy region of northwestern France.
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Le Mans
Le Mans is a city in France, on the Sarthe River.
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Left Front (France)
The Left Front (Front de gauche, FG or FDG) is a French electoral alliance and a political movement created for the 2009 European elections by the French Communist Party and the Left Party when a left-wing minority faction decided to leave the Socialist Party, and the Unitarian Left (Gauche Unitaire), a group which left the New Anticapitalist Party.
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Left Party (France)
The Left Party (Parti de Gauche, PG) is a French democratic socialist political party, founded on 1 February 2009.
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Left-wing politics
Left-wing politics supports social equality and egalitarianism, often in opposition to social hierarchy.
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Leninism
Leninism is the political theory for the organisation of a revolutionary vanguard party and the achievement of a dictatorship of the proletariat as political prelude to the establishment of socialism.
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LGBT adoption
LGBT adoption is the adoption of children by lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT) people.
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Libération
Libération (popularly known as Libé), is a daily newspaper in France, founded in Paris by Jean-Paul Sartre and Serge July in 1973 in the wake of the protest movements of May 1968.
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Limousin
Limousin (Lemosin) is a former administrative region of France.
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Lionel Jospin
Lionel Jospin (born 12 July 1937) is a French politician, who served as Prime Minister of France from 1997 to 2002.
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List of Alsatians and Lotharingians
This is an incomplete list of well-known Alsatians and Lorrainians (people from the region of Alsace and the region of Lorraine).
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List of communist parties
There are a number of communist parties active in various countries across the world, and a number that used to be active.
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List of foreign delegations at 24th PCF Congress (1982)
The following foreign delegations attended the 24th Congress of the French Communist Party in 1982.
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List of political parties in France
France has a multi-party political system: one in which the number of competing political parties is sufficiently large as to make it almost inevitable that in order to participate in the exercise of power any single party must be prepared to negotiate with one or more others with a view to forming electoral alliances and/or coalition agreements.
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List of presidents of departmental councils (France)
In France, the President of the Departmental Council (French: Président du Conseil départemental) is the locally elected head of the Departmental Council, the assembly governing a departments in France.
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Longwy
Longwy (Langich, Longkech) is a commune in the Meurthe-et-Moselle department in northeastern France.
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Louis Althusser
Louis Pierre Althusser (16 October 1918 – 22 October 1990) was a French Marxist philosopher.
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Ludovic-Oscar Frossard
Ludovic-Oscar Frossard (5 March 1889 – 11 February 1946), also known as L.-O. Frossard or Oscar Frossard, was a French socialist and communist politician.
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Lutte Ouvrière
Workers' Struggle (Lutte Ouvrière) is the name by which the French Trotskyist political party Communist Union (Union Communiste) is usually known, after the name of its weekly paper.
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Lyon
Lyon (Liyon), is the third-largest city and second-largest urban area of France.
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Marcel Cachin
Marcel Cachin (20 September 1869 – 12 February 1958) was a French politician.
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Marcel Rigout
Marcel Rigout (10 May 1928 – 23 August 2014) was a French politician.
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Marie-France Beaufils
Marie-France Beaufils (born November 22, 1946) is a member of the Senate of France, representing the Indre-et-Loire department.
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Marie-George Buffet
Marie-George Buffet (born 7 May 1949) is a French politician.
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Marseille
Marseille (Provençal: Marselha), is the second-largest city of France and the largest city of the Provence historical region.
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Marxism–Leninism
In political science, Marxism–Leninism is the ideology of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, of the Communist International and of Stalinist political parties.
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Maurice Duverger
Maurice Duverger (5 June 1917 – 16 December 2014) was a French jurist, sociologist and politician.
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Maurice Thorez
A Soviet stamp depicting Maurice Thorez. Maurice Thorez (28 April 1900 – 11 July 1964) was a French politician and longtime leader of the French Communist Party (PCF) from 1930 until his death.
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Maxime Gremetz
Maxime Gremetz (born September 3, 1940 in Canchy, Somme) was a member of the National Assembly of France.
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Maximum wage
A maximum wage, also often called a wage ceiling, is a legal limit on how much income an individual can earn.
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May 1968 events in France
The volatile period of civil unrest in France during May 1968 was punctuated by demonstrations and massive general strikes as well as the occupation of universities and factories across France.
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Member of the European Parliament
A Member of the European Parliament (MEP) is a person who has been elected to serve as a popular representative in the European Parliament.
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Meurthe-et-Moselle
Meurthe-et-Moselle is a department in the Grand Est region of France, named after the Meurthe and Moselle rivers.
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Michel Billout
Michel Billout (born 19 February 1958) is a member of the Senate of France, representing the Seine-et-Marne department.
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Michelle Demessine
Michelle Demessine (born 18 June 1947) is a member of the Senate of France, representing the Nord department.
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Minimum wage
A minimum wage is the lowest remuneration that employers can legally pay their workers.
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Mireille Schurch
Mireille Schurch (born 4 January 1949, Lignerolles, Allier) was a member of the Senate of France, representing the Allier department as a member of the Communist, Republican, and Citizen Group (Union des communistes de France marxiste-léniniste; UCFml).
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Montceau-les-Mines
Montceau-les-Mines is a commune in the Saône-et-Loire department in the region of Bourgogne in eastern France.
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Morbihan
Morbihan (Mor-Bihan) is a department in Brittany, situated in the northwest of France.
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Mouvement Jeunes Communistes de France
The Mouvement Jeunes communistes de France (MJCF), commonly called the "JC" (for Jeunesse Communiste, historically its first name), is a political youth organisation, close to the French communist party.
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Movement of Progressives
The Movement of Progressives (Mouvement des progressistes, MDP; formerly known as the Progressive Unitary Movement) is a minor democratic-socialist political party in France.
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MRAP (NGO)
MRAP stands for Mouvement contre le racisme et pour l'amitié entre les peuples (Movement Against Racism and for Friendship between Peoples), and is an anti-racist French NGO, created in 1949.
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Munich Agreement
The Munich Agreement was a settlement permitting Nazi Germany's annexation of portions of Czechoslovakia along the country's borders mainly inhabited by German speakers, for which a new territorial designation, the "Sudetenland", was coined.
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National Assembly (France)
The National Assembly (Assemblée nationale) is the lower house of the bicameral Parliament of France under the Fifth Republic, the upper house being the Senate (Sénat).
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National Council of the Resistance
The National Council of the Resistance, in French Conseil National de la Résistance (CNR), was the body that directed and coordinated the different movements of the French Resistance - the press, trade unions, and members of political parties hostile to the Vichy regime, starting from mid-1943.
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National Front (French Resistance)
The National Front (Front national or Front national de l'indépendance de la France) was a World War II far left wing French Resistance movement, created in 1941 by Jacques Duclos and Pierre Villon, both members of the French Communist Party (PCF).
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Nationalization
Nationalization (or nationalisation) is the process of transforming private assets into public assets by bringing them under the public ownership of a national government or state.
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NATO
The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO; Organisation du Traité de l'Atlantique Nord; OTAN), also called the North Atlantic Alliance, is an intergovernmental military alliance between 29 North American and European countries.
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New Anticapitalist Party
The New Anticapitalist Party (Nouveau Parti anticapitaliste, abbreviated NPA) is a far-left French political party founded in February 2009.
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New Left
The New Left was a broad political movement mainly in the 1960s and 1970s consisting of activists in the Western world who campaigned for a broad range of social issues such as civil and political rights, feminism, gay rights, abortion rights, gender roles and drug policy reforms.
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Newspaper
A newspaper is a periodical publication containing written information about current events.
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Nièvre
Nièvre is a department in the region of Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in the centre of France named after the River Nièvre.
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Nord (French department)
Nord (North; Noorderdepartement) is a department in the far north of France.
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Nord-Pas-de-Calais
Nord-Pas-de-Calais (is a former administrative region of France. Since 1 January 2016, it is part of the new region Hauts-de-France. It consisted of the departments of Nord and Pas-de-Calais. Nord-Pas-de-Calais borders the English Channel (west), the North Sea (northwest), Belgium (north and east) and Picardy (south). The majority of the region was once part of the historical (Southern) Netherlands, but gradually became part of France between 1477 and 1678, particularly during the reign of king Louis XIV. The historical French provinces that preceded Nord-Pas-de-Calais are Artois, French Flanders, French Hainaut and (partially) Picardy. These provincial designations are still frequently used by the inhabitants. With its 330.8 people per km2 on just over 12,414 km2, it is a densely populated region, having some 4.1 million inhabitants, 7% of France's total population, making it the fourth most populous region in the country, 83% of whom live in urban communities. Its administrative centre and largest city is Lille. The second largest city is Calais, which serves as a major continental economic/transportation hub with Dover of Great Britain away; this makes Nord-Pas-de-Calais the closest continental European connection to the Great Britain. Other major towns include Valenciennes, Lens, Douai, Béthune, Dunkirk, Maubeuge, Boulogne, Arras, Cambrai and Saint-Omer. Numerous films, like Bienvenue chez les Ch'tis.
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Operation Barbarossa
Operation Barbarossa (German: Unternehmen Barbarossa) was the code name for the Axis invasion of the Soviet Union, which started on Sunday, 22 June 1941, during World War II.
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Orano
Orano (previously Areva) is a French multinational group specializing in nuclear power and renewable energy headquartered in Paris La Défense.
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Paris
Paris is the capital and most populous city of France, with an area of and a population of 2,206,488.
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Party of the European Left
The Party of the European Left (PEL), commonly abbreviated European Left, is a European political party which operates as an association of democratic socialist and communist political parties in the European Union and other European countries.
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Pas-de-Calais
Pas-de-Calais is a department in northern France named after the French designation of the Strait of Dover, which it borders ('pas' meaning passage).
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Patrick Braouezec
Patrick Braouezec (born December 11, 1950) is a member of the National Assembly of France.
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Patrick Le Hyaric
Patrick Le Hyaric (born 4 February 1957 in Orléans, Loiret) is a French journalist, politician and Member of the European Parliament (MEP), elected in the 2009 European election for the Île-de-France constituency.
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Pierre Célor
Pierre Célor (1902, Tulle, Corrèze - 1957) was a member of the French Communist Party from 1923, becoming one of the four secretaries of its Central Committee in 1929, beside Maurice Thorez and Henri Barbé.
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Pierre Juquin
Pierre Juquin (born February 22, 1930, in Clermont-Ferrand) is a French communist politician and trade unionist.
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Pierre Laurent (politician)
Pierre Laurent (born 1 July 1957) is a French politician and journalist.
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Pierre Semard
Pierre Semard (15 February 1887, Bragny-sur-Saône, Saône-et-Loire - 7 March 1942, Évreux, Eure) was a trade unionist, secretary general of the federation of railway-workers and leader of the French Communist Party (acting as its secretary general from 1924 to 1928).
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Pif Gadget
Pif Gadget was a French comic magazine for children that ran from 1969 to 1993 and 2004 to 2009.
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Place du Colonel Fabien
The Place du Colonel Fabien (in English: "Colonel Fabien Square") is a square in Paris, France Before the liberation of Paris, the square was called the Place du Combat and was renamed in honour of the French communist resistance hero, Pierre Georges, whose nom-de-guerre was Colonel Fabien.
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Plural Left
The Gauche Plurielle (French for Plural Left) was a left-wing coalition in France, composed of the Socialist Party (Parti socialiste or PS), the French Communist Party (Parti communiste français or PCF), the Greens, the Left Radical Party (Parti radical de gauche or PRG), and the Citizens' Movement (Mouvement des citoyens or MDC).
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Pole of Communist Revival in France
The Pole of Communist Revival in France (Pôle de Renaissance Communiste en France, PRCF) is a French political party founded in January 2004.
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Popular Front (France)
The Popular Front (Front populaire) was an alliance of left-wing movements, including the French Communist Party (PCF), the French Section of the Workers' International (SFIO) and the Radical and Socialist Party, during the interwar period.
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Proportional representation
Proportional representation (PR) characterizes electoral systems by which divisions into an electorate are reflected proportionately into the elected body.
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Public sector
The public sector (also called the state sector) is the part of the economy composed of both public services and public enterprises.
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Radical Party of the Left
The Radical Party of the Left (Parti radical de gauche, PRG) was a social-liberal political party in France.
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Reading Capital
Reading Capital (Lire le Capital) is a 1965 work of Marxist philosophy by Louis Althusser, Étienne Balibar, Roger Establet, Jacques Rancière, and Pierre Macherey.
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Red
Red is the color at the end of the visible spectrum of light, next to orange and opposite violet.
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Regional council (France)
A regional council (conseil régional) is the elected assembly of a region of France.
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Revolution
In political science, a revolution (Latin: revolutio, "a turn around") is a fundamental and relatively sudden change in political power and political organization which occurs when the population revolt against the government, typically due to perceived oppression (political, social, economic).
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Revolutionary Communist League (France)
The Revolutionary Communist League (Ligue communiste révolutionnaire) (LCR) was a Trotskyist political party in France.
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Right of foreigners to vote
In most countries, suffrage, the right to vote, is generally limited to citizens of the country.
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Robert Hue
Robert Hue, in full Robert Georges Auguste Hue (born 19 October 1946), is a French politician who was National Secretary of the French Communist Party (PCF) from 1994 to 2001 and President of the PCF from 2001 to 2002.
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Roger Roche
Roger Roche was a French political activist in Senegal.
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Romilly-sur-Seine
Romilly-sur-Seine is a commune in the Aube department in north-central France.
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Rufisque
Rufisque is a city in the Dakar region of western Senegal, at the base of the Cap-Vert Peninsula.
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Saint-Étienne
Saint-Étienne (Sant-Etiève; Saint Stephen) is a city in eastern central France, in the Massif Central, southwest of Lyon in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region, on the trunk road that connects Toulouse with Lyon.
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Saint-Nazaire
Saint-Nazaire (Gallo: Saint-Nazère/Saint-Nazaer) is a commune in the Loire-Atlantique department in western France, in traditional Brittany.
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Same-sex marriage
Same-sex marriage (also known as gay marriage) is the marriage of a same-sex couple, entered into in a civil or religious ceremony.
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Second Spanish Republic
The Spanish Republic (República Española), commonly known as the Second Spanish Republic (Segunda República Española), was the democratic government that existed in Spain from 1931 to 1939.
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Secretariat of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union
The Secretariat of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU), often referred to as the Secretariat of the CPSU Central Committee, had responsibility for the central administration of the party as opposed to drafting government policy (which was usually handled by the Politburo).
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Seine-Maritime
Seine-Maritime is a department of France in the Normandy region of northern France.
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Seine-Saint-Denis
italic is a French department located in the italic region.
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Senate (France)
The Senate (Sénat; pronunciation) is the upper house of the French Parliament, presided over by a president.
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Sergey Tolstov
Sergey Pavlovich Tolstov (Сергей Павлович Толстов, 1907 — 1976) was a Russian and Soviet archaeologist and ethnographer.
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Sharecropping
Sharecropping is a form of agriculture in which a landowner allows a tenant to use the land in return for a share of the crops produced on their portion of land.
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Social democracy
Social democracy is a political, social and economic ideology that supports economic and social interventions to promote social justice within the framework of a liberal democratic polity and capitalist economy.
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Socialist Party (France)
The Socialist Party (Parti socialiste, PS) is a social-democratic political party in France, and the largest party of the French centre-left.
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Solidarity tax on wealth
The solidarity tax on wealth (Impôt de solidarité sur la fortune or ISF) is an annual direct wealth tax on those in France having assets in excess of €1,300,000, (since 2011).
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Somme (department)
Somme is a department of France, located in the north of the country and named after the Somme river.
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Soviet Union
The Soviet Union, officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) was a socialist state in Eurasia that existed from 1922 to 1991.
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Stalinism
Stalinism is the means of governing and related policies implemented from the 1920s to 1953 by Joseph Stalin (1878–1953).
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State monopoly capitalism
The theory of state monopoly capitalism (also referred as stamocap) was initially a Marxist doctrine popularised after World War II.
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State of Palestine
Palestine (فلسطين), officially the State of Palestine (دولة فلسطين), is a ''de jure'' sovereign state in the Middle East claiming the West Bank (bordering Israel and Jordan) and Gaza Strip (bordering Israel and Egypt) with East Jerusalem as the designated capital, although its administrative center is currently located in Ramallah.
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Statism
In political science, statism is the belief that the state should control either economic or social policy, or both, to some degree.
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Tarn (department)
Tarn is a French department located in the Occitanie region in the southwest of France named after the Tarn river.
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The Internationale
"The Internationale" (L'Internationale) is a left-wing anthem.
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The Republicans (France)
The Republicans (Les Républicains; LR) is a centre-right political party in France.
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Thierry Foucaud
Thierry Foucaud (born 18 January 1954) is a member of the Senate of France, representing the Seine-Maritime department.
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Tobin tax
A Tobin tax, suggested by Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences Laureate economist James Tobin, was originally defined as a tax on all spot conversions of one currency into another.
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Trade union
A trade union or trades union, also called a labour union (Canada) or labor union (US), is an organization of workers who have come together to achieve many common goals; such as protecting the integrity of its trade, improving safety standards, and attaining better wages, benefits (such as vacation, health care, and retirement), and working conditions through the increased bargaining power wielded by the creation of a monopoly of the workers.
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Treaty of Lisbon
The Treaty of Lisbon (initially known as the Reform Treaty) is an international agreement that amends the two treaties which form the constitutional basis of the European Union (EU).
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Tripartisme
Tripartisme was the mode of government in France from 1944 to 1947, when the country was ruled by a three-party alliance of communists, socialists and Christian democrats, represented by the French Communist Party (PCF), the French Section of the Workers' International (SFIO) and the Popular Republican Movement (MRP), respectively.
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Trotskyism
Trotskyism is the theory of Marxism as advocated by Leon Trotsky.
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Unified Socialist Party (France)
The Unified Socialist Party (Parti Socialiste Unifié, PSU) was a socialist political party in France, founded on April 3, 1960.
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Union of Communist Students
The Union of Communist Students (Union des étudiants communistes, UEC) is a French student political organization, part of the Mouvement Jeunes Communistes de France (MJCF, Young Communists Movement of France).
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United Left (France)
United Left (Gauche unitaire, GU) was a political party in France which used to be one part of a faction (under the name Unir or Unite) within the Revolutionary Communist League.
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Val-de-Marne
Val-de-Marne is a French department, named after the Marne River, located in the Île-de-France region.
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Var (department)
The Var is a department in the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region in Provence in southeastern France.
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Vietnam
Vietnam, officially the Socialist Republic of Vietnam, is the easternmost country on the Indochina Peninsula in Southeast Asia.
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Vitry-sur-Seine
Vitry-sur-Seine is a commune in the southeastern suburbs of Paris, France.
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Waldeck Rochet
Waldeck Rochet (5 April 1905 in Sainte-Croix in Saône-et-Loire – 17 February 1983 in Nanterre) was a French communist politician.
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War in Afghanistan (2001–present)
The War in Afghanistan (or the U.S. War in Afghanistan; code named Operation Enduring Freedom – Afghanistan (2001–2014) and Operation Freedom's Sentinel (2015–present)) followed the United States invasion of Afghanistan of October 7, 2001.
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15th arrondissement of Paris
The 15th arrondissement of Paris (XVe arrondissement) is one of the 20 arrondissements of the capital city of France.
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1905 French law on the Separation of the Churches and the State
The 1905 French law on the Separation of the Churches and State (French) was passed by the Chamber of Deputies on 9 December 1905.
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Redirects here:
Communist Party (France), Communist Party of France, Communistes, French Communist Party (PCF), French Section of the Communist International, French communist party, Parti Communiste Francais, Parti Communiste Français, Parti communiste francais, Parti communiste français, SFIC.
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_Communist_Party
