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George Biddell Airy

Index George Biddell Airy

Sir George Biddell Airy (27 July 18012 January 1892) was an English mathematician and astronomer, Astronomer Royal from 1835 to 1881. [1]

128 relations: Aberration of light, Aether drag hypothesis, Airy (lunar crater), Airy (Martian crater), Airy disk, Airy function, Airy points, Airy wave theory, Airy-0, Albert Medal (Royal Society of Arts), Alnwick, Altazimuth mount, American Academy of Arts and Sciences, Anna Airy, Astronomer, Astronomer Royal, Astronomy, British Science Association, Cambridge Observatory, Cambridge Philosophical Society, Charles Babbage, Charles-Eugène Delaunay, Colchester Royal Grammar School, Copley Medal, Deformation (mechanics), Derbyshire, Differential equation, Dolcoath mine, Earth, Edward Routh, English Civil War, Equatorial mount, Euler–Bernoulli beam theory, Fellow of the Royal Society, Fluid, Focal length, Fracture mechanics, Francis Baily, Francis Ronalds, French Academy of Sciences, George Eden, 1st Earl of Auckland, George Peacock, George Tomline (politician), Gold Medal of the Royal Astronomical Society, Gravity, Greenwich, GRS 80, Hereford, Hubert Airy, Hugh Percy, 3rd Duke of Northumberland, ..., James Bradley, James Challis, James South, Jean Baptiste Joseph Delambre, Johann Gottfried Galle, John Couch Adams, John Pond, Journal for the History of Astronomy, Jupiter, Kentmere, King's Observatory, Lalande Prize, Latitude, Light, Lincolnshire, List of craters on Mars, List of Lords Commissioners of the Admiralty, Longitude, Lucasian Professor of Mathematics, Lunar craters, Mathematician, Mathematics, Meridian (astronomy), Meridian circle, Migraine, Mining, Monarchy of Denmark, Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Moon, Nathaniel Bliss, Neptune, Nevil Maskelyne, North British Railway, Orbit, Order of the Bath, Ordnance Survey, Parallax, Pendulum, Peter Andreas Hansen, Planet, Playford, Suffolk, Plumian Professor of Astronomy and Experimental Philosophy, Prime meridian, Rainbow, Refraction, Relative density, Richard Sheepshanks, Royal Astronomical Society, Royal Medal, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Royal Society, Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, Senior Wrangler (University of Cambridge), Sizar, Smith's Prize, Society for the History of Astronomy, Solid mechanics, South Shields, Spectroscopy, Stress (mechanics), Sunspot, Tay Bridge disaster, Telescope, The Times, Thomas Bouch, Thomas Clarkson, Thomas Turton, Transit instrument, Trinity College, Cambridge, Tuberculosis, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, Uranus, Urbain Le Verrier, Venus, Westmorland, Wind wave, World Geodetic System, Zenith telescope. Expand index (78 more) »

Aberration of light

The aberration of light (also referred to as astronomical aberration, stellar aberration, or velocity aberration) is an astronomical phenomenon which produces an apparent motion of celestial objects about their true positions, dependent on the velocity of the observer.

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Aether drag hypothesis

In the 19th century, the theory of the luminiferous aether as the hypothetical medium for the propagation of light was widely discussed.

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Airy (lunar crater)

LRO WAC mosaic Oblique view from Apollo 14 Vicinity of Airy, as viewed from Earth from the Bayfordbury Observatory Airy is a lunar impact crater located in the southern highlands.

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Airy (Martian crater)

Airy is an impact crater on Mars, named in honor of the British Astronomer, Royal Sir George Biddell Airy (1801–1892).

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Airy disk

In optics, the Airy disk (or Airy disc) and Airy pattern are descriptions of the best focused spot of light that a perfect lens with a circular aperture can make, limited by the diffraction of light.

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Airy function

In the physical sciences, the Airy function (or Airy function of the first kind) Ai(x) is a special function named after the British astronomer George Biddell Airy (1801–92).

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Airy points

Airy points (after George Biddell Airy) are used for precision measurement (metrology) to support a length standard in such a way as to minimise bending or droop of a horizontally supported beam.

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Airy wave theory

In fluid dynamics, Airy wave theory (often referred to as linear wave theory) gives a linearised description of the propagation of gravity waves on the surface of a homogeneous fluid layer.

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Airy-0

Airy-0 is a crater on Mars whose location defined the position of the prime meridian of that planet.

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Albert Medal (Royal Society of Arts)

The Albert Medal of the Royal Society of Arts (RSA) was instituted in 1864 as a memorial to Prince Albert, who had been President of the Society for 18 years.

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Alnwick

Alnwick is a market town in north Northumberland, England, of which it is the traditional county town.

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Altazimuth mount

An altazimuth or alt-azimuth mount is a simple two-axis mount for supporting and rotating an instrument about two perpendicular axes – one vertical and the other horizontal.

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American Academy of Arts and Sciences

The American Academy of Arts and Sciences is one of the oldest learned societies in the United States of America.

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Anna Airy

Anna Airy (6 June 1882 – 23 October 1964) was an English oil painter, pastel artist and etcher.

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Astronomer

An astronomer is a scientist in the field of astronomy who concentrates their studies on a specific question or field outside the scope of Earth.

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Astronomer Royal

Astronomer Royal is a senior post in the Royal Households of the United Kingdom.

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Astronomy

Astronomy (from ἀστρονομία) is a natural science that studies celestial objects and phenomena.

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British Science Association

The British Science Association (BSA) is a charity and learned society founded in 1831 to aid in the promotion and development of science.

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Cambridge Observatory

Cambridge Observatory is an astronomical observatory at the University of Cambridge in the East of England.

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Cambridge Philosophical Society

The Cambridge Philosophical Society (CPS) is a scientific society at the University of Cambridge.

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Charles Babbage

Charles Babbage (26 December 1791 – 18 October 1871) was an English polymath.

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Charles-Eugène Delaunay

Charles-Eugène Delaunay (9 April 1816 – 5 August 1872) was a French astronomer and mathematician.

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Colchester Royal Grammar School

Colchester Royal Grammar School (CRGS) is a state-funded grammar school in Colchester, Essex, founded in 1206 and granted two Royal Charters by Henry VIII (in 1539) and by Elizabeth I (in 1584).

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Copley Medal

The Copley Medal is a scientific award given by the Royal Society, for "outstanding achievements in research in any branch of science." It alternates between the physical and the biological sciences.

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Deformation (mechanics)

Deformation in continuum mechanics is the transformation of a body from a reference configuration to a current configuration.

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Derbyshire

Derbyshire is a county in the East Midlands of England.

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Differential equation

A differential equation is a mathematical equation that relates some function with its derivatives.

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Dolcoath mine

Dolcoath mine (Bal Dorkoth was a copper and tin mine in Camborne, Cornwall, England, United Kingdom. Its name derives from the Cornish for 'Old Ground', and it was also affectionately known as The Queen of Cornish Mines. The site is north-west of Carn Brea. Dolcoath Road runs between the A3047 road and Chapel Hill. The site is south of this road.

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Earth

Earth is the third planet from the Sun and the only astronomical object known to harbor life.

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Edward Routh

Edward John Routh FRS (20 January 1831 – 7 June 1907), was an English mathematician, noted as the outstanding coach of students preparing for the Mathematical Tripos examination of the University of Cambridge in its heyday in the middle of the nineteenth century.

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English Civil War

The English Civil War (1642–1651) was a series of armed conflicts and political machinations between Parliamentarians ("Roundheads") and Royalists ("Cavaliers") over, principally, the manner of England's governance.

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Equatorial mount

An equatorial mount is a mount for instruments that compensates for Earth's rotation by having one rotational axis parallel to the Earth's axis of rotation.

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Euler–Bernoulli beam theory

Euler–Bernoulli beam theory (also known as engineer's beam theory or classical beam theory)Timoshenko, S., (1953), History of strength of materials, McGraw-Hill New York is a simplification of the linear theory of elasticity which provides a means of calculating the load-carrying and deflection characteristics of beams.

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Fellow of the Royal Society

Fellowship of the Royal Society (FRS, ForMemRS and HonFRS) is an award granted to individuals that the Royal Society judges to have made a "substantial contribution to the improvement of natural knowledge, including mathematics, engineering science and medical science".

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Fluid

In physics, a fluid is a substance that continually deforms (flows) under an applied shear stress.

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Focal length

The focal length of an optical system is a measure of how strongly the system converges or diverges light.

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Fracture mechanics

Fracture mechanics is the field of mechanics concerned with the study of the propagation of cracks in materials.

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Francis Baily

Francis Baily (28 April 177430 August 1844) was an English astronomer.

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Francis Ronalds

Sir Francis Ronalds FRS (21 February 1788 – 8 August 1873) was an English scientist and inventor, and arguably the first electrical engineer.

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French Academy of Sciences

The French Academy of Sciences (French: Académie des sciences) is a learned society, founded in 1666 by Louis XIV at the suggestion of Jean-Baptiste Colbert, to encourage and protect the spirit of French scientific research.

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George Eden, 1st Earl of Auckland

George Eden, 1st Earl of Auckland, (25 August 1784 – 1 January 1849) was an English Whig politician and colonial administrator.

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George Peacock

George Peacock FRS (9 April 1791 – 8 November 1858) was an English mathematician.

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George Tomline (politician)

George Tomline (3 March 1813 – 25 August 1889), referred to as Colonel Tomline, was an English politician who served as Member of Parliament (MP) for various constituencies.

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Gold Medal of the Royal Astronomical Society

The Gold Medal of the Royal Astronomical Society (RAS) is the highest award given by the RAS.

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Gravity

Gravity, or gravitation, is a natural phenomenon by which all things with mass or energy—including planets, stars, galaxies, and even light—are brought toward (or gravitate toward) one another.

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Greenwich

Greenwich is an area of south east London, England, located east-southeast of Charing Cross.

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GRS 80

GRS 80, or Geodetic Reference System 1980, is a geodetic reference system consisting of a global reference ellipsoid and a gravity field model.

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Hereford

Hereford is a cathedral city, civil parish and county town of Herefordshire, England.

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Hubert Airy

Hubert Airy (June 14, 1838 – June 1, 1903) was an English physician, pioneer in the study of migraine.

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Hugh Percy, 3rd Duke of Northumberland

Hugh Percy, 3rd Duke of Northumberland (20 April 1785 – 11 February 1847), styled Earl Percy until 1817, was a British aristocrat and Tory politician who served as Lord Lieutenant of Ireland under the Duke of Wellington from 1829 to 1830.

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James Bradley

James Bradley FRS (March 1693 – 13 July 1762) was an English astronomer and priest and served as Astronomer Royal from 1742, succeeding Edmond Halley.

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James Challis

James Challis FRS (12 December 1803 – 3 December 1882) was an English clergyman, physicist and astronomer.

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James South

Sir James South (October 1785 – 19 October 1867) was a British astronomer.

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Jean Baptiste Joseph Delambre

Jean Baptiste Joseph, chevalier Delambre (19 September 1749 – 19 August 1822) was a French mathematician and astronomer.

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Johann Gottfried Galle

Johann Gottfried Galle, 1880 Galle's signature Memorial plaque in Wittenberg Johann Gottfried Galle (9 June 1812 – 10 July 1910) was a German astronomer from Radis, Germany, at the Berlin Observatory who, on 23 September 1846, with the assistance of student Heinrich Louis d'Arrest, was the first person to view the planet Neptune and know what he was looking at.

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John Couch Adams

John Couch Adams (5 June 1819 – 21 January 1892) was a British mathematician and astronomer.

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John Pond

John Pond FRS (1767 – 7 September 1836) was a renowned English astronomer who became the sixth Astronomer Royal, serving from 1811 to 1835.

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Journal for the History of Astronomy

Journal for the History of Astronomy (JHA) is a peer-reviewed academic journal that publishes papers in the History of Astronomy from earliest times to the present, and in history in the service of astronomy.

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Jupiter

Jupiter is the fifth planet from the Sun and the largest in the Solar System.

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Kentmere

Kentmere is a valley, village and civil parish in the Lake District National Park, a few miles from Kendal in the South Lakeland district of Cumbria, England.

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King's Observatory

The King's Observatory (called for many years the Kew Observatory) is a Grade I listed building in Richmond, London.

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Lalande Prize

The Lalande Prize (French: Prix Lalande) was an award for scientific advances in astronomy, given from 1802 until 1970 by the French Academy of Sciences.

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Latitude

In geography, latitude is a geographic coordinate that specifies the north–south position of a point on the Earth's surface.

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Light

Light is electromagnetic radiation within a certain portion of the electromagnetic spectrum.

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Lincolnshire

Lincolnshire (abbreviated Lincs) is a county in east central England.

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List of craters on Mars

This is a list of craters on Mars.

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List of Lords Commissioners of the Admiralty

This is a list of Lords Commissioners of the Admiralty (incomplete before the Restoration, 1660).

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Longitude

Longitude, is a geographic coordinate that specifies the east-west position of a point on the Earth's surface.

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Lucasian Professor of Mathematics

The Lucasian Chair of Mathematics is a mathematics professorship in the University of Cambridge, England; its holder is known as the Lucasian Professor.

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Lunar craters

Lunar craters are impact craters on Earth's Moon.

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Mathematician

A mathematician is someone who uses an extensive knowledge of mathematics in his or her work, typically to solve mathematical problems.

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Mathematics

Mathematics (from Greek μάθημα máthēma, "knowledge, study, learning") is the study of such topics as quantity, structure, space, and change.

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Meridian (astronomy)

In astronomy, the meridian is the great circle passing through the celestial poles, the zenith, and the nadir of an observer's location.

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Meridian circle

The meridian circle is an instrument for timing of the passage of stars across the local meridian, an event known as a culmination, while at the same time measuring their angular distance from the nadir.

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Migraine

A migraine is a primary headache disorder characterized by recurrent headaches that are moderate to severe.

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Mining

Mining is the extraction of valuable minerals or other geological materials from the earth, usually from an orebody, lode, vein, seam, reef or placer deposit.

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Monarchy of Denmark

The Monarchy of Denmark, colloquially known as the Danish Monarchy, is a constitutional institution and a historic office of the Kingdom of Denmark.

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Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society (MNRAS) is a peer-reviewed scientific journal covering research in astronomy and astrophysics.

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Moon

The Moon is an astronomical body that orbits planet Earth and is Earth's only permanent natural satellite.

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Nathaniel Bliss

The Reverend Nathaniel Bliss (28 November 1700 – 2 September 1764) was an English astronomer of the 18th century, serving as Britain's fourth Astronomer Royal between 1762 and 1764.

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Neptune

Neptune is the eighth and farthest known planet from the Sun in the Solar System.

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Nevil Maskelyne

The Rev Dr Nevil Maskelyne DD FRS FRSE (6 October 1732 – 9 February 1811) was the fifth British Astronomer Royal.

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North British Railway

The North British Railway was a British railway company, based in Edinburgh, Scotland.

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Orbit

In physics, an orbit is the gravitationally curved trajectory of an object, such as the trajectory of a planet around a star or a natural satellite around a planet.

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Order of the Bath

The Most Honourable Order of the Bath (formerly the Most Honourable Military Order of the Bath) is a British order of chivalry founded by George I on 18 May 1725.

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Ordnance Survey

Ordnance Survey (OS) is a national mapping agency in the United Kingdom which covers the island of Great Britain.

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Parallax

Parallax is a displacement or difference in the apparent position of an object viewed along two different lines of sight, and is measured by the angle or semi-angle of inclination between those two lines.

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Pendulum

A pendulum is a weight suspended from a pivot so that it can swing freely.

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Peter Andreas Hansen

Peter Andreas Hansen (born December 8, 1795 Tønder, Schleswig, Denmark – died March 28, 1874 Gotha, Thuringia, Germany) was a Danish German astronomer.

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Planet

A planet is an astronomical body orbiting a star or stellar remnant that is massive enough to be rounded by its own gravity, is not massive enough to cause thermonuclear fusion, and has cleared its neighbouring region of planetesimals.

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Playford, Suffolk

Playford is a small village in Suffolk, England, on the outskirts of Ipswich.

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Plumian Professor of Astronomy and Experimental Philosophy

The Plumian chair of Astronomy and Experimental Philosophy is one of the two major Professorships in Astronomy at Cambridge University, alongside the Lowndean Professorship.

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Prime meridian

A prime meridian is a meridian (a line of longitude) in a geographic coordinate system at which longitude is defined to be 0°.

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Rainbow

A rainbow is a meteorological phenomenon that is caused by reflection, refraction and dispersion of light in water droplets resulting in a spectrum of light appearing in the sky.

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Refraction

Refraction is the change in direction of wave propagation due to a change in its transmission medium.

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Relative density

Relative density, or specific gravity, is the ratio of the density (mass of a unit volume) of a substance to the density of a given reference material.

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Richard Sheepshanks

Richard Sheepshanks (30 July 1794, in Leeds – 4 August 1855, in Reading) was an English astronomer.

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Royal Astronomical Society

The Royal Astronomical Society (RAS) is a learned society that began as the Astronomical Society of London in 1820 to support astronomical research (mainly carried on at the time by 'gentleman astronomers' rather than professionals).

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Royal Medal

A Royal Medal, known also as The King's Medal or The Queen's Medal, depending on the gender of the monarch at the time of the award, is a silver-gilt medal, of which three are awarded each year by the Royal Society, two for "the most important contributions to the advancement of natural knowledge" and one for "distinguished contributions in the applied sciences", done within the Commonwealth of Nations.

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Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences

The Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (Koninklijke Nederlandse Akademie van Wetenschappen, abbreviated: KNAW) is an organization dedicated to the advancement of science and literature in the Netherlands.

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Royal Society

The President, Council and Fellows of the Royal Society of London for Improving Natural Knowledge, commonly known as the Royal Society, is a learned society.

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Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences

The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences or Kungliga Vetenskapsakademien is one of the Royal Academies of Sweden.

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Senior Wrangler (University of Cambridge)

The Senior Wrangler is the top mathematics undergraduate at Cambridge University in England, a position which has been described as "the greatest intellectual achievement attainable in Britain." Specifically, it is the person who achieves the highest overall mark among the Wranglers – the students at Cambridge who gain first-class degrees in mathematics.

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Sizar

At Trinity College, Dublin and the University of Cambridge, a sizar is an undergraduate who receives some form of assistance such as meals, lower fees or lodging during his or her period of study, in some cases in return for doing a defined job.

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Smith's Prize

The Smith's Prize was the name of each of two prizes awarded annually to two research students in mathematics and theoretical physics at the University of Cambridge from 1769.

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Society for the History of Astronomy

The Society for the History of Astronomy is an organisation based in the United Kingdom that promotes research into the history of astronomy.

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Solid mechanics

Solid mechanics is the branch of continuum mechanics that studies the behavior of solid materials, especially their motion and deformation under the action of forces, temperature changes, phase changes, and other external or internal agents.

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South Shields

South Shields is a coastal town at the mouth of the River Tyne, England, about downstream from Newcastle upon Tyne.

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Spectroscopy

Spectroscopy is the study of the interaction between matter and electromagnetic radiation.

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Stress (mechanics)

In continuum mechanics, stress is a physical quantity that expresses the internal forces that neighboring particles of a continuous material exert on each other, while strain is the measure of the deformation of the material.

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Sunspot

Sunspots are temporary phenomena on the Sun's photosphere that appear as spots darker than the surrounding areas.

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Tay Bridge disaster

The Tay Bridge disaster occurred during a violent storm on Sunday 28 December 1879 when the first Tay Rail Bridge collapsed while a train was passing over it from Wormit to Dundee, killing all aboard.

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Telescope

A telescope is an optical instrument that aids in the observation of remote objects by collecting electromagnetic radiation (such as visible light).

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The Times

The Times is a British daily (Monday to Saturday) national newspaper based in London, England.

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Thomas Bouch

Sir Thomas Bouch (25 February 1822 – 30 October 1880) was a British railway engineer.

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Thomas Clarkson

Thomas Clarkson (28 March 1760 – 26 September 1846) was an English abolitionist, and a leading campaigner against the slave trade in the British Empire.

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Thomas Turton

Thomas Turton (25 February 1780 – 7 January 1864) was an English academic and divine, the Bishop of Ely from 1845 to 1864.

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Transit instrument

In astronomy, transit instruments are used for the precise observation of star positions.

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Trinity College, Cambridge

Trinity College is a constituent college of the University of Cambridge in England.

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Tuberculosis

Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease usually caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB).

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United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland

The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland was established by the Acts of Union 1800, which merged the kingdoms of Great Britain and Ireland.

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Uranus

Uranus is the seventh planet from the Sun.

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Urbain Le Verrier

Urbain Jean Joseph Le Verrier (11 March 1811 – 23 September 1877) was a French mathematician who specialized in celestial mechanics and is best known for predicting the existence and position of Neptune using only mathematics.

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Venus

Venus is the second planet from the Sun, orbiting it every 224.7 Earth days.

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Westmorland

Westmorland (formerly also spelt Westmoreland;R. Wilkinson The British Isles, Sheet The British Isles. even older spellings are Westmerland and Westmereland) is a historic county in north west England.

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Wind wave

In fluid dynamics, wind waves, or wind-generated waves, are surface waves that occur on the free surface of bodies of water (like oceans, seas, lakes, rivers, canals, puddles or ponds).

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World Geodetic System

The World Geodetic System (WGS) is a standard for use in cartography, geodesy, and satellite navigation including GPS.

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Zenith telescope

A zenith telescope is a type of telescope that is designed to point straight up at or near the zenith.

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Redirects here:

Airy, George Biddell, Sir, G B Airy, G. B. Airy, GB Airy, George Airy, George B. Airy, George Biddell Airy FRS, George Biddell, Sir Airy, Sir George Airy, Sir George Biddell Airy, Sir George Biddell Airy FRS.

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Biddell_Airy

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