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259 relations: Abstract expressionism, Académie française, Actes et Paroles, Adèle Hugo, Albert Camus, Alexandre Dumas, Alexandrine, Alps, Amilcare Ponchielli, Angel, Angelo, Tyrant of Padua, Anti-clericalism, Arc de Triomphe, Association Littéraire et Artistique Internationale, Avellino, Avenue Victor-Hugo (Paris), Édouard Lalo, Émile Zola, Étienne Carjat, Bagne of Toulon, Béziers, Benito Juárez, Berne Convention, Besançon, Bois de Boulogne, Bordeaux, Bourbon Restoration, British Rail, Brussels, Bug-Jargal, C-SPAN, Camille Saint-Saëns, Caodaism, Capital punishment in France, Capital punishment in Portugal, Capital punishment in Switzerland, Carl Maria von Weber, César Franck, Chamber of Peers (France), Champs-Élysées, Channel Islands, Charles Augustin Sainte-Beuve, Charles Baudelaire, Charles Dickens, Charles Gilpin (politician), Charles Vacquerie, Christoph Willibald Gluck, Claude Gueux, Claudio Monteverdi, Colombia, ..., Comédie-Française, Conversations with Eternity, Copyright, Cromwell (play), Crucifix, David Alagna, Deism, Delphine de Girardin, Dictatorship, Dieu, Doubs, Dramaturgy, Drawing, Emperor of the French, Ernani, Erotomania, Eugène Delacroix, Euryanthe, Exile, Faith in Christianity, First French Empire, François-René de Chateaubriand, François-Victor Hugo, Franche-Comté, Franco-Prussian War, Franz Liszt, Frédéric Bastiat, Freedom of the press, Freethought, French conquest of Algeria, French coup d'état of 1851, French nationality law, French Revolution, French Revolution of 1848, French Second Republic, French Third Republic, Fyodor Dostoevsky, Gabriel Fauré, Gaetano Donizetti, Georges Bizet, Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina, Gironde, Giuseppe Verdi, Goncourt brothers, Graphomania, Griffin, Guernsey, Guillaume Connesson, Gustave Flaubert, Hauteville House, Havana, Hector Berlioz, Henry Richard, Hernani (drama), Hippolyte Taine, History of psychiatric institutions, House of Bourbon, Hugoton, Kansas, Hurst and Blackett, Index Librorum Prohibitorum, International Peace Congress, Jakin (magazine), Jean Boucher (artist), Jersey, John Brown (abolitionist), Joseph Léopold Sigisbert Hugo, Journalist, Joxe Azurmendi, Jules Barbey d'Aurevilly, Jules Grévy, Jules Massenet, Jules Michelet, Juliette Drouet, Kuusankoski, L'Année terrible, L'Art d'être grand-père, La Esmeralda (opera), La Fin de Satan, La Gioconda (opera), La Légende des siècles, La Pitié suprême, Lapsed Catholic, Léonie d’Aunet, Léopoldine Hugo, Le Matin (France), Le Pape, Le Petit Journal (newspaper), Le Rhin, Le roi s'amuse, Leconte de Lisle, Les Burgraves, Les Châtiments, Les Contemplations, Les Misérables, Les Misérables (musical), Les Orientales, Les Rayons et les Ombres, Les Voix intérieures, Liberalism and radicalism in France, Library of Congress, List of members of the Académie française, Literary realism, London and North Western Railway, Louis Philippe I, Louis XVIII of France, Louise Bertin, Louise Michel, Lucrezia Borgia (opera), Lucrezia Borgia (play), Ludwig van Beethoven, Lycée Louis-le-Grand, Manufacture nationale de Sèvres, Marble, Marie Tudor, Marion de Lorme (Hugo), Matthias Kadar, Maximilian I of Mexico, Mediterranean Sea, Metropolitan Museum of Art, Monarchism, Mosaic, Naples, Napoléon le Petit, Napoleon, Napoleon III, National Assembly (1871), National Assembly (France), Naturalism (literature), Népomucène Lemercier, Nguyễn Bỉnh Khiêm, Ninety-Three, Notre-Dame de Paris, Notre-Dame de Paris (musical), Novel, Odes et Ballades, Old Summer Palace, Panthéon, Paris, Paris Commune, Paris Métro, Party of Order, Peerage of France, Pen, Place Charles de Gaulle, Pneumonia, Poems of Victor Hugo, Poetry, Rationalism, Reign of Terror, Religions et religion, Religious fanaticism, Republican Union (France), Republicanism, Richard Cobden, Richard Wagner, Rigoletto, Roberto Alagna, Romanticism, Rome, Royalist, Ruy Blas, Saint, Saint Peter Port, Samuel Pepys, Sarah Bernhardt, Séance, Seine, Seine (department), Self-governance, Senate (France), Sergei Rachmaninoff, Shawinigan, Siege of Paris (1870–71), Sigmund Freud, Social justice, Spiritism, Spokane, Washington, State Library of Victoria, Stroke, Sun Yat-sen, Surrealism, Tây Ninh, Telegraphy, The History of a Crime, The Hunchback of Notre-Dame, The Last Day of a Condemned Man, The Man Who Laughs, The Spokesman-Review, The Story of Adele H., Theatre, Thierry Escaich, Thomas Jefferson Building, Toilers of the Sea, Torquemada (play), Unconscious mind, United States of Europe, Van Gogh Museum, Vianden, Victor Hugo (Paris Métro), Victor Lahorie, Victor-Joseph Étienne de Jouy, Villequier, Vincent van Gogh, Voltaire, Vosges, West End of London, William Shakespeare (essay), Woodburytype, 16th arrondissement of Paris. Expand index (209 more) »
Abstract expressionism
Abstract expressionism is a post–World War II art movement in American painting, developed in New York in the 1940s.
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Académie française
The Académie française is the pre-eminent French council for matters pertaining to the French language.
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Actes et Paroles
Actes et Paroles (English: Deeds and Words) is an 1875 book by Victor Hugo that recounts his life story and his dreams of the future.
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Adèle Hugo
Adèle Hugo (28 July 1830 – 21 April 1915) was the fifth and youngest child of French writer Victor Hugo.
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Albert Camus
Albert Camus (7 November 1913 – 4 January 1960) was a French philosopher, author, and journalist.
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Alexandre Dumas
Alexandre Dumas (born Dumas Davy de la Pailleterie; 24 July 1802 – 5 December 1870), also known as Alexandre Dumas, père ("father"), was a French writer.
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Alexandrine
Alexandrine is a name used for several distinct types of verse line with related metrical structures, most of which are ultimately derived from the classical French alexandrine.
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Alps
The Alps (Alpes; Alpen; Alpi; Alps; Alpe) are the highest and most extensive mountain range system that lies entirely in Europe,The Caucasus Mountains are higher, and the Urals longer, but both lie partly in Asia.
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Amilcare Ponchielli
Amilcare Ponchielli (31 August 1834 – 16 January 1886) was an Italian opera composer, best known for his opera ''La Gioconda''.
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Angel
An angel is generally a supernatural being found in various religions and mythologies.
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Angelo, Tyrant of Padua
Angelo, Tyrant of Padua (Angelo, tyran de Padoue) is an 1835 play by the French writer Victor Hugo.
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Anti-clericalism
Anti-clericalism is opposition to religious authority, typically in social or political matters.
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Arc de Triomphe
The Arc de Triomphe de l'Étoile (Triumphal Arch of the Star) is one of the most famous monuments in Paris, standing at the western end of the Champs-Élysées at the center of Place Charles de Gaulle, formerly named Place de l'Étoile — the étoile or "star" of the juncture formed by its twelve radiating avenues.
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Association Littéraire et Artistique Internationale
The Association Littéraire et Artistique Internationale (ALAI) was founded in 1878 in Paris.
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Avellino
Avellino is a town and comune, capital of the province of Avellino in the Campania region of southern Italy.
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Avenue Victor-Hugo (Paris)
Avenue Victor-Hugo is an avenue in the 16th arrondissement of Paris.
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Édouard Lalo
Édouard-Victoire-Antoine Lalo (27 January 182322 April 1892) was a French composer.
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Émile Zola
Émile Édouard Charles Antoine Zola (2 April 1840 – 29 September 1902) was a French novelist, playwright, journalist, the best-known practitioner of the literary school of naturalism, and an important contributor to the development of theatrical naturalism.
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Étienne Carjat
Étienne Carjat (28 March 1828 in Fareins, Ain – 19 March 1906 in Paris), was a French journalist, caricaturist and photographer.
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Bagne of Toulon
The Bagne of Toulon was the notorious prison in Toulon, France, made famous as the place of imprisonment of Jean Valjean, the hero of Les Misérables, the novel by Victor Hugo.
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Béziers
Béziers (Besièrs) is a town in Languedoc in southern France.
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Benito Juárez
Benito Pablo Juárez García (21 March 1806 – 18 July 1872) was a Mexican lawyer and liberal politician of Zapotec origin from Oaxaca.
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Berne Convention
The Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works, usually known as the Berne Convention, is an international agreement governing copyright, which was first accepted in Berne, Switzerland, in 1886.
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Besançon
Besançon (French and Arpitan:; archaic Bisanz, Vesontio) is the capital of the department of Doubs in the region of Bourgogne-Franche-Comté.
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Bois de Boulogne
The Bois de Boulogne is a large public park located along the western edge of the 16th arrondissement of Paris, near the suburb of Boulogne-Billancourt and Neuilly-sur-Seine.
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Bordeaux
Bordeaux (Gascon Occitan: Bordèu) is a port city on the Garonne in the Gironde department in Southwestern France.
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Bourbon Restoration
The Bourbon Restoration was the period of French history following the fall of Napoleon in 1814 until the July Revolution of 1830.
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British Rail
British Railways (BR), which from 1965 traded as British Rail, was the state-owned company that operated most of the rail transport in Great Britain between 1948 and 1997.
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Brussels
Brussels (Bruxelles,; Brussel), officially the Brussels-Capital Region (All text and all but one graphic show the English name as Brussels-Capital Region.) (Région de Bruxelles-Capitale, Brussels Hoofdstedelijk Gewest), is a region of Belgium comprising 19 municipalities, including the City of Brussels, which is the de jure capital of Belgium.
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Bug-Jargal
Bug-Jargal is a novel by the French writer Victor Hugo.
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C-SPAN
C-SPAN, an acronym for Cable-Satellite Public Affairs Network, is an American cable and satellite television network that was created in 1979 by the cable television industry as a public service.
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Camille Saint-Saëns
Charles-Camille Saint-Saëns (9 October 183516 December 1921) was a French composer, organist, conductor and pianist of the Romantic era.
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Caodaism
Caodaism (Chữ nôm: 道高臺) is a monotheistic religion officially established in the city of Tây Ninh in southern Vietnam in 1926.
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Capital punishment in France
Capital punishment in France (French: peine de mort en France) is banned by Article 66-1 of the Constitution of the French Republic, voted as a constitutional amendment by the Congress of the French Parliament on 19 February 2007 and simply stating "No one can be sentenced to death" (French: Nul ne peut être condamné à mort).
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Capital punishment in Portugal
Portugal was a pioneer in the process of abolishment of the capital punishment.
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Capital punishment in Switzerland
Capital punishment is forbidden in Switzerland by article 10, paragraph 1 of the Swiss Federal Constitution.
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Carl Maria von Weber
Carl Maria Friedrich Ernst von Weber (18 or 19 November 1786 5 June 1826) was a German composer, conductor, pianist, guitarist and critic, and was one of the first significant composers of the Romantic school.
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César Franck
César-Auguste-Jean-Guillaume-Hubert Franck (10 December 1822 – 8 November 1890) was a composer, pianist, organist, and music teacher who worked in Paris during his adult life.
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Chamber of Peers (France)
The Chamber of Peers (French: Chambre des Pairs) was the upper house of the French parliament from 1814 to 1848.
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Champs-Élysées
The Avenue des Champs-Élysées is an avenue in the 8th arrondissement of Paris, long and wide, running between the Place de la Concorde and the Place Charles de Gaulle, where the Arc de Triomphe is located.
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Channel Islands
The Channel Islands (Norman: Îles d'la Manche; French: Îles Anglo-Normandes or Îles de la Manche) are an archipelago in the English Channel, off the French coast of Normandy.
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Charles Augustin Sainte-Beuve
Charles Augustin Sainte-Beuve (23 December 1804, in Boulogne-sur-Mer – 13 October 1869, in Paris) was a literary critic of French literature.
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Charles Baudelaire
Charles Pierre Baudelaire (April 9, 1821 – August 31, 1867) was a French poet who also produced notable work as an essayist, art critic, and pioneering translator of Edgar Allan Poe.
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Charles Dickens
Charles John Huffam Dickens (7 February 1812 – 9 June 1870) was an English writer and social critic.
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Charles Gilpin (politician)
Charles Gilpin (31 March 1815 – 8 September 1874) was a Quaker, orator, politician, publisher and railway director.
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Charles Vacquerie
Charles Vacquerie (12 April 1817, Nantes - 4 September 1843, Villequier) was the son-in-law of Victor Hugo and a notable figure in his circle.
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Christoph Willibald Gluck
Christoph Willibald (Ritter von) Gluck (born on 2 July, baptized 4 July 1714As there is only a documentary record with Gluck's date of baptism, 4 July. According to his widow, he was born on 3 July, but nobody in the 18th century paid attention to the birthdate until Napoleon introduced it. A birth date was only known if the parents kept a diary. The authenticity of the 1785 document (published in the Allgemeinen Wiener Musik-Zeitung vom 6. April 1844) is disputed, by Robl. (Robl 2015, pp. 141–147).--> – 15 November 1787) was a composer of Italian and French opera in the early classical period.
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Claude Gueux
"Claude Gueux" was a short story written by Victor Hugo in 1834.
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Claudio Monteverdi
Claudio Giovanni Antonio Monteverdi (15 May 1567 (baptized) – 29 November 1643) was an Italian composer, string player and choirmaster.
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Colombia
Colombia, officially the Republic of Colombia, is a sovereign state largely situated in the northwest of South America, with territories in Central America.
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Comédie-Française
The Comédie-Française or Théâtre-Français is one of the few state theatres in France and is considered the oldest still-active theatre in the world.
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Conversations with Eternity
Conversations with Eternity is a book by John Chambers, published from a series of notes by Victor Hugo.
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Copyright
Copyright is a legal right, existing globally in many countries, that basically grants the creator of an original work exclusive rights to determine and decide whether, and under what conditions, this original work may be used by others.
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Cromwell (play)
Cromwell is a play by Victor Hugo, written in 1827.
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Crucifix
A crucifix (from Latin cruci fixus meaning "(one) fixed to a cross") is an image of Jesus on the cross, as distinct from a bare cross.
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David Alagna
David Alagna (Paris, 1975) is a French stage director and composer.
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Deism
Deism (or; derived from Latin "deus" meaning "god") is a philosophical belief that posits that God exists and is ultimately responsible for the creation of the universe, but does not interfere directly with the created world.
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Delphine de Girardin
Delphine de Girardin (24 January 1804 – 29 June 1855), pen name Vicomte Delaunay, was a French author.
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Dictatorship
A dictatorship is an authoritarian form of government, characterized by a single leader or group of leaders with either no party or a weak party, little mass mobilization, and limited political pluralism.
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Dieu
Dieu ("God", 1891) is a long religious epic by Victor Hugo, parts of which were written between 1855 and 1862.
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Doubs
Doubs (Arpitan: Dubs) is a department in the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region of eastern France named after the Doubs River.
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Dramaturgy
The word Dramaturgy, is from the greek δραματουργέιν 'to write a drama'.
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Drawing
Drawing is a form of visual art in which a person uses various drawing instruments to mark paper or another two-dimensional medium.
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Emperor of the French
Emperor of the French (French: Empereur des Français) was the title used by the House of Bonaparte starting when Napoleon Bonaparte was given the title of Emperor on 18 May 1804 by the French Senate and was crowned emperor of the French on 2 December 1804 at the cathedral of Notre-Dame de Paris, in Paris, with the Crown of Napoleon.
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Ernani
Ernani is an operatic dramma lirico in four acts by Giuseppe Verdi to an Italian libretto by Francesco Maria Piave, based on the play Hernani by Victor Hugo.
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Erotomania
Erotomania is listed in the DSM 5 as a subtype of a delusional disorder.
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Eugène Delacroix
Ferdinand Victor Eugène Delacroix (26 April 1798 – 13 August 1863) was a French Romantic artist regarded from the outset of his career as the leader of the French Romantic school.
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Euryanthe
Euryanthe is a German "grand, heroic, romantic" opera by Carl Maria von Weber, first performed at the Theater am Kärntnertor, Vienna on 25 October 1823.
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Exile
To be in exile means to be away from one's home (i.e. city, state, or country), while either being explicitly refused permission to return or being threatened with imprisonment or death upon return.
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Faith in Christianity
In one sense, faith in Christianity is often discussed in terms of believing God's promises, trusting in his faithfulness, and relying on God's character and faithfulness to act.
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First French Empire
The First French Empire (Empire Français) was the empire of Napoleon Bonaparte of France and the dominant power in much of continental Europe at the beginning of the 19th century.
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François-René de Chateaubriand
François-René (Auguste), vicomte de Chateaubriand (4 September 1768 – 4 July 1848), was a French writer, politician, diplomat and historian who founded Romanticism in French literature.
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François-Victor Hugo
François-Victor Hugo (28 October 1828 – 26 December 1873) was the fourth of five children of French novelist Victor Hugo and his wife Adèle Foucher.
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Franche-Comté
Franche-Comté (literally "Free County", Frainc-Comtou dialect: Fraintche-Comtè; Franche-Comtât; Freigrafschaft; Franco Condado) is a former administrative region and a traditional province of eastern France.
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Franco-Prussian War
The Franco-Prussian War or Franco-German War (Deutsch-Französischer Krieg, Guerre franco-allemande), often referred to in France as the War of 1870 (19 July 1871) or in Germany as 70/71, was a conflict between the Second French Empire of Napoleon III and the German states of the North German Confederation led by the Kingdom of Prussia.
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Franz Liszt
Franz Liszt (Liszt Ferencz, in modern usage Liszt Ferenc;Liszt's Hungarian passport spelt his given name as "Ferencz". An orthographic reform of the Hungarian language in 1922 (which was 36 years after Liszt's death) changed the letter "cz" to simply "c" in all words except surnames; this has led to Liszt's given name being rendered in modern Hungarian usage as "Ferenc". From 1859 to 1867 he was officially Franz Ritter von Liszt; he was created a Ritter (knight) by Emperor Francis Joseph I in 1859, but never used this title of nobility in public. The title was necessary to marry the Princess Carolyne zu Sayn-Wittgenstein without her losing her privileges, but after the marriage fell through, Liszt transferred the title to his uncle Eduard in 1867. Eduard's son was Franz von Liszt. 22 October 181131 July 1886) was a prolific 19th-century Hungarian composer, virtuoso pianist, conductor, music teacher, arranger, organist, philanthropist, author, nationalist and a Franciscan tertiary during the Romantic era.
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Frédéric Bastiat
Claude-Frédéric Bastiat (29 June 1801 – 24 December 1850) was a French economist and writer who was a prominent member of the French Liberal School.
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Freedom of the press
Freedom of the press or freedom of the media is the principle that communication and expression through various media, including printed and electronic media, especially published materials, should be considered a right to be exercised freely.
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Freethought
Freethought (or "free thought") is a philosophical viewpoint which holds that positions regarding truth should be formed on the basis of logic, reason, and empiricism, rather than authority, tradition, revelation, or dogma.
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French conquest of Algeria
The French conquest of Algeria took place between 1830 and 1847.
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French coup d'état of 1851
The French coup d'état of 2 December 1851 was a self-coup staged by Prince Louis-Napoléon Bonaparte (at the time President of the French Second Republic).
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French nationality law
French nationality law is historically based on the principles of jus soli (Latin for "right of soil"), according to Ernest Renan's definition, in opposition to the German definition of nationality, jus sanguinis (Latin for "right of blood"), formalized by Johann Gottlieb Fichte.
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French Revolution
The French Revolution (Révolution française) was a period of far-reaching social and political upheaval in France and its colonies that lasted from 1789 until 1799.
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French Revolution of 1848
The 1848 Revolution in France, sometimes known as the February Revolution (révolution de Février), was one of a wave of revolutions in 1848 in Europe.
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French Second Republic
The French Second Republic was a short-lived republican government of France between the 1848 Revolution and the 1851 coup by Louis-Napoléon Bonaparte that initiated the Second Empire.
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French Third Republic
The French Third Republic (La Troisième République, sometimes written as La IIIe République) was the system of government adopted in France from 1870 when the Second French Empire collapsed during the Franco-Prussian War until 1940 when France's defeat by Nazi Germany in World War II led to the formation of the Vichy government in France.
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Fyodor Dostoevsky
Fyodor Mikhailovich DostoevskyHis name has been variously transcribed into English, his first name sometimes being rendered as Theodore or Fedor.
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Gabriel Fauré
Gabriel Urbain Fauré (12 May 1845 – 4 November 1924) was a French composer, organist, pianist and teacher.
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Gaetano Donizetti
Domenico Gaetano Maria Donizetti (29 November 1797 – 8 April 1848) was an Italian composer.
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Georges Bizet
Georges Bizet (25 October 18383 June 1875), registered at birth as Alexandre César Léopold Bizet, was a French composer of the romantic era.
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Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina
Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina (1525 – 2 February 1594) was an Italian Renaissance composer of sacred music and the best-known 16th-century representative of the Roman School of musical composition.
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Gironde
Gironde (in Occitan Gironda) is a department in the Nouvelle-Aquitaine region of southwest France.
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Giuseppe Verdi
Giuseppe Fortunino Francesco Verdi (9 or 10 October 1813 – 27 January 1901) was an Italian opera composer.
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Goncourt brothers
The Goncourt brothers were Edmond de Goncourt (1822–96) and Jules de Goncourt (1830–70), both French naturalism writers who, as collaborative sibling authors, were inseparable in life.
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Graphomania
Graphomania (from Greek γραφειν — writing, and μανία — insanity), also known as scribomania, refers to an obsessive impulse to write.
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Griffin
The griffin, griffon, or gryphon (Greek: γρύφων, grýphōn, or γρύπων, grýpōn, early form γρύψ, grýps; gryphus) is a legendary creature with the body, tail, and back legs of a lion; the head and wings of an eagle; and an eagle's talons as its front feet.
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Guernsey
Guernsey is an island in the English Channel off the coast of Normandy.
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Guillaume Connesson
Guillaume Connesson is a French composer born in 1970 in Boulogne-Billancourt.
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Gustave Flaubert
Gustave Flaubert (12 December 1821 – 8 May 1880) was a French novelist.
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Hauteville House
Hauteville House is a house where Victor Hugo lived during his exile from France, located at 38 Rue Hauteville in St. Peter Port in Guernsey.
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Havana
Havana (Spanish: La Habana) is the capital city, largest city, province, major port, and leading commercial center of Cuba.
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Hector Berlioz
Louis-Hector Berlioz; 11 December 1803 – 8 March 1869) was a French Romantic composer, best known for his compositions Symphonie fantastique, Harold en Italie, Roméo et Juliette, Grande messe des morts (Requiem), L'Enfance du Christ, Benvenuto Cellini, La Damnation de Faust, and Les Troyens. Berlioz made significant contributions to the modern orchestra with his Treatise on Instrumentation. He specified huge orchestral forces for some of his works, and conducted several concerts with more than 1,000 musicians. He also composed around 50 compositions for voice, accompanied by piano or orchestra. His influence was critical for the further development of Romanticism, especially in composers like Richard Wagner, Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov, Franz Liszt, Richard Strauss, and Gustav Mahler.
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Henry Richard
Rev.
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Hernani (drama)
Hernani (Full title: Hernani, ou l'Honneur Castillan) is a drama by the French romantic author Victor Hugo.
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Hippolyte Taine
Hippolyte Adolphe Taine (21 April 1828 – 5 March 1893) was a French critic and historian.
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History of psychiatric institutions
The rise of the lunatic asylum and its gradual transformation into, and eventual replacement by, the modern psychiatric hospital, explains the rise of organised, institutional psychiatry.
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House of Bourbon
The House of Bourbon is a European royal house of French origin, a branch of the Capetian dynasty.
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Hugoton, Kansas
Hugoton is a city in and the county seat of Stevens County, Kansas, United States.
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Hurst and Blackett
Hurst and Blackett was a publisher founded in 1852 by Henry Blackett (May 26, 1825 - March 7, 1871), the grandson of a London shipbuilder, and Daniel William Stow Hurst (February 17, 1802 - July 6, 1870).
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Index Librorum Prohibitorum
The Index Librorum Prohibitorum (List of Prohibited Books) was a list of publications deemed heretical, or contrary to morality by the Sacred Congregation of the Index (a former Dicastery of the Roman Curia) and thus Catholics were forbidden to read them.
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International Peace Congress
International Peace Congress, or International Congress of the Friends of Peace, was the name of a series of international meetings of representatives from peace societies from throughout the world held in various places in Europe from 1843 to 1853.
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Jakin (magazine)
Jakin is a Basque cultural group, magazine, and publishing house.
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Jean Boucher (artist)
Jean Boucher (November 20, 1870, Cesson-Sévigné, Ille-et-Vilaine – June 17, 1939, Paris) was a French sculptor based in Brittany.
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Jersey
Jersey (Jèrriais: Jèrri), officially the Bailiwick of Jersey (Bailliage de Jersey; Jèrriais: Bailliage dé Jèrri), is a Crown dependency located near the coast of Normandy, France.
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John Brown (abolitionist)
John Brown (May 9, 1800 – December 2, 1859) was an American abolitionist who believed in and advocated armed insurrection as the only way to overthrow the institution of slavery in the United States.
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Joseph Léopold Sigisbert Hugo
Joseph Léopold Sigisbert Hugo, (15 November 1773 – 29 January 1828) was a French general in the Napoleonic wars.
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Journalist
A journalist is a person who collects, writes, or distributes news or other current information to the public.
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Joxe Azurmendi
Joxe Azurmendi Otaegi (born 19 March 1941) is a Basque writer, philosopher, essayist and poet.
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Jules Barbey d'Aurevilly
Jules-Amédée Barbey d'Aurevilly (2 November 1808 – 23 April 1889) was a French novelist and short story writer.
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Jules Grévy
François Paul Jules Grévy (15 August 1807 – 9 September 1891) was a President of the French Third Republic and one of the leaders of the Opportunist Republican faction.
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Jules Massenet
Jules Émile Frédéric Massenet (12 May 184213 August 1912) was a French composer of the Romantic era best known for his operas, of which he wrote more than thirty.
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Jules Michelet
Jules Michelet (21 August 1798 – 9 February 1874) was a French historian.
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Juliette Drouet
Juliette Drouet, born Julienne Josephine Gauvain (10 April 1806 – 11 May 1883), was a French actress.
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Kuusankoski
Kuusankoski is a neighborhood of city of Kouvola, former industrial town and municipality of Finland, located in the region of Kymenlaakso in the province of Southern Finland.
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L'Année terrible
L'Année terrible is a series of poems written by Victor Hugo and published in 1872.
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L'Art d'être grand-père
L'Art d'être grand-père ("The Art of Being a Grandfather") is a substantial book of poems by Victor Hugo, published in 1877.
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La Esmeralda (opera)
La Esmeralda is a grand opera in four acts composed by Louise Bertin.
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La Fin de Satan
La Fin de Satan ("The End of Satan", 1886) is a long religious epic by Victor Hugo, of which 5700 lines were written between 1854 and 1862, but left unfinished and published after his death.
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La Gioconda (opera)
La Gioconda is an opera in four acts by Amilcare Ponchielli set to an Italian libretto by Arrigo Boito (as Tobia Gorrio), based on Angelo, Tyrant of Padua, a play in prose by Victor Hugo, dating from 1835.
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La Légende des siècles
La Légende des siècles (The Legend of the Ages) is a collection of poems by Victor Hugo, conceived as an immense depiction of the history and evolution of humanity.
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La Pitié suprême
La Pitié suprême ("The Supreme Compassion") is a long poem in fifteen sections, by Victor Hugo, published in February 1879 but in fact written in 1857-8.
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Lapsed Catholic
A lapsed Catholic is a baptized Catholic who is non-practicing.
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Léonie d’Aunet
Léonie Thévenot d’Aunet (July 2, 1820 - March 3, 1879) was a French author, novelist, playwright and Arctic explorer.
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Léopoldine Hugo
Léopoldine Hugo (Léopoldine Cécile Marie-Pierre Catherine Hugo; 28 August 1824 – 4 September 1843) was the eldest daughter of novelist, poet, and dramatist Victor Hugo and his wife, Adèle Foucher.
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Le Matin (France)
Le Matin was a French daily newspaper first published in 1884 and discontinued in 1944.
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Le Pape
Le Pape ("The Pope") was a political tract in verse by Victor Hugo, supporting Christianity but attacking the rigid organization of the Catholic Church.
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Le Petit Journal (newspaper)
Le Petit Journal was a conservative daily Parisian newspaper founded by Moïse Polydore Millaud; published from 1863 to 1944.
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Le Rhin
Le Rhin (lit. The Rhine) is an 1842 travel guide written by Victor Hugo.
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Le roi s'amuse
Le roi s'amuse (literally, The King Amuses Himself or The King Has Fun) is a French play in five acts written by Victor Hugo.
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Leconte de Lisle
Charles Marie René Leconte de Lisle (22 October 1818 – 17 July 1894) was a French poet of the Parnassian movement.
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Les Burgraves
Les Burgraves is a historical play by Victor Hugo, first performed by the Comédie-Française on 7 March 1843.
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Les Châtiments
Les Châtiments ("Castigations") is a collection of poems by Victor Hugo that fiercely attack Napoléon III's Second Empire.
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Les Contemplations
Les Contemplations (The Contemplations) is a collection of poetry by Victor Hugo, published in 1856.
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Les Misérables
Les Misérables is a French historical novel by Victor Hugo, first published in 1862, that is considered one of the greatest novels of the 19th century.
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Les Misérables (musical)
Les Misérables, colloquially known in English-speaking countries as Les Mis or Les Miz, is a sung-through musical based on the novel Les Misérables by French poet and novelist Victor Hugo.
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Les Orientales
Les Orientales is a collection of poems by Victor Hugo, inspired by the Greek War of Independence.
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Les Rayons et les Ombres
Les Rayons et les Ombres ("Beams and shadows", 1840) is a collection of forty-four poems by Victor Hugo, the last collection to be published before his exile, and containing most of his poems from between 1837 and 1840.
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Les Voix intérieures
Les Voix intérieures is a collection of poems by Victor Hugo published in 1837.
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Liberalism and radicalism in France
Liberalism and radicalism in France refer to different movements and ideologies.
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Library of Congress
The Library of Congress (LOC) is the research library that officially serves the United States Congress and is the de facto national library of the United States.
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List of members of the Académie française
This is a list of members of the Académie française (French Academy) by seat number.
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Literary realism
Literary realism is part of the realist art movement beginning with mid nineteenth-century French literature (Stendhal), and Russian literature (Alexander Pushkin) and extending to the late nineteenth and early twentieth century.
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London and North Western Railway
The London and North Western Railway (LNWR, L&NWR) was a British railway company between 1846 and 1922.
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Louis Philippe I
Louis Philippe I (6 October 1773 – 26 August 1850) was King of the French from 1830 to 1848 as the leader of the Orléanist party.
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Louis XVIII of France
Louis XVIII (Louis Stanislas Xavier; 17 November 1755 – 16 September 1824), known as "the Desired" (le Désiré), was a monarch of the House of Bourbon who ruled as King of France from 1814 to 1824, except for a period in 1815 known as the Hundred Days.
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Louise Bertin
Louise-Angélique Bertin (Les Roches, Essonne, 15 January 1805Paris, 26 April 1877) was a French composer and poet.
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Louise Michel
Louise Michel (29 May 1830– 9 January 1905) was a teacher and important figure in the Paris Commune.
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Lucrezia Borgia (opera)
Lucrezia Borgia is a melodramatic opera in a prologue and two acts by Gaetano Donizetti.
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Lucrezia Borgia (play)
Lucrezia Borgia (Lucrèce Borgia) is an 1833 play by the French writer Victor Hugo.
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Ludwig van Beethoven
Ludwig van Beethoven (baptised 17 December 1770Beethoven was baptised on 17 December. His date of birth was often given as 16 December and his family and associates celebrated his birthday on that date, and most scholars accept that he was born on 16 December; however there is no documentary record of his birth.26 March 1827) was a German composer and pianist.
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Lycée Louis-le-Grand
The Lycée Louis-le-Grand is a prestigious secondary school located in Paris.
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Manufacture nationale de Sèvres
The manufacture nationale de Sèvres is one of the principal European porcelain manufactories.
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Marble
Marble is a metamorphic rock composed of recrystallized carbonate minerals, most commonly calcite or dolomite.
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Marie Tudor
Marie Tudor is an 1833 play by the French writer Victor Hugo.
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Marion de Lorme (Hugo)
Marion de Lorme is a play in five acts, written in 1828 by Victor Hugo.
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Matthias Kadar
Matthias Kadar (born 1977), composer, was born in Paris of Hungarian-German parents.
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Maximilian I of Mexico
Maximilian I (Ferdinand Maximilian Joseph; 6 July 1832 – 19 June 1867) was the only monarch of the Second Mexican Empire.
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Mediterranean Sea
The Mediterranean Sea is a sea connected to the Atlantic Ocean, surrounded by the Mediterranean Basin and almost completely enclosed by land: on the north by Southern Europe and Anatolia, on the south by North Africa and on the east by the Levant.
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Metropolitan Museum of Art
The Metropolitan Museum of Art of New York, colloquially "the Met", is the largest art museum in the United States.
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Monarchism
Monarchism is the advocacy of a monarch or monarchical rule.
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Mosaic
A mosaic is a piece of art or image made from the assemblage of small pieces of colored glass, stone, or other materials.
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Naples
Naples (Napoli, Napule or; Neapolis; lit) is the regional capital of Campania and the third-largest municipality in Italy after Rome and Milan.
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Napoléon le Petit
Napoléon le Petit (French; literally "Napoleon the Small") was an influential political pamphlet by Victor Hugo, published in 1852.
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Napoleon
Napoléon Bonaparte (15 August 1769 – 5 May 1821) was a French statesman and military leader who rose to prominence during the French Revolution and led several successful campaigns during the French Revolutionary Wars.
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Napoleon III
Louis-Napoléon Bonaparte (born Charles-Louis Napoléon Bonaparte; 20 April 1808 – 9 January 1873) was the President of France from 1848 to 1852 and as Napoleon III the Emperor of the French from 1852 to 1870.
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National Assembly (1871)
The National Assembly was a French legislative body elected on 8 February 1871 in the wake of the armistice signed on 26 January 1871 at the end of the Franco-Prussian War.
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National Assembly (France)
The National Assembly (Assemblée nationale) is the lower house of the bicameral Parliament of France under the Fifth Republic, the upper house being the Senate (Sénat).
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Naturalism (literature)
The term naturalism was coined by Émile Zola, who defines it as a literary movement which emphasizes observation and the scientific method in the fictional portrayal of reality.
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Népomucène Lemercier
Louis Jean Népomucène Lemercier (20 April 1771 – 7 June 1840) was a French poet and playwright.
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Nguyễn Bỉnh Khiêm
Nguyễn Bỉnh Khiêm (阮秉謙; 1491 – 1585) was a Vietnamese administrator, educator, poet, sage and later a saint of the Cao Dai religion.
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Ninety-Three
Ninety-Three (Quatrevingt-treize) is the last novel by the French writer Victor Hugo.
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Notre-Dame de Paris
Notre-Dame de Paris (meaning "Our Lady of Paris"), also known as Notre-Dame Cathedral or simply Notre-Dame, is a medieval Catholic cathedral on the Île de la Cité in the fourth arrondissement of Paris, France.
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Notre-Dame de Paris (musical)
Notre-Dame de Paris is a sung-through French and Québécois musical which debuted on 16 September 1998 in Paris.
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Novel
A novel is a relatively long work of narrative fiction, normally in prose, which is typically published as a book.
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Odes et Ballades
Odes et Ballades, published in 1828, is the most complete version of a collection of poems by Victor Hugo written and published between 1822 and 1828.
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Old Summer Palace
The Old Summer Palace, known in Chinese as Yuanming Yuan, and originally called the Imperial Gardens, was a complex of palaces and gardens in present-day Haidian District, Beijing, China. It is located northwest of the walls of the former Imperial City section of Beijing.
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Panthéon
The Panthéon (pantheon, from Greek πάνθειον (ἱερόν) '(temple) to all the gods') is a building in the Latin Quarter in Paris, France.
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Paris
Paris is the capital and most populous city of France, with an area of and a population of 2,206,488.
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Paris Commune
The Paris Commune (La Commune de Paris) was a radical socialist and revolutionary government that ruled Paris from 18 March to 28 May 1871.
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Paris Métro
The Paris Métro, short for Métropolitain (Métro de Paris), is a rapid transit system in the Paris metropolitan area.
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Party of Order
The Rue de Poitiers Committee, best known as Party of Order, was a political group, formed by monarchists and conservatives, in the French parliament during the French Second Republic.
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Peerage of France
The Peerage of France (Pairie de France) was a hereditary distinction within the French nobility which appeared in 1180 in the Middle Ages, and only a small number of noble individuals were peers.
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Pen
A pen is a common writing instrument used to apply ink to a surface, usually paper, for writing or drawing.
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Place Charles de Gaulle
The Place Charles de Gaulle, historically known as the Place de l'Étoile, is a large road junction in Paris, France, the meeting point of twelve straight avenues (hence its historic name, which translates as "Square of the Star") including the Champs-Élysées.
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Pneumonia
Pneumonia is an inflammatory condition of the lung affecting primarily the small air sacs known as alveoli.
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Poems of Victor Hugo
The poems of Victor Hugo captured the spirit of the Romantic era.
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Poetry
Poetry (the term derives from a variant of the Greek term, poiesis, "making") is a form of literature that uses aesthetic and rhythmic qualities of language—such as phonaesthetics, sound symbolism, and metre—to evoke meanings in addition to, or in place of, the prosaic ostensible meaning.
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Rationalism
In philosophy, rationalism is the epistemological view that "regards reason as the chief source and test of knowledge" or "any view appealing to reason as a source of knowledge or justification".
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Reign of Terror
The Reign of Terror, or The Terror (la Terreur), is the label given by some historians to a period during the French Revolution after the First French Republic was established.
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Religions et religion
Religions et religion was an 1880 political tract by Victor Hugo supporting belief in God but attacking organized religion.
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Religious fanaticism
Religious fanaticism is uncritical zeal or with an obsessive enthusiasm related to one's own, or one's group's, devotion to a religion – a form of human fanaticism which could otherwise be expressed in one's other involvements and participation, including employment, role, and partisan affinities.
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Republican Union (France)
The Republican Union (Union républicaine, UR) was a French parliamentary group, founded in 1871 as a heterogeneus alliance of moderate radicals, former Communards and opponents to the French-Prussian Treaty.
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Republicanism
Republicanism is an ideology centered on citizenship in a state organized as a republic under which the people hold popular sovereignty.
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Richard Cobden
Richard Cobden (3 June 1804 – 2 April 1865) was an English manufacturer and Radical and Liberal statesman, associated with two major free trade campaigns, the Anti-Corn Law League and the Cobden–Chevalier Treaty.
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Richard Wagner
Wilhelm Richard Wagner (22 May 181313 February 1883) was a German composer, theatre director, polemicist, and conductor who is chiefly known for his operas (or, as some of his later works were later known, "music dramas").
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Rigoletto
Rigoletto is an opera in three acts by Giuseppe Verdi.
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Roberto Alagna
Roberto Alagna (born 7 June 1963) is a French tenor.
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Romanticism
Romanticism (also known as the Romantic era) was an artistic, literary, musical and intellectual movement that originated in Europe toward the end of the 18th century, and in most areas was at its peak in the approximate period from 1800 to 1850.
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Rome
Rome (Roma; Roma) is the capital city of Italy and a special comune (named Comune di Roma Capitale).
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Royalist
A royalist supports a particular monarch as head of state for a particular kingdom, or of a particular dynastic claim.
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Ruy Blas
Ruy Blas is a tragic drama by Victor Hugo.
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Saint
A saint (also historically known as a hallow) is a person who is recognized as having an exceptional degree of holiness or likeness or closeness to God.
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Saint Peter Port
Saint Peter Port is the capital of Guernsey as well as the main port.
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Samuel Pepys
Samuel Pepys (23 February 1633 – 26 May 1703) was an administrator of the navy of England and Member of Parliament who is most famous for the diary he kept for a decade while still a relatively young man.
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Sarah Bernhardt
Sarah Bernhardt (22 or 23 October 1844 – 26 March 1923) was a French stage actress who starred in some of the most popular French plays of the late 19th and early 20th centuries, including La Dame Aux Camelias by Alexandre Dumas, ''fils'', Ruy Blas by Victor Hugo, Fédora and La Tosca by Victorien Sardou, and L'Aiglon by Edmond Rostand.
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Séance
A séance or seance is an attempt to communicate with spirits.
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Seine
The Seine (La Seine) is a river and an important commercial waterway within the Paris Basin in the north of France.
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Seine (department)
Seine was a department of France encompassing Paris and its immediate suburbs.
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Self-governance
Self-governance, self-government, or autonomy, is an abstract concept that applies to several scales of organization.
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Senate (France)
The Senate (Sénat; pronunciation) is the upper house of the French Parliament, presided over by a president.
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Sergei Rachmaninoff
Sergei Vasilyevich Rachmaninoff (28 March 1943) was a Russian pianist, composer, and conductor of the late Romantic period, some of whose works are among the most popular in the Romantic repertoire.
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Shawinigan
Shawinigan is a city located on the Saint-Maurice River in the Mauricie area in Quebec, Canada.
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Siege of Paris (1870–71)
The Siege of Paris, lasting from 19 September 1870 to 28 January 1871, and the consequent capture of the city by Prussian forces, led to French defeat in the Franco-Prussian War and the establishment of the German Empire as well as the Paris Commune.
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Sigmund Freud
Sigmund Freud (born Sigismund Schlomo Freud; 6 May 1856 – 23 September 1939) was an Austrian neurologist and the founder of psychoanalysis, a clinical method for treating psychopathology through dialogue between a patient and a psychoanalyst.
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Social justice
Social justice is a concept of fair and just relations between the individual and society.
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Spiritism
Spiritism is a spiritualistic religion codified in the 19th century by the French educator Hippolyte Léon Denizard Rivail, under the codename Allan Kardec; it proposed the study of "the nature, origin, and destiny of spirits, and their relation with the corporeal world".
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Spokane, Washington
Spokane is a city in the state of Washington in the northwestern United States.
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State Library of Victoria
State Library Victoria is the central library of the state of Victoria, Australia, located in Melbourne.
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Stroke
A stroke is a medical condition in which poor blood flow to the brain results in cell death.
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Sun Yat-sen
Sun Yat-sen (12 November 1866 – 12 March 1925)Singtao daily.
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Surrealism
Surrealism is a cultural movement that began in the early 1920s, and is best known for its visual artworks and writings.
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Tây Ninh
Tây Ninh, Vietnam is a provincial city in south-western Vietnam.
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Telegraphy
Telegraphy (from Greek: τῆλε têle, "at a distance" and γράφειν gráphein, "to write") is the long-distance transmission of textual or symbolic (as opposed to verbal or audio) messages without the physical exchange of an object bearing the message.
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The History of a Crime
The History of a Crime (Histoire d'un crime, 1877) is an essay by Victor Hugo about Napoleon III's takeover of France.
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The Hunchback of Notre-Dame
The Hunchback of Notre-Dame (Notre-Dame de Paris, "Our Lady of Paris") is a French Romantic/Gothic novel by Victor Hugo, published in 1831.
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The Last Day of a Condemned Man
The Last Day of a Condemned Man (Le Dernier Jour d'un Condamné) is a short novel by Victor Hugo first published in 1829.
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The Man Who Laughs
The Man Who Laughs (also published under the title By Order of the King) is a novel by Victor Hugo, originally published in April 1869 under the French title L'Homme qui rit.
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The Spokesman-Review
The Spokesman-Review is a daily broadsheet newspaper in the northwest United States, based in Spokane, Washington, that city's only daily publication.
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The Story of Adele H.
The Story of Adèle H. (L'Histoire d'Adèle H.) is a 1975 French historical drama film directed by François Truffaut, and starring Isabelle Adjani, Bruce Robinson, and Sylvia Marriott.
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Theatre
Theatre or theater is a collaborative form of fine art that uses live performers, typically actors or actresses, to present the experience of a real or imagined event before a live audience in a specific place, often a stage.
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Thierry Escaich
Thierry Escaich (born 8 May 1965 in Nogent-sur-Marne), is a French organist and composer.
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Thomas Jefferson Building
The oldest of the three United States Library of Congress buildings, the Thomas Jefferson Building was built between 1890 and 1897.
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Toilers of the Sea
Toilers of the Sea (Les Travailleurs de la mer) is a novel by Victor Hugo published in 1866.
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Torquemada (play)
Torquemada is an 1869 play by Victor Hugo about Tomás de Torquemada and the Inquisition in Spain.
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Unconscious mind
The unconscious mind (or the unconscious) consists of the processes in the mind which occur automatically and are not available to introspection, and include thought processes, memories, interests, and motivations.
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United States of Europe
The United States of Europe, the European state, the European superstate, the European federation and Federal Europe are names used to refer to several similar hypothetical scenarios of the unification of Europe as a single sovereign federation of states (hence superstate), similar to the United States of America, both as projected by writers of speculative fiction and science fiction and by political scientists, politicians, geographers, historians and futurologists.
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Van Gogh Museum
The Van Gogh Museum is an art museum dedicated to the works of Vincent van Gogh and his contemporaries in Amsterdam in the Netherlands.
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Vianden
Vianden (Veianen) is a commune with town status in the Oesling, north-eastern Luxembourg, with over 1,800 inhabitants.
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Victor Hugo (Paris Métro)
Victor Hugo is a station on Paris Métro Line 2.
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Victor Lahorie
Victor Claude Alexandre Fanneau de Lahorie (Javron-les-Chapelles; 5 January 1766 - Paris; 29 October 1812) was a French general, conspirator against Napoleon, and godfather of Victor Hugo.
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Victor-Joseph Étienne de Jouy
Victor-Joseph Étienne, called de Jouy (19 October 1764 – 4 September 1846), French dramatist, who abandoned an early military career for a successful literary one.
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Villequier
Villequier is a former commune in the Seine-Maritime department in the Normandy region in northern France.
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Vincent van Gogh
Vincent Willem van Gogh (30 March 185329 July 1890) was a Dutch Post-Impressionist painter who is among the most famous and influential figures in the history of Western art.
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Voltaire
François-Marie Arouet (21 November 1694 – 30 May 1778), known by his nom de plume Voltaire, was a French Enlightenment writer, historian and philosopher famous for his wit, his attacks on Christianity as a whole, especially the established Catholic Church, and his advocacy of freedom of religion, freedom of speech and separation of church and state.
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Vosges
The Vosges (or; Vogesen), also called the Vosges Mountains, are a range of low mountains in eastern France, near its border with Germany.
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West End of London
The West End of London (commonly referred to as the West End) is an area of Central and West London in which many of the city's major tourist attractions, shops, businesses, government buildings and entertainment venues, including West End theatres, are concentrated.
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William Shakespeare (essay)
William Shakespeare is an 1864 work by Victor Hugo, written in his 13th year of exile.
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Woodburytype
A Woodburytype is both a printing process and the print that it produces.
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16th arrondissement of Paris
The 16th arrondissement of Paris (XVIe arrondissement) is one of the 20 arrondissements of the capital city of France.
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Redirects here:
Hugo, V., Hugo, Victor, Hugo, Victor Marie, V Hugo, V. Hugo, V., Hugo, Victor Marie Hugo, Victor hugo, Victor ugo, Victor-Marie Hugo, Viktɔʁ maʁi yˈɡo.
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victor_Hugo
