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150 relations: Academica Press, Act of Parliament, Alfred the Great, American Revolutionary War, Andrew Harclay, 1st Earl of Carlisle, Archbishop of Armagh, Attainder, Barnim X, Duke of Pomerania, Berwick-upon-Tweed, Bloody Code, Body snatching, British colonization of the Americas, Burning of women in England, Capital Punishment Amendment Act 1868, Catherine Hayes (murderer), Catherine Murphy (counterfeiter), Catholic Church, Cato Street Conspiracy, Charles I of England, Chartism, Chronica Majora, Common law, Constructive treason, Counsel, Crime and Disorder Act 1998, Cumin, Dafydd ap Gruffydd, Decapitation, Derby Gaol, Despard Plot, Disembowelment, Dismemberment, Doom book, Edmund Gennings, Edward Coke, Edward Despard, Edward I of England, Edward II of England, Edward III of England, Edward James (martyr), Edward Stafford, 3rd Duke of Buckingham, Elizabeth Barton, Elizabeth I of England, Elizabethan era, Emasculation, European Convention on Human Rights, Forfeiture (law), Forfeiture Act 1870, François Henri de la Motte, Francis Towneley, ..., Frederic William Maitland, Gathorne Gathorne-Hardy, 1st Earl of Cranbrook, George IV of the United Kingdom, Gibbeting, Great Seal of the Realm, Great Swamp Fight, Gunpowder Plot, Guy Fawkes, Hanging, Henry III of England, Henry VIII of England, High Middle Ages, High treason, High treason in the United Kingdom, Home Secretary, Horsemonger Lane Gaol, House of Lords, Hugh Despenser the Younger, Hurdle, Ian Mortimer (historian), Industrial Revolution, Jacobite rising of 1745, Jacobitism, James Bell (priest), Jeremiah Brandreth, Jeremy Bentham, John Cook (regicide), John Evelyn, John Finch (martyr), John Houghton (martyr), John Payne (martyr), John Russell, 1st Earl Russell, Joseph Justus Scaliger, List of regicides of Charles I, London Bridge, Lord Chancellor, Lord High Treasurer, Lundy, Mary I of England, Matthew Paris, Narragansett people, Newcastle upon Tyne, Newport Rising, Nun, Offences Against the Person Act 1828, Oliver Plunkett, Oxford English Dictionary, Parboiling, Penal labour, Penal transportation, Pentrich rising, Perth, Scotland, Petty treason, Popish Plot, Priest hunter, Prince of Wales, Privy Council of the United Kingdom, Privy seal, Puritans, Ralph Crockett, Ram Sharan Sharma, Realm, Retributive justice, Richard Gwyn (martyr), Richard Topcliffe, Robert Peel, Royal Commission on Capital Punishment 1864–66, Samuel Clarke, Samuel Romilly, Scottish people, Sir Charles Forster, 1st Baronet, Sir Herbert Maxwell, 7th Baronet, Smithfield, London, Spencer Horatio Walpole, St. Peter's Roman Catholic Church, Drogheda, Statute, Stirling, Strangling, Thomas Armstrong (English politician), Thomas Ford (martyr), Thomas Harrison (soldier), Thomas Pilchard, Tower of London, Treason, Treason Act 1351, Treason Act 1695, Treason Act 1790, Treason Act 1814, Treason Felony Act 1848, Tyburn, United States Constitution, Welsh people, Whigs (British political party), William Bray (antiquary), William Dean (priest), William Hacket, William Henry Drayton, William Perkins (theologian), William Wallace, William Wilberforce. Expand index (100 more) »
Academica Press
Academica Press is a publisher of scholarly research in the social sciences, humanities, education, law, public policy, and international relations.
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Act of Parliament
Acts of Parliament, also called primary legislation, are statutes passed by a parliament (legislature).
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Alfred the Great
Alfred the Great (Ælfrēd, Ælfrǣd, "elf counsel" or "wise elf"; 849 – 26 October 899) was King of Wessex from 871 to 899.
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American Revolutionary War
The American Revolutionary War (17751783), also known as the American War of Independence, was a global war that began as a conflict between Great Britain and its Thirteen Colonies which declared independence as the United States of America. After 1765, growing philosophical and political differences strained the relationship between Great Britain and its colonies. Patriot protests against taxation without representation followed the Stamp Act and escalated into boycotts, which culminated in 1773 with the Sons of Liberty destroying a shipment of tea in Boston Harbor. Britain responded by closing Boston Harbor and passing a series of punitive measures against Massachusetts Bay Colony. Massachusetts colonists responded with the Suffolk Resolves, and they established a shadow government which wrested control of the countryside from the Crown. Twelve colonies formed a Continental Congress to coordinate their resistance, establishing committees and conventions that effectively seized power. British attempts to disarm the Massachusetts militia at Concord, Massachusetts in April 1775 led to open combat. Militia forces then besieged Boston, forcing a British evacuation in March 1776, and Congress appointed George Washington to command the Continental Army. Concurrently, an American attempt to invade Quebec and raise rebellion against the British failed decisively. On July 2, 1776, the Continental Congress voted for independence, issuing its declaration on July 4. Sir William Howe launched a British counter-offensive, capturing New York City and leaving American morale at a low ebb. However, victories at Trenton and Princeton restored American confidence. In 1777, the British launched an invasion from Quebec under John Burgoyne, intending to isolate the New England Colonies. Instead of assisting this effort, Howe took his army on a separate campaign against Philadelphia, and Burgoyne was decisively defeated at Saratoga in October 1777. Burgoyne's defeat had drastic consequences. France formally allied with the Americans and entered the war in 1778, and Spain joined the war the following year as an ally of France but not as an ally of the United States. In 1780, the Kingdom of Mysore attacked the British in India, and tensions between Great Britain and the Netherlands erupted into open war. In North America, the British mounted a "Southern strategy" led by Charles Cornwallis which hinged upon a Loyalist uprising, but too few came forward. Cornwallis suffered reversals at King's Mountain and Cowpens. He retreated to Yorktown, Virginia, intending an evacuation, but a decisive French naval victory deprived him of an escape. A Franco-American army led by the Comte de Rochambeau and Washington then besieged Cornwallis' army and, with no sign of relief, he surrendered in October 1781. Whigs in Britain had long opposed the pro-war Tories in Parliament, and the surrender gave them the upper hand. In early 1782, Parliament voted to end all offensive operations in North America, but the war continued in Europe and India. Britain remained under siege in Gibraltar but scored a major victory over the French navy. On September 3, 1783, the belligerent parties signed the Treaty of Paris in which Great Britain agreed to recognize the sovereignty of the United States and formally end the war. French involvement had proven decisive,Brooks, Richard (editor). Atlas of World Military History. HarperCollins, 2000, p. 101 "Washington's success in keeping the army together deprived the British of victory, but French intervention won the war." but France made few gains and incurred crippling debts. Spain made some minor territorial gains but failed in its primary aim of recovering Gibraltar. The Dutch were defeated on all counts and were compelled to cede territory to Great Britain. In India, the war against Mysore and its allies concluded in 1784 without any territorial changes.
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Andrew Harclay, 1st Earl of Carlisle
Andrew Harclay, 1st Earl of Carlisle (ca. 1270 – 3 March 1323), alternatively Andreas de Harcla, was an important English military leader in the borderlands with Scotland during the reign of Edward II.
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Archbishop of Armagh
The Archbishop of Armagh is an archiepiscopacy in both the Church of Ireland and the Roman Catholic Church, two of the main Christian churches in Ireland.
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Attainder
In English criminal law, attainder or attinctura was the metaphorical "stain" or "corruption of blood" which arose from being condemned for a serious capital crime (felony or treason).
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Barnim X, Duke of Pomerania
Barnim X, or according to another account Barnim XII (15 February 1549, Wolgast – 1 September 1603, Szczecin) was a duke of Pomerania and a member of the House of Griffins.
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Berwick-upon-Tweed
Berwick-upon-Tweed (Sooth Berwick, Bearaig a Deas) is a town in the county of Northumberland.
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Bloody Code
"Bloody Code" is a term used to refer to the system of crimes and punishments in England in the 18th and early 19th centuries.
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Body snatching
Body snatching is the secret removal of corpses from burial sites.
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British colonization of the Americas
The British colonization of the Americas (including colonization by both the English and the Scots) began in 1607 in Jamestown, Virginia, and reached its peak when colonies had been established throughout the Americas.
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Burning of women in England
In England, burning was a legal punishment inflicted on women found guilty of high treason, petty treason and heresy.
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Capital Punishment Amendment Act 1868
The Capital Punishment Amendment Act 1868 (31 & 32 Vict. c.24) received Royal Assent on 29 May 1868, putting an end to public executions for murder in the United Kingdom.
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Catherine Hayes (murderer)
Catherine Hayes (1690 – 9 May 1726), sometimes spelled Catharine Hayes, was an English woman who was burned at the stake for committing petty treason by killing her husband.
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Catherine Murphy (counterfeiter)
Catherine Murphy (died 18 March 1789) (also known as Christian Murphy) was an English counterfeiter, the last woman in England to be officially burned at the stake.
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Catholic Church
The Catholic Church, also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the largest Christian church, with more than 1.299 billion members worldwide.
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Cato Street Conspiracy
The Cato Street Conspiracy was an attempt to murder all the British cabinet ministers and Prime Minister Lord Liverpool in 1820.
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Charles I of England
Charles I (19 November 1600 – 30 January 1649) was monarch of the three kingdoms of England, Scotland, and Ireland from 27 March 1625 until his execution in 1649.
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Chartism
Chartism was a working-class movement for political reform in Britain that existed from 1838 to 1857.
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Chronica Majora
The Chronica Majora is an important medieval illuminated manuscript chronicle written in Latin by Matthew Paris, a Benedictine monk living in the Abbey of St Albans.
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Common law
Common law (also known as judicial precedent or judge-made law, or case law) is that body of law derived from judicial decisions of courts and similar tribunals.
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Constructive treason
Constructive treason is the judicial extension of the statutory definition of the crime of treason.
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Counsel
A counsel or a counsellor at law is a person who gives advice and deals with various issues, particularly in legal matters.
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Crime and Disorder Act 1998
The Crime and Disorder Act 1998 (c.37) is an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom.
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Cumin
Cumin (Cuminum cyminum) is a flowering plant in the family Apiaceae, native to a territory including Middle East and stretching east to India.
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Dafydd ap Gruffydd
Dafydd ap Gruffydd (or Dafydd ap Gruffudd, angl. David, son of Gruffydd) (11 July (?) 1238 – 3 October 1283) was Prince of Wales from 11 December 1282 until his execution on 3 October 1283 by King Edward I of England.
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Decapitation
Decapitation is the complete separation of the head from the body.
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Derby Gaol
The term Derby Gaol historically refers to the five gaols in Derby, England.
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Despard Plot
The Despard Plot was a failed 1802 conspiracy by British revolutionaries led by Colonel Edward Marcus Despard, a former army officer and colonial official.
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Disembowelment
Disembowelment or evisceration is the removal of some or all of the organs of the gastrointestinal tract (the bowels, or viscera), usually through a horizontal incision made across the abdominal area.
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Dismemberment
Dismemberment is the act of cutting, tearing, pulling, wrenching or otherwise removing the limbs of a living thing.
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Doom book
The Doom Book, Code of Alfred or Legal Code of Ælfred the Great was the code of laws ("dooms" being laws or judgments) compiled by Alfred the Great (893 AD).
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Edmund Gennings
Saint Edmund Gennings (1567 – 10 December 1591) was an English martyr, who was executed during the English Reformation for being a Catholic priest.
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Edward Coke
Sir Edward Coke ("cook", formerly; 1 February 1552 – 3 September 1634) was an English barrister, judge, and politician who is considered to be the greatest jurist of the Elizabethan and Jacobean eras.
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Edward Despard
Edward Marcus Despard (1751 – 21 February 1803) was an Irish soldier who served in the British Army.
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Edward I of England
Edward I (17/18 June 1239 – 7 July 1307), also known as Edward Longshanks and the Hammer of the Scots (Malleus Scotorum), was King of England from 1272 to 1307.
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Edward II of England
Edward II (25 April 1284 – 21 September 1327), also called Edward of Carnarvon, was King of England from 1307 until he was deposed in January 1327.
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Edward III of England
Edward III (13 November 1312 – 21 June 1377) was King of England and Lord of Ireland from January 1327 until his death; he is noted for his military success and for restoring royal authority after the disastrous and unorthodox reign of his father, Edward II.
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Edward James (martyr)
Blessed Edward James (c.1557 – 1 October 1588) was an English Catholic priest and martyr.
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Edward Stafford, 3rd Duke of Buckingham
Edward Stafford, 3rd Duke of Buckingham (3 February 1478 – 17 May 1521) was an English nobleman.
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Elizabeth Barton
Sister Elizabeth Barton (1506 – 20 April 1534), known as "The Nun of Kent", "The Holy Maid of London", "The Holy Maid of Kent" and later "The Mad Maid of Kent", was an English Catholic nun.
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Elizabeth I of England
Elizabeth I (7 September 1533 – 24 March 1603) was Queen of England and Ireland from 17 November 1558 until her death on 24 March 1603.
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Elizabethan era
The Elizabethan era is the epoch in the Tudor period of the history of England during the reign of Queen Elizabeth I (1558–1603).
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Emasculation
Emasculation of a human male is the removal of the penis and the testicles, the external male sex organs.
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European Convention on Human Rights
The European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR) (formally the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms) is an international treaty to protect human rights and political freedoms in Europe.
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Forfeiture (law)
Forfeiture is deprivation or destruction of a right in consequence of the non-performance of some obligation or condition.
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Forfeiture Act 1870
The Forfeiture Act 1870 (c. 23) is a British Act of Parliament that abolished the automatic forfeiture of goods and land as a punishment for treason and felony.
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François Henri de la Motte
Francis Henry de la Motte, or François Henri de la Motte, was a French citizen and ex-French army officer executed in London for High Treason on 27 July 1781.
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Francis Towneley
Francis Towneley (1709–July 30, 1746), was an English Jacobite who was executed for his role in the rebellion of 1745.
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Frederic William Maitland
Frederic William Maitland, FBA (28 May 1850 – 19 December 1906) was an English historian and lawyer who is generally regarded as the modern father of English legal history.
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Gathorne Gathorne-Hardy, 1st Earl of Cranbrook
Gathorne Gathorne-Hardy, 1st Earl of Cranbrook, (1 October 1814 – 30 October 1906), known as Gathorne Hardy until 1878, was a prominent British Conservative politician, a moderate, middle-of-the road Anglican.
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George IV of the United Kingdom
George IV (George Augustus Frederick; 12 August 1762 – 26 June 1830) was King of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland and King of Hanover following the death of his father, King George III, on 29 January 1820, until his own death ten years later.
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Gibbeting
A gibbet is any instrument of public execution (including guillotine, executioner's block, impalement stake, hanging gallows, or related scaffold), but gibbeting refers to the use of a gallows-type structure from which the dead or dying bodies of criminals were hung on public display to deter other existing or potential criminals.
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Great Seal of the Realm
The Great Seal of the Realm or Great Seal of the United Kingdom (known prior to the Treaty of Union of 1707 as the Great Seal of England; and from then until the Union of 1801 as the Great Seal of Great Britain and Ireland) is a seal that is used to symbolise the Sovereign's approval of important state documents.
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Great Swamp Fight
The Great Swamp Fight or the Great Swamp Massacre was a crucial battle fought during King Philip's War between colonial militia of New England and the Narragansett tribe in December 1675.
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Gunpowder Plot
The Gunpowder Plot of 1605, in earlier centuries often called the Gunpowder Treason Plot or the Jesuit Treason, was a failed assassination attempt against King James I of England and VI of Scotland by a group of provincial English Catholics led by Robert Catesby.
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Guy Fawkes
Guy Fawkes (13 April 1570 – 31 January 1606), also known as Guido Fawkes, the name he adopted while fighting for the Spanish, was a member of a group of provincial English Catholics who planned the failed Gunpowder Plot of 1605.
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Hanging
Hanging is the suspension of a person by a noose or ligature around the neck.
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Henry III of England
Henry III (1 October 1207 – 16 November 1272), also known as Henry of Winchester, was King of England, Lord of Ireland, and Duke of Aquitaine from 1216 until his death.
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Henry VIII of England
Henry VIII (28 June 1491 – 28 January 1547) was King of England from 1509 until his death.
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High Middle Ages
The High Middle Ages, or High Medieval Period, was the period of European history that commenced around 1000 AD and lasted until around 1250 AD.
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High treason
Treason is criminal disloyalty.
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High treason in the United Kingdom
Under the law of the United Kingdom, high treason is the crime of disloyalty to the Crown.
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Home Secretary
Her Majesty's Principal Secretary of State for the Home Department, normally referred to as the Home Secretary, is a senior official as one of the Great Offices of State within Her Majesty's Government and head of the Home Office.
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Horsemonger Lane Gaol
Horsemonger Lane Gaol (also known as the Surrey County Gaol or the New Gaol) was a prison close to present-day Newington Causeway in Southwark, south London.
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House of Lords
The House of Lords of the United Kingdom, also known as the House of Peers, is the upper house of the Parliament of the United Kingdom.
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Hugh Despenser the Younger
Hugh le Despenser, 1st Lord Despenser (c. 1286 – 24 November 1326), also referred to as "the younger Despenser", was the son and heir of Hugh le Despenser, Earl of Winchester (the elder Despenser) by his wife Isabella de Beauchamp, daughter of William de Beauchamp, 9th Earl of Warwick.
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Hurdle
A hurdle (UK English, limited US English) is a moveable section of light fence.
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Ian Mortimer (historian)
Ian James Forrester Mortimer, (born 22 September 1967) is a British historian and writer of historical fiction.
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Industrial Revolution
The Industrial Revolution was the transition to new manufacturing processes in the period from about 1760 to sometime between 1820 and 1840.
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Jacobite rising of 1745
The Jacobite rising of 1745 or 'The '45' (Bliadhna Theàrlaich, "The Year of Charles") is the name commonly used for the attempt by Charles Edward Stuart to regain the British throne for the House of Stuart.
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Jacobitism
Jacobitism (Seumasachas, Seacaibíteachas, Séamusachas) was a political movement in Great Britain and Ireland that aimed to restore the Roman Catholic Stuart King James II of England and Ireland (as James VII in Scotland) and his heirs to the thrones of England, Scotland, France and Ireland.
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James Bell (priest)
James Bell (1524 - 20 April 1584) was an English Catholic priest and the only one of the Marian Priests that is known to have suffered martyrdom.
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Jeremiah Brandreth
Jeremiah Brandreth (1785 – 7 November 1817) was an out-of-work stocking maker who lived in Sutton-in-Ashfield, Nottinghamshire, who was beheaded for treason.
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Jeremy Bentham
Jeremy Bentham (15 February 1748 – 6 June 1832) was an English philosopher, jurist, and social reformer regarded as the founder of modern utilitarianism.
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John Cook (regicide)
John Cook (1608 – 16 October 1660) was the first Solicitor General of the English Commonwealth and led the prosecution of Charles I. Following the English Restoration, Cook was convicted of regicide and hanged, drawn and quartered on 16 October 1660.
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John Evelyn
John Evelyn, FRS (31 October 1620 – 27 February 1706) was an English writer, gardener and diarist.
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John Finch (martyr)
John Finch (b. about 1548; executed 20 April 1584) was an English Roman Catholic farmer.
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John Houghton (martyr)
Saint John Houghton, O.Cart., (c. 1486 – 4 May 1535) was a Carthusian hermit and Catholic priest and the first English Catholic martyr to die as a result of the Act of Supremacy by King Henry VIII of England.
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John Payne (martyr)
Saint John Payne (1532–1582) was an English Catholic priest and martyr, one of the Catholic Forty Martyrs of England and Wales.
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John Russell, 1st Earl Russell
John Russell, 1st Earl Russell, (18 August 1792 – 28 May 1878), known by his courtesy title Lord John Russell before 1861, was a leading Whig and Liberal politician who served as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom on two occasions during the early Victorian era.
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Joseph Justus Scaliger
Joseph Justus Scaliger (5 August 1540 – 21 January 1609) was a French religious leader and scholar, known for expanding the notion of classical history from Greek and ancient Roman history to include Persian, Babylonian, Jewish and ancient Egyptian history.
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List of regicides of Charles I
Following the trial of Charles I in January 1649, 59 commissioners (judges) signed his death warrant.
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London Bridge
Several bridges named London Bridge have spanned the River Thames between the City of London and Southwark, in central London.
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Lord Chancellor
The Lord Chancellor, formally the Lord High Chancellor of Great Britain, is the highest ranking among those Great Officers of State which are appointed regularly in the United Kingdom, nominally outranking even the Prime Minister.
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Lord High Treasurer
The post of Lord High Treasurer or Lord Treasurer was an English government position and has been a British government position since the Acts of Union of 1707.
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Lundy
Lundy is the largest island in the Bristol Channel.
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Mary I of England
Mary I (18 February 1516 – 17 November 1558) was the Queen of England and Ireland from July 1553 until her death.
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Matthew Paris
Matthew Paris, known as Matthew of Paris (Latin: Matthæus Parisiensis, "Matthew the Parisian"; c. 1200 – 1259), was a Benedictine monk, English chronicler, artist in illuminated manuscripts and cartographer, based at St Albans Abbey in Hertfordshire.
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Narragansett people
The Narragansett tribe are an Algonquian American Indian tribe from Rhode Island.
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Newcastle upon Tyne
Newcastle upon Tyne, commonly known as Newcastle, is a city in Tyne and Wear, North East England, 103 miles (166 km) south of Edinburgh and 277 miles (446 km) north of London on the northern bank of the River Tyne, from the North Sea.
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Newport Rising
The Newport Rising was the last large-scale armed rebellion against authority in Great Britain, when, on 4 November 1839, almost 10,000 Chartist sympathisers, led by John Frost, marched on the town of Newport, Monmouthshire.
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Nun
A nun is a member of a religious community of women, typically living under vows of poverty, chastity, and obedience in the enclosure of a monastery.
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Offences Against the Person Act 1828
The Offences Against the Person Act 1828 (9 Geo. 4 c. 31) (also known as Lord Lansdowne's Act) was an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland.
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Oliver Plunkett
Oliver Plunkett (also spelt Oliver Plunket) (Oilibhéar Pluincéid), (1 November 1625 – 1 July 1681) was the Roman Catholic Archbishop of Armagh and Primate of All Ireland who was the last victim of the Popish Plot.
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Oxford English Dictionary
The Oxford English Dictionary (OED) is the main historical dictionary of the English language, published by the Oxford University Press.
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Parboiling
Parboiling (or leaching) is the partial boiling of food as the first step in cooking.
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Penal labour
Penal labour is a generic term for various kinds of unfree labour which prisoners are required to perform, typically manual labour.
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Penal transportation
Penal transportation or transportation refers to the relocation of convicted criminals, or other persons regarded as undesirable, to a distant place, often a colony for a specified term; later, specifically established penal colonies became their destination.
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Pentrich rising
The Pentrich rising was an armed uprising in 1817 that began around the village of Pentrich, Derbyshire, in the United Kingdom.
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Perth, Scotland
Perth (Peairt) is a city in central Scotland, located on the banks of the River Tay.
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Petty treason
Petty treason or petit treason was an offence under the common law of England which involved the betrayal (including murder) of a superior by a subordinate.
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Popish Plot
The Popish Plot was a fictitious conspiracy concocted by Titus Oates that between 1678 and 1681 gripped the Kingdoms of England and Scotland in anti-Catholic hysteria.
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Priest hunter
A priest hunter was a person who, acting on behalf of British forces, spied on or captured Catholic priests during Penal Times.
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Prince of Wales
Prince of Wales (Tywysog Cymru) was a title granted to princes born in Wales from the 12th century onwards; the term replaced the use of the word king.
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Privy Council of the United Kingdom
Her Majesty's Most Honourable Privy Council, usually known simply as the Privy Council, is a formal body of advisers to the Sovereign of the United Kingdom.
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Privy seal
A privy seal refers to the personal seal of a reigning monarch, used for the purpose of authenticating official documents of a much more personal nature.
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Puritans
The Puritans were English Reformed Protestants in the 16th and 17th centuries who sought to "purify" the Church of England from its "Catholic" practices, maintaining that the Church of England was only partially reformed.
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Ralph Crockett
Blessed Ralph Crockett (b. at Barton, near Farndon, Cheshire; executed at Chichester, 1 October 1588) was an English Roman Catholic priest.
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Ram Sharan Sharma
Ram Sharan Sharma (26 November 1919 – 20 August 2011), commonly referred to as R. S. Sharma, was an eminent historian and academic of Ancient and early Medieval India.
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Realm
A realm is a community or territory over which a sovereign rules; It is commonly used to describe a kingdom or other monarchical or dynastic state.
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Retributive justice
Retributive justice is a theory of justice that holds that the best response to a crime is a punishment proportional to the offense, inflicted because the offender deserves the punishment.
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Richard Gwyn (martyr)
Saint Richard Gwyn (ca. 1537 – 15 October 1584), also known by his anglicised name, Richard White, was a Welsh school teacher.
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Richard Topcliffe
Richard Topcliffe (14 November 1531 – late 1604)Richardson, William.
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Robert Peel
Sir Robert Peel, 2nd Baronet, (5 February 17882 July 1850) was a British statesman of the Conservative Party who served twice as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (1834–35 and 1841–46) and twice as Home Secretary (1822–27 and 1828–30).
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Royal Commission on Capital Punishment 1864–66
The Royal Commission on Capital Punishment was chaired by the Duke of Richmond.
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Samuel Clarke
Samuel Clarke (11 October 1675 – 17 May 1729) was an English philosopher and Anglican clergyman.
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Samuel Romilly
Sir Samuel Romilly (1 March 1757 – 2 November 1818), was a British legal reformer.
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Scottish people
The Scottish people (Scots: Scots Fowk, Scottish Gaelic: Albannaich), or Scots, are a nation and ethnic group native to Scotland. Historically, they emerged from an amalgamation of two Celtic-speaking peoples, the Picts and Gaels, who founded the Kingdom of Scotland (or Alba) in the 9th century. Later, the neighbouring Celtic-speaking Cumbrians, as well as Germanic-speaking Anglo-Saxons and Norse, were incorporated into the Scottish nation. In modern usage, "Scottish people" or "Scots" is used to refer to anyone whose linguistic, cultural, family ancestral or genetic origins are from Scotland. The Latin word Scoti originally referred to the Gaels, but came to describe all inhabitants of Scotland. Considered archaic or pejorative, the term Scotch has also been used for Scottish people, primarily outside Scotland. John Kenneth Galbraith in his book The Scotch (Toronto: MacMillan, 1964) documents the descendants of 19th-century Scottish pioneers who settled in Southwestern Ontario and affectionately referred to themselves as 'Scotch'. He states the book was meant to give a true picture of life in the community in the early decades of the 20th century. People of Scottish descent live in many countries other than Scotland. Emigration, influenced by factors such as the Highland and Lowland Clearances, Scottish participation in the British Empire, and latterly industrial decline and unemployment, have resulted in Scottish people being found throughout the world. Scottish emigrants took with them their Scottish languages and culture. Large populations of Scottish people settled the new-world lands of North and South America, Australia and New Zealand. Canada has the highest level of Scottish descendants per capita in the world and the second-largest population of Scottish descendants, after the United States. Scotland has seen migration and settlement of many peoples at different periods in its history. The Gaels, the Picts and the Britons have their respective origin myths, like most medieval European peoples. Germanic peoples, such as the Anglo-Saxons, arrived beginning in the 7th century, while the Norse settled parts of Scotland from the 8th century onwards. In the High Middle Ages, from the reign of David I of Scotland, there was some emigration from France, England and the Low Countries to Scotland. Some famous Scottish family names, including those bearing the names which became Bruce, Balliol, Murray and Stewart came to Scotland at this time. Today Scotland is one of the countries of the United Kingdom, and the majority of people living there are British citizens.
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Sir Charles Forster, 1st Baronet
Sir Charles Forster, 1st Baronet (3 August 1815 – 26 July 1891) was an English Liberal politician who sat in the House of Commons from 1852 to 1891.
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Sir Herbert Maxwell, 7th Baronet
The Rt.
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Smithfield, London
Smithfield is a locality in the ward of Farringdon Without situated at the City of London's northwest in central London, England.
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Spencer Horatio Walpole
Spencer Horatio Walpole (11 September 1806 – 22 May 1898) was a British Conservative Party politician who served three times as Home Secretary in the administrations of Lord Derby.
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St. Peter's Roman Catholic Church, Drogheda
St.
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Statute
A statute is a formal written enactment of a legislative authority that governs a city, state, or country.
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Stirling
Stirling (Stirlin; Sruighlea) is a city in central Scotland.
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Strangling
Strangling is compression of the neck that may lead to unconsciousness or death by causing an increasingly hypoxic state in the brain.
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Thomas Armstrong (English politician)
Sir Thomas Armstrong (c. 1633 Nijmegen – 20 June 1684 London) was an English army officer and Member of Parliament executed for treason.
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Thomas Ford (martyr)
Blessed Thomas Ford (died 28 May 1582), a Devonshire native, was a Catholic martyr executed during the reign of Elizabeth I.
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Thomas Harrison (soldier)
Major-General Thomas Harrison (1606 – 13 October 1660) sided with Parliament in the English Civil War.
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Thomas Pilchard
Thomas Pilchard (Pilcher) (born at Battle, Sussex, 1557; executed at Dorchester, 21 March 1587) was an English Roman Catholic priest.
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Tower of London
The Tower of London, officially Her Majesty's Royal Palace and Fortress of the Tower of London, is a historic castle located on the north bank of the River Thames in central London.
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Treason
In law, treason is the crime that covers some of the more extreme acts against one's nation or sovereign.
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Treason Act 1351
The Treason Act 1351 is an Act of the Parliament of England which codified and curtailed the common law offence of treason.
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Treason Act 1695
The Treason Act 1695 (7 & 8 Will 3 c 3) is an Act of the Parliament of England which laid down rules of evidence and procedure in high treason trials.
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Treason Act 1790
The Treason Act 1790 (30 Geo 3 c 48) was an Act of the Parliament of the Kingdom of Great Britain which abolished burning at the stake as the penalty for women convicted of high treason, petty treason and abetting, procuring or counselling petty treason, and replaced it with drawing and hanging.
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Treason Act 1814
The Treason Act 1814 (54 Geo. III c. 146) was an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland which modified the penalty for high treason for male convicts.
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Treason Felony Act 1848
The Treason Felony Act 1848 (11 & 12 Vict. c. 12) is an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland.
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Tyburn
Tyburn was a village in the county of Middlesex close to the current location of Marble Arch and the southern end of Edgware Road in present-day London.
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United States Constitution
The United States Constitution is the supreme law of the United States.
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Welsh people
The Welsh (Cymry) are a nation and ethnic group native to, or otherwise associated with, Wales, Welsh culture, Welsh history, and the Welsh language.
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Whigs (British political party)
The Whigs were a political faction and then a political party in the parliaments of England, Scotland, Great Britain, Ireland and the United Kingdom.
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William Bray (antiquary)
William Bray (1736–1832) was an English antiquary, best known as co-author of a county history of Surrey.
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William Dean (priest)
William Dean or Deane (died 28 August 1588) was an English Roman Catholic priest.
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William Hacket
William Hacket, also known as Hackett (died 1591), was an English puritan and religious fanatic, who claimed to be a messiah and called for the removal of Queen Elizabeth I. He was executed in London after being found guilty of treason.
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William Henry Drayton
Other notable men have similar names, see: William Drayton (disambiguation). William Henry Drayton (September 1742 – September 3, 1779) was an American planter and lawyer from Charleston, South Carolina.
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William Perkins (theologian)
William Perkins (1558–1602) was an influential English cleric and Cambridge theologian, receiving both a B.A. and M.A. from the university in 1581 and 1584 respectively, and also one of the foremost leaders of the Puritan movement in the Church of England during the Elizabethan era.
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William Wallace
Sir William Wallace (Scottish Gaelic: Uilleam Uallas; Norman French: William le Waleys; died 23 August 1305) was a Scottish knight who became one of the main leaders during the Wars of Scottish Independence.
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William Wilberforce
William Wilberforce (24 August 175929 July 1833) was an English politician known as the leader of the movement to stop the slave trade.
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References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanged,_drawn_and_quartered
