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Skull

Index Skull

The skull is a bony structure that forms the head in vertebrates. [1]

198 relations: Actinopterygii, Agnatha, Amniote, Amphibian, Anapsid, Ancestor, Anterior cranial fossa, Anthropologist, Antorbital fenestra, Archaeology, Artificial cranial deformation, Ball-peen hammer, Base of skull, Batoidea, Bird, Blood vessel, Bone, Brain, Brain damage, Brainstem, Calvaria (skull), Camel, Cartilage, Cat, Cephalic index, Cephalization, Chondrichthyes, Chondrocranium, Concussion, Condyle (anatomy), Connective tissue, Copper beaten skull, Coppersmith, Coronal suture, Cranial cavity, Craniometry, Craniosynostosis, Crystal skull, Decompressive craniectomy, Dermal bone, Diapsid, Ear, Elephant, Embryology, Endochondral ossification, Endocranium, Epicranium, Ethmoid bone, Eureptilia, Euryapsida, ..., Eye, Face, Facial feminization surgery, Facial skeleton, Fenestra, Fibrous joint, Flat bone, Fontanelle, Foramen, Foramen magnum, Forensic science, Fossa (anatomy), Fox, Franz Joseph Gall, Frontal bone, Gender dysphoria, German Shepherd, Glabella, Great cerebral vein, Great cormorant, Head, Head and neck anatomy, Head injury, Hippopotamus, Holostei, Homology (biology), Horn (anatomy), Human, Human brain, Human head, Human skeleton, Human skull symbolism, Hyoid bone, Hyperostosis, Ichthyosaur, Implant (medicine), Infant, Inferior nasal concha, Infratemporal fenestra, Inner ear, Intracranial pressure, Intramembranous ossification, James McGrigor Allan, Jaw, Jōmon period, Joint, Jugal bone, Killer whale, King cobra, Lacrimal bone, Lambdoid suture, Lamprey, Lateral parts of occipital bone, Latin, List of English words of Old Norse origin, List of foramina of the human body, List of Greek and Latin roots in English, Lungfish, Mammal, Mandible, Mastoid part of the temporal bone, Maxilla, Memento mori, Metric (mathematics), Midden, Middle cranial fossa, Middle ear, Mouse, Mouth, Nasal bone, Nasal cavity, Neolithic, Nerve, Neurocranium, Nose, Occipital bone, Occipital condyles, Olfaction, Orbit (anatomy), Ossicles, Ossification, Osteology, Palate, Palatine bone, Paranasal sinuses, Parietal bone, Parietal eminence, Periosteum, Phrenology, Plagiocephaly, Polymer, Poodle, Posterior cranial fossa, Postorbital bone, Prefrontal bone, Pregnancy, Premaxilla, Process (anatomy), Pseudoscience, Pterygoid bone, Quadratojugal bone, Respiratory epithelium, Rostrum (anatomy), Sagittal suture, Sarcopterygii, Sauropsida, Sensory nervous system, Serengeti National Park, Sexual dimorphism, Shark, Sharpey's fibres, Sinus (anatomy), Skeleton, Skull and crossbones, Skull roof, Sound localization, Sphenoid bone, Spinal cord, Spitalfields, Squamosal bone, Squamosal suture, Squamous part of occipital bone, Stereopsis, Subdural hematoma, Subsquamosal fenestra, Supraorbital ridge, Suture (anatomy), Synapsid, Synarthrosis, Temple (anatomy), Temporal bone, Tetrapod, Therapsid, Totenkopf, Transgender, Trepanning, Ungulate, Vertebra, Vertebrate, Volume rendering, Vomer, Vulture, Wormian bones, Yorick, Zoology, Zygomatic bone, Zygomatic process, 3D printing. Expand index (148 more) »

Actinopterygii

Actinopterygii, or the ray-finned fishes, constitute a class or subclass of the bony fishes.

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Agnatha

Agnatha (Greek, "no jaws") is a superclass of jawless fish in the phylum Chordata, subphylum Vertebrata, consisting of both present (cyclostomes) and extinct (conodonts and ostracoderms) species.

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Amniote

Amniotes (from Greek ἀμνίον amnion, "membrane surrounding the fetus", earlier "bowl in which the blood of sacrificed animals was caught", from ἀμνός amnos, "lamb") are a clade of tetrapod vertebrates comprising the reptiles, birds, and mammals.

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Amphibian

Amphibians are ectothermic, tetrapod vertebrates of the class Amphibia.

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Anapsid

An anapsid is an amniote whose skull does not have openings near the temples.

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Ancestor

An ancestor is a parent or (recursively) the parent of an antecedent (i.e., a grandparent, great-grandparent, great-great-grandparent, and so forth).

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Anterior cranial fossa

The anterior cranial fossa is a depression in the floor of the cranial base which houses the projecting frontal lobes of the brain.

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Anthropologist

An anthropologist is a person engaged in the practice of anthropology.

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Antorbital fenestra

An antorbital fenestra (plural: fenestrae) is an opening in the skull that is in front of the eye sockets.

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Archaeology

Archaeology, or archeology, is the study of humanactivity through the recovery and analysis of material culture.

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Artificial cranial deformation

Artificial cranial deformation or modification, head flattening, or head binding is a form of body alteration in which the skull of a human being is deformed intentionally.

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Ball-peen hammer

A ball-peen (also spelled ball-pein) hammer, also known as a machinist's hammer, is a type of peening hammer used in metalworking.

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Base of skull

The base of skull is the most inferior area of the skull.

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Batoidea

Batoidea is a superorder of cartilaginous fish commonly known as rays.

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Bird

Birds, also known as Aves, are a group of endothermic vertebrates, characterised by feathers, toothless beaked jaws, the laying of hard-shelled eggs, a high metabolic rate, a four-chambered heart, and a strong yet lightweight skeleton.

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Blood vessel

The blood vessels are the part of the circulatory system, and microcirculation, that transports blood throughout the human body.

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Bone

A bone is a rigid organ that constitutes part of the vertebrate skeleton.

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Brain

The brain is an organ that serves as the center of the nervous system in all vertebrate and most invertebrate animals.

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Brain damage

Brain damage or brain injury (BI) is the destruction or degeneration of brain cells.

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Brainstem

The brainstem (or brain stem) is the posterior part of the brain, adjoining and structurally continuous with the spinal cord.

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Calvaria (skull)

The calvaria or skullcap (feminine Latin noun with plural calvariae; however, many medical texts list the word as calvarium, neuter Latin noun with plural calvaria) is the upper part of the neurocranium and covers the cranial cavity containing the brain.

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Camel

A camel is an even-toed ungulate in the genus Camelus that bears distinctive fatty deposits known as "humps" on its back.

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Cartilage

Cartilage is a resilient and smooth elastic tissue, a rubber-like padding that covers and protects the ends of long bones at the joints, and is a structural component of the rib cage, the ear, the nose, the bronchial tubes, the intervertebral discs, and many other body components.

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Cat

The domestic cat (Felis silvestris catus or Felis catus) is a small, typically furry, carnivorous mammal.

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Cephalic index

The cephalic index or cranial index is the ratio of the maximum width (bipareital diameter or BPD, side to side) of the head of an organism (human or animal) multiplied by 100 divided by its maximum length (occipitofrontal diameter or OFD, front to back).

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Cephalization

Cephalization is an evolutionary trend in which, over many generations, the mouth, sense organs, and nerve ganglia become concentrated at the front end of an animal, producing a head region.

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Chondrichthyes

Chondrichthyes (from Greek χονδρ- chondr- 'cartilage', ἰχθύς ichthys 'fish') is a class that contains the cartilaginous fishes: they are jawed vertebrates with paired fins, paired nares, scales, a heart with its chambers in series, and skeletons made of cartilage rather than bone.

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Chondrocranium

The chondrocranium (or cartilaginous neurocranium) is the primitive cartilaginous skeletal structure of the fetal skull that grows to envelop the rapidly growing embryonic brain.

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Concussion

Concussion, also known as mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) is typically defined as a head injury that temporarily affects brain functioning.

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Condyle (anatomy)

A condyle (or; condylus, from kondylos; κόνδυλος knuckle) is the round prominence at the end of a bone, most often part of a joint - an articulation with another bone.

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Connective tissue

Connective tissue (CT) is one of the four basic types of animal tissue, along with epithelial tissue, muscle tissue, and nervous tissue.

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Copper beaten skull

Copper beaten skull is a phenomenon wherein intense intracranial pressure disfigures the internal surface of the skull.

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Coppersmith

A coppersmith, also known as a brazier, is a person who makes artifacts from copper and brass.

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Coronal suture

The coronal suture is a dense, fibrous connective tissue joint that separates the frontal and parietal bones of the skull.

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Cranial cavity

The cranial cavity, also known as intracranial space, is the space within the skull.

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Craniometry

Craniometry is measurement of the cranium (the main part of the skull), usually the human cranium.

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Craniosynostosis

Craniosynostosis (from cranio, cranium; + syn, together; + ostosis relating to bone) is a condition in which one or more of the fibrous sutures in an infant (very young) skull prematurely fuses by turning into bone (ossification), thereby changing the growth pattern of the skull.

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Crystal skull

The crystal skulls are human skull hardstone carvings made of clear or milky white quartz (also called "rock crystal"), claimed to be pre-Columbian Mesoamerican artifacts by their alleged finders; however, these claims have been refuted for all of the specimens made available for scientific studies.

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Decompressive craniectomy

Decompressive craniectomy (crani- + -ectomy) is a neurosurgical procedure in which part of the skull is removed to allow a swelling brain room to expand without being squeezed.

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Dermal bone

A dermal bone or membrane bone is a bony structure derived from intramembranous ossification forming components of the vertebrate skeleton including much of the skull, jaws, gill covers, shoulder girdle and fin spines rays (lepidotrichia), and the shell (of tortoises and turtles).

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Diapsid

Diapsids ("two arches") are a group of amniote tetrapods that developed two holes (temporal fenestra) in each side of their skulls about 300 million years ago during the late Carboniferous period.

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Ear

The ear is the organ of hearing and, in mammals, balance.

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Elephant

Elephants are large mammals of the family Elephantidae and the order Proboscidea.

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Embryology

Embryology (from Greek ἔμβρυον, embryon, "the unborn, embryo"; and -λογία, -logia) is the branch of biology that studies the prenatal development of gametes (sex cells), fertilization, and development of embryos and fetuses.

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Endochondral ossification

Endochondral ossification is one of the two essential processes during fetal development of the mammalian skeletal system by which bone tissue is created.

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Endocranium

The endocranium in comparative anatomy is a part of the skull base in vertebrates and it represents the basal, inner part of the cranium.

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Epicranium

The Epicranium is the medical term for the collection of structures covering the cranium.

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Ethmoid bone

The ethmoid bone (from Greek ethmos, "sieve") is an unpaired bone in the skull that separates the nasal cavity from the brain.

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Eureptilia

Eureptilia ("true reptiles") is one of the two major clades of the Sauropsida, the other being Parareptilia.

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Euryapsida

Euryapsida is a polyphyletic (unnatural, as the various members are not closely related) group of reptiles that are distinguished by a single temporal fossa, an opening behind the orbit, under which the post-orbital and squamosal bones articulate.

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Eye

Eyes are organs of the visual system.

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Face

The face is a central body region of sense and is also very central in the expression of emotion among humans and among numerous other species.

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Facial feminization surgery

Facial feminization surgery (FFS) is a set of cosmetic surgical procedures that alter typically male facial features to bring them closer in shape and size to typical female facial features.

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Facial skeleton

The facial skeleton comprises the facial bones that may attach to form a portion of the skull.

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Fenestra

A fenestra (plural fenestrae) in anatomy, zoology and biology, is any small opening or pore.

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Fibrous joint

Fibrous joints are connected by dense connective tissue, consisting mainly of collagen.

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Flat bone

Flat bones are bones whose principal function is either extensive protection or the provision of broad surfaces for muscular attachment.

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Fontanelle

A fontanelle (or fontanel) (colloquially, soft spot) is an anatomical feature of the infant human skull comprising any of the soft membranous gaps (sutures) between the cranial bones that make up the calvaria of a fetus or an infant.

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Foramen

In anatomy, a foramen (pl. foramina) is any opening.

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Foramen magnum

The foramen magnum (great hole) is a large oval opening (foramen) in the occipital bone of the skull in humans and various other animals.

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Forensic science

Forensic science is the application of science to criminal and civil laws, mainly—on the criminal side—during criminal investigation, as governed by the legal standards of admissible evidence and criminal procedure.

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Fossa (anatomy)

In anatomy, a fossa (plural fossae; from the Latin "fossa", ditch or trench) is a depression or hollow, usually in a bone, such as the hypophyseal fossa (the depression in the sphenoid bone).

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Fox

Foxes are small-to-medium-sized, omnivorous mammals belonging to several genera of the family Canidae.

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Franz Joseph Gall

Franz Josef Gall (9 March 175822 August 1828) was a neuroanatomist, physiologist, and pioneer in the study of the localization of mental functions in the brain.

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Frontal bone

The frontal bone is a bone in the human skull.

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Gender dysphoria

Gender dysphoria (GD), or gender identity disorder (GID), is the distress a person experiences as a result of the sex and gender they were assigned at birth.

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German Shepherd

The German Shepherd (Deutscher Schäferhund) is a breed of medium to large-sized working dog that originated in Germany.

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Glabella

The glabella, in humans, is the skin between the eyebrows and above the nose.

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Great cerebral vein

The great cerebral vein is one of the large blood vessels in the skull draining the cerebrum of the brain.

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Great cormorant

The great cormorant (Phalacrocorax carbo), known as the great black cormorant across the Northern Hemisphere, the black cormorant in Australia, the large cormorant in India and the black shag further south in New Zealand, is a widespread member of the cormorant family of seabirds.

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Head

A head is the part of an organism which usually includes the eyes, ears, nose, and mouth, each of which aid in various sensory functions such as sight, hearing, smell, and taste, respectively.

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Head and neck anatomy

This article describes the anatomy of the head and neck of the human body, including the brain, bones, muscles, blood vessels, nerves, glands, nose, mouth, teeth, tongue, and throat.

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Head injury

A head injury is any injury that results in trauma to the skull or brain.

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Hippopotamus

The common hippopotamus (Hippopotamus amphibius), or hippo, is a large, mostly herbivorous, semiaquatic mammal native to sub-Saharan Africa, and one of only two extant species in the family Hippopotamidae, the other being the pygmy hippopotamus (Choeropsis liberiensis or Hexaprotodon liberiensis).

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Holostei

Holostei are bony fish.

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Homology (biology)

In biology, homology is the existence of shared ancestry between a pair of structures, or genes, in different taxa.

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Horn (anatomy)

A horn is a permanent pointed projection on the head of various animals consisting of a covering of keratin and other proteins surrounding a core of live bone.

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Human

Humans (taxonomically Homo sapiens) are the only extant members of the subtribe Hominina.

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Human brain

The human brain is the central organ of the human nervous system, and with the spinal cord makes up the central nervous system.

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Human head

In human anatomy, the head is the upper portion of the human body.

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Human skeleton

The human skeleton is the internal framework of the body.

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Human skull symbolism

Skull symbolism is the attachment of symbolic meaning to the human skull.

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Hyoid bone

The hyoid bone (lingual bone or tongue-bone) is a horseshoe-shaped bone situated in the anterior midline of the neck between the chin and the thyroid cartilage.

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Hyperostosis

Hyperostosis is an excessive growth of bone.

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Ichthyosaur

Ichthyosaurs (Greek for "fish lizard" – ιχθυς or ichthys meaning "fish" and σαυρος or sauros meaning "lizard") are large marine reptiles.

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Implant (medicine)

An implant is a medical device manufactured to replace a missing biological structure, support a damaged biological structure, or enhance an existing biological structure.

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Infant

An infant (from the Latin word infans, meaning "unable to speak" or "speechless") is the more formal or specialised synonym for "baby", the very young offspring of a human.

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Inferior nasal concha

The inferior nasal concha (inferior turbinated bone or inferior turbinal/turbinate) is one of the turbinates in the nose.

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Infratemporal fenestra

An infratemporal fenestra, also called the lateral temporal fenestra is an opening in the skull behind the orbit in some animals.

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Inner ear

The inner ear (internal ear, auris interna) is the innermost part of the vertebrate ear.

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Intracranial pressure

Intracranial pressure (ICP) is the pressure inside the skull and thus in the brain tissue and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).

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Intramembranous ossification

Intramembranous ossification is one of the two essential processes during fetal development of the gnathostome (excluding chondrichthyans such as sharks) skeletal system by which rudimentary bone tissue is created.

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James McGrigor Allan

James McGrigor Allan (1827 - after 1890) was a British anthropologist and writer.

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Jaw

The jaw is any opposable articulated structure at the entrance of the mouth, typically used for grasping and manipulating food.

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Jōmon period

The is the time in Japanese prehistory, traditionally dated between 14,000–300 BCE, recently refined to about 1000 BCE, during which Japan was inhabited by a hunter-gatherer culture, which reached a considerable degree of sedentism and cultural complexity.

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Joint

A joint or articulation (or articular surface) is the connection made between bones in the body which link the skeletal system into a functional whole.

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Jugal bone

The jugal is a skull bone found in most reptiles, amphibians and birds.

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Killer whale

| status.

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King cobra

The king cobra (Ophiophagus hannah), also known as the hamadryad, is a venomous snake species in the family Elapidae, endemic to forests from India through Southeast Asia.

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Lacrimal bone

The lacrimal bone is the smallest and most fragile bone of the skull and face; it is roughly the size of the little fingernail.

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Lambdoid suture

The lambdoid suture (or lambdoidal suture) is a dense, fibrous connective tissue joint on the posterior aspect of the skull that connects the parietal bones with the occipital bone.

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Lamprey

Lampreys (sometimes also called, inaccurately, lamprey eels) are an ancient lineage of jawless fish of the order Petromyzontiformes, placed in the superclass Cyclostomata.

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Lateral parts of occipital bone

The lateral parts of the occipital bone (also called the exoccipitals) are situated at the sides of the foramen magnum; on their under surfaces are the condyles for articulation with the superior facets of the atlas.

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Latin

Latin (Latin: lingua latīna) is a classical language belonging to the Italic branch of the Indo-European languages.

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List of English words of Old Norse origin

Words of Old Norse origin have entered the English language, primarily from the contact between Old Norse and Old English during colonisation of eastern and northern England between the mid 9th to the 11th centuries (see also Danelaw).

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List of foramina of the human body

This page lists foramina that occur in the human body.

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List of Greek and Latin roots in English

The English language uses many Greek and Latin roots, stems, and prefixes.

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Lungfish

Lungfish are freshwater rhipidistian fish belonging to the subclass Dipnoi.

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Mammal

Mammals are the vertebrates within the class Mammalia (from Latin mamma "breast"), a clade of endothermic amniotes distinguished from reptiles (including birds) by the possession of a neocortex (a region of the brain), hair, three middle ear bones, and mammary glands.

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Mandible

The mandible, lower jaw or jawbone is the largest, strongest and lowest bone in the human face.

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Mastoid part of the temporal bone

The mastoid part of the temporal bone is the back part of the temporal bone.

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Maxilla

The maxilla (plural: maxillae) in animals is the upper jawbone formed from the fusion of two maxillary bones.

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Memento mori

Memento mori (Latin: "remember that you have to die"), Oxford English Dictionary, Third Edition, June 2001.

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Metric (mathematics)

In mathematics, a metric or distance function is a function that defines a distance between each pair of elements of a set.

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Midden

A midden (also kitchen midden or shell heap) is an old dump for domestic waste which may consist of animal bone, human excrement, botanical material, mollusc shells, sherds, lithics (especially debitage), and other artifacts and ecofacts associated with past human occupation.

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Middle cranial fossa

The middle cranial fossa, deeper than the anterior cranial fossa, is narrow medially and widens laterally to the sides of the skull.

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Middle ear

The middle ear is the portion of the ear internal to the eardrum, and external to the oval window of the inner ear.

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Mouse

A mouse (Mus), plural mice, is a small rodent characteristically having a pointed snout, small rounded ears, a body-length scaly tail and a high breeding rate.

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Mouth

In animal anatomy, the mouth, also known as the oral cavity, buccal cavity, or in Latin cavum oris, is the opening through which many animals take in food and issue vocal sounds.

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Nasal bone

The nasal bones are two small oblong bones, varying in size and form in different individuals; they are placed side by side at the middle and upper part of the face, and form, by their junction, "the bridge" of the nose.

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Nasal cavity

The nasal cavity (nasal fossa, or nasal passage) is a large air filled space above and behind the nose in the middle of the face.

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Neolithic

The Neolithic was a period in the development of human technology, beginning about 10,200 BC, according to the ASPRO chronology, in some parts of Western Asia, and later in other parts of the world and ending between 4500 and 2000 BC.

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Nerve

A nerve is an enclosed, cable-like bundle of axons (nerve fibers, the long and slender projections of neurons) in the peripheral nervous system.

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Neurocranium

In human anatomy, the neurocranium, also known as the braincase, brainpan, or brain-pan is the upper and back part of the skull, which forms a protective case around the brain.

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Nose

A nose is a protuberance in vertebrates that houses the nostrils, or nares, which receive and expel air for respiration alongside the mouth.

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Occipital bone

The occipital bone is a cranial dermal bone, and is the main bone of the occiput (back and lower part of the skull).

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Occipital condyles

The occipital condyles are undersurface protuberances of the occipital bone in vertebrates, which function in articulation with the superior facets of the atlas vertebra.

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Olfaction

Olfaction is a chemoreception that forms the sense of smell.

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Orbit (anatomy)

In anatomy, the orbit is the cavity or socket of the skull in which the eye and its appendages are situated.

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Ossicles

The ossicles (also called auditory ossicles) are three bones in either middle ear that are among the smallest bones in the human body.

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Ossification

Ossification (or osteogenesis) in bone remodeling is the process of laying down new bone material by cells called osteoblasts.

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Osteology

Osteology is the scientific study of bones, practiced by osteologists.

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Palate

The palate is the roof of the mouth in humans and other mammals.

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Palatine bone

The palatine bones are two irregular bones of the facial skeleton in many animal species.

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Paranasal sinuses

Paranasal sinuses are a group of four paired air-filled spaces that surround the nasal cavity.

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Parietal bone

The parietal bones are two bones in the human skull which, when joined together at a fibrous joint, form the sides and roof of the cranium.

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Parietal eminence

The external surface of the parietal bone is convex, smooth, and marked near the center by an eminence, the parietal eminence (parietal tuber), which indicates the point where ossification commenced.

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Periosteum

The periosteum is a membrane that covers the outer surface of all bones, except at the joints of long bones.

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Phrenology

Phrenology is a pseudomedicine primarily focused on measurements of the human skull, based on the concept that the brain is the organ of the mind, and that certain brain areas have localized, specific functions or modules.

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Plagiocephaly

Plagiocephaly, also known as flat head syndrome, is a condition characterized by an asymmetrical distortion (flattening of one side) of the skull.

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Polymer

A polymer (Greek poly-, "many" + -mer, "part") is a large molecule, or macromolecule, composed of many repeated subunits.

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Poodle

The poodle is a group of formal dog breeds, the Standard Poodle, Miniature Poodle and Toy Poodle.

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Posterior cranial fossa

The posterior cranial fossa is part of the cranial cavity, located between the foramen magnum and tentorium cerebelli.

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Postorbital bone

The postorbital is one of the bones in vertebrate skulls which forms a portion of the dermal skull roof and, sometimes, a ring about the orbit.

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Prefrontal bone

The prefrontal bone is a bone separating the lacrimal and frontal bones in many tetrapod skulls.

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Pregnancy

Pregnancy, also known as gestation, is the time during which one or more offspring develops inside a woman.

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Premaxilla

The premaxilla (or praemaxilla) is one of a pair of small cranial bones at the very tip of the upper jaw of many animals, usually, but not always, bearing teeth.

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Process (anatomy)

In anatomy, a process (processus) is a projection or outgrowth of tissue from a larger body.

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Pseudoscience

Pseudoscience consists of statements, beliefs, or practices that are claimed to be both scientific and factual, but are incompatible with the scientific method.

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Pterygoid bone

The pterygoid is a paired bone forming part of the palate of many vertebrates, behind the palatine bones.

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Quadratojugal bone

The quadratojugal is a small jaw bone that is present in most amphibians, reptiles and birds, but has been lost in mammals.

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Respiratory epithelium

Respiratory epithelium is a type of ciliated epithelium found lining most of the respiratory tract, where it serves to moisten and protect the airways.

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Rostrum (anatomy)

In anatomy, the term rostrum (from the Latin rostrum meaning beak) is used for a number of phylogenetically unrelated structures in different groups of animals.

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Sagittal suture

The sagittal suture is a dense, fibrous connective tissue joint between the two parietal bones of the skull.

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Sarcopterygii

The Sarcopterygii or lobe-finned fish (from Greek σαρξ sarx, flesh, and πτερυξ pteryx, fin) – sometimes considered synonymous with Crossopterygii ("fringe-finned fish", from Greek κροσσός krossos, fringe) – constitute a clade (traditionally a class or subclass) of the bony fish, though a strict cladistic view includes the terrestrial vertebrates.

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Sauropsida

Sauropsida ("lizard faces") is a group of amniotes that includes all existing birds and other reptiles as well as their fossil ancestors and other extinct relatives.

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Sensory nervous system

The sensory nervous system is a part of the nervous system responsible for processing sensory information.

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Serengeti National Park

The Serengeti National Park is a Tanzanian national park in the Serengeti ecosystem in the Mara and Simiyu regions.

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Sexual dimorphism

Sexual dimorphism is the condition where the two sexes of the same species exhibit different characteristics beyond the differences in their sexual organs.

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Shark

Sharks are a group of elasmobranch fish characterized by a cartilaginous skeleton, five to seven gill slits on the sides of the head, and pectoral fins that are not fused to the head.

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Sharpey's fibres

Sharpey's fibres (bone fibres, or perforating fibres) are a matrix of connective tissue consisting of bundles of strong predominantly type I collagen fibres connecting periosteum to bone.

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Sinus (anatomy)

A sinus is a sac or cavity in any organ or tissue, or an abnormal cavity or passage caused by the destruction of tissue.

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Skeleton

The skeleton is the body part that forms the supporting structure of an organism.

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Skull and crossbones

Skull and crossbones is a symbol of a human skull with two long bones crossed below it.

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Skull roof

The skull roof, or the roofing bones of the skull, are a set of bones covering the brain, eyes and nostrils in bony fishes and all land-living vertebrates.

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Sound localization

Sound localization is a listener's ability to identify the location or origin of a detected sound in direction and distance.

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Sphenoid bone

The sphenoid bone is an unpaired bone of the neurocranium. It is situated in the middle of the skull towards the front, in front of the temporal bone and the basilar part of the occipital bone. The sphenoid bone is one of the seven bones that articulate to form the orbit. Its shape somewhat resembles that of a butterfly or bat with its wings extended.

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Spinal cord

The spinal cord is a long, thin, tubular bundle of nervous tissue and support cells that extends from the medulla oblongata in the brainstem to the lumbar region of the vertebral column.

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Spitalfields

Spitalfields is an inner city district and former parish in the East End of London, Central London in the London Borough of Tower Hamlets and is near Liverpool Street station and Brick Lane.

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Squamosal bone

The squamosal is a bone of the head of higher vertebrates.

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Squamosal suture

The squamosal suture, or squamous suture, arches backward from the pterion and connects the temporal squama with the lower border of the parietal bone: this suture is continuous behind with the short, nearly horizontal parietomastoid suture, which unites the mastoid process of the temporal with the region of the mastoid angle of the parietal bone.

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Squamous part of occipital bone

The squamous part of occipital bone, is situated above and behind the foramen magnum, and is curved from above downward and from side to side.

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Stereopsis

Stereopsis (from the Greek στερεο- stereo- meaning "solid", and ὄψις opsis, "appearance, sight") is a term that is most often used to refer to the perception of depth and 3-dimensional structure obtained on the basis of visual information deriving from two eyes by individuals with normally developed binocular vision.

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Subdural hematoma

A subdural hematoma (SDH), is a type of hematoma, usually associated with traumatic brain injury.

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Subsquamosal fenestra

In some rodents, the subsquamosal fenestra is an opening between two parts of the squamosal bone, at the back of the skull.

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Supraorbital ridge

The supraorbital ridge or brow ridge, known as superciliary arches in medicine, refers to a bony ridge located above the eye sockets of all primates.

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Suture (anatomy)

In anatomy, a suture is a fairly rigid joint between two or more hard elements of an organism, with or without significant overlap of the elements.

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Synapsid

Synapsids (Greek, 'fused arch'), synonymous with theropsids (Greek, 'beast-face'), are a group of animals that includes mammals and every animal more closely related to mammals than to other living amniotes.

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Synarthrosis

A synarthrosis is a type of joint which permits very little or no movement under normal conditions.

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Temple (anatomy)

Temple indicates the side of the head behind the eyes.

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Temporal bone

The temporal bones are situated at the sides and base of the skull, and lateral to the temporal lobes of the cerebral cortex.

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Tetrapod

The superclass Tetrapoda (from Greek: τετρα- "four" and πούς "foot") contains the four-limbed vertebrates known as tetrapods; it includes living and extinct amphibians, reptiles (including dinosaurs, and its subgroup birds) and mammals (including primates, and all hominid subgroups including humans), as well as earlier extinct groups.

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Therapsid

Therapsida is a group of synapsids that includes mammals and their ancestors.

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Totenkopf

Totenkopf (i.e. skull, literally dead's head) is the German word for the skull and crossbones and death's head symbols.

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Transgender

Transgender people have a gender identity or gender expression that differs from their assigned sex.

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Trepanning

Trepanning, also known as trepanation, trephination, trephining or making a burr hole (the verb trepan derives from Old French from Medieval Latin trepanum from Greek trypanon, literally "borer, auger") is a surgical intervention in which a hole is drilled or scraped into the human skull, exposing the dura mater to treat health problems related to intracranial diseases or release pressured blood buildup from an injury.

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Ungulate

Ungulates (pronounced) are any members of a diverse group of primarily large mammals that includes odd-toed ungulates such as horses and rhinoceroses, and even-toed ungulates such as cattle, pigs, giraffes, camels, deer, and hippopotami.

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Vertebra

In the vertebrate spinal column, each vertebra is an irregular bone with a complex structure composed of bone and some hyaline cartilage, the proportions of which vary according to the segment of the backbone and the species of vertebrate.

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Vertebrate

Vertebrates comprise all species of animals within the subphylum Vertebrata (chordates with backbones).

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Volume rendering

In scientific visualization and computer graphics, volume rendering is a set of techniques used to display a 2D projection of a 3D discretely sampled data set, typically a 3D scalar field.

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Vomer

The vomer is one of the unpaired facial bones of the skull.

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Vulture

A vulture is a scavenging bird of prey.

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Wormian bones

Wormian bones, also known as intra sutural bones, are extra bone pieces that can occur within a suture (joint) in the cranium.

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Yorick

Yorick is a character in William Shakespeare's play Hamlet.

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Zoology

Zoology or animal biology is the branch of biology that studies the animal kingdom, including the structure, embryology, evolution, classification, habits, and distribution of all animals, both living and extinct, and how they interact with their ecosystems.

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Zygomatic bone

In the human skull, the zygomatic bone (cheekbone or malar bone) is a paired bone which articulates with the maxilla, the temporal bone, the sphenoid bone and the frontal bone.

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Zygomatic process

Each Zygomatic process is the part of a bone which articulates with the zygomatic bone.

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3D printing

3D printing is any of various processes in which material is joined or solidified under computer control to create a three-dimensional object, with material being added together (such as liquid molecules or powder grains being fused together).

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References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skull

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