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66 relations: Absolute magnitude, Antonia Maury, Apparent magnitude, Arthur Eddington, Astrophysics, Asymptotic giant branch, Balmer series, Bolometric correction, Cepheid variable, Circumstellar dust, Color index, Color–color diagram, Cosmic distance ladder, Distance modulus, Effective temperature, Ejnar Hertzsprung, Extinction (astronomy), Fraunhofer lines, Fred Hoyle, Galaxy, Galaxy color–magnitude diagram, Harvard College Observatory, Hayashi track, Henry Draper Catalogue, Henry Norris Russell, Henyey track, Hertzsprung gap, Hess diagram, Horizontal branch, Hyades (star cluster), Hydrogen, Instability strip, Kelvin–Helmholtz mechanism, Log–log plot, Luminosity, Main sequence, Metallicity, Monotonic function, Moving-cluster method, Nomenclature, Nuclear fusion, Open cluster, Pleiades, Proper motion, Proton–proton chain reaction, Quantum mechanics, Red clump, Royal Astronomical Society, RR Lyrae variable, Scatter plot, ..., Spectral line, Spectroscopic parallax, Star, Star cluster, Stellar birthline, Stellar chemistry, Stellar classification, Stellar evolution, Stellar kinematics, Stellar rotation, Stellar structure, Supernova nucleosynthesis, Thermal radiation, Thermodynamics, Tip of the red-giant branch, Triple-alpha process. Expand index (16 more) »
Absolute magnitude
Absolute magnitude is a measure of the luminosity of a celestial object, on a logarithmic astronomical magnitude scale.
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Antonia Maury
Antonia Maury (March 21, 1866 – January 8, 1952) was an American astronomer who published an important early catalog of stellar spectra.
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Apparent magnitude
The apparent magnitude of a celestial object is a number that is a measure of its brightness as seen by an observer on Earth.
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Arthur Eddington
Sir Arthur Stanley Eddington (28 December 1882 – 22 November 1944) was an English astronomer, physicist, and mathematician of the early 20th century who did his greatest work in astrophysics.
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Astrophysics
Astrophysics is the branch of astronomy that employs the principles of physics and chemistry "to ascertain the nature of the astronomical objects, rather than their positions or motions in space".
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Asymptotic giant branch
The asymptotic giant branch (AGB) is a region of the Hertzsprung–Russell diagram populated by evolved cool luminous stars.
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Balmer series
The Balmer series or Balmer lines in atomic physics, is the designation of one of a set of six named series describing the spectral line emissions of the hydrogen atom.
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Bolometric correction
In astronomy, the bolometric correction is the correction made to the absolute magnitude of an object in order to convert its visible magnitude to its bolometric magnitude.
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Cepheid variable
A Cepheid variable is a type of star that pulsates radially, varying in both diameter and temperature and producing changes in brightness with a well-defined stable period and amplitude.
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Circumstellar dust
Circumstellar dust is cosmic dust around a star.
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Color index
In astronomy, the color index is a simple numerical expression that determines the color of an object, which in the case of a star gives its temperature.
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Color–color diagram
In astronomy, color–color diagrams are a means of comparing the apparent magnitudes of stars at different wavelengths.
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Cosmic distance ladder
The cosmic distance ladder (also known as the extragalactic distance scale) is the succession of methods by which astronomers determine the distances to celestial objects.
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Distance modulus
The distance modulus is a way of expressing distances that is often used in astronomy.
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Effective temperature
The effective temperature of a body such as a star or planet is the temperature of a black body that would emit the same total amount of electromagnetic radiation.
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Ejnar Hertzsprung
Ejnar Hertzsprung (8 October 1873 – 21 October 1967) was a Danish chemist and astronomer born in Copenhagen.
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Extinction (astronomy)
In astronomy, extinction is the absorption and scattering of electromagnetic radiation by dust and gas between an emitting astronomical object and the observer.
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Fraunhofer lines
In physics and optics, the Fraunhofer lines are a set of spectral lines named after the German physicist Joseph von Fraunhofer (1787–1826).
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Fred Hoyle
Sir Fred Hoyle FRS (24 June 1915 – 20 August 2001) was a British astronomer who formulated the theory of stellar nucleosynthesis.
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Galaxy
A galaxy is a gravitationally bound system of stars, stellar remnants, interstellar gas, dust, and dark matter.
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Galaxy color–magnitude diagram
The galaxy color–magnitude diagram shows the relationship between absolute magnitude (a measure of luminosity) and mass of galaxies.
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Harvard College Observatory
The Harvard College Observatory (HCO) is an institution managing a complex of buildings and multiple instruments used for astronomical research by the Harvard University Department of Astronomy.
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Hayashi track
The Hayashi track is a luminosity–temperature relationship obeyed by infant stars of less than in the pre-main-sequence phase (PMS phase) of stellar evolution.
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Henry Draper Catalogue
The Henry Draper Catalogue (HD) is an astronomical star catalogue published between 1918 and 1924, giving spectroscopic classifications for 225,300 stars; it was later expanded by the Henry Draper Extension (HDE), published between 1925 and 1936, which gave classifications for 46,850 more stars, and by the Henry Draper Extension Charts (HDEC), published from 1937 to 1949 in the form of charts, which gave classifications for 86,933 more stars.
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Henry Norris Russell
Prof Henry Norris Russell FRS(For) HFRSE FRAS (October 25, 1877 – February 18, 1957) was an American astronomer who, along with Ejnar Hertzsprung, developed the Hertzsprung–Russell diagram (1910).
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Henyey track
The Henyey track is a path taken by pre-main-sequence stars with masses >0.5 Solar mass in the Hertzsprung–Russell diagram after the end of Hayashi track.
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Hertzsprung gap
The Hertzsprung Gap is a feature of the Hertzsprung–Russell diagram for a star cluster.
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Hess diagram
A Hess diagram plots the relative density of occurrence of stars at differing color–magnitude positions of the Hertzsprung–Russell diagram for a given galaxy or resolved stellar population.
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Horizontal branch
The horizontal branch (HB) is a stage of stellar evolution that immediately follows the red giant branch in stars whose masses are similar to the Sun's.
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Hyades (star cluster)
The Hyades (Greek Ὑάδες, also known as Melotte 25 or Collinder 50) is the nearest open cluster and one of the best-studied star clusters.
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Hydrogen
Hydrogen is a chemical element with symbol H and atomic number 1.
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Instability strip
The unqualified term instability strip usually refers to a region of the Hertzsprung–Russell diagram largely occupied by several related classes of pulsating variable stars: Delta Scuti variables, SX Phoenicis variables, and rapidly oscillating Ap stars (roAps) near the main sequence; RR Lyrae variables where it intersects the horizontal branch; and the Cepheid variables where it crosses the supergiants.
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Kelvin–Helmholtz mechanism
The Kelvin–Helmholtz mechanism is an astronomical process that occurs when the surface of a star or a planet cools.
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Log–log plot
In science and engineering, a log–log graph or log–log plot is a two-dimensional graph of numerical data that uses logarithmic scales on both the horizontal and vertical axes.
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Luminosity
In astronomy, luminosity is the total amount of energy emitted per unit of time by a star, galaxy, or other astronomical object.
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Main sequence
In astronomy, the main sequence is a continuous and distinctive band of stars that appear on plots of stellar color versus brightness.
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Metallicity
In astronomy, metallicity is used to describe the abundance of elements present in an object that are heavier than hydrogen or helium.
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Monotonic function
In mathematics, a monotonic function (or monotone function) is a function between ordered sets that preserves or reverses the given order.
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Moving-cluster method
In astrometry, the moving-cluster method and the closely related convergent point method are means, primarily of historical interest, for determining the distance to star clusters.
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Nomenclature
Nomenclature is a system of names or terms, or the rules for forming these terms in a particular field of arts or sciences.
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Nuclear fusion
In nuclear physics, nuclear fusion is a reaction in which two or more atomic nuclei come close enough to form one or more different atomic nuclei and subatomic particles (neutrons or protons).
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Open cluster
An open cluster is a group of up to a few thousand stars that were formed from the same giant molecular cloud and have roughly the same age.
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Pleiades
The Pleiades (also known as the Seven Sisters and Messier 45), are an open star cluster containing middle-aged, hot B-type stars located in the constellation of Taurus.
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Proper motion
Proper motion is the astronomical measure of the observed changes in the apparent places of stars or other celestial objects in the sky, as seen from the center of mass of the Solar System, compared to the abstract background of the more distant stars.
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Proton–proton chain reaction
The proton–proton chain reaction is one of the two (known) sets of fusion reactions by which stars convert hydrogen to helium.
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Quantum mechanics
Quantum mechanics (QM; also known as quantum physics, quantum theory, the wave mechanical model, or matrix mechanics), including quantum field theory, is a fundamental theory in physics which describes nature at the smallest scales of energy levels of atoms and subatomic particles.
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Red clump
The red clump is a clustering of red giants in the Hertzsprung–Russell diagram at around 5,000 K and absolute magnitude (MV) +0.5, slightly hotter than most red-giant-branch stars of the same luminosity.
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Royal Astronomical Society
The Royal Astronomical Society (RAS) is a learned society that began as the Astronomical Society of London in 1820 to support astronomical research (mainly carried on at the time by 'gentleman astronomers' rather than professionals).
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RR Lyrae variable
RR Lyrae variables are periodic variable stars, commonly found in globular clusters.
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Scatter plot
A scatter plot (also called a scatterplot, scatter graph, scatter chart, scattergram, or scatter diagram) is a type of plot or mathematical diagram using Cartesian coordinates to display values for typically two variables for a set of data.
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Spectral line
A spectral line is a dark or bright line in an otherwise uniform and continuous spectrum, resulting from emission or absorption of light in a narrow frequency range, compared with the nearby frequencies.
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Spectroscopic parallax
Spectroscopic parallax is an astronomical method for measuring the distances to stars.
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Star
A star is type of astronomical object consisting of a luminous spheroid of plasma held together by its own gravity.
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Star cluster
Star clusters are groups of stars.
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Stellar birthline
The stellar birthline is a predicted line on the Hertzsprung–Russell diagram that relates the effective temperature and luminosity of pre-main-sequence stars at the start of their contraction.
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Stellar chemistry
Stellar chemistry is the study of the chemical composition of astronomical objects; stars in particular, hence the name stellar chemistry.
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Stellar classification
In astronomy, stellar classification is the classification of stars based on their spectral characteristics.
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Stellar evolution
Stellar evolution is the process by which a star changes over the course of time.
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Stellar kinematics
In astronomy, stellar kinematics is the observational study or measurement of the kinematics or motions of stars through space.
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Stellar rotation
Stellar rotation is the angular motion of a star about its axis.
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Stellar structure
Stars of different mass and age have varying internal structures.
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Supernova nucleosynthesis
Supernova nucleosynthesis is a theory of the nucleosynthesis of the natural abundances of the chemical elements in supernova explosions, advanced as the nucleosynthesis of elements from carbon to nickel in massive stars by Fred Hoyle in 1954.
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Thermal radiation
Thermal radiation is electromagnetic radiation generated by the thermal motion of charged particles in matter.
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Thermodynamics
Thermodynamics is the branch of physics concerned with heat and temperature and their relation to energy and work.
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Tip of the red-giant branch
Tip of the red-giant branch (TRGB) is a primary distance indicator used in astronomy.
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Triple-alpha process
The triple-alpha process is a set of nuclear fusion reactions by which three helium-4 nuclei (alpha particles) are transformed into carbon.
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C-M diagram, Color magnitude diagram, Color-luminosity diagram, Color-magnitude diagram, Color–magnitude diagram, Colour-Magnitude Diagram, H R Diagram, H-R, H-R Diagram, H-R diagram, HR Diagram, HR diagram, HR-diagram, HRMD, Hertsprung-Russel, Hertsprung-Russel diagram, Hertsprung-Russell, Hertsprung-Russell diagram, Hertzprung Russell, Hertzsprung Russell Diagram, Hertzsprung russell diagram, Hertzsprung- Russell Diagram, Hertzsprung-Rusell diagram, Hertzsprung-Russel Diagram, Hertzsprung-Russel diagram, Hertzsprung-Russell, Hertzsprung-Russell Diagram, Hertzsprung-Russell classifications, Hertzsprung-Russell data, Hertzsprung-Russell diagram, Hertzsprung-Russell graph, Hertzsprung-Russell plot, Hertzsprung-russel diagrams, Hertzsprung–Russell (H–R) diagram, Hertzsprung–Russell Diagram, Herzprung Russel diagram, Hr Diagram, Hr diagram, H–R diagram, Main line stars.
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hertzsprung–Russell_diagram
