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148 relations: ABET, Albert Atterberg, Ancient Greece, Angle of repose, Artificial island, Atterberg limits, Bearing capacity, Bedrock, Big Dig, Bridge, Caisson (engineering), California, Catenary, Cellular confinement, Channel (geography), Charles-Augustin de Coulomb, China, Christian Otto Mohr, Civil engineering, Coast, Coastal engineering, Compressibility, Cone penetration test, Consolidation (soil), Constitutive equation, Construction, Critical state soil mechanics, Dam, Darcy's law, Debris flow, Deep foundation, Deep Foundations Institute, Dynamic compaction, Earth materials, Earth structure, Earthquake, Earthworks (engineering), Effective stress, Egypt, Embankment (transportation), Engineering, Engineering geologist, Engineering geology, Exploration geophysics, Fault (geology), Fertile Crescent, Floating wind turbine, Foundation (engineering), Geocomposite, Geogrid, ..., Geohazard, Geologic map, Geologist, Geology, Geomembrane, Geoprofessions, Geosynthetics, Geotechnical centrifuge modeling, Geotechnical investigation, Geotextile, Ground freezing, Ground-penetrating radar, Groundwater, Hazardous waste, Henry Darcy, Indus River, International Society for Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering, Jetty, Jin Mao Tower, Joseph Valentin Boussinesq, Karl von Terzaghi, Land reclamation, Landfill, Landslide, Lateral earth pressure, Leaning Tower of Pisa, Levee, List of engineering branches, Marina, Mass wasting, Master's degree, Mechanically stabilized earth, Mesopotamia, Military engineering, Mineral, Mining engineering, Mohenjo-daro, Mohr's circle, Mohr–Coulomb theory, Moment of inertia, Mooring (watercraft), Napa, California, Observational method (geotechnics), Ocean current, Offshore construction, Offshore geotechnical engineering, Oil platform, Oregon, Osborne Reynolds, Permeability (earth sciences), Petroleum engineering, Photogrammetry, Pier, Plasticity (physics), Pore water pressure, Porosity, Q-slope, Rayleigh wave, Regulation and licensure in engineering, Reinforced concrete, Reservoir, Retaining wall, Road roller, Rock mass classification, Rock mechanics, Rockfall, Sea, Sediment control, Seismic wave, Seismology, Shallow foundation, Shear strength (soil), Shear stress, Sinkhole, Skyscraper, Slope stability, Soil, Soil classification, Soil compaction, Soil liquefaction, Soil mechanics, Soil physics, Soil science, Specific weight, Standard penetration test, Submarine pipeline, Subsea (technology), Tension-leg platform, Triaxial shear test, Tunnel, Underpinning, Void ratio, Water content, Wharf, William John Macquorn Rankine, Wind, Wind wave, Wing wall. Expand index (98 more) »
ABET
ABET, incorporated as the Accreditation Board for Engineering and Technology, Inc., is a non-governmental organization that accredits post-secondary education programs in applied and natural science, computing, engineering and engineering technology.
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Albert Atterberg
Albert Mauritz Atterberg (March 19, 1846 – April 4, 1916) was a Swedish chemist and agricultural scientist who created the Atterberg limits, which are commonly referred to by geotechnical engineers and engineering geologists today.
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Ancient Greece
Ancient Greece was a civilization belonging to a period of Greek history from the Greek Dark Ages of the 13th–9th centuries BC to the end of antiquity (AD 600).
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Angle of repose
The angle of repose, or critical angle of repose, of a granular material is the steepest angle of descent or dip relative to the horizontal plane to which a material can be piled without slumping.
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Artificial island
An artificial island or man-made island is an island that has been constructed by people rather than formed by natural means.
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Atterberg limits
The Atterberg limits are a basic measure of the critical water contents of a fine-grained soil: its shrinkage limit, plastic limit, and liquid limit.
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Bearing capacity
In geotechnical engineering, bearing capacity is the capacity of soil to support the loads applied to the ground.
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Bedrock
In geology, bedrock is the lithified rock that lies under a loose softer material called regolith at the surface of the Earth or other terrestrial planets.
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Big Dig
The Central Artery/Tunnel Project (CA/T), known unofficially as the Big Dig, was a megaproject in Boston that rerouted the Central Artery of Interstate 93, the chief highway through the heart of the city, into the 1.5-mile (2.4 km) Thomas P. O'Neill Jr. Tunnel.
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Bridge
A bridge is a structure built to span physical obstacles without closing the way underneath such as a body of water, valley, or road, for the purpose of providing passage over the obstacle.
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Caisson (engineering)
In geotechnical engineering, a caisson is a watertight retaining structure used, for example, to work on the foundations of a bridge pier, for the construction of a concrete dam, or for the repair of ships.
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California
California is a state in the Pacific Region of the United States.
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Catenary
In physics and geometry, a catenary is the curve that an idealized hanging chain or cable assumes under its own weight when supported only at its ends.
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Cellular confinement
Cellular confinement systems (CCS)—also known as geocells—are widely used in construction for erosion control, soil stabilization on flat ground and steep slopes, channel protection, and structural reinforcement for load support and earth retention.
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Channel (geography)
In physical geography, a channel is a type of landform consisting of the outline of a path of relatively shallow and narrow body of fluid, most commonly the confine of a river, river delta or strait.
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Charles-Augustin de Coulomb
Charles-Augustin de Coulomb (14 June 1736 – 23 August 1806) was a French military engineer and physicist.
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China
China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a unitary one-party sovereign state in East Asia and the world's most populous country, with a population of around /1e9 round 3 billion.
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Christian Otto Mohr
Christian Otto Mohr (8 October 1835 – 2 October 1918) was a German civil engineer.
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Civil engineering
Civil engineering is a professional engineering discipline that deals with the design, construction, and maintenance of the physical and naturally built environment, including works such as roads, bridges, canals, dams, airports, sewerage systems, pipelines, and railways.
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Coast
A coastline or a seashore is the area where land meets the sea or ocean, or a line that forms the boundary between the land and the ocean or a lake.
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Coastal engineering
Coastal engineering is a branch of civil engineering concerned with the specific demands posed by constructing at or near the coast, as well as the development of the coast itself.
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Compressibility
In thermodynamics and fluid mechanics, compressibility (also known as the coefficient of compressibility or isothermal compressibility) is a measure of the relative volume change of a fluid or solid as a response to a pressure (or mean stress) change.
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Cone penetration test
The cone penetration or cone penetrometer test (CPT) is a method used to determine the geotechnical engineering properties of soils and delineating soil stratigraphy.
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Consolidation (soil)
Consolidation refers to the process by which soils change volume in response to a change in pressure.
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Constitutive equation
In physics and engineering, a constitutive equation or constitutive relation is a relation between two physical quantities (especially kinetic quantities as related to kinematic quantities) that is specific to a material or substance, and approximates the response of that material to external stimuli, usually as applied fields or forces.
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Construction
Construction is the process of constructing a building or infrastructure.
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Critical state soil mechanics
Critical State Soil Mechanics is the area of soil mechanics that encompasses the conceptual models that represent the mechanical behavior of saturated remolded soils based on the Critical State concept.
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Dam
A dam is a barrier that stops or restricts the flow of water or underground streams.
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Darcy's law
Darcy's law is an equation that describes the flow of a fluid through a porous medium.
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Debris flow
Debris flows are geological phenomena in which water-laden masses of soil and fragmented rock rush down mountainsides, funnel into stream channels, entrain objects in their paths, and form thick, muddy deposits on valley floors.
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Deep foundation
A deep foundation is a type of foundation that transfers building loads to the earth farther down from the surface than a shallow foundation does to a subsurface layer or a range of depths.
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Deep Foundations Institute
The Deep Foundations Institute (DFI) is an international membership association of contractor, engineers and suppliers in the field of design and construction of deep foundations and excavations.
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Dynamic compaction
Dynamic compaction is a method that is used to increase the density of the soil when certain subsurface constraints make other methods inappropriate.
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Earth materials
Earth materials is a general term that includes minerals, rocks, soil and water.
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Earth structure
An earth structure is a building or other structure made largely from soil.
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Earthquake
An earthquake (also known as a quake, tremor or temblor) is the shaking of the surface of the Earth, resulting from the sudden release of energy in the Earth's lithosphere that creates seismic waves.
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Earthworks (engineering)
Earthworks are engineering works created through the processing of parts of the earth's surface involving quantities of soil or unformed rock.
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Effective stress
Effective stress is a force that keeps a collection of particles rigid.
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Egypt
Egypt (مِصر, مَصر, Khēmi), officially the Arab Republic of Egypt, is a transcontinental country spanning the northeast corner of Africa and southwest corner of Asia by a land bridge formed by the Sinai Peninsula.
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Embankment (transportation)
A road, railway line or canal is normally raised onto an embankment made of compacted soil (typically clay or rock-based) to avoid a change in level required by the terrain, the alternatives being either to have an unacceptable change in level or detour to follow a contour.
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Engineering
Engineering is the creative application of science, mathematical methods, and empirical evidence to the innovation, design, construction, operation and maintenance of structures, machines, materials, devices, systems, processes, and organizations.
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Engineering geologist
An engineering geologist is a geologist trained in the discipline of engineering geology.
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Engineering geology
Engineering geology is the application of the geology to engineering study for the purpose of assuring that the geological factors regarding the location, design, construction, operation and maintenance of engineering works are recognized and accounted for.
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Exploration geophysics
Exploration geophysics is an applied branch of geophysics, which uses physical methods, such as seismic, gravitational, magnetic, electrical and electromagnetic at the surface of the Earth to measure the physical properties of the subsurface, along with the anomalies in those properties.
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Fault (geology)
In geology, a fault is a planar fracture or discontinuity in a volume of rock, across which there has been significant displacement as a result of rock-mass movement.
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Fertile Crescent
The Fertile Crescent (also known as the "cradle of civilization") is a crescent-shaped region where agriculture and early human civilizations like the Sumer and Ancient Egypt flourished due to inundations from the surrounding Nile, Euphrates, and Tigris rivers.
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Floating wind turbine
A floating wind turbine is an offshore wind turbine mounted on a floating structure that allows the turbine to generate electricity in water depths where fixed-foundation turbines are not feasible.
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Foundation (engineering)
A foundation (or, more commonly, base) is the element of an architectural structure which connects it to the ground, and transfers loads from the structure to the ground.
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Geocomposite
The basic philosophy behind geocomposite materials is to combine the best features of different materials in such a way that specific applications are addressed in the optimal manner and at minimum cost.
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Geogrid
A geogrid is geosynthetic material used to reinforce soils and similar materials.
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Geohazard
A geohazard is a geological state that may lead to widespread damage or risk.
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Geologic map
A geologic map or geological map is a special-purpose map made to show geological features.
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Geologist
A geologist is a scientist who studies the solid and liquid matter that constitutes the Earth as well as the processes that shape it.
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Geology
Geology (from the Ancient Greek γῆ, gē, i.e. "earth" and -λoγία, -logia, i.e. "study of, discourse") is an earth science concerned with the solid Earth, the rocks of which it is composed, and the processes by which they change over time.
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Geomembrane
A geomembrane is very low permeability synthetic membrane liner or barrier used with any geotechnical engineering related material so as to control fluid (or gas) migration in a human-made project, structure, or system.
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Geoprofessions
Geoprofessions is a term coined by the Geoprofessional Business Association to connote various technical disciplines that involve engineering, earth and environmental services applied to below-ground (“subsurface”), ground-surface, and ground-surface-connected conditions, structures, or formations.
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Geosynthetics
Geosynthetics are synthetic products used to stabilize terrain.
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Geotechnical centrifuge modeling
Geotechnical centrifuge modeling is a technique for testing physical scale models of Geotechnical Engineering systems such as natural and man-made slopes and earth retaining structures and building or bridge foundations.
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Geotechnical investigation
Geotechnical investigations are performed by geotechnical engineers or engineering geologists to obtain information on the physical properties of soil and rock around a site to design earthworks and foundations for proposed structures and for repair of distress to earthworks and structures caused by subsurface conditions.
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Geotextile
Geotextiles are permeable fabrics which, when used in association with soil, have the ability to separate, filter, reinforce, protect, or drain.
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Ground freezing
Ground freezing is a construction technique used in circumstances where soil needs to be stabilized so it will not collapse next to excavations, or to prevent contaminants spilled into soil from being leached away.
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Ground-penetrating radar
Ground-penetrating radar (GPR) is a geophysical method that uses radar pulses to image the subsurface.
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Groundwater
Groundwater is the water present beneath Earth's surface in soil pore spaces and in the fractures of rock formations.
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Hazardous waste
Hazardous waste is waste that has substantial or potential threats to public health or the environment.
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Henry Darcy
Henry Philibert Gaspard Darcy (10 June 1803 – 3 January 1858) was a French engineer who made several important contributions to hydraulics including Darcy’s law for flow in porous media.
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Indus River
The Indus River (also called the Sindhū) is one of the longest rivers in Asia.
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International Society for Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering
The International Society for Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering (ISSMGE) is an international professional association, presently based in London, representing engineers, academics and contractors involved in geotechnical engineering.
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Jetty
A jetty is a structure that projects from the land out into water.
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Jin Mao Tower
The Jin Mao Tower, also known as the or, is an 88-story (93 if counting the floors in the spire) landmark skyscraper in Lujiazui, Pudong, Shanghai, China.
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Joseph Valentin Boussinesq
Joseph Valentin Boussinesq (13 March 1842 – 19 February 1929) was a French mathematician and physicist who made significant contributions to the theory of hydrodynamics, vibration, light, and heat.
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Karl von Terzaghi
Karl von Terzaghi (October 2, 1883 – October 25, 1963) was an Austrian civil engineer, geotechnical engineer and geologist known as the "father of soil mechanics".
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Land reclamation
Land reclamation, usually known as reclamation, and also known as land fill (not to be confused with a landfill), is the process of creating new land from ocean, riverbeds, or lake beds.
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Landfill
A landfill site (also known as a tip, dump, rubbish dump, garbage dump or dumping ground and historically as a midden) is a site for the disposal of waste materials by burial.
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Landslide
The term landslide or, less frequently, landslip, refers to several forms of mass wasting that include a wide range of ground movements, such as rockfalls, deep-seated slope failures, mudflows and debris flows.
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Lateral earth pressure
Lateral earth pressure is the pressure that soil exerts in the horizontal direction.
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Leaning Tower of Pisa
The Leaning Tower of Pisa (Torre pendente di Pisa) or simply the Tower of Pisa (Torre di Pisa) is the campanile, or freestanding bell tower, of the cathedral of the Italian city of Pisa, known worldwide for its unintended tilt.
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Levee
14.
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List of engineering branches
Engineering is the discipline and profession that applies scientific theories, mathematical methods, and empirical evidence to design, create, and analyze technological solutions cognizant of safety, human factors, physical laws, regulations, practicality, and cost.
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Marina
A marina (from Spanish, Portuguese and Italian: marina, "coast" or "shore") is a dock or basin with moorings and supplies for yachts and small boats.
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Mass wasting
Mass wasting, also known as slope movement or mass movement, is the geomorphic process by which soil, sand, regolith, and rock move downslope typically as a solid, continuous or discontinuous mass, largely under the force of gravity, but frequently with characteristics of a flow as in debris flows and mudflows.
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Master's degree
A master's degree (from Latin magister) is an academic degree awarded by universities or colleges upon completion of a course of study demonstrating mastery or a high-order overview of a specific field of study or area of professional practice.
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Mechanically stabilized earth
Mechanically stabilized earth (MSE or reinforced soil) is soil constructed with artificial reinforcing.
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Mesopotamia
Mesopotamia is a historical region in West Asia situated within the Tigris–Euphrates river system, in modern days roughly corresponding to most of Iraq, Kuwait, parts of Northern Saudi Arabia, the eastern parts of Syria, Southeastern Turkey, and regions along the Turkish–Syrian and Iran–Iraq borders.
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Military engineering
Military engineering is loosely defined as the art, science, and practice of designing and building military works and maintaining lines of military transport and communications.
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Mineral
A mineral is a naturally occurring chemical compound, usually of crystalline form and not produced by life processes.
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Mining engineering
Mining engineering is an engineering discipline that applies science and technology to the extraction of minerals from the earth.
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Mohenjo-daro
Mohenjo-daro (موئن جو دڙو, meaning 'Mound of the Dead Men'; موئن جو دڑو) is an archaeological site in the province of Sindh, Pakistan.
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Mohr's circle
Mohr's circle, named after Christian Otto Mohr, is a two-dimensional graphical representation of the transformation law for the Cauchy stress tensor.
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Mohr–Coulomb theory
Mohr–Coulomb theory is a mathematical model (see yield surface) describing the response of brittle materials such as concrete, or rubble piles, to shear stress as well as normal stress.
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Moment of inertia
The moment of inertia, otherwise known as the angular mass or rotational inertia, of a rigid body is a tensor that determines the torque needed for a desired angular acceleration about a rotational axis; similar to how mass determines the force needed for a desired acceleration.
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Mooring (watercraft)
A mooring refers to any permanent structure to which a vessel may be secured.
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Napa, California
Napa is the largest city and the county seat of Napa County, California.
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Observational method (geotechnics)
In geotechnical engineering, during the construction of earth structures (dams and tunnels, for example) the observational method is a continuous, managed and integrated process of design, construction control, monitoring and review enabling appropriate, previously-defined modifications to be incorporated during (or after) construction.
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Ocean current
An ocean current is a seasonal directed movement of sea water generated by forces acting upon this mean flow, such as wind, the Coriolis effect, breaking waves, cabbing, temperature and salinity differences, while tides are caused by the gravitational pull of the Sun and Moon.
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Offshore construction
Offshore construction is the installation of structures and facilities in a marine environment, usually for the production and transmission of electricity, oil, gas and other resources.
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Offshore geotechnical engineering
Offshore geotechnical engineering is a sub-field of geotechnical engineering.
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Oil platform
An oil platform, offshore platform, or offshore drilling rig is a large structure with facilities for well drilling to explore, extract, store, process petroleum and natural gas which lies in rock formations beneath the seabed.
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Oregon
Oregon is a state in the Pacific Northwest region on the West Coast of the United States.
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Osborne Reynolds
Osborne Reynolds FRS (23 August 1842 – 21 February 1912) was a prominent Irish innovator in the understanding of fluid dynamics.
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Permeability (earth sciences)
Permeability in fluid mechanics and the earth sciences (commonly symbolized as κ, or k) is a measure of the ability of a porous material (often, a rock or an unconsolidated material) to allow fluids to pass through it.
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Petroleum engineering
Petroleum engineering is a field of engineering concerned with the activities related to the production of hydrocarbons, which can be either crude oil or natural gas.
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Photogrammetry
Photogrammetry is the science of making measurements from photographs, especially for recovering the exact positions of surface points.
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Pier
Seaside pleasure pier in Brighton, England. The first seaside piers were built in England in the early 19th century. A pier is a raised structure in a body of water, typically supported by well-spaced piles or pillars.
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Plasticity (physics)
In physics and materials science, plasticity describes the deformation of a (solid) material undergoing non-reversible changes of shape in response to applied forces.
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Pore water pressure
Pore water pressure (sometimes abbreviated to pwp) refers to the pressure of groundwater held within a soil or rock, in gaps between particles (pores).
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Porosity
Porosity or void fraction is a measure of the void (i.e. "empty") spaces in a material, and is a fraction of the volume of voids over the total volume, between 0 and 1, or as a percentage between 0% and 100%.
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Q-slope
The Q-slope method for rock slope engineering and rock mass classification is developed by Barton and Bar.
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Rayleigh wave
Rayleigh waves are a type of surface acoustic wave that travel along the surface of solids.
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Regulation and licensure in engineering
Regulation and licensure in engineering is established by various jurisdictions of the world to encourage public welfare, safety, well-being and other interests of the general public, and to define the licensure process through which an engineer becomes authorized to practice engineering and/or provide engineering professional services to the public.
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Reinforced concrete
Reinforced concrete (RC) (also called reinforced cement concrete or RCC) is a composite material in which concrete's relatively low tensile strength and ductility are counteracted by the inclusion of reinforcement having higher tensile strength or ductility.
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Reservoir
A reservoir (from French réservoir – a "tank") is a storage space for fluids.
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Retaining wall
Retaining walls are relatively rigid walls used for supporting the soil mass laterally so that the soil can be retained at different levels on the two sides.
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Road roller
A road roller (sometimes called a roller-compactor, or just roller) is a compactor type engineering vehicle used to compact soil, gravel, concrete, or asphalt in the construction of roads and foundations.
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Rock mass classification
Rock mass classification systems are used for various engineering design and stability analysis.
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Rock mechanics
Rock mechanics is a theoretical and applied science of the mechanical behavior of rock and rock masses; compared to geology, it is that branch of mechanics concerned with the response of rock and rock masses to the force fields of their physical environment.
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Rockfall
A rockfall or rock-fallWhittow, John (1984).
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Sea
A sea is a large body of salt water that is surrounded in whole or in part by land.
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Sediment control
A sediment control is a practice or device designed to keep eroded soil on a construction site, so that it does not wash off and cause water pollution to a nearby stream, river, lake, or sea.
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Seismic wave
Seismic waves are waves of energy that travel through the Earth's layers, and are a result of earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, magma movement, large landslides and large man-made explosions that give out low-frequency acoustic energy.
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Seismology
Seismology (from Ancient Greek σεισμός (seismós) meaning "earthquake" and -λογία (-logía) meaning "study of") is the scientific study of earthquakes and the propagation of elastic waves through the Earth or through other planet-like bodies.
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Shallow foundation
A shallow foundation is a type of building foundation that transfers building loads to the earth very near to the surface, rather than to a subsurface layer or a range of depths as does a deep foundation.
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Shear strength (soil)
Shear strength is a term used in soil mechanics to describe the magnitude of the shear stress that a soil can sustain.
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Shear stress
A shear stress, often denoted by (Greek: tau), is the component of stress coplanar with a material cross section.
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Sinkhole
A sinkhole, also known as a cenote, sink, sink-hole, swallet, swallow hole, or doline (the different terms for sinkholes are often used interchangeably), is a depression or hole in the ground caused by some form of collapse of the surface layer.
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Skyscraper
A skyscraper is a continuously habitable high-rise building that has over 40 floors and is taller than approximately.
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Slope stability
Slope stability is the potential of soil covered slopes to withstand and undergo movement.
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Soil
Soil is a mixture of organic matter, minerals, gases, liquids, and organisms that together support life.
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Soil classification
Soil classification deals with the systematic categorization of soils based on distinguishing characteristics as well as criteria that dictate choices in use.
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Soil compaction
In geotechnical engineering, soil compaction is the process in which a stress applied to a soil causes densification as air is displaced from the pores between the soil grains.
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Soil liquefaction
Soil liquefaction describes a phenomenon whereby a saturated or partially saturated soil substantially loses strength and stiffness in response to an applied stress, usually earthquake shaking or other sudden change in stress condition, causing it to behave like a liquid.
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Soil mechanics
Soil mechanics is a branch of soil physics and applied mechanics that describes the behavior of soils.
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Soil physics
Soil physics is the study of soil physical properties and processes.
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Soil science
Soil science is the study of soil as a natural resource on the surface of the Earth including soil formation, classification and mapping; physical, chemical, biological, and fertility properties of soils; and these properties in relation to the use and management of soils.
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Specific weight
The specific weight (also known as the unit weight) is the weight per unit volume of a material.
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Standard penetration test
The standard penetration test (SPT) is an in-situ dynamic penetration test designed to provide information on the geotechnical engineering properties of soil.
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Submarine pipeline
A submarine pipeline (also known as marine, subsea or offshore pipeline) is a pipeline that is laid on the seabed or below it inside a trench.
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Subsea (technology)
Subsea is fully submerged ocean equipment, operations or applications, especially when some distance offshore, in deep ocean waters, or on the seabed.
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Tension-leg platform
A tension-leg platform (TLP) or extended tension leg platform (ETLP) is a vertically moored floating structure normally used for the offshore production of oil or gas, and is particularly suited for water depths greater than 300 metres (about 1000 ft) and less than 1500 metres (about 4900 ft).
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Triaxial shear test
A triaxial shear test is a common method to measure the mechanical properties of many deformable solids, especially soil (e.g., sand, clay) and rock, and other granular materials or powders.
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Tunnel
A tunnel is an underground passageway, dug through the surrounding soil/earth/rock and enclosed except for entrance and exit, commonly at each end.
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Underpinning
In construction or renovation, underpinning is the process of strengthening the foundation of an existing building or other structure.
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Void ratio
The void ratio of a mixture is the ratio of the volume of voids to volume of solids.
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Water content
Water content or moisture content is the quantity of water contained in a material, such as soil (called soil moisture), rock, ceramics, crops, or wood.
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Wharf
A wharf, quay (also), staith or staithe is a structure on the shore of a harbor or on the bank of a river or canal where ships may dock to load and unload cargo or passengers.
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William John Macquorn Rankine
Prof William John Macquorn Rankine LLD (5 July 1820 – 24 December 1872) was a Scottish mechanical engineer who also contributed to civil engineering, physics and mathematics.
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Wind
Wind is the flow of gases on a large scale.
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Wind wave
In fluid dynamics, wind waves, or wind-generated waves, are surface waves that occur on the free surface of bodies of water (like oceans, seas, lakes, rivers, canals, puddles or ponds).
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Wing wall
A wing wall (also "wingwall" or "wing-wall") is a smaller wall attached or next to a larger wall or structure.
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References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geotechnical_engineering
