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Helena Modjeska

Index Helena Modjeska

Helena Modjeska (October 12, 1840 – April 8, 1909), whose actual Polish surname was Modrzejewska, was a renowned actress who specialized in Shakespearean and tragic roles. [1]

119 relations: A Doll's House, A Scandal in Bohemia, Actor, Adrienne Lecouvreur (play), Albert Chmielowski, Alexandre Dumas, Alexandre Dumas, fils, Alfred de Musset, Ana de Mendoza, Princess of Eboli, Anaheim, California, Arthur Conan Doyle, Émile Augier, Berezhany, Bochnia, Bowers Museum, Bridge, Bright's disease, Brook Farm, California, California Theatre (San Francisco), Caramel, Charitable organization, Charles Campbell Ross, Chernivtsi, Civil engineer, Confectionery, Cornwall, Count, Desdemona, Encyclopedia Americana, Ernest Legouvé, Ethel Barrymore, Free City of Cracow, Friar Laurence, Friedrich Schiller, German language, Godparent, Goodwin Sands, Grade–Ruan, Greenwood Publishing Group, Hamlet, Harry J. Sargent, HathiTrust, Helena Modrzejewska National Stary Theater in Kraków, Henrik Ibsen, Henryk Sienkiewicz, In America (novel), Irene Adler, Ivano-Frankivsk, Jerzy Jan Lerski, ..., John Blocki, Johnston Forbes-Robertson, Juliusz Słowacki, Kraków, La Dame aux Camélias, Larch, Louisville, Kentucky, Lviv, Mabel Collins, Marion de Lorme (Hugo), Marion Delorme, Marshmallow, Mary Stuart (play), Modjeska (confection), Modjeska Canyon, California, Modjeska House, Modjeska Peak, My Mortal Enemy, National Historic Landmark, New York City, New York Public Library for the Performing Arts, Newport Beach, California, Nobel Prize in Literature, Nowy Sącz, Octave Feuillet, Ophelia, Othello, Penzance, Plagiarism, Poland, Polish language, Poznań, Prima donna, Prussia, Przemyśl, Questia Online Library, Rakowicki Cemetery, Ralph Modjeski, Richard III (play), Romeo and Juliet, Russia, Russian Empire, Rzeszów, Saddleback (Orange County, California), Salon (gathering), San Francisco, Sanguszko, Santa Ana, California, Sapieha, Schimpff's Confectionery, Sherlock Holmes, St Ives (UK Parliament constituency), Stanisław Ignacy Witkiewicz, Stanisław Witkiewicz, Susan Sontag, Szlachta, The Lizard, Theodore Payne, Tragedy, United States, Victor Hugo, Victorien Sardou, Vienna, Warsaw, Władysław T. Benda, Willa Cather, William Shakespeare, World's Columbian Exposition, Wrocław. Expand index (69 more) »

A Doll's House

A Doll's House (Et dukkehjem; also translated as A Doll House) is a three-act play written by Norway's Henrik Ibsen.

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A Scandal in Bohemia

"A Scandal in Bohemia" is the first short story, and the third overall work, featuring Arthur Conan Doyle's fictional detective Sherlock Holmes.

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Actor

An actor (often actress for women; see terminology) is a person who portrays a character in a performance.

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Adrienne Lecouvreur (play)

Adrienne Lecouvreur is a French tragic play written by Ernest Legouvé and Eugène Scribe.

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Albert Chmielowski

Saint Albert Chmielowski (20 August 1845 – 25 December 1916) - born as Adam - was a Polish professed religious and the founder of both the Servants of the Poor and Sisters Servants of the Poor.

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Alexandre Dumas

Alexandre Dumas (born Dumas Davy de la Pailleterie; 24 July 1802 – 5 December 1870), also known as Alexandre Dumas, père ("father"), was a French writer.

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Alexandre Dumas, fils

Alexandre Dumas, fils (27 July 1824 – 27 November 1895) was a French author and playwright, best known for the romantic novel La Dame aux camélias (The Lady of the Camellias), published in 1848, which was adapted into Giuseppe Verdi's opera, La traviata (The Fallen Woman), as well as numerous stage and film productions, usually titled Camille in English-language versions.

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Alfred de Musset

Alfred Louis Charles de Musset-Pathay (11 December 1810 – 2 May 1857) was a French dramatist, poet, and novelist.

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Ana de Mendoza, Princess of Eboli

Ana de Mendoza de la Cerda y de Silva Cifuentes, Princess of Eboli, Duchess of Pastrana, (in full, Ana de Mendoza y de la Cerda), (29 June 1540 – 2 February 1592) was a Spanish aristocrat, suo jure 2nd Princess of Mélito, 2nd Duchess of Francavilla and 3rd Countess of Aliano.

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Anaheim, California

Anaheim (pronounced) is a city in Orange County, California, part of the Los Angeles metropolitan area.

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Arthur Conan Doyle

Sir Arthur Ignatius Conan Doyle (22 May 1859 – 7 July 1930) was a British writer best known for his detective fiction featuring the character Sherlock Holmes.

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Émile Augier

Guillaume Victor Émile Augier (17 September 1820 – 25 October 1889) was a French dramatist.

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Berezhany

Berezhany (Бережани, Brzeżany, Brezhan, בּז'יז'אני/בּז'ז'ני Bzhezhani/Bzhizhani) is a city of regional significance located in the Ternopil Oblast (province) of western Ukraine.

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Bochnia

Bochnia (German: Salzberg) is a town of 30,000 inhabitants on the river Raba in southern Poland.

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Bowers Museum

The Bowers Museum is an art museum located in Orange County, California.

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Bridge

A bridge is a structure built to span physical obstacles without closing the way underneath such as a body of water, valley, or road, for the purpose of providing passage over the obstacle.

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Bright's disease

Bright's disease is a historical classification of kidney diseases that would be described in modern medicine as acute or chronic nephritis.

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Brook Farm

Brook Farm, also called the Brook Farm Institute of Agriculture and EducationFelton, 124 or the Brook Farm Association for Industry and Education,Rose, 140 was a utopian experiment in communal living in the United States in the 1840s.

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California

California is a state in the Pacific Region of the United States.

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California Theatre (San Francisco)

The California Theatre (San Francisco), was located at 414 (now 440) Bush Street, San Francisco.

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Caramel

Caramel is a medium- to dark-orange confectionery product made by heating a variety of sugars.

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Charitable organization

A charitable organization or charity is a non-profit organization (NPO) whose primary objectives are philanthropy and social well-being (e.g. charitable, educational, religious, or other activities serving the public interest or common good).

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Charles Campbell Ross

Charles Campbell Ross (born London 1849; died 9 July 1920, Whitechapel) was a British politician and banker based in Penzance, Cornwall.

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Chernivtsi

Chernivtsi (Černivci; see also other names) is a city in western Ukraine, situated on the upper course of the River Prut.

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Civil engineer

A civil engineer is a person who practices civil engineering – the application of planning, designing, constructing, maintaining, and operating infrastructures while protecting the public and environmental health, as well as improving existing infrastructures that have been neglected.

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Confectionery

Confectionery is the art of making confections, which are food items that are rich in sugar and carbohydrates.

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Cornwall

Cornwall (Kernow) is a county in South West England in the United Kingdom.

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Count

Count (Male) or Countess (Female) is a title in European countries for a noble of varying status, but historically deemed to convey an approximate rank intermediate between the highest and lowest titles of nobility.

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Desdemona

Desdemona is a character in William Shakespeare's play Othello (c. 1601–1604).

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Encyclopedia Americana

Encyclopedia Americana is one of the largest general encyclopedias in the English language.

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Ernest Legouvé

Gabriel Jean Baptiste Ernest Wilfrid Legouvé (14 February 1807 – 14 March 1903) was a French dramatist.

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Ethel Barrymore

Ethel Barrymore (born Ethel Mae Blythe; August 15, 1879 – June 18, 1959) was an American actress and a member of the Barrymore family of actors.

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Free City of Cracow

The Free, Independent, and Strictly Neutral City of CracowThe Polish variant of Kraków is occasionally retroactively applied in English to the historical Free City.

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Friar Laurence

Friar Laurence is a fictional character in William Shakespeare's play Romeo and Juliet.

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Friedrich Schiller

Johann Christoph Friedrich von Schiller (10 November 17599 May 1805) was a German poet, philosopher, physician, historian, and playwright.

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German language

German (Deutsch) is a West Germanic language that is mainly spoken in Central Europe.

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Godparent

A godparent (also known as a sponsor), in many denominations of Christianity, is someone who bears witness to a child's baptism and then aids in their catechesis, as well as their lifelong spiritual formation.

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Goodwin Sands

Goodwin Sands is a long sandbank at the southern end of the North Sea lying off the Deal coast in Kent, England.

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Grade–Ruan

Grade–Ruan is a civil parish on the Lizard peninsula in Cornwall, England, United Kingdom, approximately ten miles (16 km) south of Falmouth.

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Greenwood Publishing Group

ABC-CLIO/Greenwood is an educational and academic publisher (middle school through university level) which is today part of ABC-CLIO.

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Hamlet

The Tragedy of Hamlet, Prince of Denmark, often shortened to Hamlet, is a tragedy written by William Shakespeare at an uncertain date between 1599 and 1602.

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Harry J. Sargent

Harry J. Sargent (1843-1896) was an American actor, magician, theatre manager and agent who promoted several female actors including Madame Modjeska, Hortense Rhéa, Madame Janauschek and Adelaide Moore.

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HathiTrust

HathiTrust is a large-scale collaborative repository of digital content from research libraries including content digitized via the Google Books project and Internet Archive digitization initiatives, as well as content digitized locally by libraries.

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Helena Modrzejewska National Stary Theater in Kraków

The Helena Modrzejewska National Stary Theater in Kraków (Polish: Narodowy Stary Teatr im. Heleny Modrzejewskiej), first opened in 1781.

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Henrik Ibsen

Henrik Johan Ibsen (20 March 1828 – 23 May 1906) was a Norwegian playwright, theatre director, and poet.

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Henryk Sienkiewicz

Henryk Adam Aleksander Pius Sienkiewicz (also known by the pseudonym "Litwos"; 5 May 1846 – 15 November 1916) was a Polish journalist, novelist and Nobel Prize laureate.

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In America (novel)

In America is a 1999 novel by Susan Sontag.

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Irene Adler

Irene Adler is a fictional character in the Sherlock Holmes stories written by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle.

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Ivano-Frankivsk

Ivano-Frankivsk (Ivano-Frankivsk; formerly Stanyslaviv, Stanislau, or Stanisławów; see below) is a historic city located in Western Ukraine.

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Jerzy Jan Lerski

Jerzy Jan Lerski (nom de guerre: Jur; also known as George Jan Lerski; was a Polish lawyer, soldier, historian, political scientist and politician. After World War II he emigrated to the United States, where he became a full professor at the University of San Francisco.

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John Blocki

John Blocki (15 June 1845 – 7 May 1934) was one of America's pioneer perfumers.

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Johnston Forbes-Robertson

Sir Johnston Forbes-Robertson (16 January 1853 – 6 November 1937Sir Johnston Forbes Robertson, Beauty And Grace In Acting, Obituaries, The Times, 8 November 1937.) was an English actor and theatre manager.

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Juliusz Słowacki

Juliusz Słowacki (23 August 1809 – 3 April 1849) was a Polish Romantic poet.

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Kraków

Kraków, also spelled Cracow or Krakow, is the second largest and one of the oldest cities in Poland.

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La Dame aux Camélias

La Dame aux Camélias (literally The Lady with the Camellias, commonly known in English as Camille) is a novel by Alexandre Dumas, ''fils'', first published in 1848, and subsequently adapted by Dumas for the stage.

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Larch

Larches are conifers in the genus Larix, of the family Pinaceae (subfamily Laricoideae).

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Louisville, Kentucky

Louisville is the largest city in the Commonwealth of Kentucky and the 29th most-populous city in the United States.

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Lviv

Lviv (Львів; Львов; Lwów; Lemberg; Leopolis; see also other names) is the largest city in western Ukraine and the seventh-largest city in the country overall, with a population of around 728,350 as of 2016.

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Mabel Collins

Mabel Collins (9 September 1851 – 31 March 1927) was a theosophist and author of over 46 books.

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Marion de Lorme (Hugo)

Marion de Lorme is a play in five acts, written in 1828 by Victor Hugo.

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Marion Delorme

Marion Delorme (3 October 1613 – 2 July 1650) was a French courtesan known for her relationships with the important men of her time.

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Marshmallow

A marshmallow is a sugar-based confectionery that in its modern form typically consists of sugar, water and gelatin whipped to a squishy consistency, molded into small cylindrical pieces, and coated with corn starch.

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Mary Stuart (play)

Mary Stuart (Maria Stuart) is a verse play by Friedrich Schiller that depicts the last days of Mary, Queen of Scots.

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Modjeska (confection)

A Modjeska is a confection consisting of marshmallow dipped in caramel.

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Modjeska Canyon, California

Modjeska is an unincorporated community on the western slope of the Santa Ana Mountains in eastern Orange County, California.

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Modjeska House

Modjeska House, also known as Arden, is a house designed by Stanford White in Modjeska Canyon, California.

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Modjeska Peak

Modjeska Peak is the northern mountain of Orange County's Saddleback formation.

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My Mortal Enemy

My Mortal Enemy is the eighth novel by American author Willa Cather.

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National Historic Landmark

A National Historic Landmark (NHL) is a building, district, object, site, or structure that is officially recognized by the United States government for its outstanding historical significance.

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New York City

The City of New York, often called New York City (NYC) or simply New York, is the most populous city in the United States.

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New York Public Library for the Performing Arts

The New York Public Library for the Performing Arts, Dorothy and Lewis B. Cullman Center, at 40 Lincoln Center Plaza, is located in Manhattan, New York City, at the Lincoln Center for the Performing Arts on the Upper West Side, between the Metropolitan Opera House and the Vivian Beaumont Theater.

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Newport Beach, California

Newport Beach is a seaside city in Orange County, California, United States.

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Nobel Prize in Literature

The Nobel Prize in Literature (Nobelpriset i litteratur) is a Swedish literature prize that has been awarded annually, since 1901, to an author from any country who has, in the words of the will of Swedish industrialist Alfred Nobel, produced "in the field of literature the most outstanding work in an ideal direction" (original Swedish: "den som inom litteraturen har producerat det mest framstående verket i en idealisk riktning").

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Nowy Sącz

Nowy Sącz is a city in the Lesser Poland Voivodeship of southern Poland.

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Octave Feuillet

Octave Feuillet (11 August 1821 – 29 December 1890) was a French novelist and dramatist.

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Ophelia

Ophelia is a character in William Shakespeare's drama Hamlet.

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Othello

Othello (The Tragedy of Othello, the Moor of Venice) is a tragedy by William Shakespeare, believed to have been written in 1603.

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Penzance

Penzance (Pennsans) is a town, civil parish and port in Cornwall, in England, United Kingdom.

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Plagiarism

Plagiarism is the "wrongful appropriation" and "stealing and publication" of another author's "language, thoughts, ideas, or expressions" and the representation of them as one's own original work.

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Poland

Poland (Polska), officially the Republic of Poland (Rzeczpospolita Polska), is a country located in Central Europe.

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Polish language

Polish (język polski or simply polski) is a West Slavic language spoken primarily in Poland and is the native language of the Poles.

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Poznań

Poznań (Posen; known also by other historical names) is a city on the Warta River in west-central Poland, in the Greater Poland region.

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Prima donna

In opera or commedia dell'arte, a prima donna (plural: prime donne; Italian for "first lady") is the leading female singer in the company, the person to whom the prime roles would be given.

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Prussia

Prussia (Preußen) was a historically prominent German state that originated in 1525 with a duchy centred on the region of Prussia.

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Przemyśl

Przemyśl (Premissel, Peremyshl, Перемишль less often Перемишель) is a city in south-eastern Poland with 66,756 inhabitants, as of June 2009.

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Questia Online Library

Questia is an online commercial digital library of books and articles that has an academic orientation, with a particular emphasis on books and journal articles in the humanities and social sciences.

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Rakowicki Cemetery

Rakowicki Cemetery (Cmentarz Rakowicki) is a cemetery in Poland, located in the centre of Kraków.

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Ralph Modjeski

Ralph Modjeski (born Rudolf Modrzejewski; January 27, 1861 – June 26, 1940) was a Polish civil engineer who achieved prominence as a pre-eminent bridge designer in the United States.

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Richard III (play)

Richard III is a historical play by William Shakespeare believed to have been written around 1593.

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Romeo and Juliet

Romeo and Juliet is a tragedy written by William Shakespeare early in his career about two young star-crossed lovers whose deaths ultimately reconcile their feuding families.

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Russia

Russia (rɐˈsʲijə), officially the Russian Federation (p), is a country in Eurasia. At, Russia is the largest country in the world by area, covering more than one-eighth of the Earth's inhabited land area, and the ninth most populous, with over 144 million people as of December 2017, excluding Crimea. About 77% of the population live in the western, European part of the country. Russia's capital Moscow is one of the largest cities in the world; other major cities include Saint Petersburg, Novosibirsk, Yekaterinburg and Nizhny Novgorod. Extending across the entirety of Northern Asia and much of Eastern Europe, Russia spans eleven time zones and incorporates a wide range of environments and landforms. From northwest to southeast, Russia shares land borders with Norway, Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania and Poland (both with Kaliningrad Oblast), Belarus, Ukraine, Georgia, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, China, Mongolia and North Korea. It shares maritime borders with Japan by the Sea of Okhotsk and the U.S. state of Alaska across the Bering Strait. The East Slavs emerged as a recognizable group in Europe between the 3rd and 8th centuries AD. Founded and ruled by a Varangian warrior elite and their descendants, the medieval state of Rus arose in the 9th century. In 988 it adopted Orthodox Christianity from the Byzantine Empire, beginning the synthesis of Byzantine and Slavic cultures that defined Russian culture for the next millennium. Rus' ultimately disintegrated into a number of smaller states; most of the Rus' lands were overrun by the Mongol invasion and became tributaries of the nomadic Golden Horde in the 13th century. The Grand Duchy of Moscow gradually reunified the surrounding Russian principalities, achieved independence from the Golden Horde. By the 18th century, the nation had greatly expanded through conquest, annexation, and exploration to become the Russian Empire, which was the third largest empire in history, stretching from Poland on the west to Alaska on the east. Following the Russian Revolution, the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic became the largest and leading constituent of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, the world's first constitutionally socialist state. The Soviet Union played a decisive role in the Allied victory in World War II, and emerged as a recognized superpower and rival to the United States during the Cold War. The Soviet era saw some of the most significant technological achievements of the 20th century, including the world's first human-made satellite and the launching of the first humans in space. By the end of 1990, the Soviet Union had the world's second largest economy, largest standing military in the world and the largest stockpile of weapons of mass destruction. Following the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991, twelve independent republics emerged from the USSR: Russia, Ukraine, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and the Baltic states regained independence: Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania; the Russian SFSR reconstituted itself as the Russian Federation and is recognized as the continuing legal personality and a successor of the Soviet Union. It is governed as a federal semi-presidential republic. The Russian economy ranks as the twelfth largest by nominal GDP and sixth largest by purchasing power parity in 2015. Russia's extensive mineral and energy resources are the largest such reserves in the world, making it one of the leading producers of oil and natural gas globally. The country is one of the five recognized nuclear weapons states and possesses the largest stockpile of weapons of mass destruction. Russia is a great power as well as a regional power and has been characterised as a potential superpower. It is a permanent member of the United Nations Security Council and an active global partner of ASEAN, as well as a member of the G20, the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO), the Council of Europe, the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC), the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE), and the World Trade Organization (WTO), as well as being the leading member of the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS), the Collective Security Treaty Organization (CSTO) and one of the five members of the Eurasian Economic Union (EEU), along with Armenia, Belarus, Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan.

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Russian Empire

The Russian Empire (Российская Империя) or Russia was an empire that existed across Eurasia and North America from 1721, following the end of the Great Northern War, until the Republic was proclaimed by the Provisional Government that took power after the February Revolution of 1917.

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Rzeszów

Rzeszów (Ряшiв, Ŕašiv; Resche (antiquated); Resovia; ריישע, rayshe) is the largest city in southeastern Poland, with a population of 189,637 (01.03.2018).

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Saddleback (Orange County, California)

Saddleback, sometimes called Old Saddleback or Saddleback Mountain, is the landmark formed by the two highest peaks in the Santa Ana Mountains and the ridge between them.

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Salon (gathering)

A salon is a gathering of people under the roof of an inspiring host.

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San Francisco

San Francisco (initials SF;, Spanish for 'Saint Francis'), officially the City and County of San Francisco, is the cultural, commercial, and financial center of Northern California.

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Sanguszko

Paweł Karol Sanguszko Dymitr Sanguszko Roman Sanguszko Janusz Sanguszko Hieronim Sanguszko Barbara Sanguszko née Dunin Eustachy Erazm Sanguszko Władysław Hieronim Sanguszko Eustachy Stanisław Sanguszko Sanguszko (Сангушка, Санґушко) is a noble and aristocratic family of the Ruthenian stock from the Gediminid dynasty.

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Santa Ana, California

Santa Ana (Spanish for "Saint Anne") is the county seat and second most populous city in Orange County, California.

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Sapieha

Sapieha (Сапега, Sapeha; Lithuanian: Sapiega) is a princely (magnate) family of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania of Ruthenian origin, descending from the medieval boyars of Smolensk or Polack.

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Schimpff's Confectionery

Schimpff's Confectionery is a historic candy maker, confectionery store and museum located in Jeffersonville, Indiana, within the Old Jeffersonville Historic District.

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Sherlock Holmes

Sherlock Holmes is a fictional private detective created by British author Sir Arthur Conan Doyle.

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St Ives (UK Parliament constituency)

St.

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Stanisław Ignacy Witkiewicz

Stanisław Ignacy Witkiewicz (24 February 188518 September 1939), commonly known as Witkacy, was a Polish writer, painter, philosopher, playwright, novelist, and photographer active in the interwar period.

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Stanisław Witkiewicz

Stanisław Witkiewicz (8 May 1851 in Pašiaušė – 5 September 1915 in Lovran) was a Polish painter, architect, writer and art theoretician.

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Susan Sontag

Susan Sontag (January 16, 1933 – December 28, 2004) was an American writer, filmmaker, philosopher, teacher, and political activist.

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Szlachta

The szlachta (exonym: Nobility) was a legally privileged noble class in the Kingdom of Poland, Grand Duchy of Lithuania, Ruthenia, Samogitia (both after Union of Lublin became a single state, the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth) and the Zaporozhian Host.

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The Lizard

The Lizard (An Lysardh) is a peninsula in southern Cornwall, England, United Kingdom.

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Theodore Payne

Theodore Payne (June 19, 1872 - May 6, 1963), was an English horticulturist, gardener, landscape designer, and botanist.

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Tragedy

Tragedy (from the τραγῳδία, tragōidia) is a form of drama based on human suffering that invokes an accompanying catharsis or pleasure in audiences.

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United States

The United States of America (USA), commonly known as the United States (U.S.) or America, is a federal republic composed of 50 states, a federal district, five major self-governing territories, and various possessions.

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Victor Hugo

Victor Marie Hugo (26 February 1802 – 22 May 1885) was a French poet, novelist, and dramatist of the Romantic movement.

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Victorien Sardou

Victorien Sardou (5 September 1831 – 8 November 1908) was a French dramatist.

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Vienna

Vienna (Wien) is the federal capital and largest city of Austria and one of the nine states of Austria.

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Warsaw

Warsaw (Warszawa; see also other names) is the capital and largest city of Poland.

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Władysław T. Benda

Władysław Teodor "W.T." Benda (January 15, 1873, Poznań, Poland (Posen, German Empire) – November 30, 1948, Newark, New Jersey, United States) was a Polish painter, illustrator, and designer.

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Willa Cather

Willa Sibert Cather (December 7, 1873 Cather's birth date is confirmed by a birth certificate and a January 22, 1874, letter of her father's referring to her. While working at McClure's Magazine, Cather claimed to be born in 1875. After 1920, she claimed 1876 as her birth year. That is the date carved into her gravestone at Jaffrey, New Hampshire. – April 24, 1947 Retrieved March 11, 2015.) was an American writer who achieved recognition for her novels of frontier life on the Great Plains, including O Pioneers! (1913), The Song of the Lark (1915), and My Ántonia (1918).

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William Shakespeare

William Shakespeare (26 April 1564 (baptised)—23 April 1616) was an English poet, playwright and actor, widely regarded as both the greatest writer in the English language, and the world's pre-eminent dramatist.

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World's Columbian Exposition

The World's Columbian Exposition (the official shortened name for the World's Fair: Columbian Exposition, also known as the Chicago World's Fair and Chicago Columbian Exposition) was a world's fair held in Chicago in 1893 to celebrate the 400th anniversary of Christopher Columbus's arrival in the New World in 1492.

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Wrocław

Wrocław (Breslau; Vratislav; Vratislavia) is the largest city in western Poland.

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Redirects here:

Helena Modrzejewska, Madame Modjeska.

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helena_Modjeska

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