Communication

548 relations: A v Secretary of State for the Home Department, A-G v Observer Ltd, A. V. Dicey, Ableism, Abortion Act 1967, Absolute privilege in English law, Abuse of process, Access to Justice Act 1999, Act of Parliament, Act of Settlement 1701, Acts of Parliament in the United Kingdom, Adoption and Children Act 2002, Affray, Afghanistan, Age of Enlightenment, Ageism, Alan Beith, Albania, Alien (law), Amnesty International, Anthony Lester, Baron Lester of Herne Hill, Anti-terrorism, Crime and Security Act 2001, Anton Piller order, Appeal, Arnold McNair, 1st Baron McNair, Arrest warrant, Arrest without warrant, Arthur Lehman Goodhart, Article 19, Attlee ministry, Audi alteram partem, Backbencher, Bankruptcy in the United Kingdom, Battery (tort), BBC News Online, BDSM, Bias, Bill (law), Bill of Rights 1689, Blasphemous libel, Blasphemy law in the United Kingdom, Bob Maclennan, Baron Maclennan of Rogart, Bolam v Friern Hospital Management Committee, Boundary commissions (United Kingdom), Breach of confidence in English law, Breach of the peace, British Armed Forces, British Empire, British subject, Burden of proof (law), ..., Burmah Oil, Burmah Oil Co Ltd v Lord Advocate, Campbell v MGN Ltd, Capital punishment in the United Kingdom, Castle doctrine, Catholic Church, Censorship in the United Kingdom, Chancellor of the Exchequer, Charles Flanagan, Charles Pratt, 1st Earl Camden, Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union, Charter88, Children Act 1989, Children Act 2004, Children's rights, Chris Grayling, Christopher Prout, Baron Kingsland, Church in Wales, Church of England, Church of Scotland, Citizenship of the European Union, Civil Contingencies Act 2004, Civil liberties, Civil Partnership Act 2004, Civil partnership in the United Kingdom, Civil service, Claim of Right Act 1689, Clement Attlee, Clergy, Collective bargaining, Commissioner of Police of the Metropolis, Committee on the Administration of Justice, Common assault, Common law, Commonwealth of Nations, Communist Party of Great Britain, Compulsory purchase in England and Wales, Confession (law), Conflict Archive on the Internet, Conscientious objector, Consent (criminal law), Conservative–Liberal Democrat coalition agreement, Constitutional convention (political meeting), Contempt of court, Control order, Controlled Drug in the United Kingdom, Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women, Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, Convention on the Rights of the Child, Coroner, Corporal punishment, Corporation Act 1661, Council of Europe, Council of Europe Convention on Action against Trafficking in Human Beings, Counter-terrorism, Court of Appeal (England and Wales), Courts of the United Kingdom, Crime, Criminal Justice Act 1988, Criminal Justice Act 2003, Criminal Justice and Immigration Act 2008, Criminal Justice and Public Order Act 1994, Criminal law, Criminal Law Act 1977, Crossbencher, Crown colony, Cruel and unusual punishment, Daily Mail, Daniel McCann, Data Protection Act 1998, David Calcutt, David Cameron, David Hennessy, 3rd Baron Windlesham, David Maxwell Fyfe, 1st Earl of Kilmuir, David Renton, De facto, De jure, Declaration of incompatibility, Democratization, Department for Work and Pensions, Deportation, Derek Walker-Smith, Baron Broxbourne, Derry Irvine, Baron Irvine of Lairg, Desmond Ackner, Baron Ackner, Dictatorship, Disability Discrimination Act 1995, Discrimination, Divorce in England and Wales, DNA, Doctrine, Donald Wade, Baron Wade, Double jeopardy, Douglas v Hello! Ltd, Dudgeon v United Kingdom, Economic, social and cultural rights, Education Act 1944, Education Act 1996, Edward Faulks, Baron Faulks, Edward Gardner (British politician), Elections to the European Parliament, Employment contract, Employment Equality (Age) Regulations 2006, Employment Equality (Religion or Belief) Regulations 2003, Employment Equality (Sexual Orientation) Regulations 2003, Employment Rights Act 1996, Employment tribunal, England, England and Wales, English defamation law, English law, English trust law, Entick v Carrington, Entrenched clause, Equal Pay Act 1970, Equal pay for equal work, Equality Act 2010, Equality and Human Rights Commission, Eur-Lex, European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages, European Commission of Human Rights, European Convention for the Prevention of Torture and Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment, European Convention on Human Rights, European Court of Human Rights, European Court of Justice, European Economic Community, European Group of National Human Rights Institutions, European Movement International, European Ombudsman, European Parliament, European Single Market, European Social Charter, European Union, European Union law, Euthanasia, Ex post facto law, Extreme poverty, False imprisonment, Fatal Accidents Act 1976, First Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, Five techniques, Florence Nagle, Forced prostitution, Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities, France, Frank Soskice, Baron Stow Hill, Freedom of contract, French Resistance, Fundamental rights, Gender, Gender Recognition Act 2004, General Council of the Bar, Geoffrey Howe, Gerald Gardiner, Baron Gardiner, Gibraltar, Gillick competence, Global Alliance of National Human Rights Institutions, Good Friday Agreement, Gordon Brown, Government of Ireland, Government of the United Kingdom, Great Britain, Green paper, Habeas corpus, Habeas Corpus Act 1679, Hansard, Harold Macmillan, Hate speech, Head teacher, Hearing (law), Helena Kennedy, Baroness Kennedy of The Shaws, Her Majesty's Naval Service, Her Majesty's Prison Service, Hersch Lauterpacht, Heterosexuality, Highways in England and Wales, HM Prison Belmarsh, Home Office, Home Secretary, Homosexuality, Hooding, House arrest, House of Commons (Removal of Clergy Disqualification) Act 2001, House of Commons of the United Kingdom, House of Lords, Housing Act 1985, Human Fertilisation and Embryology Act 1990, Human Rights Act 1998, Ian Fraser, Baron Fraser of Tullybelton, Identity Cards Act 2006, IFEX (organization), Immigration, Immigration Act 1971, Incorporation of international law, Indefinite detention without trial, Indictable offence, Industrial Relations Act 1971, Injunctions in English law, Institute for Public Policy Research, Intellectual property, Intellectual property infringement, Intelligence Services Act 1994, International and Comparative Law Quarterly, International Commission of Jurists, International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination, International Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families, International court, International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, Internment, Interrogation, Irish nationalism, Islamic Human Rights Commission, Italy, Jack Simon, Baron Simon of Glaisdale, Jack Straw, Jews, Jews Relief Act 1858, Jim Griffiths, Jobseekers (Back to Work Schemes) Act 2013, Jockey Club, John Donaldson, Baron Donaldson of Lymington, John Foster (British politician), John Locke, John Smith (Labour Party leader), Johnston v Chief Constable of the Royal Ulster Constabulary, Joint Committee on Human Rights, Jonathan Fisher (barrister), Judicial functions of the House of Lords, Judiciary, Juries in England and Wales, JUSTICE, Justiciability, Kaye v Robertson, Kevin McNamara (politician), Kidnapping, Kingdom of England, Kingdom of Scotland, Labour Party (UK) Conference, Labour Party (UK) leadership election, 1992, Law Society of England and Wales, Legal professional privilege in England and Wales, Leon Brittan, Leslie Scarman, Baron Scarman, Liberal Democrats (UK), Liberty (advocacy group), List of Acts of Parliament in the United Kingdom, List of English monarchs, List of political parties in the United Kingdom, List of terrorist incidents in Great Britain, Lithuania, Local election, Local government in England, Lord Chancellor, Magistrates' court (England and Wales), Magna Carta, Manslaughter in English law, Margin of appreciation, Marriage (Same Sex Couples) Act 2013, Marriage Act 1949, Matrimonial Causes Act 1973, Media of the United Kingdom, Member of parliament, Member state of the European Union, Mental Health Act 1983, MI5, Military Service Act 1916, Minimum wage, Ministry of Defence (United Kingdom), Ministry of Justice (United Kingdom), Miscarriage of justice, Misuse of private information, Modern immigration to the United Kingdom, Modernization theory, Monism and dualism in international law, Morocco, Murder in English law, Murder of Philip Lawrence, National Assistance Act 1948, National Executive Committee, National human rights institution, National Minimum Wage Act 1998, National security, National Service (Armed Forces) Act 1939, Natural justice, Neglect, Nemo iudex in causa sua, New Zealand Bill of Rights Act 1990, Northern Ireland, Northern Ireland Act 1998, Northern Ireland Human Rights Commission, Northern Ireland law, Offensive weapon, Operation Demetrius, Opt-outs in the European Union, Optional Protocol on the Involvement of Children in Armed Conflict, Optional Protocol on the Sale of Children, Child Prostitution and Child Pornography, Optional Protocol to the Convention against Torture, Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women, Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, Organization, Osman v United Kingdom, Parental responsibility (access and custody), Parliament of England, Parliament of the United Kingdom, Parliament Square, Parliamentary Archives, Parliamentary Constituencies Act 1986, Parliamentary privilege in the United Kingdom, Parliamentary sovereignty, Parliamentary sovereignty in the United Kingdom, Pat Finucane, Pat Finucane Centre, Patrick Magee (Irish republican), Paul Boateng, Peace (law), Peerage, Pepper (Inspector of Taxes) v Hart, Persecution of Christians, Personally identifiable information, Peter Smithers, Peter Taylor, Baron Taylor of Gosforth, Petition of Right, Philippe Sands, Pierre-Henri Teitgen, Police and Criminal Evidence Act 1984, Political Parties, Elections and Referendums Act 2000, Political uniform, Popular sovereignty, Powers of the police in England and Wales, Precedent, Presumption of innocence, Prevention of Terrorism Act 2005, Primacy of European Union law, Prime minister, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, Prisoner, Proposed British Bill of Rights, Protection from Eviction Act 1977, Protocol 12 to the European Convention on Human Rights, Provisional Irish Republican Army, Public interest, Public Law (journal), Public Order Act 1936, Public Order Act 1986, Putney Debates, Qualified privilege, Quintin Hogg, Baron Hailsham of St Marylebone, R (Factortame Ltd) v Secretary of State for Transport, R (Reilly) v Secretary of State for Work and Pensions, R v Brown, R v Wang, Race Relations Act 1965, Race Relations Act 1968, Race Relations Act 1976, Racial and Religious Hatred Act 2006, Racial discrimination, Raidió Teilifís Éireann, Reading (legislature), Regulation of Investigatory Powers Act 2000, Representation of the People Act 1983, Representation of the People Act 2000, Republic of Ireland, Richard Wilberforce, Baron Wilberforce, Right to privacy, Right to silence in England and Wales, Riot, Robert Boothby, Baron Boothby, Robin Cook, Robin Cooke, Baron Cooke of Thorndon, Roman Catholic Relief Act 1829, Roy Jenkins, Royal assent, Royal Ulster Constabulary, Rule of law, S and Marper v United Kingdom, Same-sex marriage in the United Kingdom, Saunders v United Kingdom, School corporal punishment, Scotland, Scotland Act 1998, Scots law, Scottish Human Rights Commission, Scottish independence referendum, 2014, Scottish Parliament, Search warrant, Second Cameron ministry, Second Major ministry, Second Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, Secret ballot, Secretary General of the Council of Europe, Secretary of State (United Kingdom), Secretary of State for the Colonies, Section 3 of the Human Rights Act 1998, Section 33 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms, Section 5 Public Order Act 1986, Sections 4 and 10 of the Human Rights Act 1998, Secure units for children, Security Service Act 1989, Select committee (United Kingdom), Self-incrimination, Sentencing in England and Wales, September 11 attacks, Serious Organised Crime and Police Act 2005, Sex Discrimination Act 1975, Simon de Montfort's Parliament, Slavery Abolition Act 1833, Sleep deprivation, Social security, Social Security Contributions and Benefits Act 1992, Social work, Soering v United Kingdom, Solicitor, Soviet Union, Special Immigration Appeals Commission, Spycatcher, Stafford Cripps, Starvation, State religion, Statute of limitations, Statutory authority, Statutory law, Stevens Inquiries, Strike action, Succession to the British throne, Succession to the Crown Act 2013, Suffrage, Suicide, Suicide Act 1961, Super-injunctions in English law, Supreme Court of the United Kingdom, Surveillance, Sutherland v United Kingdom, Tax, Telephone tapping, Terence Higgins, Baron Higgins, Terrorism, Terrorism Act 2000, Test Act, Testimony, Thalidomide, The Convention on Modern Liberty, The Crown, The Daily Telegraph, The Guardian, The Independent, The Lawyer, The Stationery Office, The Sunday Times, Theresa May, Third Churchill ministry, Tom Bingham, Baron Bingham of Cornhill, Tom Denning, Baron Denning, Tony Blair, Torture, Trade union, Trade Union and Labour Relations (Consolidation) Act 1992, Transsexual, Transubstantiation, Treaty of Lisbon, Trespass, Trespass in English law, Trial, Ulster loyalism, Ulster Volunteer Force, Under-occupancy penalty, Unemployment, Unemployment benefits, Unfair dismissal in the United Kingdom, Unfree labour, United Kingdom, United Kingdom company law, United Kingdom constituencies, United Kingdom general election, 1951, United Kingdom general election, 1964, United Kingdom general election, 1992, United Kingdom general election, 1997, United Kingdom general election, 2010, United Kingdom general election, 2015, United Kingdom labour law, United Nations, United Nations Convention against Torture, United Nations Human Rights Council, Universal Declaration of Human Rights, Verrall v Great Yarmouth BC, Vertical effect, Violent disorder, Wainwright v Home Office, War Damage Act 1965, War on Terror, Westphalian sovereignty, White noise, White paper, William Jowitt, 1st Earl Jowitt, Winston Churchill, Woolmington v DPP, Workfare in the United Kingdom, World War II, 2006 Afghan hijackers case. Expand index (498 more) » « Shrink index

A v Secretary of State for the Home Department

A and others v Secretary of State for the Home Department UKHL 56 (also known as the Belmarsh 9 case) is a UK human rights case heard before the House of Lords.

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A-G v Observer Ltd

Attorney General v Observer Ltd is an important English tort law case on breach of confidentiality.

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A. V. Dicey

Albert Venn Dicey, KC, FBA (4 February 1835 – 7 April 1922), usually cited as A. V. Dicey, was a British jurist and constitutional theorist.

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Ableism

Ableism /ˈeɪblɪzəm/ (also known as ablism, disablism (Brit. English), anapirophobia, anapirism, and disability discrimination) is discrimination and social prejudice against people with disabilities.

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Abortion Act 1967

The Abortion Act 1967 is an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom legalising abortions by registered practitioners, and regulating the tax-paid provision of such medical practices through the National Health Service (NHS).

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Absolute privilege in English law

Absolute privilege is a complete defence to an action for defamation in English law.

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Abuse of process

Abuse of process is a cause of action in tort arising from one party making misusing or perversion of regularly issued court process (civil or criminal) not justified by the underlying legal action.

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Access to Justice Act 1999

Access to Justice Act 1999 is an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom.

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Act of Parliament

Acts of Parliament, also called primary legislation, are statutes passed by a parliament (legislature).

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Act of Settlement 1701

The Act of Settlement is an Act of the Parliament of England that was passed in 1701 to settle the succession to the English and Irish crowns on Protestants only.

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Acts of Parliament in the United Kingdom

In the United Kingdom, Acts of Parliament are primary legislation passed by the Parliament of the United Kingdom.

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Adoption and Children Act 2002

The Adoption and Children Act 2002 is a law in the United Kingdom allowing unmarried people, and same-sex couples, in England and Wales to adopt children.

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Affray

In many legal jurisdictions related to English common law, affray is a public order offence consisting of the fighting of one or more persons in a public place to the terror (in à l'effroi) of ordinary people.

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Afghanistan

Afghanistan (Pashto/Dari:, Pashto: Afġānistān, Dari: Afġānestān), officially the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan, is a landlocked country located within South Asia and Central Asia.

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Age of Enlightenment

The Enlightenment (also known as the Age of Enlightenment or the Age of Reason; in lit in Aufklärung, "Enlightenment", in L’Illuminismo, “Enlightenment” and in Spanish: La Ilustración, "Enlightenment") was an intellectual and philosophical movement that dominated the world of ideas in Europe during the 18th century, "The Century of Philosophy".

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Ageism

Ageism (also spelled "agism") is stereotyping of and discrimination against individuals or groups on the basis of their age.

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Alan Beith

Alan James Beith, Baron Beith, (born 20 April 1943) is a British politician who represented Berwick-upon-Tweed as its Member of Parliament (MP) from 1973 to 2015.

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Albania

Albania (Shqipëri/Shqipëria; Shqipni/Shqipnia or Shqypni/Shqypnia), officially the Republic of Albania (Republika e Shqipërisë), is a country in Southeastern Europe.

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Alien (law)

In law, an alien is a person who is not a national of a given country, though definitions and terminology differ to some degree.

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Amnesty International

Amnesty International (commonly known as Amnesty or AI) is a London-based non-governmental organization focused on human rights.

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Anthony Lester, Baron Lester of Herne Hill

Anthony Paul Lester, Baron Lester of Herne Hill, QC (born 3 July 1936) is a British barrister and politician, sitting in the House of Lords as a Liberal Democrat.

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Anti-terrorism, Crime and Security Act 2001

The Anti-terrorism, Crime and Security Act 2001 is an Act of Parliament of the United Kingdom, formally introduced into Parliament on 19 November 2001, two months after the terrorist attacks in the United States on 11 September.

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Anton Piller order

In English and English-derived legal systems, an Anton Piller order (frequently misspelled Anton Pillar order) is a court order that provides the right to search premises and seize evidence without prior warning.

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Appeal

In law, an appeal is the process in which cases are reviewed, where parties request a formal change to an official decision.

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Arnold McNair, 1st Baron McNair

Arnold Duncan McNair, 1st Baron McNair (4 March 1885 – 22 May 1975), was a British legal scholar, university teacher, judge of the International Court of Justice and later the first president of the European Court of Human Rights.

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Arrest warrant

An arrest warrant is a warrant issued by a judge or magistrate on behalf of the state, which authorizes the arrest and detention of an individual, or the search and seizure of an individual's property.

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Arrest without warrant

An arrest without warrant or a warrantless arrest is an arrest of an individual without the use of an arrest warrant.

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Arthur Lehman Goodhart

Arthur Lehman Goodhart (1 March 1891 in New York City – 10 November 1978 in Oxford) was an American-born academic jurist and lawyer; he was Professor of Jurisprudence at the University of Oxford, 1931–51, when he was also a Fellow of University College, Oxford.

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Article 19

Article 19 (stylized ARTICLE 19) is a British human rights organization with a specific mandate and focus on the defense and promotion of freedom of expression and freedom of information worldwide founded in 1987.

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Attlee ministry

Clement Attlee was invited by King George VI to form the Attlee ministry in the United Kingdom in July 1945, succeeding Winston Churchill as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom.

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Audi alteram partem

Audi alteram partem (or audiatur et altera pars) is a Latin phrase meaning "listen to the other side", or "let the other side be heard as well".

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Backbencher

In Westminster parliamentary systems, a backbencher is a Member of Parliament (MP) or a legislator who holds no governmental office and is not a frontbench spokesperson in the Opposition, being instead simply a member of the "rank and file".

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Bankruptcy in the United Kingdom

Bankruptcy in the United Kingdom is divided into separate local regimes for England and Wales, for Northern Ireland, and for Scotland.

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Battery (tort)

At common law, battery is the tort of intentionally (or, in Australia, negligently) and voluntarily bringing about an unconsented harmful or offensive contact with a person or to something closely associated with them (e.g. a hat, a purse).

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BBC News Online

BBC News Online is the website of BBC News, the division of the BBC responsible for newsgathering and production.

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BDSM

BDSM is a variety of often erotic practices or roleplaying involving bondage, discipline, dominance and submission, sadomasochism, and other related interpersonal dynamics.

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Bias

Bias is disproportionate weight in favour of or against one thing, person, or group compared with another, usually in a way considered to be unfair.

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Bill (law)

A bill is proposed legislation under consideration by a legislature.

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Bill of Rights 1689

The Bill of Rights, also known as the English Bill of Rights, is an Act of the Parliament of England that deals with constitutional matters and sets out certain basic civil rights.

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Blasphemous libel

Blasphemous libel was originally an offence under the common law of England.

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Blasphemy law in the United Kingdom

This article describes the blasphemy law in the United Kingdom.

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Bob Maclennan, Baron Maclennan of Rogart

Robert Adam Ross Maclennan, Baron Maclennan of Rogart, (born 26 June 1936, Glasgow), known popularly as Bob Maclennan, is a British Liberal Democrat life peer.

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Bolam v Friern Hospital Management Committee

Bolam v Friern Hospital Management Committee 1 WLR 582 is an English tort law case that lays down the typical rule for assessing the appropriate standard of reasonable care in negligence cases involving skilled professionals (e.g. doctors): the Bolam test.

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Boundary commissions (United Kingdom)

The boundary commissions in the United Kingdom are non-departmental public bodies responsible for determining the boundaries of constituencies for elections to the House of Commons, the Scottish Parliament and the National Assembly for Wales.

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Breach of confidence in English law

Breach of confidence in English law is an equitable doctrine which allows a person to claim a remedy when their confidence has been breached.

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Breach of the peace

Breach of the peace, or disturbing the peace, is a legal term used in constitutional law in English-speaking countries, and in a wider public order sense in the several jurisdictions of the United Kingdom.

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British Armed Forces

The British Armed Forces, also known as Her/His Majesty's Armed Forces, are the military services responsible for the defence of the United Kingdom, its overseas territories and the Crown dependencies.

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British Empire

The British Empire comprised the dominions, colonies, protectorates, mandates and other territories ruled or administered by the United Kingdom and its predecessor states.

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British subject

The term British subject has had a number of different legal meanings over time.

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Burden of proof (law)

The burden of proof (onus probandi) is the obligation of a party in a trial to produce the evidence that will prove the claims they have made against the other party.

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Burmah Oil

The Burmah Oil Company was a leading British oil business which was once a constituent of the FTSE 100 Index.

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Burmah Oil Co Ltd v Lord Advocate

Burmah Oil Company Ltd v Lord Advocate 1965 AC 75, was a court case, raised in Scotland, and decided ultimately in the House of Lords.

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Campbell v MGN Ltd

was a House of Lords decision regarding human rights and privacy in English law.

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Capital punishment in the United Kingdom

Capital punishment in the United Kingdom was used from ancient times until the second half of the 20th century.

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Castle doctrine

A castle doctrine, also known as a castle law or a defense of habitation law, is a legal doctrine that designates a person's abode or any legally occupied place (for example, a vehicle or home) as a place in which that person has protections and immunities permitting one, in certain circumstances, to use force (up to and including deadly force) to defend oneself against an intruder, free from legal prosecution for the consequences of the force used.

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Catholic Church

The Catholic Church, also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the largest Christian church, with more than 1.299 billion members worldwide.

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Censorship in the United Kingdom

Censorship in the United Kingdom has a long history with variously stringent and lax laws in place at different times.

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Chancellor of the Exchequer

The Chancellor and Under-Treasurer of Her Majesty's Exchequer, commonly known as the Chancellor of the Exchequer, or simply the Chancellor, is a senior official within the Government of the United Kingdom and head of Her Majesty's Treasury.

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Charles Flanagan

Charles Matthew Flanagan (born 1 November 1956) is an Irish Fine Gael politician who has served as Minister for Justice and Equality since June 2017.

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Charles Pratt, 1st Earl Camden

Charles Pratt, 1st Earl Camden, PC (baptised 21 March 1714 – 18 April 1794) was an English lawyer, judge and Whig politician who was first to hold the title of Earl Camden.

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Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union

The Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union enshrines certain political, social, and economic rights for European Union (EU) citizens and residents into EU law.

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Charter88

Charter88 was a British pressure group that advocated constitutional and electoral reform and owes its origins to the lack of a written constitution.

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Children Act 1989

The Children Act 1989 allocates duties to local authorities, courts, parents, and other agencies in the United Kingdom, to ensure children are safeguarded and their welfare is promoted.

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Children Act 2004

The Children Act 2004 (c 31) is an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom.

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Children's rights

Children's rights are the human rights of children with particular attention to the rights of special protection and care afforded to minors.

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Chris Grayling

Christopher Stephen Grayling (born 1 April 1962) is a British politician and author serving as the Secretary of State for Transport since July 2016, and as a member of the House of Commons since 2001.

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Christopher Prout, Baron Kingsland

Christopher James Prout, Baron Kingsland (1 January 1942 – 12 July 2009) was a British barrister and politician in the Conservative Party.

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Church in Wales

The Church in Wales (Yr Eglwys yng Nghymru) is the Anglican church in Wales, composed of six dioceses.

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Church of England

The Church of England (C of E) is the state church of England.

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Church of Scotland

The Church of Scotland (The Scots Kirk, Eaglais na h-Alba), known informally by its Scots language name, the Kirk, is the national church of Scotland.

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Citizenship of the European Union

Citizenship of the European Union (EU) is afforded to qualifying citizens of European Union member states.

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Civil Contingencies Act 2004

The Civil Contingencies Act 2004 (c 36) is an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom that establishes a coherent framework for emergency planning and response ranging from local to national level.

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Civil liberties

Civil liberties or personal freedoms are personal guarantees and freedoms that the government cannot abridge, either by law or by judicial interpretation, without due process.

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Civil Partnership Act 2004

The Civil Partnership Act 2004 (c 33) is an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom.

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Civil partnership in the United Kingdom

Civil partnerships in the United Kingdom are a form of civil union granted under the Civil Partnership Act 2004, allowing same-sex couples to obtain essentially the same rights and responsibilities as civil marriage.

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Civil service

The civil service is independent of government and composed mainly of career bureaucrats hired on professional merit rather than appointed or elected, whose institutional tenure typically survives transitions of political leadership.

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Claim of Right Act 1689

The Claim of Right is an Act passed by the Parliament of Scotland in April 1689.

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Clement Attlee

Clement Richard Attlee, 1st Earl Attlee, (3 January 1883 – 8 October 1967) was a British statesman of the Labour Party who served as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1945 to 1951 and Leader of the Labour Party from 1935 to 1955.

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Clergy

Clergy are some of the main and important formal leaders within certain religions.

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Collective bargaining

Collective bargaining is a process of negotiation between employers and a group of employees aimed at agreements to regulate working salaries, working conditions, benefits, and other aspects of workers' compensation and rights for workers.

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Commissioner of Police of the Metropolis

The Commissioner of Police of the Metropolis is the head of London's Metropolitan Police Service.

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Committee on the Administration of Justice

The Committee on the Administration of Justice (often known by the acronym CAJ) is an independent human rights organisation in Northern Ireland with cross-community membership.

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Common assault

Common assault was an offence under the common law of England, and has been held now to be a statutory offence in the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.

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Common law

Common law (also known as judicial precedent or judge-made law, or case law) is that body of law derived from judicial decisions of courts and similar tribunals.

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Commonwealth of Nations

The Commonwealth of Nations, often known as simply the Commonwealth, is an intergovernmental organisation of 53 member states that are mostly former territories of the British Empire.

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Communist Party of Great Britain

The Communist Party of Great Britain (CPGB) was a British communist party which was the largest communist party in Great Britain, although it never became a mass party like those in France and Italy.

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Compulsory purchase in England and Wales

Compulsory purchase is the power to acquire rights over an estate in English land law, or to buy that estate outright, without the current owner's consent in return for compensation.

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Confession (law)

In the law of criminal evidence, a confession is a statement by a suspect in crime which is adverse to that person.

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Conflict Archive on the Internet

CAIN (Conflict Archive on the Internet) is a database containing information about Conflict and Politics in Northern Ireland from 1968 to the present.

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Conscientious objector

A conscientious objector is an "individual who has claimed the right to refuse to perform military service" on the grounds of freedom of thought, conscience, or religion.

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Consent (criminal law)

In criminal law, consent may be used as an excuse and prevent the defendant from incurring liability for what was done.

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Conservative–Liberal Democrat coalition agreement

The Conservative–Liberal Democrat coalition agreement (officially known as The Coalition: Our Programme for Government) was a policy document drawn up following the 2010 general election in the United Kingdom.

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Constitutional convention (political meeting)

A constitutional convention is a gathering for the purpose of writing a new constitution or revising an existing constitution.

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Contempt of court

Contempt of court, often referred to simply as "contempt", is the offense of being disobedient to or discourteous toward a court of law and its officers in the form of behavior that opposes or defies the authority, justice and dignity of the court.

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Control order

A control order is an order made by the Home Secretary of the United Kingdom to restrict an individual's liberty for the purpose of "protecting members of the public from a risk of terrorism".

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Controlled Drug in the United Kingdom

The United Kingdom Misuse of Drugs Act 1971 aimed to control the possession and supply of numerous listed drugs and drug-like substances as a controlled substance.

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Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women

The Convention on the Elimination of all Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW) is an international treaty adopted in 1979 by the United Nations General Assembly.

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Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities

The Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities is an international human rights treaty of the United Nations intended to protect the rights and dignity of persons with disabilities.

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Convention on the Rights of the Child

The United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (commonly abbreviated as the CRC or UNCRC) is a human rights treaty which sets out the civil, political, economic, social, health and cultural rights of children.

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Coroner

A coroner is a person whose standard role is to confirm and certify the death of an individual within a jurisdiction.

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Corporal punishment

Corporal punishment or physical punishment is a punishment intended to cause physical pain on a person.

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Corporation Act 1661

The Corporation Act of 1661 was an Act of the Parliament of England (13 Cha. II. St. 2 c. 1).

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Council of Europe

The Council of Europe (CoE; Conseil de l'Europe) is an international organisation whose stated aim is to uphold human rights, democracy and the rule of law in Europe.

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Council of Europe Convention on Action against Trafficking in Human Beings

The Council of Europe Convention on Action against Trafficking in Human Beings is a regional human rights treaty of international human rights law by the Council of Europe.

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Counter-terrorism

Counter-terrorism (also spelled counterterrorism) incorporates the practice, military tactics, techniques, and strategy that government, military, law enforcement, business, and intelligence agencies use to combat or prevent terrorism.

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Court of Appeal (England and Wales)

The Court of Appeal (COA, formally "Her Majesty's Court of Appeal in England") is the highest court within the Senior Courts of England and Wales, and second only to the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom.

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Courts of the United Kingdom

The Courts of the United Kingdom are separated into three separate jurisdictions, the Courts of England and Wales, Courts of Scotland and the Courts of Northern Ireland, as the United Kingdom does not have a single unified judicial system.

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Crime

In ordinary language, a crime is an unlawful act punishable by a state or other authority.

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Criminal Justice Act 1988

The Criminal Justice Act 1988 (c 33) is an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom.

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Criminal Justice Act 2003

The Criminal Justice Act 2003 (c.44) is an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom.

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Criminal Justice and Immigration Act 2008

The Criminal Justice and Immigration Act 2008 (c 4) is an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom which makes significant changes in many areas of the criminal justice system in England and Wales and, to a lesser extent, in Scotland and Northern Ireland.

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Criminal Justice and Public Order Act 1994

The Criminal Justice and Public Order Act 1994 (c.33) is an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom.

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Criminal law

Criminal law is the body of law that relates to crime.

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Criminal Law Act 1977

The Criminal Law Act 1977 (c.45) is an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom.

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Crossbencher

A crossbencher is an independent or minor party member of some legislatures, such as the British House of Lords and the Parliament of Australia.

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Crown colony

Crown colony, dependent territory and royal colony are terms used to describe the administration of United Kingdom overseas territories that are controlled by the British Government.

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Cruel and unusual punishment

Cruel and unusual punishment is a phrase describing punishment that is considered unacceptable due to the suffering, pain, or humiliation it inflicts on the person subjected to it.

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Daily Mail

The Daily Mail is a British daily middle-marketPeter Wilby, New Statesman, 19 December 2013 (online version: 2 January 2014) tabloid newspaper owned by the Daily Mail and General Trust and published in London.

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Daniel McCann

Daniel "Danny" McCann (30 November 1957 – 6 March 1988) was a volunteer in the Provisional Irish Republican Army (IRA) who was killed by British Army Special Air Service (SAS) soldiers in Operation Flavius.

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Data Protection Act 1998

The Data Protection Act 1998 was a United Kingdom Act of Parliament designed to protect personal data stored on computers or in an organised paper filing system.

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David Calcutt

Sir David Charles Calcutt QC (2 November 1930 – 11 August 2004) was an eminent barrister and public servant, knighted in 1991.

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David Cameron

David William Donald Cameron (born 9 October 1966) is a British politician who served as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 2010 to 2016 and Leader of the Conservative Party from 2005 to 2016.

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David Hennessy, 3rd Baron Windlesham

David James George Hennessy, 3rd Baron Windlesham and Baron Hennessy, (28 January 1932 – 21 December 2010) was a Conservative Party politician in the United Kingdom who held visiting professorships at various universities.

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David Maxwell Fyfe, 1st Earl of Kilmuir

David Patrick Maxwell Fyfe, 1st Earl of Kilmuir, (29 May 1900 – 27 January 1967), known as Sir David Maxwell Fyfe from 1942 to 1954 and as Viscount Kilmuir from 1954 to 1962, was a British Conservative politician, lawyer and judge who combined an industrious and precocious legal career with political ambitions that took him to the offices of Solicitor General, Attorney General, Home Secretary and Lord High Chancellor of Great Britain.

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David Renton

David Lockhart-Mure Renton, Baron Renton, (12 August 1908 – 24 May 2007) was a British politician.

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De facto

In law and government, de facto (or;, "in fact") describes practices that exist in reality, even if not legally recognised by official laws.

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De jure

In law and government, de jure (lit) describes practices that are legally recognised, whether or not the practices exist in reality.

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Declaration of incompatibility

A declaration of incompatibility is a declaration issued by a United Kingdom judge that a statute is incompatible with the European Convention of Human Rights under the Human Rights Act 1998 section 4.

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Democratization

Democratization (or democratisation) is the transition to a more democratic political regime.

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Department for Work and Pensions

The Department for Work and Pensions (DWP) is the largest government department in the United Kingdom, and is responsible for welfare and pension policy.

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Deportation

Deportation is the expulsion of a person or group of people from a place or country.

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Derek Walker-Smith, Baron Broxbourne

Derek Colclough Walker-Smith, Baron Broxbourne, (13 April 1910 – 22 January 1992), known as Sir Derek Walker-Smith, Bt, from 1960 to 1983, was a British Conservative Party politician.

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Derry Irvine, Baron Irvine of Lairg

Alexander Andrew Mackay Irvine, Baron Irvine of Lairg (born 23 June 1940), known as Derry Irvine, is a Scottish lawyer, judge, and political figure who served as Lord Chancellor under his former pupil barrister, Tony Blair.

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Desmond Ackner, Baron Ackner

Desmond James Conrad Ackner, Baron Ackner, PC (18 September 1920 – 21 March 2006) was a British judge and Lord of Appeal in Ordinary.

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Dictatorship

A dictatorship is an authoritarian form of government, characterized by a single leader or group of leaders with either no party or a weak party, little mass mobilization, and limited political pluralism.

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Disability Discrimination Act 1995

The Disability Discrimination Act 1995 (informally, and hereafter, the DDA) is an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom which has now been repealed and replaced by the Equality Act 2010, except in Northern Ireland where the Act still applies.

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Discrimination

In human social affairs, discrimination is treatment or consideration of, or making a distinction in favor of or against, a person based on the group, class, or category to which the person is perceived to belong.

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Divorce in England and Wales

In England and Wales, divorce is allowed on the ground that the marriage has irretrievably broken down.

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DNA

Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is a thread-like chain of nucleotides carrying the genetic instructions used in the growth, development, functioning and reproduction of all known living organisms and many viruses.

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Doctrine

Doctrine (from doctrina, meaning "teaching", "instruction" or "doctrine") is a codification of beliefs or a body of teachings or instructions, taught principles or positions, as the essence of teachings in a given branch of knowledge or in a belief system.

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Donald Wade, Baron Wade

Donald William Wade, Baron Wade, DL (16 June 1904 – 6 November 1988) was a British solicitor who became a Liberal Party Member of Parliament.

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Double jeopardy

Double jeopardy is a procedural defence that prevents an accused person from being tried again on the same (or similar) charges and on the same facts, following a valid acquittal or conviction.

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Douglas v Hello! Ltd

was a series of cases in which Michael Douglas and Catherine Zeta-Jones challenged unauthorised photos of their wedding in the English courts.

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Dudgeon v United Kingdom

Dudgeon v the United Kingdom (1981) was a European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) case, which held that Section 11 of the Criminal Law Amendment Act 1885 which criminalised male homosexual acts in England, Wales and Northern Ireland violated the European Convention on Human Rights.

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Economic, social and cultural rights

Economic, social and cultural rights are socio-economic human rights, such as the right to education, right to housing, right to adequate standard of living, right to health and the right to science and culture.

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Education Act 1944

The Education Act 1944 (7 and 8 Geo 6 c. 31) made numerous major changes in the provision and governance of secondary schools in England and Wales.

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Education Act 1996

The Education Act 1996 is Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom.

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Edward Faulks, Baron Faulks

Edward Peter Lawless Faulks, Baron Faulks QC (born 19 August 1950), is an English barrister and Queen's Counsel.

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Edward Gardner (British politician)

Sir Edward Lucas Gardner, QC (10 May 1912 – 2 August 2001) was a barrister and British Conservative Party politician.

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Elections to the European Parliament

Elections to the European Parliament take place every five years by universal adult suffrage.

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Employment contract

An employment contract or contract of employment is a kind of contract used in labour law to attribute rights and responsibilities between parties to a bargain.

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Employment Equality (Age) Regulations 2006

The Employment Equality (Age) Regulations 2006 (SI 2006/2408) is a piece of secondary legislation in the United Kingdom, which prohibits employers unreasonably discriminating against employees on grounds of age.

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Employment Equality (Religion or Belief) Regulations 2003

The Employment Equality (Religion or Belief) Regulations 2003 is a plank of United Kingdom labour law designed to combat discrimination in relation to people's religion or belief, or absence of religion or belief.

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Employment Equality (Sexual Orientation) Regulations 2003

The Employment Equality (Sexual Orientation) Regulations 2003 are secondary legislation in the United Kingdom, which prohibited employers unreasonably discriminating against employees on grounds of sexual orientation, perceived sexual orientation, religion or belief and age.

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Employment Rights Act 1996

The Employment Rights Act 1996 is a United Kingdom Act of Parliament passed by the Conservative government to codify existing law on individual rights in UK labour law.

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Employment tribunal

Employment tribunals are tribunal public bodies in England and Wales and Scotland which have statutory jurisdiction to hear many kinds of disputes between employers and employees.

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England

England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom.

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England and Wales

England and Wales is a legal jurisdiction covering England and Wales, two of the four countries of the United Kingdom.

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English defamation law

Modern libel and slander laws, as implemented in many (but not all) Commonwealth nations as well as in the United States and in the Republic of Ireland, are originally descended from English defamation law.

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English law

English law is the common law legal system of England and Wales, comprising mainly criminal law and civil law, each branch having its own courts and procedures.

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English trust law

English trust law concerns the creation and protection of asset funds, which are usually held by one party for another's benefit.

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Entick v Carrington

Entick v Carrington, is a leading case in English law and UK constitutional law establishing the civil liberties of individuals and limiting the scope of executive power.

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Entrenched clause

An entrenched clause or entrenchment clause of a basic law or constitution is a provision that makes certain amendments either more difficult or impossible to pass, making such amendments inadmissible.

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Equal Pay Act 1970

The Equal Pay Act 1970 is an Act of the United Kingdom Parliament which prohibits any less favourable treatment between men and women in terms of pay and conditions of employment.

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Equal pay for equal work

Equal pay for equal work is the concept of labor rights that individuals in the same workplace be given equal pay.

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Equality Act 2010

The Equality Act 2010 is an Act of Parliament of the United Kingdom, and has the same goals as the four major EU Equal Treatment Directives, whose provisions it mirrors and implements.

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Equality and Human Rights Commission

The Equality and Human Rights Commission (EHRC) is a non-departmental public body in England and Wales, established by the Equality Act 2006 with effect from 1 October 2007.

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Eur-Lex

Eur-Lex (stylized EUR-Lex) is an official website of European Union law and other public documents of the European Union (EU), published in 24 official languages of the EU.

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European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages

The European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages (ECRML) is a European treaty (CETS 148) adopted in 1992 under the auspices of the Council of Europe to protect and promote historical regional and minority languages in Europe.

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European Commission of Human Rights

European Commission of Human Rights was a special tribunal.

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European Convention for the Prevention of Torture and Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment

The European Convention for the Prevention of Torture and Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment was adopted by the member states of the Council of Europe, meeting at Strasbourg on 26 November 1987.

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European Convention on Human Rights

The European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR) (formally the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms) is an international treaty to protect human rights and political freedoms in Europe.

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European Court of Human Rights

The European Court of Human Rights (ECHR or ECtHR; Cour européenne des droits de l’homme) is a supranational or international court established by the European Convention on Human Rights.

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European Court of Justice

The European Court of Justice (ECJ), officially just the Court of Justice (Cour de Justice), is the supreme court of the European Union in matters of European Union law.

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European Economic Community

The European Economic Community (EEC) was a regional organisation which aimed to bring about economic integration among its member states.

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European Group of National Human Rights Institutions

European Group of National Human Rights Institutions has ceased to exist and it has been superseded by the European Network of National Human Rights Institutions.

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European Movement International

The European Movement International is a lobbying association that coordinates the efforts of associations and national councils with the goal of promoting European integration, and disseminating information about it.

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European Ombudsman

The European Ombudsman (or sometimes Euro-Ombudsman) is an ombudsman for the European Union, based in the Salvador de Madariaga Building in Strasbourg.

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European Parliament

The European Parliament (EP) is the directly elected parliamentary institution of the European Union (EU).

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European Single Market

The European Single Market, Internal Market or Common Market is a single market which seeks to guarantee the free movement of goods, capital, services, and labour – the "four freedoms" – within the European Union (EU).

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European Social Charter

The European Social Charter is a Council of Europe treaty which was opened for signature on October 18, 1961 and initially became effective on February 26, 1965, after West Germany had become the fifth of the 13 signing nations to ratify it.

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European Union

The European Union (EU) is a political and economic union of EUnum member states that are located primarily in Europe.

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European Union law

European Union law is the system of laws operating within the member states of the European Union.

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Euthanasia

Euthanasia (from εὐθανασία; "good death": εὖ, eu; "well" or "good" – θάνατος, thanatos; "death") is the practice of intentionally ending a life to relieve pain and suffering.

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Ex post facto law

An ex post facto law (corrupted from) is a law that retroactively changes the legal consequences (or status) of actions that were committed, or relationships that existed, before the enactment of the law.

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Extreme poverty

Extreme poverty, abject poverty, absolute poverty, destitution, or penury, was originally defined by the United Nations in 1995 as "a condition characterized by severe deprivation of basic human needs, including food, safe drinking water, sanitation facilities, health, shelter, education and information.

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False imprisonment

False imprisonment occurs when a person is restricted in their personal movement within any area without justification or consent.

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Fatal Accidents Act 1976

The Fatal Accidents Act 1976 (c 30) is an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom, that allows relatives of people killed by the wrongdoing of others to recover damages.

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First Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights

The First Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights is an international treaty establishing an individual complaint mechanism for the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR).

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Five techniques

The five techniques were illegal interrogation methods which were originally developed by the British military in other operational theatres and then applied to detainees during the Troubles in Northern Ireland.

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Florence Nagle

Florence Nagle (26 October 1894 – 30 October 1988) was a trainer and breeder of racehorses, a breeder of pedigree dogs, and an active feminist.

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Forced prostitution

Forced prostitution, also known as involuntary prostitution, is prostitution or sexual slavery that takes place as a result of coercion by a third party.

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Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities

The Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities (FCNM) is a multilateral treaty of the Council of Europe aimed at protecting the rights of minorities.

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France

France, officially the French Republic (République française), is a sovereign state whose territory consists of metropolitan France in Western Europe, as well as several overseas regions and territories.

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Frank Soskice, Baron Stow Hill

Frank Soskice, Baron Stow Hill, (23 July 1902 – 1 January 1979) was a British lawyer and Labour Party politician.

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Freedom of contract

Freedom of contract is the freedom of private or public individuals and groups (of any legal entity) to form nonviolent contracts without government restrictions.

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French Resistance

The French Resistance (La Résistance) was the collection of French movements that fought against the Nazi German occupation of France and against the collaborationist Vichy régime during the Second World War.

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Fundamental rights

Some universally recognized rights that are seen as fundamental, i.e., contained in the United Nations Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the U.N. International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, or the U.N. International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, include the following.

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Gender

Gender is the range of characteristics pertaining to, and differentiating between, masculinity and femininity.

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Gender Recognition Act 2004

The Gender Recognition Act 2004 is an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom that allows people having gender dysphoria to change their legal gender.

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General Council of the Bar

The General Council of the Bar, commonly known as the Bar Council, is the professional association for barristers in England and Wales.

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Geoffrey Howe

Richard Edward Geoffrey Howe, Baron Howe of Aberavon, (20 December 1926 – 9 October 2015), known from 1970 to 1992 as Sir Geoffrey Howe, was a British Conservative politician.

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Gerald Gardiner, Baron Gardiner

Gerald Austin Gardiner, Baron Gardiner, (30 May 1900 – 7 January 1990) was a British Labour politician, who served as Lord High Chancellor of Great Britain from 1964 to 1970 and during that time he introduced into British law as many reforms as any Lord Chancellor had done before or since.

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Gibraltar

Gibraltar is a British Overseas Territory located at the southern tip of the Iberian Peninsula.

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Gillick competence

Gillick competence is a term originating in England and is used in medical law to decide whether a child (under 16 years of age) is able to consent to his or her own medical treatment, without the need for parental permission or knowledge.

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Global Alliance of National Human Rights Institutions

The Global Alliance for National Human Rights Institutions (GANHRI), formerly known as the International Coordinating Committee of National Human Rights Institutions, sometimes shortened to the International Coordinating Committee (ICC), is a global network of national human rights institutions (NHRIs) – administrative bodies set up to promote, protect and monitor human rights in a given country.

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Good Friday Agreement

The Good Friday Agreement (GFA) or Belfast Agreement (Comhaontú Aoine an Chéasta or Comhaontú Bhéal Feirste; Ulster-Scots: Guid Friday Greeance or Bilfawst Greeance) was a major political development in the Northern Ireland peace process of the 1990s.

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Gordon Brown

James Gordon Brown (born 20 February 1951) is a British politician who was Prime Minister of the United Kingdom and Leader of the Labour Party from 2007 to 2010.

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Government of Ireland

The Government of Ireland (Rialtas na hÉireann) is the cabinet that exercises executive authority in the Republic of Ireland.

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Government of the United Kingdom

The Government of the United Kingdom, formally referred to as Her Majesty's Government, is the central government of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.

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Great Britain

Great Britain, also known as Britain, is a large island in the north Atlantic Ocean off the northwest coast of continental Europe.

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Green paper

In the European Union, the Commonwealth countries, Hong Kong and the United States, a green paper is a tentative government report and consultation document of policy proposals for debate and discussion.

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Habeas corpus

Habeas corpus (Medieval Latin meaning literally "that you have the body") is a recourse in law through which a person can report an unlawful detention or imprisonment to a court and request that the court order the custodian of the person, usually a prison official, to bring the prisoner to court, to determine whether the detention is lawful.

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Habeas Corpus Act 1679

The Habeas Corpus Act 1679 is an Act of Parliament in England (31 Cha. 2 c. 2) during the reign of King Charles II.

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Hansard

Hansard is the traditional name of the transcripts of Parliamentary Debates in Britain and many Commonwealth countries.

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Harold Macmillan

Maurice Harold Macmillan, 1st Earl of Stockton, (10 February 1894 – 29 December 1986) was a British statesman of the Conservative Party who served as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1957 to 1963.

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Hate speech

Hate speech is speech that attacks a person or group on the basis of attributes such as race, religion, ethnic origin, national origin, gender, disability, sexual orientation, or gender identity.

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Head teacher

The head teacher,See American and British English spelling differences headmaster, headmistress, head, chancellor, principal or school director (sometimes another title is used) is the teacher with the greatest responsibility for the management of a school, college, or, in the case of the United States and India, an independent school.

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Hearing (law)

In law, a hearing is a proceeding before a court or other decision-making body or officer, such as a government agency or a Parliamentary committee.

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Helena Kennedy, Baroness Kennedy of The Shaws

Helena Ann Kennedy, Baroness Kennedy of The Shaws, QC, FRSA, HonFRSE (born 12 May 1950) is a British barrister, broadcaster, and Labour member of the House of Lords.

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Her Majesty's Naval Service

Her/His Majesty's Naval Service, also known as the Senior Service, is the United Kingdom's naval warfare and maritime service.

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Her Majesty's Prison Service

Her Majesty's Prison Service is a part of Her Majesty's Prison and Probation Service (formerly the National Offender Management Service), which is the part of Her Majesty's Government tasked with managing most of the prisons within England and Wales.

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Hersch Lauterpacht

Sir Hersch Lauterpacht QC (16 August 1897 – 8 May 1960) was a Polish-British lawyer and judge at the International Court of Justice.

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Heterosexuality

Heterosexuality is romantic attraction, sexual attraction or sexual behavior between persons of the opposite sex or gender.

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Highways in England and Wales

In the common law of England and Wales, a highway occurs where there is a public right of passage over land at all times "without let or hindrance" that follows a particular route.

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HM Prison Belmarsh

Her Majesty's Prison Belmarsh is a Category A men's prison in Thamesmead, south-east London, England.

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Home Office

The Home Office (HO) is a ministerial department of Her Majesty's Government of the United Kingdom, responsible for immigration, security and law and order.

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Home Secretary

Her Majesty's Principal Secretary of State for the Home Department, normally referred to as the Home Secretary, is a senior official as one of the Great Offices of State within Her Majesty's Government and head of the Home Office.

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Homosexuality

Homosexuality is romantic attraction, sexual attraction or sexual behavior between members of the same sex or gender.

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Hooding

Hooding is the placing of a hood over the entire head of a prisoner.

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House arrest

In justice and law, house arrest (also called home confinement, home detention, or, in modern times, electronic monitoring) is a measure by which a person is confined by the authorities to a residence.

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House of Commons (Removal of Clergy Disqualification) Act 2001

The House of Commons (Removal of Clergy Disqualification) Act 2001 (c.13) is an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom.

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House of Commons of the United Kingdom

The House of Commons is the lower house of the Parliament of the United Kingdom.

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House of Lords

The House of Lords of the United Kingdom, also known as the House of Peers, is the upper house of the Parliament of the United Kingdom.

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Housing Act 1985

The Housing Act 1985 is a British Act of Parliament.

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Human Fertilisation and Embryology Act 1990

The Human Fertilisation and Embryology Act 1990 is an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom.

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Human Rights Act 1998

The Human Rights Act 1998 (c42) is an Act of Parliament of the United Kingdom which received Royal Assent on 9 November 1998, and mostly came into force on 2 October 2000.

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Ian Fraser, Baron Fraser of Tullybelton

Walter Ian Reid Fraser, Baron Fraser of Tullybelton, (3 February 1911 – 17 February 1989) was a British judge.

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Identity Cards Act 2006

The Identity Cards Act 2006 (c 15) was an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom that has since been repealed.

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IFEX (organization)

IFEX, formerly the International Freedom of Expression Exchange, is a global network of over 119 independent non-governmental organisations working at the local, national, regional and international level to defend and promote freedom of expression as a fundamental human right.

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Immigration

Immigration is the international movement of people into a destination country of which they are not natives or where they do not possess citizenship in order to settle or reside there, especially as permanent residents or naturalized citizens, or to take up employment as a migrant worker or temporarily as a foreign worker.

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Immigration Act 1971

The Immigration Act 1971 is an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom concerning immigration.

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Incorporation of international law

The incorporation of international law is the process by which international agreements become part of the municipal law of a sovereign state.

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Indefinite detention without trial

Indefinite detention is the incarceration of an arrested person by a national government or law enforcement agency without a trial; the practice violates many national and international laws, including human rights laws.

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Indictable offence

In many common law jurisdictions (e.g., England and Wales, Ireland, Canada, Hong Kong, India, Australia, New Zealand, Malaysia, Singapore), an indictable offence is an offence which can only be tried on an indictment after a preliminary hearing to determine whether there is a prima facie case to answer or by a grand jury (in contrast to a summary offence).

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Industrial Relations Act 1971

The Industrial Relations Act 1971 (c.72) was an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom, since repealed.

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Injunctions in English law

Injunctions in English law are a legal remedy of three types.

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Institute for Public Policy Research

The Institute for Public Policy Research (IPPR) is a left-wing think tank based in London.

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Intellectual property

Intellectual property (IP) is a category of property that includes intangible creations of the human intellect, and primarily encompasses copyrights, patents, and trademarks.

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Intellectual property infringement

An intellectual property infringement is the infringement or violation of an intellectual property right.

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Intelligence Services Act 1994

The Intelligence Services Act 1994 (c. 13) is an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom.

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International and Comparative Law Quarterly

The International and Comparative Law Quarterly is a law review published quarterly by the British Institute of International and Comparative Law.

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International Commission of Jurists

The International Commission of Jurists (ICJ) is an international human rights non-governmental organization.

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International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination

The International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination (ICERD) is a United Nations convention.

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International Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families

The International Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families is a United Nations multilateral treaty governing the protection of migrant workers and families.

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International court

International courts are formed by treaties between nations or under the authority of an international organization such as the United Nations and include ad hoc tribunals and permanent institutions but exclude any courts arising purely under national authority.

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International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights

The International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR) is a multilateral treaty adopted by the United Nations General Assembly with resolution 2200A (XXI) on 16 December 1966, and in force from 23 March 1976 in accordance with Article 49 of the covenant.

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International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights

The International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (ICESCR) is a multilateral treaty adopted by the United Nations General Assembly on 16 December 1966, and came in force from 3 January 1976.

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Internment

Internment is the imprisonment of people, commonly in large groups, without charges or intent to file charges, and thus no trial.

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Interrogation

Interrogation (also called questioning) is interviewing as commonly employed by law enforcement officers, military personnel, and intelligence agencies with the goal of eliciting useful information.

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Irish nationalism

Irish nationalism is an ideology which asserts that the Irish people are a nation.

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Islamic Human Rights Commission

The Islamic Human Rights Commission (IHRC) is a non-profit organisation based in London.

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Italy

Italy (Italia), officially the Italian Republic (Repubblica Italiana), is a sovereign state in Europe.

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Jack Simon, Baron Simon of Glaisdale

Jocelyn Edward Salis Simon, Baron Simon of Glaisdale, (15 January 1911 – 7 May 2006) was a Law Lord in the United Kingdom, having been, by turns, a barrister, a commissioned officer in the British Army, a barrister again, a Conservative Party politician, a government minister, and a judge.

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Jack Straw

John Whitaker Straw (born 3 August 1946) is an English politician who served as the Member of Parliament (MP) for Blackburn from 1979 to 2015.

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Jews

Jews (יְהוּדִים ISO 259-3, Israeli pronunciation) or Jewish people are an ethnoreligious group and a nation, originating from the Israelites Israelite origins and kingdom: "The first act in the long drama of Jewish history is the age of the Israelites""The people of the Kingdom of Israel and the ethnic and religious group known as the Jewish people that descended from them have been subjected to a number of forced migrations in their history" and Hebrews of the Ancient Near East.

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Jews Relief Act 1858

The Jews Relief Act 1858, also called the Jewish Disabilities Bill, is an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom which removed previous barriers to Jews entering Parliament.

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Jim Griffiths

James Griffiths (19 September 1890 – 7 August 1975) was a Welsh Labour politician, trade union leader and the first Secretary of State for Wales.

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Jobseekers (Back to Work Schemes) Act 2013

The Jobseekers (Back to Work Schemes) Act 2013 is an emergency Act of Parliament of the United Kingdom introduced to the House of Commons in March 2013.

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Jockey Club

The Jockey Club is the largest commercial horse racing organisation in the United Kingdom.

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John Donaldson, Baron Donaldson of Lymington

John Francis Donaldson, Baron Donaldson of Lymington, PC (6 October 1920 – 31 August 2005) was a senior British judge who served as Master of the Rolls for ten years, from 1982-92.

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John Foster (British politician)

Brigadier Sir John Galway Foster (21 February 1903 – 1 February 1982) was a British Conservative Party politician, British Army officer and legal scholar.

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John Locke

John Locke (29 August 1632 – 28 October 1704) was an English philosopher and physician, widely regarded as one of the most influential of Enlightenment thinkers and commonly known as the "Father of Liberalism".

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John Smith (Labour Party leader)

John Smith (13 September 1938 – 12 May 1994) was a Scottish Labour Party politician who served as Leader of the Labour Party from July 1992 until his death from a heart attack in May 1994.

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Johnston v Chief Constable of the Royal Ulster Constabulary

Johnston v Chief Constable of the Royal Ulster Constabulary (1986) is a UK labour law and EU labour law case concerning sex discrimination and genuine occupational requirements.

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Joint Committee on Human Rights

The Joint Committee on Human Rights is a select committee of both the House of Commons and House of Lords in the Parliament of the United Kingdom.

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Jonathan Fisher (barrister)

Jonathan Fisher QC is a London barrister specialising in corporate and financial crime, proceeds of crime, and tax cases He is also a Visiting Professor at the London School of Economics.

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Judicial functions of the House of Lords

The House of Lords, in addition to having a legislative function, historically also had a judicial function.

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Judiciary

The judiciary (also known as the judicial system or court system) is the system of courts that interprets and applies the law in the name of the state.

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Juries in England and Wales

In the legal jurisdiction of England and Wales, there is a long tradition of jury trial that has evolved over centuries.

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JUSTICE

JUSTICE is a human rights and law reform organisation based in the United Kingdom.

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Justiciability

Justiciability concerns the limits upon legal issues over which a court can exercise its judicial authority.

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Kaye v Robertson

Kaye v Robertson FSR 62 is a case in English law, expressing the view that there is no common-law right to privacy in English law.

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Kevin McNamara (politician)

Joseph Kevin McNamara, KSG (5 September 1934 – 6 August 2017) was a British Labour Party politician who served as a Member of Parliament (MP) for almost 40 years.

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Kidnapping

In criminal law, kidnapping is the unlawful carrying away (asportation) and confinement of a person against his or her will.

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Kingdom of England

The Kingdom of England (French: Royaume d'Angleterre; Danish: Kongeriget England; German: Königreich England) was a sovereign state on the island of Great Britain from the 10th century—when it emerged from various Anglo-Saxon kingdoms—until 1707, when it united with Scotland to form the Kingdom of Great Britain.

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Kingdom of Scotland

The Kingdom of Scotland (Rìoghachd na h-Alba; Kinrick o Scotland) was a sovereign state in northwest Europe traditionally said to have been founded in 843.

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Labour Party (UK) Conference

The Labour Party Conference, or annual national conference of the Labour Party, is formally the supreme decision-making body of the Party.

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Labour Party (UK) leadership election, 1992

The 1992 Labour Party leadership election followed the Labour Party's failure to win the 1992 general election and the subsequent resignation of party leader Neil Kinnock.

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Law Society of England and Wales

The Law Society of England and Wales (officially The Law Society) is the professional association that represents and governs solicitors for the jurisdiction of England and Wales.

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Legal professional privilege in England and Wales

In England and Wales, the principle of legal professional privilege has long been recognised by the common law.

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Leon Brittan

Leon Brittan, Baron Brittan of Spennithorne, (25 September 1939 – 21 January 2015) was a British politician, Conservative Member of Parliament, and barrister, as well as a member of the European Commission.

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Leslie Scarman, Baron Scarman

Leslie George Scarman, Baron Scarman (29 July 1911 – 8 December 2004) was an English judge and barrister, who served as a Law Lord until his retirement in 1986.

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Liberal Democrats (UK)

The Liberal Democrats (often referred to as Lib Dems) are a liberal British political party, formed in 1988 as a merger of the Liberal Party and the Social Democratic Party (SDP), a splinter group from the Labour Party, which had formed the SDP–Liberal Alliance from 1981.

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Liberty (advocacy group)

Liberty, formerly and still formally called the National Council for Civil Liberties (NCCL), is an advocacy group based in the United Kingdom, which campaigns to protect civil liberties and promote human rights – through the courts, in Parliament and in the wider community.

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List of Acts of Parliament in the United Kingdom

This is a list of links to lists of Acts of the Parliament of the United Kingdom grouped by period.

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List of English monarchs

This list of kings and queens of the Kingdom of England begins with Alfred the Great, King of Wessex, one of the petty kingdoms to rule a portion of modern England.

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List of political parties in the United Kingdom

This article lists political parties in the United Kingdom.

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List of terrorist incidents in Great Britain

The following is a list of terrorist incidents in Great Britain.

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Lithuania

Lithuania (Lietuva), officially the Republic of Lithuania (Lietuvos Respublika), is a country in the Baltic region of northern-eastern Europe.

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Local election

In many parts of the world, local elections take place to select office-holders in local government, such as mayors and councillors.

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Local government in England

The pattern of local government in England is complex, with the distribution of functions varying according to the local arrangements.

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Lord Chancellor

The Lord Chancellor, formally the Lord High Chancellor of Great Britain, is the highest ranking among those Great Officers of State which are appointed regularly in the United Kingdom, nominally outranking even the Prime Minister.

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Magistrates' court (England and Wales)

In England and Wales, a magistrates' court is a lower court which holds trials for summary offences and preliminary hearings for more serious ones.

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Magna Carta

Magna Carta Libertatum (Medieval Latin for "the Great Charter of the Liberties"), commonly called Magna Carta (also Magna Charta; "Great Charter"), is a charter agreed to by King John of England at Runnymede, near Windsor, on 15 June 1215.

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Manslaughter in English law

In the English law of homicide, manslaughter is a less serious offence than murder, the differential being between levels of fault based on the mens rea (Latin for "guilty mind") or by reason of a partial defence.

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Margin of appreciation

The margin of appreciation (or margin of state discretion) is a doctrine with a wide scope in international human rights law.

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Marriage (Same Sex Couples) Act 2013

The Marriage (Same Sex Couples) Act 2013 (c. 30) is an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom which legalised same-sex marriage in England and Wales.

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Marriage Act 1949

The Marriage Act 1949 (12, 13 & 14 Geo 6 c 76) is an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom regulating marriages in England and Wales.

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Matrimonial Causes Act 1973

The Matrimonial Causes Act 1973 (c 18) is an Act of Parliament of the United Kingdom governing divorce law and marriage in England and Wales.

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Media of the United Kingdom

There are several different types of media in the United Kingdom: television, radio, newspapers, magazines and websites.

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Member of parliament

A member of parliament (MP) is the representative of the voters to a parliament.

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Member state of the European Union

The European Union (EU) consists of 28 member states.

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Mental Health Act 1983

The Mental Health Act 1983 (c.20) is an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom which applies to people in England and Wales.

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MI5

The Security Service, also MI5 (Military Intelligence, Section 5), is the United Kingdom's domestic counter-intelligence and security agency and is part of its intelligence machinery alongside the Secret Intelligence Service (MI6), Government Communications Headquarters (GCHQ) and Defence Intelligence (DI).

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Military Service Act 1916

The Military Service Act 1916 was an Act passed by the Parliament of the United Kingdom during the First World War.

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Minimum wage

A minimum wage is the lowest remuneration that employers can legally pay their workers.

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Ministry of Defence (United Kingdom)

The Ministry of Defence (MoD or MOD) is the British government department responsible for implementing the defence policy set by Her Majesty's Government and is the headquarters of the British Armed Forces.

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Ministry of Justice (United Kingdom)

The Ministry of Justice (MOJ) is a ministerial department of the British Government headed by the Secretary of State for Justice and Lord Chancellor (a combined position).

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Miscarriage of justice

A miscarriage of justice is primarily the conviction and punishment of a person for a crime they did not commit.

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Misuse of private information

Misuse of private information is a new common law tort that English courts recognised in Campbell v MGN Ltd.

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Modern immigration to the United Kingdom

Since 1945, immigration to the United Kingdom under British nationality law has been significant, in particular from the Republic of Ireland and from the former British Empire especially India, Bangladesh, Pakistan, the Caribbean, South Africa, Nigeria, Ghana, Kenya and Hong Kong.

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Modernization theory

Modernization theory is used to explain the process of modernization within societies.

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Monism and dualism in international law

The terms monism and dualism are used to describe two different theories of the relationship between international law and national law.

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Morocco

Morocco (officially known as the Kingdom of Morocco, is a unitary sovereign state located in the Maghreb region of North Africa. It is one of the native homelands of the indigenous Berber people. Geographically, Morocco is characterised by a rugged mountainous interior, large tracts of desert and a lengthy coastline along the Atlantic Ocean and Mediterranean Sea. Morocco has a population of over 33.8 million and an area of. Its capital is Rabat, and the largest city is Casablanca. Other major cities include Marrakesh, Tangier, Salé, Fes, Meknes and Oujda. A historically prominent regional power, Morocco has a history of independence not shared by its neighbours. Since the foundation of the first Moroccan state by Idris I in 788 AD, the country has been ruled by a series of independent dynasties, reaching its zenith under the Almoravid dynasty and Almohad dynasty, spanning parts of Iberia and northwestern Africa. The Marinid and Saadi dynasties continued the struggle against foreign domination, and Morocco remained the only North African country to avoid Ottoman occupation. The Alaouite dynasty, the current ruling dynasty, seized power in 1631. In 1912, Morocco was divided into French and Spanish protectorates, with an international zone in Tangier, and regained its independence in 1956. Moroccan culture is a blend of Berber, Arab, West African and European influences. Morocco claims the non-self-governing territory of Western Sahara, formerly Spanish Sahara, as its Southern Provinces. After Spain agreed to decolonise the territory to Morocco and Mauritania in 1975, a guerrilla war arose with local forces. Mauritania relinquished its claim in 1979, and the war lasted until a cease-fire in 1991. Morocco currently occupies two thirds of the territory, and peace processes have thus far failed to break the political deadlock. Morocco is a constitutional monarchy with an elected parliament. The King of Morocco holds vast executive and legislative powers, especially over the military, foreign policy and religious affairs. Executive power is exercised by the government, while legislative power is vested in both the government and the two chambers of parliament, the Assembly of Representatives and the Assembly of Councillors. The king can issue decrees called dahirs, which have the force of law. He can also dissolve the parliament after consulting the Prime Minister and the president of the constitutional court. Morocco's predominant religion is Islam, and the official languages are Arabic and Berber, with Berber being the native language of Morocco before the Arab conquest in the 600s AD. The Moroccan dialect of Arabic, referred to as Darija, and French are also widely spoken. Morocco is a member of the Arab League, the Union for the Mediterranean and the African Union. It has the fifth largest economy of Africa.

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Murder in English law

Murder is an offence under the common law of England and Wales.

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Murder of Philip Lawrence

Philip Ambrose Lawrence, QGM (21 August 1947 — 8 December 1995) was a school headmaster who was stabbed to death outside the gates of his school in London, England, when he went to the aid of a pupil who was being attacked by a gang.

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National Assistance Act 1948

The National Assistance Act 1948 is an Act of Parliament passed in the United Kingdom by the Labour government of Clement Attlee.

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National Executive Committee

The National Executive Committee (NEC) is the governing body of the UK Labour Party, setting the overall strategic direction of the party and policy development.

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National human rights institution

A national human rights institution (NHRI) is an independent institution bestowed with the responsibility to broadly protect, monitor and promote human rights in a given country.

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National Minimum Wage Act 1998

The National Minimum Wage Act 1998 creates a minimum wage across the United Kingdom, which from 1 April 2018 was £7.83 per hour for workers aged over 25, £7.38 per hour for workers aged 21 to 24, and £5.90 per hour for workers aged 18 to 20.

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National security

National security refers to the security of a nation state, including its citizens, economy, and institutions, and is regarded as a duty of government.

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National Service (Armed Forces) Act 1939

The National Service (Armed Forces) Act 1939 was enacted by the Parliament of the United Kingdom on 3 September 1939, the day the United Kingdom declared war on Germany at the start of the Second World War.

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Natural justice

In English law, natural justice is technical terminology for the rule against bias (nemo iudex in causa sua) and the right to a fair hearing (audi alteram partem).

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Neglect

Neglect is a form of abuse where the perpetrator, who is responsible for caring for someone who is unable to care for themselves, fails to do so.

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Nemo iudex in causa sua

Nemo iudex in causa sua (or nemo iudex in sua causa) is a Latin phrase that means, literally, "no-one should be a judge in his own case." It is a principle of natural justice that no person can judge a case in which they have an interest.

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New Zealand Bill of Rights Act 1990

The New Zealand Bill of Rights Act 1990 (sometimes known by its acronym, NZBORA) is a statute of the Parliament of New Zealand setting out the rights and fundamental freedoms of anyone subject to New Zealand law as a Bill of rights.

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Northern Ireland

Northern Ireland (Tuaisceart Éireann; Ulster-Scots: Norlin Airlann) is a part of the United Kingdom in the north-east of the island of Ireland, variously described as a country, province or region.

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Northern Ireland Act 1998

The Northern Ireland Act 1998 is an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom which established a devolved legislature for Northern Ireland, the Northern Ireland Assembly, after decades of direct rule from Westminster.

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Northern Ireland Human Rights Commission

The Northern Ireland Human Rights Commission (NIHRC) is a non-departmental public body funded through the Northern Ireland Office but operating independently of government as the national human rights institution (NHRI) for Northern Ireland.

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Northern Ireland law

Northern Ireland law refers to the legal system of statute and common law operating in Northern Ireland since the partition of Ireland established Northern Ireland as a separate jurisdiction within the United Kingdom in 1921.

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Offensive weapon

An offensive weapon is a tool made, adapted or intended for the purpose of inflicting mental or physical injury upon another person.

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Operation Demetrius

Operation Demetrius was a British Army operation in Northern Ireland on 9–10 August 1971, during the Troubles.

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Opt-outs in the European Union

In general, the law of the European Union is valid in all of the twenty-eight European Union member states.

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Optional Protocol on the Involvement of Children in Armed Conflict

The Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the Involvement of Children in Armed Conflict (OPAC), also known as the child soldier treaty, is a multilateral treaty whereby states agree to: 1) prohibit the conscription into the military of children under the age of 18; 2) ensure that military recruits are no younger than 16; and 3) prevent recruits aged 16 or 17 from taking a direct part in hostilities. The treaty also forbids non-state armed groups from recruiting anyone under the age of 18 for any purpose. The United Nations General Assembly adopted the treaty as a supplementary protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child by resolution 54/263 on 25 May 2000. The protocol came into force on 12 February 2002. As of February 2018, 167 states were party to the protocol and a further 13 states had signed but not ratified it.

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Optional Protocol on the Sale of Children, Child Prostitution and Child Pornography

The Optional Protocol on the Sale of Children, Child Prostitution and Child Pornography is a protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child and requires parties to prohibit the sale of children, child prostitution and child pornography.

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Optional Protocol to the Convention against Torture

The Optional Protocol to the Convention against Torture and other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment (commonly known as the Optional Protocol to the Convention against Torture (OPCAT)) is a treaty that supplements to the 1984 United Nations Convention Against Torture.

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Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women

The Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (OP-CEDAW) is an international treaty which establishes complaint and inquiry mechanisms for the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW).

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Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities

The Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities is a side-agreement to the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities.

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Organization

An organization or organisation is an entity comprising multiple people, such as an institution or an association, that has a collective goal and is linked to an external environment.

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Osman v United Kingdom

Osman v United Kingdom is a leading and controversial case before the European Court of Human Rights on human rights law in the United Kingdom.

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Parental responsibility (access and custody)

In the nations of the European Union and in the United Kingdom, parental responsibility refers to the rights and privileges which underpin the relationship between a child and either or both of the child's parents or those adults who are granted parental responsibility by either signing a 'parental responsibility agreement' with the mother or getting a 'parental responsibility order' from a court.

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Parliament of England

The Parliament of England was the legislature of the Kingdom of England, existing from the early 13th century until 1707, when it became the Parliament of Great Britain after the political union of England and Scotland created the Kingdom of Great Britain.

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Parliament of the United Kingdom

The Parliament of the United Kingdom, commonly known as the UK Parliament or British Parliament, is the supreme legislative body of the United Kingdom, the Crown dependencies and overseas territories.

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Parliament Square

Parliament Square is a square at the northwest end of the Palace of Westminster in central London.

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Parliamentary Archives

The Parliamentary Archives of the United Kingdom preserves and makes available to public the records of the House of Lords and House of Commons back to 1497, as well as some 200 other collections of Parliamentary interest.

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Parliamentary Constituencies Act 1986

The Parliamentary Constituencies Act 1986 (c. 56) is an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom.

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Parliamentary privilege in the United Kingdom

Parliamentary privilege in the United Kingdom is a legal immunity enjoyed by Members of the House of Commons and House of Lords designed to ensure that Parliamentarians are able to carry out their duties free from interference.

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Parliamentary sovereignty

Parliamentary sovereignty (also called parliamentary supremacy or legislative supremacy) is a concept in the constitutional law of some parliamentary democracies.

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Parliamentary sovereignty in the United Kingdom

Parliamentary sovereignty in the United Kingdom is a concept that has long been debated.

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Pat Finucane

Patrick Finucane (21 March 1949 – 12 February 1989), commonly known as Pat Finucane, was an Irish human rights lawyer killed by loyalist paramilitaries acting in collusion with the British government intelligence service MI5.

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Pat Finucane Centre

The Pat Finucane Centre (PFC) is a human rights advocacy and lobbying entity in Northern Ireland.

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Patrick Magee (Irish republican)

Patrick Joseph Magee (born 1951) is a former Provisional Irish Republican Army (IRA) paramilitary, best known for planting a bomb in the Brighton Grand Hotel targeting Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher and her cabinet, which killed five people.

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Paul Boateng

Paul Yaw Boateng, Baron Boateng (born 14 June 1951) is a British Labour Party politician, who was the Member of Parliament (MP) for Brent South from 1987 to 2005, becoming the UK's first mixed-race Cabinet Minister in May 2002, when he was appointed as Chief Secretary to the Treasury.

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Peace (law)

The legal term peace – sometimes King's peace, Queen's peace or peace of the state – is, or has been, used in the legal systems of many countries to describe specific protections that a system of justice, head of state or legislature provides to persons who are within the boundaries of a specific area (e.g. a courtroom or national borders).

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Peerage

A peerage is a legal system historically comprising hereditary titles in various countries, comprising various noble ranks.

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Pepper (Inspector of Taxes) v Hart

Pepper (Inspector of Taxes) v Hart [1992] UKHL 3, is a landmark decision of the House of Lords on the use of legislative history in statutory interpretation.

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Persecution of Christians

The persecution of Christians can be historically traced from the first century of the Christian era to the present day.

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Personally identifiable information

Personal information, described in United States legal fields as either personally identifiable information (PII), or sensitive personal information (SPI), as used in information security and privacy laws, is information that can be used on its own or with other information to identify, contact, or locate a single person, or to identify an individual in context.

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Peter Smithers

Sir Peter Henry Berry Otway Smithers (9 December 1913 in Yorkshire, England – 8 June 2006 in Vico Morcote, Switzerland) was a United Kingdom Conservative Party politician.

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Peter Taylor, Baron Taylor of Gosforth

Peter Murray Taylor, Baron Taylor of Gosforth, (1 May 1930 – 28 April 1997) was the Lord Chief Justice of England from 1992 until 1996.

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Petition of Right

The Petition of Right is a major English constitutional document that sets out specific liberties of the subject that the king is prohibited from infringing.

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Philippe Sands

Philippe Sands, QC (born 17 October 1960) is British and French lawyer at Matrix Chambers, and Professor of Laws and Director of the Centre on International Courts and Tribunals at University College London.

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Pierre-Henri Teitgen

Pierre-Henri Teitgen (29 May 1908 – 6 April 1997) was a French lawyer, professor and politician.

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Police and Criminal Evidence Act 1984

The Police and Criminal Evidence Act 1984 (PACE) (1984 c. 60) is an Act of Parliament which instituted a legislative framework for the powers of police officers in England and Wales to combat crime, and provided codes of practice for the exercise of those powers.

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Political Parties, Elections and Referendums Act 2000

The Political Parties, Elections and Referendums Act 2000 (c. 41) is an Act of Parliament of the United Kingdom that sets out how political parties, elections and referendums are to be regulated in the United Kingdom.

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Political uniform

A number of political movements have involved their members wearing uniforms, typically as a way of showing their identity in marches and demonstrations.

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Popular sovereignty

Popular sovereignty, or sovereignty of the peoples' rule, is the principle that the authority of a state and its government is created and sustained by the consent of its people, through their elected representatives (Rule by the People), who are the source of all political power.

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Powers of the police in England and Wales

The powers of the police in England and Wales are defined largely by statute law, with the main sources of power being the Police and Criminal Evidence Act 1984 and the Police Act 1996.

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Precedent

In common law legal systems, a precedent, or authority, is a principle or rule established in a previous legal case that is either binding on or persuasive for a court or other tribunal when deciding subsequent cases with similar issues or facts.

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Presumption of innocence

The presumption of innocence is the principle that one is considered innocent unless proven guilty.

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Prevention of Terrorism Act 2005

The Prevention of Terrorism Act 2005 (c 2) was an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom, intended to deal with the Law Lords' ruling of 16 December 2004 that the detention without trial of eight foreigners (known as the 'Belmarsh 8') at HM Prison Belmarsh under Part 4 of the Anti-terrorism, Crime and Security Act 2001 was unlawful, being incompatible with European (and, thus, domestic) human rights laws.

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Primacy of European Union law

The primacy of European Union law (sometimes referred to as supremacy) is an EU law principle that when there is conflict between European law and the law of Member States, European law prevails; the norms of national law have to be set aside.

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Prime minister

A prime minister is the head of a cabinet and the leader of the ministers in the executive branch of government, often in a parliamentary or semi-presidential system.

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Prime Minister of the United Kingdom

The Prime Minister of the United Kingdom is the head of the United Kingdom government.

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Prisoner

A prisoner, (also known as an inmate or detainee) is a person who is deprived of liberty against his or her will.

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Proposed British Bill of Rights

The Proposed British Bill of Rights is a proposal of the Conservative Government, included in their 2015 election manifesto, to replace the Human Rights Act 1998 with a new piece of primary legislation.

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Protection from Eviction Act 1977

Protection from Eviction Act 1977 is an Act of Parliament of the United Kingdom protecting people renting accommodation from losing their homes without the involvement of a court.

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Protocol 12 to the European Convention on Human Rights

Protocol No.

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Provisional Irish Republican Army

The Provisional Irish Republican Army (IRA or Provisional IRA) was an Irish republican revolutionary organisation that sought to end British rule in Northern Ireland, facilitate the reunification of Ireland and bring about an independent socialist republic encompassing all of Ireland.

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Public interest

Public interest is "the welfare or well-being of the general public".

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Public Law (journal)

Public Law is an academic law journal published four times a year by Sweet & Maxwell.

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Public Order Act 1936

The Public Order Act 1936 (1 Edw. 8 & 1 Geo. 6 c. 6) is an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom passed to control extremist political movements in the 1930s such as the British Union of Fascists (BUF).

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Public Order Act 1986

The Public Order Act 1986 (c 64) is an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom.

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Putney Debates

The Putney Debates were a series of discussions between members of the New Model Army – a number of the participants being Levellers – concerning the makeup of a new constitution for Britain.

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Qualified privilege

The defense of qualified privilege permits persons in positions of authority or trust to make statements or relay or report statements that would be considered slander and libel if made by anyone else.

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Quintin Hogg, Baron Hailsham of St Marylebone

Quintin McGarel Hogg, Baron Hailsham of St Marylebone, (9 October 1907 – 12 October 2001), who held the title 2nd Viscount Hailsham from 1950 to 1963, was a British politician known for the length of his career, the vigour with which he campaigned for the Conservative Party, and the influence of his political writing.

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R (Factortame Ltd) v Secretary of State for Transport

R (Factortame Ltd) v Secretary of State for Transport was a judicial review case taken against the United Kingdom government by a company of Spanish fishermen who claimed that the United Kingdom had breached European Union law by requiring ships to have a majority of British owners if they were to be registered in the UK.

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R (Reilly) v Secretary of State for Work and Pensions

R (Reilly and Wilson) v Secretary of State for Work and Pensions is a UK constitutional law and labour law case that found the conduct of the Department for Work and Pensions "workfare" policy was unlawful.

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R v Brown

is a House of Lords judgment in which a group of men were convicted for their involvement in consensual sadomasochistic sexual acts over a 10-year period.

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R v Wang

Regina v Wang (2005) is a legal case, in the criminal law in England and Wales, establishing that a judge in England or in Wales is not entitled to direct, or instruct, order or require, a jury to return a verdict of guilty.

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Race Relations Act 1965

The Race Relations Act 1965 was the first legislation in the United Kingdom to address racial discrimination.

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Race Relations Act 1968

The Race Relations Act 1968 was an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom making it illegal to refuse housing, employment, or public services to a person on the grounds of colour, race, ethnic or national origins.

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Race Relations Act 1976

The Race Relations Act 1976 was established by the Parliament of the United Kingdom to prevent discrimination on the grounds of race.

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Racial and Religious Hatred Act 2006

The Racial and Religious Hatred Act 2006 (c. 1) is an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom which creates an offence in England and Wales of inciting hatred against a person on the grounds of their religion.

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Racial discrimination

Racial discrimination refers to discrimination against individuals on the basis of their race.

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Raidió Teilifís Éireann

Raidió Teilifís Éireann (Radio-Television of Ireland; abbreviated as RTÉ) is a semi-state company and the national public service broadcaster of Ireland.

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Reading (legislature)

A reading of a bill is a debate on the bill held before the general body of a legislature, as opposed to before a committee or an other group.

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Regulation of Investigatory Powers Act 2000

The Regulation of Investigatory Powers Act 2000 (c.23) (RIP or RIPA) is an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom, regulating the powers of public bodies to carry out surveillance and investigation, and covering the interception of communications.

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Representation of the People Act 1983

The Representation of the People Act 1983 (c. 2) is an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom.

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Representation of the People Act 2000

The Representation of the People Act 2000 (c.2) is an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom that changed the British electoral process in the following ways, entailing minor amendments to the Representation of the People Act 1983.

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Republic of Ireland

Ireland (Éire), also known as the Republic of Ireland (Poblacht na hÉireann), is a sovereign state in north-western Europe occupying 26 of 32 counties of the island of Ireland.

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Richard Wilberforce, Baron Wilberforce

Richard Orme Wilberforce, Baron Wilberforce (11 March 1907 – 15 February 2003), was a British judge, most notable for his report into coal miners' pay.

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Right to privacy

The right to privacy is an element of various legal traditions to restrain governmental and private actions that threaten the privacy of individuals.

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Right to silence in England and Wales

The right to silence in England and Wales is the protection given to a person during criminal proceedings from adverse consequences of remaining silent.

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Riot

A riot is a form of civil disorder commonly characterized by a group lashing out in a violent public disturbance against authority, property or people.

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Robert Boothby, Baron Boothby

Robert John Graham Boothby, Baron Boothby, (12 February 1900 – 16 July 1986), often known as Bob Boothby, was a British Conservative politician.

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Robin Cook

Robert Finlayson Cook (28 February 1946 – 6 August 2005) was a Scottish Labour Party politician, who served as the Member of Parliament (MP) for Livingston from 1983 until his death, and served in the Cabinet as Foreign Secretary from 1997 until 2001, when he was replaced by Jack Straw.

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Robin Cooke, Baron Cooke of Thorndon

Robin Brunskill Cooke, Baron Cooke of Thorndon (9 May 1926 – 30 August 2006) was a New Zealand judge and later a British Law Lord and member of the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council.

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Roman Catholic Relief Act 1829

The Roman Catholic Relief Act 1829, passed by Parliament in 1829, was the culmination of the process of Catholic Emancipation throughout the UK.

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Roy Jenkins

Roy Harris Jenkins, Baron Jenkins of Hillhead, (11 November 1920 – 5 January 2003) was a British Labour Party, SDP and Liberal Democrat politician, and biographer of British political leaders.

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Royal assent

Royal assent or sanction is the method by which a country's monarch (possibly through a delegated official) formally approves an act of that nation's parliament.

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Royal Ulster Constabulary

The Royal Ulster Constabulary was the police force in Northern Ireland from 1922 to 2001.

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Rule of law

The rule of law is the "authority and influence of law in society, especially when viewed as a constraint on individual and institutional behavior; (hence) the principle whereby all members of a society (including those in government) are considered equally subject to publicly disclosed legal codes and processes".

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S and Marper v United Kingdom

S and Marper v United Kingdom is a case decided by the European Court of Human Rights which held that holding DNA samples of individuals arrested but who are later acquitted or have the charges against them dropped is a violation of the right to privacy under the European Convention on Human Rights.

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Same-sex marriage in the United Kingdom

Marriage is a devolved issue in the different parts of the United Kingdom, and the status of same-sex marriage is different in England and Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland.

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Saunders v United Kingdom

Saunders v. the United Kingdom was a legal case heard by the European Court of Human Rights regarding the right against self-incrimination and the presumption of innocence as included in the European Convention on Human Rights Article 6 paragraphs 1 and 2.

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School corporal punishment

School corporal punishment refers to causing deliberate pain or discomfort in response to undesired behaviour by students in schools.

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Scotland

Scotland (Alba) is a country that is part of the United Kingdom and covers the northern third of the island of Great Britain.

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Scotland Act 1998

The Scotland Act 1998 (c. 46) is an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom which established the devolved Scottish Parliament with tax varying powers and the Scottish Government (then Scottish Executive).

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Scots law

Scots law is the legal system of Scotland.

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Scottish Human Rights Commission

The Scottish Human Rights Commission (SHRC) is the national human rights institution for Scotland.

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Scottish independence referendum, 2014

A referendum on Scottish independence from the United Kingdom took place on Thursday 18 September 2014.

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Scottish Parliament

The Scottish Parliament (Pàrlamaid na h-Alba; Scots: The Scots Pairlament) is the devolved national, unicameral legislature of Scotland.

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Search warrant

A search warrant is a court order that a magistrate or judge issues to authorize law enforcement officers to conduct a search of a person, location, or vehicle for evidence of a crime and to confiscate any evidence they find.

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Second Cameron ministry

David Cameron formed the second Cameron ministry, the first Conservative Party majority government since 1996, following the 2015 general election after being invited by Queen Elizabeth II to begin a new government.

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Second Major ministry

John Major formed the second Major ministry following the 1992 general election after being invited by Queen Elizabeth II to begin a new government.

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Second Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights

The Second Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, aiming at the abolition of the death penalty is a side agreement to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights.

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Secret ballot

The secret ballot is a voting method in which a voter's choices in an election or a referendum is anonymous, forestalling attempts to influence the voter by intimidation, blackmailing, and potential vote buying.

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Secretary General of the Council of Europe

The Secretary General of the Council of Europe (Secrétaire général du Conseil de l'Europe) is appointed by the Parliamentary Assembly on the recommendation of the Committee of Ministers for a period of five years.

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Secretary of State (United Kingdom)

In the United Kingdom, a secretary of state (SofS) is a Cabinet minister in charge of a government department (though not all departments are headed by a secretary of state, e.g. HM Treasury is headed by the Chancellor of the Exchequer).

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Secretary of State for the Colonies

The Secretary of State for the Colonies or Colonial Secretary was the British Cabinet minister in charge of managing the United Kingdom's various colonial dependencies.

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Section 3 of the Human Rights Act 1998

Section 3 of the Human Rights Act 1998 is a provision of the Human Rights Act 1998 that enables the Act to take effect in the United Kingdom.

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Section 33 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms

Section 33 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms is part of the Constitution of Canada.

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Section 5 Public Order Act 1986

Harassment, alarm or distress is an element of a statutory offence in England and Wales, arising from an expression used in sections 4A and 5 of the Public Order Act 1986, which created the offence.

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Sections 4 and 10 of the Human Rights Act 1998

Sections 4 and 10 of the Human Rights Act 1998 are provisions that enable the Human Rights Act 1998 to take effect in the United Kingdom.

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Secure units for children

Secure Units for Children serve two main purposes.

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Security Service Act 1989

The Security Service Act 1989 (c 5) is an Act of the United Kingdom Parliament.

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Select committee (United Kingdom)

In British politics, parliamentary select committees can be appointed from the House of Commons, like the Foreign Affairs Select Committee, from the House of Lords, like the Delegated Powers and Regulatory Reform Committee, or as a "Joint Committee" drawn from both, such as the Joint Committee on Human Rights.

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Self-incrimination

Self-incrimination is the act of exposing oneself generally, by making a statement "to an accusation or charge of crime; to involve oneself or another in a criminal prosecution or the danger thereof." Self-incrimination can occur either directly or indirectly: directly, by means of interrogation where information of a self-incriminatory nature is disclosed; or indirectly, when information of a self-incriminatory nature is disclosed voluntarily without pressure from another person.

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Sentencing in England and Wales

Sentencing in England and Wales refers to a bench of magistrates or district judge in a Magistrate's Court or a judge in a Crown Court passing sentence on a person found guilty of a criminal offence.

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September 11 attacks

The September 11, 2001 attacks (also referred to as 9/11) were a series of four coordinated terrorist attacks by the Islamic terrorist group al-Qaeda against the United States on the morning of Tuesday, September 11, 2001.

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Serious Organised Crime and Police Act 2005

The Serious Organized Crime and Police Act 2005 (c.15) (often abbreviated to SOCPA) is an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom aimed primarily at creating the Serious Organised Crime Agency.

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Sex Discrimination Act 1975

The Sex Discrimination Act 1975 (c. 65) is an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom which protected men and women from discrimination on the grounds of sex or marital status.

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Simon de Montfort's Parliament

Simon de Montfort's Parliament was an English parliament held from 20 January 1265 until mid-March the same year, instigated by Simon de Montfort, a baronial rebel leader.

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Slavery Abolition Act 1833

The Slavery Abolition Act 1833 (3 & 4 Will. IV c. 73) abolished slavery throughout the British Empire.

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Sleep deprivation

Sleep deprivation is the condition of not having enough sleep; it can be either chronic or acute.

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Social security

Social security is "any government system that provides monetary assistance to people with an inadequate or no income." Social security is enshrined in Article 22 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, which states: Everyone, as a member of society, has the right to social security and is entitled to realization, through national effort and international co-operation and in accordance with the organization and resources of each State, of the economic, social and cultural rights indispensable for his dignity and the free development of his personality.

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Social Security Contributions and Benefits Act 1992

The Social Security Contributions and Benefits Act 1992 is the primary legislation concerning the state retirement provision, accident insurance, statutory sick pay and maternity pay in the United Kingdom.

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Social work

Social work is an academic discipline and profession that concerns itself with individuals, families, groups and communities in an effort to enhance social functioning and overall well-being.

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Soering v United Kingdom

Soering v United Kingdom 161 Eur.

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Solicitor

A solicitor is a legal practitioner who traditionally deals with most of the legal matters in some jurisdictions.

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Soviet Union

The Soviet Union, officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) was a socialist state in Eurasia that existed from 1922 to 1991.

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Special Immigration Appeals Commission

The Special Immigration Appeals Commission (also known by the acronym SIAC) is a superior court of record in the United Kingdom established by the Special Immigration Appeals Commission Act 1997 that deals with appeals from persons deported by the Home Secretary under various statutory powers, and usually related to matters of national security.

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Spycatcher

Spycatcher: The Candid Autobiography of a Senior Intelligence Officer (1987) is a book written by Peter Wright, former MI5 officer and Assistant Director, and co-author Paul Greengrass.

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Stafford Cripps

Sir Richard Stafford Cripps, (24 April 1889 – 21 April 1952) was a British Labour politician of the first half of the twentieth century.

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Starvation

Starvation is a severe deficiency in caloric energy intake, below the level needed to maintain an organism's life.

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State religion

A state religion (also called an established religion or official religion) is a religious body or creed officially endorsed by the state.

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Statute of limitations

Statutes of limitations are laws passed by legislative bodies in common law systems to set the maximum time after an event within which legal proceedings may be initiated.

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Statutory authority

A statutory authority is a body set up by law which is authorised to enact legislation on behalf of the relevant country or state.

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Statutory law

Statutory law or statute law is written law set down by a body of legislature or by a singular legislator (in the case of absolute monarchy).

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Stevens Inquiries

The Stevens Inquiries were three official British government inquiries led by Sir John Stevens concerning collusion in Northern Ireland between loyalist paramilitaries and the state security forces.

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Strike action

Strike action, also called labor strike, labour strike, or simply strike, is a work stoppage caused by the mass refusal of employees to work.

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Succession to the British throne

Succession to the British throne is determined by descent, gender (for people born before October 2011), legitimacy, and religion.

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Succession to the Crown Act 2013

The Succession to the Crown Act 2013 (c. 20) is an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom which altered the laws of succession to the British throne in accordance with the 2011 Perth Agreement.

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Suffrage

Suffrage, political franchise, or simply franchise is the right to vote in public, political elections (although the term is sometimes used for any right to vote).

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Suicide

Suicide is the act of intentionally causing one's own death.

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Suicide Act 1961

The Suicide Act 1961 (9 & 10 Eliz 2 c 60) is an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom.

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Super-injunctions in English law

In English tort law, a super-injunction is a type of injunction that prevents publication of information that is in issue and also prevents the reporting of the fact that the injunction exists at all.

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Supreme Court of the United Kingdom

The Supreme Court of the United Kingdom is the supreme court in all matters under English and Welsh law, Northern Irish law and Scottish civil law.

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Surveillance

Surveillance is the monitoring of behavior, activities, or other changing information for the purpose of influencing, managing, directing, or protecting people.

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Sutherland v United Kingdom

Sutherland v United Kingdom originated as a complaint by Mr Euan Sutherland to the European Commission of Human Rights that the fixing of the minimum age for lawful homosexual activities at 18 rather than 16, as for heterosexual activities, violated his right to respect for private life under Article 8 of the European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms.

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Tax

A tax (from the Latin taxo) is a mandatory financial charge or some other type of levy imposed upon a taxpayer (an individual or other legal entity) by a governmental organization in order to fund various public expenditures.

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Telephone tapping

Telephone tapping (also wire tapping or wiretapping in American English) is the monitoring of telephone and Internet conversations by a third party, often by covert means.

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Terence Higgins, Baron Higgins

Terence Langley Higgins, Baron Higgins, KBE, DL, PC (born 18 January 1928) is a British Conservative politician and Commonwealth Games silver medalist winner for England.

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Terrorism

Terrorism is, in the broadest sense, the use of intentionally indiscriminate violence as a means to create terror among masses of people; or fear to achieve a financial, political, religious or ideological aim.

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Terrorism Act 2000

The Terrorism Act 2000 (c.11) is the first of a number of general Terrorism Acts passed by the Parliament of the United Kingdom.

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Test Act

The Test Acts were a series of English penal laws that served as a religious test for public office and imposed various civil disabilities on Roman Catholics and nonconformists.

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Testimony

In law and in religion, testimony is a solemn attestation as to the truth of a matter.

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Thalidomide

Thalidomide, sold under the brand name Immunoprin, among others, is an immunomodulatory drug and the prototype of the thalidomide class of drugs.

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The Convention on Modern Liberty

The Convention on Modern Liberty is a British voluntary body and programme of the Open Trust, set up in September 2008, that aims to highlight what it sees as the erosion of civil liberties in the UK.

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The Crown

The Crown is the state in all its aspects within the jurisprudence of the Commonwealth realms and their sub-divisions (such as Crown dependencies, provinces, or states).

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The Daily Telegraph

The Daily Telegraph, commonly referred to simply as The Telegraph, is a national British daily broadsheet newspaper published in London by Telegraph Media Group and distributed across the United Kingdom and internationally.

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The Guardian

The Guardian is a British daily newspaper.

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The Independent

The Independent is a British online newspaper.

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The Lawyer

The Lawyer is a monthly British magazine for commercial lawyers and in-house counsel, first published in 1987.

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The Stationery Office

The Stationery Office (TSO) is a British publishing company created in 1996 when the publishing arm of Her Majesty's Stationery Office was privatised.

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The Sunday Times

The Sunday Times is the largest-selling British national newspaper in the "quality press" market category.

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Theresa May

Theresa Mary May (Brasier; born 1 October 1956) is a British politician serving as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom and Leader of the Conservative Party since 2016.

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Third Churchill ministry

Winston Churchill formed the third Churchill ministry in the United Kingdom after the 1951 general election.

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Tom Bingham, Baron Bingham of Cornhill

Thomas Henry Bingham, Baron Bingham of Cornhill (called Tom; 13 October 193311 September 2010), was an eminent British judge and jurist who served as Master of the Rolls, Lord Chief Justice and Senior Law Lord.

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Tom Denning, Baron Denning

Alfred Thompson “Tom” Denning, Baron Denning, (23 January 1899 – 5 March 1999) was an English lawyer and judge.

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Tony Blair

Anthony Charles Lynton Blair (born 6 May 1953) is a British politician who served as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1997 to 2007 and Leader of the Labour Party from 1994 to 2007.

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Torture

Torture (from the Latin tortus, "twisted") is the act of deliberately inflicting physical or psychological pain in order to fulfill some desire of the torturer or compel some action from the victim.

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Trade union

A trade union or trades union, also called a labour union (Canada) or labor union (US), is an organization of workers who have come together to achieve many common goals; such as protecting the integrity of its trade, improving safety standards, and attaining better wages, benefits (such as vacation, health care, and retirement), and working conditions through the increased bargaining power wielded by the creation of a monopoly of the workers.

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Trade Union and Labour Relations (Consolidation) Act 1992

The Trade Union and Labour Relations (Consolidation) Act 1992 is a UK Act of Parliament which regulates British labour law.

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Transsexual

Transsexual people experience a gender identity that is inconsistent with, or not culturally associated with, their assigned sex, and desire to permanently transition to the gender with which they identify, usually seeking medical assistance (including hormone replacement therapy and other sex reassignment therapies) to help them align their body with their identified sex or gender.

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Transubstantiation

Transubstantiation (Latin: transsubstantiatio; Greek: μετουσίωσις metousiosis) is, according to the teachings of the Roman Catholic Church, the change of substance or essence by which the bread and wine offered in the sacrifice of the sacrament of the Eucharist during the Mass, become, in reality, the body and blood of Jesus Christ.

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Treaty of Lisbon

The Treaty of Lisbon (initially known as the Reform Treaty) is an international agreement that amends the two treaties which form the constitutional basis of the European Union (EU).

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Trespass

Trespass is an area of criminal law or tort law broadly divided into three groups: trespass to the person, trespass to chattels and trespass to land.

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Trespass in English law

Trespass in English law is an area of tort law broadly divided into three groups: trespass to the person, trespass to goods and trespass to land.

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Trial

In law, a trial is a coming together of parties to a dispute, to present information (in the form of evidence) in a tribunal, a formal setting with the authority to adjudicate claims or disputes.

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Ulster loyalism

Ulster loyalism is a political ideology found primarily among working class Ulster Protestants in Northern Ireland, whose status as a part of the United Kingdom has remained controversial.

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Ulster Volunteer Force

The Ulster Volunteer Force (UVF) is an Ulster loyalist paramilitary group in Northern Ireland.

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Under-occupancy penalty

The under-occupancy penalty (also known as the under occupation penalty, under-occupancy charge, under-occupation charge or size criteria) is a reform contained in the British Welfare Reform Act 2012 whereby public-housing (also called council or social housing) tenants with rooms deemed to be "spare" face a reduction in Housing Benefit, resulting in them being obliged to fund this reduction from their incomes or face rent arrears and potential eviction by their landlord (be that the local authority or a housing association).

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Unemployment

Unemployment is the situation of actively looking for employment but not being currently employed.

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Unemployment benefits

Unemployment benefits (depending on the jurisdiction also called unemployment insurance or unemployment compensation) are payments made by the state or other authorized bodies to unemployed people.

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Unfair dismissal in the United Kingdom

Unfair dismissal in the United Kingdom is the part of UK labour law that requires fair, just and reasonable treatment by employers in cases where a person's job could be terminated.

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Unfree labour

Unfree labour is a generic or collective term for those work relations, especially in modern or early modern history, in which people are employed against their will with the threat of destitution, detention, violence (including death), compulsion, or other forms of extreme hardship to themselves or members of their families.

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United Kingdom

The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom (UK) or Britain,Usage is mixed with some organisations, including the and preferring to use Britain as shorthand for Great Britain is a sovereign country in western Europe.

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United Kingdom company law

The United Kingdom company law regulates corporations formed under the Companies Act 2006.

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United Kingdom constituencies

In the United Kingdom (UK), each of the electoral areas or divisions called constituencies elect one member to a parliament or assembly, with the exception of European Parliament and Northern Ireland Assembly constituencies which are multi member constituencies.

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United Kingdom general election, 1951

The 1951 United Kingdom general election was held twenty months after the 1950 general election, which the Labour Party had won with a slim majority of just five seats.

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United Kingdom general election, 1964

The 1964 United Kingdom general election was held on 15 October 1964, five years after the previous election, and thirteen years after the Conservative Party, first led by Winston Churchill, had entered power.

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United Kingdom general election, 1992

The 1992 United Kingdom general election was held on Thursday 9 April 1992, to elect 651 members to the House of Commons of the United Kingdom.

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United Kingdom general election, 1997

The 1997 United Kingdom general election was held on Thursday 1 May 1997, five years after the previous election on 9 April 1992, to elect 659 members to the British House of Commons.

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United Kingdom general election, 2010

The 2010 United Kingdom general election was held on Thursday, 6 May 2010, with 45,597,461 registered voters entitled to vote to elect members to the House of Commons.

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United Kingdom general election, 2015

The 2015 United Kingdom general election was held on 7 May 2015 to elect 650 members to the House of Commons.

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United Kingdom labour law

United Kingdom labour law regulates the relations between workers, employers and trade unions.

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United Nations

The United Nations (UN) is an intergovernmental organization tasked to promote international cooperation and to create and maintain international order.

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United Nations Convention against Torture

The Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment (commonly known as the United Nations Convention against Torture (UNCAT)) is an international human rights treaty, under the review of the United Nations, that aims to prevent torture and other acts of cruel, inhuman, or degrading treatment or punishment around the world.

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United Nations Human Rights Council

The United Nations Human Rights Council (UNHRC) is a United Nations body whose mission is to promote and protect human rights around the world.

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Universal Declaration of Human Rights

The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) is a historic document that was adopted by the United Nations General Assembly at its third session on 10 December 1948 as Resolution 217 at the Palais de Chaillot in Paris, France.

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Verrall v Great Yarmouth BC

Verrall v Great Yarmouth BC QB 202 is an land and contract law case on the arbitrary revocation of an agreed, future licence in land for good consideration.

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Vertical effect

Vertical effect refers to, in English law, the way in which the Human Rights Act impacts on the relationship between individual citizens and the state.

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Violent disorder

Violent disorder is a statutory offence in England and Wales.

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Wainwright v Home Office

is an English tort law case concerning the arguments for a tort of privacy, and the action for battery.

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War Damage Act 1965

The War Damage Act 1965 is an Act of United Kingdom Parliament which exempts the Crown from liability in respect of damage to, or destruction of, property caused by acts lawfully done by the Crown during, or in contemplation of the outbreak of, a war in which it is engaged.

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War on Terror

The War on Terror, also known as the Global War on Terrorism, is an international military campaign that was launched by the United States government after the September 11 attacks in the United States in 2001.

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Westphalian sovereignty

Westphalian sovereignty, or state sovereignty, is the principle of international law that each nation-state has exclusive sovereignty over its territory.

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White noise

In signal processing, white noise is a random signal having equal intensity at different frequencies, giving it a constant power spectral density.

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White paper

A white paper is an authoritative report or guide that informs readers concisely about a complex issue and presents the issuing body's philosophy on the matter.

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William Jowitt, 1st Earl Jowitt

William Allen Jowitt, 1st Earl Jowitt, (15 April 1885 – 16 August 1957) was a British Labour politician and lawyer, who served as Lord High Chancellor of Great Britain under Clement Attlee from 1945 to 1951.

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Winston Churchill

Sir Winston Leonard Spencer-Churchill (30 November 187424 January 1965) was a British politician, army officer, and writer, who was Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1940 to 1945 and again from 1951 to 1955.

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Woolmington v DPP

is a landmark House of Lords case, where the presumption of innocence was first articulated in the Commonwealth.

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Workfare in the United Kingdom

In the United Kingdom, "workfare" refers to government workfare policies whereby individuals must undertake work in return for their benefit payments or risk losing them.

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World War II

World War II (often abbreviated to WWII or WW2), also known as the Second World War, was a global war that lasted from 1939 to 1945, although conflicts reflecting the ideological clash between what would become the Allied and Axis blocs began earlier.

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2006 Afghan hijackers case

The Afghan hijackers case refers to a series of United Kingdom judicial rulings in 2006 in which it was ruled a group of nine Afghan men, who had hijacked an aircraft to escape the Taliban, had the right to remain in the UK.

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Redirects here:

Human Rights in the United Kingdom, Human rights abuse in the United Kingdom, Human rights in England, Human rights in Northern Ireland, Human rights in Scotland, Human rights in United Kingdom, Human rights in United Kingdom law, Human rights in Wales, Human rights in britain, Human rights in the UK, Human rights in the uk, Human rights in the united kingdom, Human rights issues in the United Kingdom, Human rights violations in the United Kingdom, Rights Brought Home, UK human rights.

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_rights_in_the_United_Kingdom

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