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Index of Egypt-related articles

Index Index of Egypt-related articles

Articles related to Egypt include. [1]

852 relations: Aaru, Ababda people, Abaza family, Abbas Helmi I of Egypt, Abbas Helmi II of Egypt, Abbasid Caliphate, Abd El-Razzak El-Sanhuri, Abu Gorab, Abu Hafs al-Masri Brigades, Abu Qir, Abu Qir Bay, Abu Simbel, Abusir, Abydos, Egypt, Abyssinian cat, Achaemenid Empire, Adze, Aegyptus, Africa, African Union, Ahmed Zewail, Ahmes, Ahmose (queen), Ahmose, son of Ebana, Ahmose-Nefertari, Aker (deity), Akhenaten, Akhnaten (opera), Al-Ahram, Al-Azhar University, Al-Jama'a al-Islamiyya, Alexander Helios, Alexander the Great, Alexandria, Alexandria Regional Center for Women's Health and Development, Alexandrian text-type, Amarna, Amarna art, Amarna letters, Amasis II, Ambrose of Alexandria, Amduat, Ammit, Ammon, Amr Diab, Amr Moussa, Amun, Amunet, Ancient Egypt, Ancient Egyptian concept of the soul, ..., Ancient Egyptian funerary texts, Ancient Egyptian mathematics, Ancient Egyptian medicine, Ancient Egyptian religion, Ancient Egyptian royal titulary, Ancient Near East, Andjety, Ankh, Ankhesenamun, Ankhesenpaaten Tasherit, Antony and Cleopatra, Anubis, Anuket, Anwar Sadat, Apep, Apis (deity), Apries, ArabDev, Arish, Arsinoe (Gulf of Suez), Arsinoe I, Arsinoe II, Arsinoe III of Egypt, Arsinoe IV of Egypt, Arsinoe of Macedon, Ash (deity), Aswan, Aswan Dam, Asyut, Aten, Atenism, Athanasius of Alexandria, Atum, Auguste Mariette, Avaris, Étienne-Louis Malus, Ba-Pef, Babi (mythology), Badari culture, Baggush Box, Bahariya Oasis, Bakenranef, Bastet, Bat (goddess), Bata (god), Battle of Actium, Battle of Alexandria, Battle of Kadesh, Battle of Megiddo (15th century BC), Battle of Navarino, Battle of the Nile, Bay (chancellor), Bebiankh, Bedouin, Benben, Beni Hasan, Bennu, Bent Pyramid, Berenice I of Egypt, Berenice II of Egypt, Berenice III of Egypt, Bernardino Drovetti, Bes, Bibliotheca Alexandrina, Bintanath, Block statue, Book of Exodus, Book of Gates, Book of the Dead, Boundary Stelae of Akhenaten, Brook of Egypt, Bubastis, Buhen, Busiris (Lower Egypt), Buto, Caesarion, Cairo, Cairo Geniza, Cairo Metro, Cairo Tower, Cambyses II, Camp David Accords, Canopic jar, Canopus, Egypt, Cartouche, Cataracts of the Nile, Chapelle Rouge, Chariot, Children of Gebelawi, Cinema of Egypt, Cleitarchus, Clement of Alexandria, Cleopatra, Cleopatra (1934 film), Cleopatra (1963 film), Cleopatra (miniseries), Cleopatra I Syra, Cleopatra II of Egypt, Cleopatra III of Egypt, Cleopatra IV of Egypt, Cleopatra Selene II, Cleopatra Selene of Syria, Cleopatra Thea, Cleopatra V of Egypt, Cleopatra VI of Egypt, Climate of Egypt, Codex Sinaiticus, Coffin Texts, Colossi of Memnon, Constantin François de Chassebœuf, comte de Volney, Coptic alphabet, Coptic architecture, Coptic art, Coptic Cairo, Coptic language, Coptic literature, Coptic monasticism, Coptic Orthodox Church of Alexandria, Corniche, Corvée, Crossing the Red Sea, Culture of Egypt, Cusae, Cyrenaica, Cyril of Alexandria, Dahshur, Dakhla Oasis, Dalida, Damnatio memoriae, Danaus chrysippus, Darius I, Darius II, Darius the Great's Suez Inscriptions, David Rohl, DB320, Decree of Canopus, Dedumose I, Dedun, Deir el-Bahari, Deir el-Medina, Demographics of Egypt, Demotic (Egyptian), Den (pharaoh), Dionysus-Osiris, Divine Adoratrice of Amun, Djed, Djedefre, Djediufankh, Djedkare Isesi, Djedptahiufankh, Djehuti, Djer, Djet, Djoser, Dodi Fayed, Duat, Earl of Carnarvon, Early Dynastic Period (Egypt), Ebers Papyrus, Economy of Egypt, Edfu, Edwin Smith Papyrus, Eftekasat, Egypt, Egypt (Roman province), Egypt during World War II, Egypt in the Middle Ages, Egypt–Ethiopia relations, Egypt–Israel Peace Treaty, Egyptian Arabic, Egyptian Armed Forces, Egyptian astrology, Egyptian astronomy, Egyptian calendar, Egyptian chronology, Egyptian Civil Code, Egyptian cuisine, Egyptian diaspora, Egyptian faience, Egyptian hieroglyphs, Egyptian Islamic Jihad, Egyptian language, Egyptian Museum, Egyptian numerals, Egyptian pyramids, Egyptian Revival architecture, Egyptians, Egyptology, Eighteenth Dynasty of Egypt, Eighteenth Dynasty of Egypt family tree, Eighth Dynasty of Egypt, El Alamein, El Hiba, El Kab, El Lahun, El Mahalla El Kubra, El Qurn, Elephantine, Elephantine papyri, Eleventh Dynasty of Egypt, Embalming, Ennead, Eratosthenes, Erwin Rommel, Esna, Euclid, Eye of Horus, Faience, Faiyum, Family tree of the Twenty-first, Twenty-second, and Twenty-third Dynasties of Egypt, Farafra, Egypt, Farouk of Egypt, Fatimid Caliphate, Fawzia Fuad of Egypt, Fifi Abdou, Fifteenth Dynasty of Egypt, Fifth Dynasty of Egypt, First Battle of El Alamein, First Dynasty of Egypt, First Intermediate Period of Egypt, Flinders Petrie, Foreign relations of Egypt, Four sons of Horus, Fourteenth Dynasty of Egypt, Fourth Dynasty of Egypt, Fourth Dynasty of Egypt family tree, François-Paul Brueys d'Aigalliers, French campaign in Egypt and Syria, Fuad I of Egypt, Fuad II of Egypt, Fustat, Gamal Abdel Nasser, Gamal Mubarak, Gaston Maspero, Gates of Cairo, Geb, Geography of Egypt, Georg Ebers, Geriatric medicine in Egypt, Gerzeh culture, Gilukhipa, Giza, Giza pyramid complex, God's Wife of Amun, Governorates of Egypt, Great Hymn to the Aten, Great Pyramid of Giza, Great Sand Sea, Great Sphinx of Giza, Hapi (Nile god), Harsiese A, Harsiese B, Hassan Allam, Hathor, Hatmehit, Hatshepsut, Hawara, Hedetet, Heh (god), Heineken brands, Heka (god), Heliopolis (ancient Egypt), Heliopolis, Cairo, Hellenistic astrology, Hemen, Hemiunu, Hemsut, Heqet, Heracleopolis Magna, Herihor, Hermanubis, Hesat, Hetepheres II, Hieratic, History of ancient Egypt, History of Egypt, History of Egypt under the Muhammad Ali dynasty, History of modern Egypt, History of Persian Egypt, History of the Middle East, Horemheb, Horus, Hosni Mubarak, Howard Carter, Huni, Hurghada, Hyksos, Hypatia, Ibn al-Haytham, Imhotep, Imiut fetish, Imyremeshaw, Ineni, Intef I, Intef II, Intef III, Ipuwer Papyrus, Iry-Hor, Isetnofret, Ishara, Isis, Islamic Cairo, Itjtawy, Iunit, Iuput I, Iuput II, James Henry Breasted, Jean-François Champollion, Jebel Barkal, Karl Richard Lepsius, Karnak, Kashta, Kebechet, Kent R. Weeks, Khafra, Kharga Oasis, Khensit, Khenti-kheti, Khentkaus II, Khepri, Khnum, Khonsu, Kingdom of Kush, Kiya, Kneph, Kohl (cosmetics), Kom Ombo, KV1, KV14, KV17, KV2, KV20, KV3, KV34, KV35, KV39, KV4, KV42, KV43, KV46, KV5, KV55, KV6, KV60, KV62, KV7, KV9, Lake Mariout, Lake Nasser, Land of Goshen, Land of Punt, Late Egyptian language, Late Period of ancient Egypt, Leonardo da Vinci Art Institute, Leontopolis, LGBT rights in Egypt, Library of Alexandria, Libyan Desert, Lisht, List of ancient Egyptian dynasties, List of ancient Egyptian sites, List of burials in the Valley of the Kings, List of cities and towns in Egypt, List of Coptic Orthodox Popes of Alexandria, List of Coptic place names, List of Egyptians, List of Egyptologists, List of Greek Orthodox Patriarchs of Alexandria, List of necropoleis, List of pharaohs, List of solar deities, List of Theban tombs, Long Range Desert Group, Luxor, Luxor Museum, Luxor Temple, Maa Kheru, Maahes, Maat, Mafdet, Mamdouh Habib, Mamluk, Manetho, Mark Antony, Mark the Evangelist, Mastaba, Medinet Habu (location), Medinet Habu (temple), Mediterranean Sea, Meidum, Memphis, Egypt, Mendes, Menes, Menhit, Menkaure, Meret, Meretseger, Meritamen, Meritaten, Merneferre Ay, Merneith, Merneptah, Merneptah Stele, Mersa Matruh, Meshwesh, Meskhenet, Middle East, Middle Kingdom of Egypt, Milan Papyrus, Miles Lampson, 1st Baron Killearn, Min (god), Minya, Egypt, Mizraim, Mnevis, Mohamed Abdel Moneim, Mohamed Al-Fayed, Mohamed ElBaradei, Mohamed Saad, Mohammed Ali Tewfik, Mohammed Naguib, Montu, Mortuary Temple of Amenhotep III, Moses, Mostafa El-Nahas, Mouled Sidi El-Latini, Mount Sinai, Muhammad Ahmad, Mummification Museum, Mummy, Muslim Brotherhood, Mut, Nabta Playa, Nag Hammadi, Nag Hammadi library, Naguib Mahfouz, Napata, Naqada, Naqada III, Narmer, Nebiriau II, Nebra (Pharaoh), Necho I, Necho II, Nectanebo I, Nectanebo II, Neferefre, Neferhotep I, Neferhotep III, Neferirkare Kakai, Neferkare, ninth dynasty, Nefertari, Nefertem, Nefertiti, Nehebkau, Neith, Nekhbet, Nekhen, Nemty, Neper (mythology), Nephthys, Neter-khertet, New Kingdom of Egypt, Nile, Nile crocodile, Nile Delta, Nile Level Texts, Nile perch, Nilo-Saharan languages, Nilometer, Nineteenth Dynasty of Egypt, Nineteenth Dynasty of Egypt family tree, Ninth Dynasty of Egypt, Nitocris, Nomarch, Nome (Egypt), North Africa, Nu (mythology), Nubia, Nubian languages, Nubkheperre Intef, Nut (goddess), Nymphaea, Nymphaea caerulea, Nymphaea lotus, Nynetjer, Nyuserre Ini, Obelisk, Ogdoad (Egyptian), Old Kingdom of Egypt, Omar Sharif, Opening of the mouth ceremony, Operation Compass, Opet Festival, Origen, Osiris, Osiris myth, Osorkon I, Osorkon II, Osorkon III, Osorkon IV, Osorkon the Elder, Ostracon, Ottoman Egypt, Oxyrhynchus, Oxyrhynchus Gospels, Ozymandias, Pachomius the Great, Pakhet, Palestine (region), Pami, Pantheon (religion), Papyrus, Papyrus Harris I, Papyrus of Ani, Pedubast I, Pelusium, Pepi I Meryre, Pepi II Neferkare, Petbe, Pharaoh, Philae, Philip III of Macedon, Phoenix (mythology), Pi-Hahiroth, Piankh, Pinedjem I, Piye, Politics of Egypt, Polybus of Thebes, Pope Abraham of Alexandria, Pope Matthew I of Alexandria, Pope Peter I of Alexandria, Pope Shenouda III of Alexandria, Port Said, Precinct of Amun-Re, Precinct of Mut, Prehistoric Egypt, Psammuthes, Psamtik I, Psamtik II, Psamtik III, Pschent, Psusennes I, Psusennes II, Psusennes III, Ptah, Ptahhotep, Ptolemaic dynasty, Ptolemaic Kingdom, Ptolemy, Ptolemy I Soter, Ptolemy II Philadelphus, Ptolemy III Euergetes, Ptolemy IV Philopator, Ptolemy IX Lathyros, Ptolemy V Epiphanes, Ptolemy VI Philometor, Ptolemy VII Neos Philopator, Ptolemy VIII Physcon, Ptolemy X Alexander I, Ptolemy XI Alexander II, Ptolemy XII Auletes, Ptolemy XIII Theos Philopator, Ptolemy XIV of Egypt, Pylon (architecture), Pyramid, Pyramid of Djoser, Pyramid of Khafre, Pyramid of Menkaure, Pyramid of Unas, Pyramid Texts, Pyramidion, Pyramidology, Qa'a, Qakare Ibi, Qattara Depression, Qetesh, Qubbet el-Hawa, Queen consort, QV44, QV66, Ra, Rahab, Ramesses II, Ramesses III, Ramesses IV, Ramesses IX, Ramesses V, Ramesses VI, Ramesses VII, Ramesses VIII, Ramesses X, Ramesses XI, Ramesseum, Raphia Decree, Ras Muhammad National Park, Red Pyramid, Red Sea, Reformed Egyptian, Relief, Religion in Egypt, Renenutet, Renpet, Renseneb, Resheph, Rhind Mathematical Papyrus, Rhinocorura, Richard O'Connor, River delta, Rosetta, Rosetta Stone, Rosicrucian Egyptian Museum, Royal Wadi and tombs, Rudamun, Rylands Library Papyrus P52, Safaga, Sahara, Sahure, Saint Catherine's Monastery, Sais, Egypt, Salima Ikram, Saqqara, Sarcophagus, Satis (goddess), Scarab (artifact), Scarabaeidae, Scribe, Season of the Emergence, Season of the Harvest, Season of the Inundation, Second Battle of El Alamein, Second Dynasty of Egypt, Second Intermediate Period of Egypt, Sed festival, Sehel Island, Seked, Seker, Sekhemre-Wepmaat Intef, Sekhmet, Senakhtenre Ahmose, Senenmut, Senet, Seqenenre Tao, Serabit el-Khadim, Serapeum, Serekh, Serket, Set (deity), Seventeenth Dynasty of Egypt, Shai, Sharm El Sheikh, Shasu, Shen ring, Sherden, Shezmu, Shittah tree, Shoshenq I, Shu (Egyptian god), Sia (god), Sidi Barrani, Sinai Peninsula, Sistrum, Siwa Oasis, Siwi language, Six-Day War, Sixteenth Dynasty of Egypt, Sixth Dynasty of Egypt, Smenkhkare, Sneferu, Soad Hosny, Sobek, Sobekneferu, Sofitel Winter Palace Hotel, Solar deity, Sopdet, Sopdu, Southern Tomb 25, Speos Artemidos, Sphinx, Stargate, Stele, Step pyramid, Story of Sinuhe, Story of Wenamun, Strabo, Suez, Suez Canal, Suez Crisis, Syenite, Syriac language, Taba, Egypt, Tadukhipa, Taharqa, Tahpanhes, Takelot I, Takelot II, Takelot III, Talatat, Tamer Hosny, Tanis, Tantamani, Taweret, Tawfiq of Egypt, Tefnakht, Tefnut, Telecommunications in Egypt, Temple of Kom Ombo, Tenenet, Tenth Dynasty of Egypt, Teti, Tey, Thamphthis, The Egyptian, The Exodus Decoded, The Ten Commandments (1956 film), Theban Mapping Project, Theban Necropolis, Thebes, Egypt, Thesh, Third Dynasty of Egypt, Third Intermediate Period of Egypt, Thirteenth Dynasty of Egypt, Thirtieth Dynasty of Egypt, Thomas Young (scientist), Thoth, Thutmose (18th-dynasty vizier), Thutmose (19th-dynasty vizier), Thutmose (prince), Thutmose (sculptor), Thutmose I, Thutmose II, Thutmose III, Thutmose IV, Tiye, Tjuyu, Tombs of the Nobles (Amarna), Transliteration of Ancient Egyptian, Transport in Egypt, TT71, Turin King List, Tutankhamun, Tutankhamun and the Daughter of Ra, Tuthmose (Viceroy of Kush), Tutkheperre Shoshenq, Twelfth Dynasty of Egypt, Twelfth Dynasty of Egypt family tree, Twentieth Dynasty of Egypt, Twenty-eighth Dynasty of Egypt, Twenty-fifth Dynasty of Egypt, Twenty-first Dynasty of Egypt, Twenty-fourth Dynasty of Egypt, Twenty-ninth Dynasty of Egypt, Twenty-second Dynasty of Egypt, Twenty-sixth Dynasty of Egypt, Twenty-third Dynasty of Egypt, Twosret, Umm El Qa'ab, Umm Kulthum, Unas, Unfinished obelisk, United Arab Republic, Unut, Upper and Lower Egypt, Uraeus, Userkaf, Userkare, Ushabti, Valley of the Kings, Valley of the Queens, Via della Vittoria, Via Maris, Vizier (Ancient Egypt), Wadjet, Wagh El Birket, Wahibre Ibiau, Wahkare Khety, Water resources management in modern Egypt, Water supply and sanitation in Egypt, Wazner, Wegaf, Weneg (Egyptian deity), Weneg (pharaoh), Wepwawet, Werethekau, West Nile virus, Westcar Papyrus, Western Desert Force, Women in ancient Egypt, Workmen's Village, Amarna, Wosret, WV22, WV23, WV25, Xerxes I, Xerxes II of Persia, Yaqub-Har, Yom Kippur War, Youssef Chahine, Yuya, Zagazig, Zahi Hawass, Zawyet El Aryan. Expand index (802 more) »

Aaru

In ancient Egyptian mythology, the fields of Aaru (jꜣrw "Reeds, rushes"), known also as sḫt-jꜣrw or the Field of Reeds, are the heavenly paradise where Osiris rules once he had displaced Anubis in the Ogdoad.

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Ababda people

The Ababda or Ababde – the Gebadei of Pliny, and possibly the Troglodytes of other classical writers – are nomads living in the area between the Nile and the Red Sea, in the vicinity of Aswan in Egypt and north Sudan.

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Abaza family

The Abaza family (الأسرة الأباظية), is an Egyptian family that has had an influential role in Egyptian cultural, economic, intellectual and political life since their establishment in Egypt in the late 18th century to modern times.

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Abbas Helmi I of Egypt

Abbas Helmy I of Egypt (also known as Abbas Pasha, عباس الأول, I. 1 July 181213 July 1854) was the Wāli of Egypt and Sudan.

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Abbas Helmi II of Egypt

Abbas II Helmy Bey (also known as ‘Abbās Ḥilmī Pasha, عباس حلمي باشا) (14 July 1874 – 19 December 1944) was the last Khedive (Ottoman viceroy) of Egypt and Sudan, ruling from 8 January 1892 to 19 December 1914.

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Abbasid Caliphate

The Abbasid Caliphate (or ٱلْخِلافَةُ ٱلْعَبَّاسِيَّة) was the third of the Islamic caliphates to succeed the Islamic prophet Muhammad.

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Abd El-Razzak El-Sanhuri

Abd el-Razzak el-Sanhuri or ‘Abd al-Razzāq al-Sanhūrī (1895–1971) (عبد الرزاق السنهوري) was an Egyptian, legal scholar and professor who drafted the revised Egyptian Civil Code of 1948.

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Abu Gorab

Abu Gorab (also known as Abu Gurab, Abu Ghurab and Abū Jirāb) is a locality in Egypt situated south of Cairo, between Saqqarah and Al-Jīzah, about north of Abusir, on the edge of the desert plateau on the western bank of the Nile.

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Abu Hafs al-Masri Brigades

The Abu Hafs al-Masri Brigades (كتائب أبو حفص المصري), or Abu Hafs al-Masri Battalions, is a group which claims to be a branch of the Islamic fundamentalist organisation al-Qaida.

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Abu Qir

Abu Qir (ابو قير, Abu Qīr, or), formerly also spelled Abukir or Aboukir, is a town on the Mediterranean coast of Egypt, near the ruins of ancient Canopus and northeast of Alexandria by rail.

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Abu Qir Bay

The Abū Qīr Bay (sometimes transliterated Abukir Bay or Aboukir Bay) (transliterated: Khalīj Abū Qīr) is a spacious bay on the Mediterranean Sea near Alexandria in Egypt, lying between the Rosetta mouth of the Nile and the town of Abu Qir.

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Abu Simbel

Abu Simbel (أبو سمبل) is a village of about 2600 inhabitants in Nubia, southern Egypt, near the border with Sudan.

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Abusir

Abusir (ابو صير; Egyptian pr wsjr; ⲃⲟⲩⲥⲓⲣⲓ, "the House or Temple of Osiris"; Βούσιρις) is the name given to an Egyptian archaeological locality – specifically, an extensive necropolis of the Old Kingdom period, together with later additions – in the vicinity of the modern capital Cairo.

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Abydos, Egypt

Abydos (أبيدوس.; Sahidic Ⲉⲃⲱⲧ) is one of the oldest cities of ancient Egypt, and also of the eighth nome in Upper Egypt, of which it was the capital city.

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Abyssinian cat

The Abyssinian is a breed of domestic short-haired cat with a distinctive "ticked" tabby coat, in which individual hairs are banded with different colors.

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Achaemenid Empire

The Achaemenid Empire, also called the First Persian Empire, was an empire based in Western Asia, founded by Cyrus the Great.

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Adze

The adze (alternative spelling: adz) is a cutting tool shaped somewhat like an axe that dates back to the stone age.

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Aegyptus

According to Greek mythology, Aegyptus (Αἴγυπτος, Aigyptos) is a descendant of the heifer maiden, Io, and the river-god Nilus, and was a king in Egypt.

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Africa

Africa is the world's second largest and second most-populous continent (behind Asia in both categories).

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African Union

The African Union (AU) is a continental union consisting of all 55 countries on the African continent, extending slightly into Asia via the Sinai Peninsula in Egypt.

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Ahmed Zewail

Ahmed Hassan Zewail (أحمد حسن زويل,; February 26, 1946 – August 2, 2016) was an Egyptian-American scientist, known as the "father of femtochemistry".

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Ahmes

Ahmes (more accurately Ahmose) was an ancient Egyptian scribe who lived towards the end of the Fifteenth Dynasty (and of the Second Intermediate Period) and the beginning of the Eighteenth Dynasty (and of the New Kingdom).

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Ahmose (queen)

Ahmose was an Ancient Egyptian queen in the Eighteenth Dynasty.

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Ahmose, son of Ebana

Ahmose, son of Ebana, served in the Egyptian military under the pharaohs Ahmose I, Amenhotep I, and Thutmose I. His autobiography has survived and is intact on the wall of his tomb and has proven a valuable source of information on the late 17th Dynasty and the early 18th Dynasty of Egypt.

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Ahmose-Nefertari

Ahmose-Nefertari of Ancient Egypt was the first Queen of the 18th Dynasty.

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Aker (deity)

Aker was an Ancient Egyptian earth and death deity.

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Akhenaten

Akhenaten (also spelled Echnaton, Akhenaton, Ikhnaton, and Khuenaten; meaning "Effective for Aten"), known before the fifth year of his reign as Amenhotep IV (sometimes given its Greek form, Amenophis IV, and meaning "Amun Is Satisfied"), was an ancient Egyptian pharaoh of the 18th Dynasty who ruled for 17 years and died perhaps in 1336 BC or 1334 BC.

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Akhnaten (opera)

Akhnaten is an opera in three acts based on the life and religious convictions of the Egyptian pharaoh Akhenaten (Amenhotep IV), written by the American minimalist composer Philip Glass in 1983.

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Al-Ahram

Al-Ahram (الأهرام; The Pyramids), founded on 5 August 1875, is the most widely circulating Egyptian daily newspaper, and the second oldest after al-Waqa'i`al-Masriya (The Egyptian Events, founded 1828).

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Al-Azhar University

Al-Azhar University (1,, "the (honorable) Azhar University") is a university in Cairo, Egypt.

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Al-Jama'a al-Islamiyya

(الجماعة الإسلامية, "the Islamic Group"; also transliterated El Gama'a El Islamiyya; also called "Islamic Groups" and transliterated Gamaat Islamiya, al Jamaat al Islamiya) is an Egyptian Sunni Islamist movement, and is considered a terrorist organization by the United States, the United Kingdom and the European Union.

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Alexander Helios

Alexander Helios (Ἀλέξανδρος Ἥλιος; late 40 BC – unknown, but possibly between 29 and 25 BC) was a Ptolemaic prince and was the eldest son of the Macedonian queen Cleopatra VII of Ptolemaic Egypt by Roman triumvir Mark Antony.

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Alexander the Great

Alexander III of Macedon (20/21 July 356 BC – 10/11 June 323 BC), commonly known as Alexander the Great (Aléxandros ho Mégas), was a king (basileus) of the ancient Greek kingdom of Macedon and a member of the Argead dynasty.

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Alexandria

Alexandria (or; Arabic: الإسكندرية; Egyptian Arabic: إسكندرية; Ⲁⲗⲉⲝⲁⲛⲇⲣⲓⲁ; Ⲣⲁⲕⲟⲧⲉ) is the second-largest city in Egypt and a major economic centre, extending about along the coast of the Mediterranean Sea in the north central part of the country.

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Alexandria Regional Center for Women's Health and Development

Alexandria Regional Center for Women's Health and Development (formerly called The Suzanne Mubarak Regional Centre for Women's Health and Development) is a non-profit training and research center in Alexandria, Egypt.

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Alexandrian text-type

The Alexandrian text-type (also called Neutral or Egyptian), associated with Alexandria, is one of several text-types used in New Testament textual criticism to describe and group the textual characters of biblical manuscripts.

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Amarna

Amarna (al-ʿamārnah) is an extensive Egyptian archaeological site that represents the remains of the capital city newly established and built by the Pharaoh Akhenaten of the late Eighteenth Dynasty, and abandoned shortly after his death (1332 BC).

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Amarna art

Amarna art, or the Amarna style, is a style adopted in the Amarna Period during and just after the reign of Akhenaten (r. 1351–1334 BC) in the late Eighteenth Dynasty, during the New Kingdom.

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Amarna letters

The Amarna letters (sometimes referred to as the Amarna correspondence or Amarna tablets, and cited with the abbreviation EA) are an archive, written on clay tablets, primarily consisting of diplomatic correspondence between the Egyptian administration and its representatives in Canaan and Amurru during the New Kingdom.

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Amasis II

Amasis II (Ἄμασις) or Ahmose II was a pharaoh (reigned 570 BCE526 BCE) of the Twenty-sixth dynasty of Egypt, the successor of Apries at Sais.

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Ambrose of Alexandria

Ambrose of Alexandria (before 212 – c. 250) was a friend of the Christian theologian Origen.

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Amduat

The Amduat (literally "That Which Is In the Afterworld", also translated as "Text of the Hidden Chamber Which is in the Underworld" and "Book of What is in the Underworld") is an important Ancient Egyptian funerary text of the New Kingdom.

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Ammit

accessdate.

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Ammon

Ammon (ʻAmmūn) was an ancient Semitic-speaking nation occupying the east of the Jordan River, between the torrent valleys of Arnon and Jabbok, in present-day Jordan.

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Amr Diab

Amr Abd El-Basset Abd El-Azeez Diab (عمرو عبد الباسط عبد العزيز دياب) (born October 11, 1961) is an Egyptian vocalist and writer.

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Amr Moussa

Amr Moussa (عمرو محمد موسى,, Amr Muhammad Moussa; born 3 October 1936) is an Egyptian politician and diplomat who was the Secretary-General of the Arab League, a 22-member forum representing Arab states, from 1 June 2001 to 1 June 2011.

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Amun

Amun (also Amon, Ammon, Amen; Greek Ἄμμων Ámmōn, Ἅμμων Hámmōn) was a major ancient Egyptian deity who appears as a member of the Hermopolitan ogdoad.

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Amunet

Amunet (also spelled Amonet or Amaunet; Greek Αμαυνι) is a primordial goddess in ancient Egyptian religion.

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Ancient Egypt

Ancient Egypt was a civilization of ancient Northeastern Africa, concentrated along the lower reaches of the Nile River - geographically Lower Egypt and Upper Egypt, in the place that is now occupied by the countries of Egypt and Sudan.

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Ancient Egyptian concept of the soul

The ancient Egyptians believed that a soul was made up of many parts.

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Ancient Egyptian funerary texts

The literature that makes up the ancient Egyptian funerary texts is a collection of religious documents that were used in ancient Egypt, usually to help the spirit of the concerned person to be preserved in the afterlife.

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Ancient Egyptian mathematics

Ancient Egyptian mathematics is the mathematics that was developed and used in Ancient Egypt 3000 to c. 300 BC, from the Old Kingdom of Egypt until roughly the beginning of Hellenistic Egypt.

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Ancient Egyptian medicine

The medicine of the ancient Egyptians is some of the oldest documented.

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Ancient Egyptian religion

Ancient Egyptian religion was a complex system of polytheistic beliefs and rituals which were an integral part of ancient Egyptian society.

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Ancient Egyptian royal titulary

The royal titulary or royal protocol of an Egyptian pharaoh is the standard naming convention taken by the kings of Ancient Egypt.

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Ancient Near East

The ancient Near East was the home of early civilizations within a region roughly corresponding to the modern Middle East: Mesopotamia (modern Iraq, southeast Turkey, southwest Iran, northeastern Syria and Kuwait), ancient Egypt, ancient Iran (Elam, Media, Parthia and Persia), Anatolia/Asia Minor and Armenian Highlands (Turkey's Eastern Anatolia Region, Armenia, northwestern Iran, southern Georgia, and western Azerbaijan), the Levant (modern Syria, Lebanon, Palestine, Israel, and Jordan), Cyprus and the Arabian Peninsula.

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Andjety

Andjety (meaning "He of Andjet") is a local ancient Egyptian deity of the ninth nome, centered at Andjet, which was known as Busiris to the Greeks.

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Ankh

The ankh (Egyptian ˁnḫ), also known as "crux ansata" (the Latin for "cross with a handle") is an ancient Egyptian hieroglyphic ideograph symbolizing "life".

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Ankhesenamun

Ankhesenamun (ˁnḫ-s-n-imn, "Her Life Is of Amun"; c. 1348 – after 1322 BC) was a queen of the Eighteenth Dynasty of Egypt.

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Ankhesenpaaten Tasherit

Ankhesenpaaten Tasherit (or Ankhesenpaaten-ta-sherit, “Ankhesenpaaten the Younger”) was an ancient Egyptian princess of the 18th dynasty.

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Antony and Cleopatra

Antony and Cleopatra is a tragedy by William Shakespeare.

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Anubis

Anubis (Ἄνουβις, Egyptian: jnpw, Coptic: Anoup) is the Greek name of a god associated with mummification and the afterlife in ancient Egyptian religion, usually depicted as a canine or a man with a canine head.

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Anuket

Anuket was the ancient Egyptian goddess of the cataracts of the Nile and Lower Nubia in general, worshipped especially at Elephantine near the First Cataract.

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Anwar Sadat

Muhammad Anwar el-Sadat (محمد أنور السادات, Egyptian muħæmmæd ˈʔɑnwɑɾ essæˈdæːt; 25 December 1918 – 6 October 1981) was the third President of Egypt, serving from 15 October 1970 until his assassination by fundamentalist army officers on 6 October 1981.

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Apep

Apep (or; also spelled Apepi or Aapep) or Apophis (Ἄποφις) was the ancient Egyptian deity who embodied chaos (ı͗zft in Egyptian) and was thus the opponent of light and Ma'at (order/truth).

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Apis (deity)

In ancient Egyptian religion, Apis or Hapis (ḥjpw, reconstructed as Old Egyptian with unknown final vowel > Middle Egyptian, ϩⲁⲡⲉ), alternatively spelled Hapi-ankh, was a sacred bull worshipped in the Memphis region, identified as the son of Hathor, a primary deity in the pantheon of Ancient Egypt.

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Apries

Apries (Ἁπρίης) is the name by which Herodotus (ii. 161) and Diodorus (i. 68) designate Wahibre Haaibre, a pharaoh of Egypt (589 BC570 BC), the fourth king (counting from Psamtik I) of the Twenty-sixth dynasty of Egypt.

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ArabDev

ArabDev is a Giza (Egypt)-based non-profit organization that uses Information and Communication Technology (ICT) to "promote existing development projects and for innovative developmental initiatives".

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Arish

Arish or el Arīsh (العريش, Hrinokorura) is the capital and largest city (with 164,830 inhabitants) of the Egyptian governorate of North Sinai, as well as the largest city on the entire Sinai Peninsula, lying on the Mediterranean coast of the Sinai peninsula, northeast of Cairo.

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Arsinoe (Gulf of Suez)

Arsinoe (Greek: Ἀρσινόη) or Arsinoites or Cleopatris or Cleopatra, was an ancient city at the northern extremity of the Heroopolite Gulf (Gulf of Suez), in the Red Sea.

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Arsinoe I

Arsinoe I (Αρσινόη Α’., 305 BC – after c. 248 BC, Footnote 10) was Queen of Egypt by marriage to Ptolemy II Philadelphus.

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Arsinoe II

Arsinoë II (Ἀρσινόη, 316 BC – unknown date between July 270 and 260 BC) was a Ptolemaic Queen and co-regent of Ancient Egypt.

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Arsinoe III of Egypt

Arsinoe III Philopator (Ἀρσινόη ἡ Φιλοπάτωρ, which means "Arsinoe the father-loving", 246 or 245 BC – 204 BC) was Queen of Egypt in 220 – 204 BC.

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Arsinoe IV of Egypt

Arsinoë IV (Ἀρσινόη; between 68 and 59 BC – 41 BC) was the fourth of six children and the youngest daughter of Ptolemy XII Auletes, and queen and co-ruler of Egypt with her brother Ptolemy XIII from 48 BC – 47 BC, making her one of the last members of the Ptolemaic dynasty of ancient Egypt.

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Arsinoe of Macedon

Arsinoe of Macedonia (Greek: Ἀρσινόη; lived 4th century BC) was the mother of Ptolemy I Soter (323 – 283 BC), king of Egypt.

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Ash (deity)

Ash was the ancient Egyptian god of oases, as well as the vineyards of the western Nile Delta and thus was viewed as a benign deity.

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Aswan

Aswan (أسوان; ⲥⲟⲩⲁⲛ) is a city in the south of Egypt, the capital of the Aswan Governorate.

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Aswan Dam

The Aswan Dam, or more specifically since the 1960s, the Aswan High Dam, is an embankment dam built across the Nile in Aswan, Egypt, between 1960 and 1970.

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Asyut

AsyutMore often spelled Assiout or Assiut.

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Aten

Aten (also Aton, Egyptian jtn) is the disk of the sun in ancient Egyptian mythology, and originally an aspect of the god Ra.

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Atenism

Atenism, or the "Amarna heresy", refers to the religious changes associated with the eighteenth dynasty Pharaoh Amenhotep IV, better known under his adopted name, Akhenaten.

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Athanasius of Alexandria

Athanasius of Alexandria (Ἀθανάσιος Ἀλεξανδρείας; ⲡⲓⲁⲅⲓⲟⲥ ⲁⲑⲁⲛⲁⲥⲓⲟⲩ ⲡⲓⲁⲡⲟⲥⲧⲟⲗⲓⲕⲟⲥ or Ⲡⲁⲡⲁ ⲁⲑⲁⲛⲁⲥⲓⲟⲩ ⲁ̅; c. 296–298 – 2 May 373), also called Athanasius the Great, Athanasius the Confessor or, primarily in the Coptic Orthodox Church, Athanasius the Apostolic, was the 20th bishop of Alexandria (as Athanasius I).

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Atum

Atum (Egyptian: jtm(w) or tm(w); Coptic Atoum), sometimes rendered as Atem or Tem, is an important deity in Egyptian mythology.

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Auguste Mariette

François Auguste Ferdinand Mariette (11 February 182118 January 1881) was a French scholar, archaeologist and Egyptologist, and founder of the Egyptian Department of Antiquities (later Supreme Council of Antiquities).

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Avaris

Avaris (Egyptian: ḥw.t wꜥr.t, sometimes transcribed Hut-waret in works for a popular audience, Αὔαρις, Auaris) was the capital of Egypt under the Hyksos.

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Étienne-Louis Malus

Étienne-Louis Malus (23 July 1775 – 24 February 1812) was a French officer, engineer, physicist, and mathematician.

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Ba-Pef

Ba-Pef was a minor underworld god in Egyptian mythology.

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Babi (mythology)

Babi, also Baba, in ancient Egypt, was the deification of the hamadryas baboon, one of the animals present in ancient Egypt.

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Badari culture

The Badarian culture provides the earliest direct evidence of agriculture in Upper Egypt during the Predynastic Era.

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Baggush Box

The Baggush Box was a British Army field fortification built in the Western Desert near Maaten Baggush, east of Mersa Matruh during the Western Desert Campaign of World War II.

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Bahariya Oasis

El-Wahat el-Bahariya or el-Bahariya (الواحات البحرية, al-Wāḥāt al-Baḥrīya, meaning "the Seaside Oases") is a depression and oasis in the Western Desert of Egypt.

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Bakenranef

Bakenranef, known by the ancient Greeks as Bocchoris, was briefly a king of the Twenty-fourth dynasty of Egypt.

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Bastet

Bastet or Bast (bꜣstjt "She of the Ointment Jar", Ⲟⲩⲃⲁⲥⲧⲉ) was a goddess of ancient Egyptian religion, worshiped as early as the Second Dynasty (2890 BCE).

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Bat (goddess)

Bat was a cow goddess in Egyptian mythology depicted as a human face with cow ears and horns.

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Bata (god)

Bata from Saka is an Egyptian bull-god of the New Kingdom, who represents together with his brother Anubis the 17th Upper Egyptian Nome.

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Battle of Actium

The Battle of Actium was the decisive confrontation of the Final War of the Roman Republic, a naval engagement between Octavian and the combined forces of Mark Antony and Cleopatra on 2 September 31 BC, on the Ionian Sea near the promontory of Actium, in the Roman province of Epirus Vetus in Greece.

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Battle of Alexandria

The Battle of Alexandria or Battle of Canope, fought on 21 March 1801 between the French army under General Menou and the British expeditionary corps under Sir Ralph Abercrombie, took place near the ruins of Nicopolis, on the narrow spit of land between the sea and Lake Abukir, along which the British troops had advanced towards Alexandria after the actions of Abukir on 8 March and Mandora on 13 March.

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Battle of Kadesh

The Battle of Kadesh or Battle of Qadesh took place between the forces of the Egyptian Empire under Ramesses II and the Hittite Empire under Muwatalli II at the city of Kadesh on the Orontes River, just upstream of Lake Homs near the modern Syrian-Lebanese border.

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Battle of Megiddo (15th century BC)

The Battle of Megiddo (15th century BC) was fought between Egyptian forces under the command of Pharaoh Thutmose III and a large rebellious coalition of Canaanite vassal states led by the king of Kadesh.

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Battle of Navarino

The Battle of Navarino was a naval battle fought on 20 October 1827, during the Greek War of Independence (1821–32), in Navarino Bay (modern Pylos), on the west coast of the Peloponnese peninsula, in the Ionian Sea.

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Battle of the Nile

The Battle of the Nile (also known as the Battle of Aboukir Bay; Bataille d'Aboukir) was a major naval battle fought between the British Royal Navy and the Navy of the French Republic at Aboukir Bay on the Mediterranean coast off the Nile Delta of Egypt from 1 to 3 August 1798.

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Bay (chancellor)

Bay, also called Ramesse Khamenteru, (died 1192 BC) was an important Asiatic official in ancient Egypt, who rose to prominence and high office under Seti II Userkheperure Setepenre and later became an influential powerbroker in the closing stages of the 19th Dynasty.

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Bebiankh

Seuserenre Bebiankh was a native Ancient Egyptian king of the 16th Theban Dynasty during the Second Intermediate Period and, according to Kim Ryholt, the successor of king Semenre.

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Bedouin

The Bedouin (badawī) are a grouping of nomadic Arab peoples who have historically inhabited the desert regions in North Africa, the Arabian Peninsula, Iraq and the Levant.

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Benben

Benben was the mound that arose from the primordial waters Nu upon which the creator deity Atum settled in the creation myth of the Heliopolitan form of ancient Egyptian religion.

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Beni Hasan

Beni Hasan (also written as Bani Hasan, or also Beni-Hassan) (بني حسن) is an Ancient Egyptian cemetery site.

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Bennu

The Bennu is an ancient Egyptian deity linked with the sun, creation, and rebirth.

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Bent Pyramid

The Bent Pyramid is an ancient Egyptian pyramid located at the royal necropolis of Dahshur, approximately 40 kilometres south of Cairo, built under the Old Kingdom Pharaoh Sneferu (c. 2600 BC).

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Berenice I of Egypt

Berenice I (Βερενίκη; c. 340 BC – between 279 and 268 BC) was Queen of Egypt by marriage to Ptolemy I Soter.

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Berenice II of Egypt

Berenice II (267 or 266 BC – 221 BC) was a ruling queen of Cyrene by birth, and a queen and co-regent of Egypt by marriage to her cousin Ptolemy III Euergetes, the third ruler of the Ptolemaic dynasty of Egypt.

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Berenice III of Egypt

Berenice III (Greek: Βερενίκη; 120–80 BC), sometimes called Cleopatra Berenice, ruled as queen regnant of Egypt from 81 to 80 BC.

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Bernardino Drovetti

Bernardino Michele Maria Drovetti (January 7, 1776 – March 5, 1852) was an Italian antiquities collector, diplomat, and politician.

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Bes

Bes (also spelled as Bisu), as well as his feminine counterpart Beset, is an Ancient Egyptian deity worshipped as a protector of households, and in particular, of mothers, children and childbirth.

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Bibliotheca Alexandrina

The Bibliotheca Alexandrina (Library of Alexandria; مكتبة الإسكندرية) is a major library and cultural center located on the shore of the Mediterranean Sea in the Egyptian city of Alexandria.

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Bintanath

Bintanath (or Bentanath) was the firstborn daughter and later Great Royal Wife of the Egyptian Pharaoh Ramesses II.

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Block statue

The block statue is a type of memorial statue that first emerged in the Middle Kingdom of Ancient Egypt.

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Book of Exodus

The Book of Exodus or, simply, Exodus (from ἔξοδος, éxodos, meaning "going out"; וְאֵלֶּה שְׁמוֹת, we'elleh shəmōṯ, "These are the names", the beginning words of the text: "These are the names of the sons of Israel" וְאֵלֶּה שְׁמֹות בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל), is the second book of the Torah and the Hebrew Bible (the Old Testament) immediately following Genesis.

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Book of Gates

The Book of Gates is an Ancient Egyptian funerary text dating from the New Kingdom.

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Book of the Dead

The Book of the Dead is an ancient Egyptian funerary text, used from the beginning of the New Kingdom (around 1550 BCE) to around 50 BCE.

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Boundary Stelae of Akhenaten

The Boundary Stelae of Akhenaten are a group of royal monuments in Upper Egypt.

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Brook of Egypt

The Brook of Egypt is the name used in some English translations of the Bible for the Hebrew Naḥal Mizraim ("River of Egypt") used for the river defining the westernmost border of the Land of Israel.

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Bubastis

Bubastis (Bohairic Coptic: Ⲡⲟⲩⲃⲁⲥϯ Poubasti; Greek: Βούβαστις Boubastis or Βούβαστος Boubastos), also known in Arabic as Tell-Basta or in Egyptian as Per-Bast, was an Ancient Egyptian city.

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Buhen

Buhen was an ancient Egyptian settlement situated on the West bank of the Nile below (to the North of) the Second Cataract in what is now Northern State, Sudan.

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Busiris (Lower Egypt)

Busiris (أبو صير بنا; Greek: Βούσιρις; ⲃⲟⲩⲥⲓⲣⲓ, Herod. i. 59, 61,165; Strabo xvii. p. 802; Plut. Is. et Osir. 30; Ptol. iv. 5. § 51; Plin. v. 9. s. 11: Hierocl. p. 725; Steph. B. s. v.) was an ancient city in Lower Egypt, located at the present-day Abu Sir Bana.

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Buto

Buto (Βουτώ, بوتو, Butu), Butus (Βοῦτος, Boutos), or Butosus, now Tell El Fara'in ("Hill of the Pharaohs"), near the villages of Ibtu (or Abtu) and Kom Butu and the city of Desouk (دسوق), was an ancient city located 95 km east of Alexandria in the Nile Delta of Egypt.

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Caesarion

Ptolemy XV Philopator Philometor Caesar (Πτολεμαῖος Φιλοπάτωρ Φιλομήτωρ Καῖσαρ, Ptolemaĩos Philopátōr Philomḗtōr Kaĩsar "Ptolemy, Beloved of his Father, Beloved of his Mother, Caesar"; June 23, 47 BC – August 23, 30 BC), better known by the nicknames Caesarion (Καισαρίων, Kaisaríōn ≈ Little Caesar; Caesariō) and Ptolemy Caesar (Πτολεμαῖος Καῖσαρ, Ptolemaios Kaisar; Ptolemaeus Caesar), was the last Pharaoh of Egypt.

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Cairo

Cairo (القاهرة) is the capital of Egypt.

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Cairo Geniza

The Cairo Genizah, alternatively spelled Geniza, is a collection of some 300,000 Jewish manuscript fragments that were found in the genizah or storeroom of the Ben Ezra Synagogue in Fustat or Old Cairo, Egypt.

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Cairo Metro

The Cairo Metro (Metro Anfāq al-Qāhirah, lit. "Cairo Tunnel Metro" or مترو الأنفاق) is the rapid transit system in Greater Cairo, Egypt.

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Cairo Tower

The Cairo Tower (برج القاهرة, Borg Al-Qāhira) is a free-standing concrete tower located in Cairo, Egypt.

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Cambyses II

Cambyses II (𐎣𐎲𐎢𐎪𐎡𐎹 Kambūjiya כנבוזי Kanbūzī; Καμβύσης Kambúsēs; Latin Cambyses; Medieval Hebrew, Kambisha) (d. 522 BC) son of Cyrus the Great (r. 559–530 BC), was emperor of the Achaemenid Empire.

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Camp David Accords

The Camp David Accords were signed by Egyptian President Anwar Sadat and Israeli Prime Minister Menachem Begin on 17 September 1978, following twelve days of secret negotiations at Camp David.

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Canopic jar

Canopic jars used by the ancient Egyptians during the mummification process to store and preserve the viscera of their owner for the afterlife.

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Canopus, Egypt

Canopus, also known as Canobus, was an Ancient Egyptian coastal town, located in the Nile Delta.

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Cartouche

In Egyptian hieroglyphs, a cartouche is an oval with a horizontal line at one end, indicating that the text enclosed is a royal name.

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Cataracts of the Nile

The Cataracts of the Nile are shallow lengths (or white water rapids) of the Nile River, between Aswan and Khartoum, where the surface of the water is broken by many small boulders and stones jutting out of the river bed, as well as many rocky islets.

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Chapelle Rouge

The Red Chapel of Hatshepsut or the Chapelle Rouge originally was constructed as a barque shrine during the reign of Hatshepsut.

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Chariot

A chariot is a type of carriage driven by a charioteer using primarily horses to provide rapid motive power.

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Children of Gebelawi

Children of Gebelawi, (أولاد حارتنا) is a novel by the Egyptian writer and Nobel laureate Naguib Mahfouz.

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Cinema of Egypt

The cinema of Egypt refers to the flourishing film industry based in Cairo, the capital of Egypt.

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Cleitarchus

Cleitarchus or Clitarchus (Κλείταρχος), one of the historians of Alexander the Great, son of the historian Dinon of Colophon, he spent a considerable time at the court of Ptolemy Lagus.

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Clement of Alexandria

Titus Flavius Clemens, also known as Clement of Alexandria (Κλήμης ὁ Ἀλεξανδρεύς; c. 150 – c. 215), was a Christian theologian who taught at the Catechetical School of Alexandria.

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Cleopatra

Cleopatra VII Philopator (Κλεοπάτρα Φιλοπάτωρ Cleopatra Philopator; 69 – August 10 or 12, 30 BC)Theodore Cressy Skeat, in, uses historical data to calculate the death of Cleopatra as having occurred on 12 August 30 BC.

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Cleopatra (1934 film)

Cleopatra is a 1934 epic film directed by Cecil B. DeMille and distributed by Paramount Pictures, which retells the story of Cleopatra VII of Egypt.

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Cleopatra (1963 film)

Cleopatra is a 1963 American epic historical drama film chronicling the struggles of Cleopatra, the young Queen of Egypt, to resist the imperial ambitions of Rome.

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Cleopatra (miniseries)

Cleopatra is a 1999 miniseries adaptation of Margaret George's 1997 historical fiction novel The Memoirs of Cleopatra.

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Cleopatra I Syra

Cleopatra I Syra (Greek: Κλεοπάτρα Σύρα; c. 204 – 176 BC) was a princess of the Seleucid Empire, Queen of Ptolemaic Egypt by marriage to Ptolemy V of Egypt, and regent of Egypt during the minority of their son, Ptolemy VI, from her husband’s death in 180 BC until her own death in 176 BC.

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Cleopatra II of Egypt

Cleopatra II (Greek: Κλεοπάτρα; c. 185 BC – 116/115 BC) was a queen of Ptolemaic Egypt who ruled from 175 to 116 BC with two successive brother-husbands and her daughter—often in rivalry with her brother Ptolemy VIII.

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Cleopatra III of Egypt

Cleopatra III (Κλεοπάτρα; c.160–101 BC) was a queen of Egypt.

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Cleopatra IV of Egypt

Cleopatra IV (Κλεοπάτρα) was Queen of Egypt briefly from 116 to 115 BC, jointly with her husband Ptolemy IX Lathyros.

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Cleopatra Selene II

Cleopatra Selene II (Greek: Κλεοπάτρα Σελήνη; late 40 BC – c. 6 BC; the numeration is modern), also known as Cleopatra VIII of Egypt or Cleopatra VIII, was a Ptolemaic Princess and was the only daughter to Greek Ptolemaic queen Cleopatra VII of Egypt and Roman triumvir Mark Antony.

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Cleopatra Selene of Syria

Cleopatra Selene (Κλεοπάτρα Σελήνη; – 69 BC) was the monarch of Syria as Cleopatra II Selene (82–69 BC).

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Cleopatra Thea

Cleopatra Thea (Κλεοπάτρα Θεά, which means "Cleopatra the Goddess"; c. 164 – 121 BC) surnamed Eueteria (i.e., "good-harvest/fruitful season") was the ruler of the Hellenistic Seleucid Empire.

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Cleopatra V of Egypt

Cleopatra V Tryphaena of Egypt (Κλεοπάτρα Τρύφαινα, born c. 95 BC, died c. 69/68 BC or c. 57 BC) was a Ptolemaic Queen of Egypt.

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Cleopatra VI of Egypt

Cleopatra VI Tryphaena (Κλεοπάτρα Τρύφαινα) was an Egyptian Ptolemaic queen.

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Climate of Egypt

Egypt essentially has a hot desert climate (Köppen climate classification BWh).

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Codex Sinaiticus

Codex Sinaiticus (Σιναϊτικός Κώδικας, קודקס סינאיטיקוס; Shelfmarks and references: London, Brit. Libr., Additional Manuscripts 43725; Gregory-Aland nº א [Aleph] or 01, [Soden δ 2&#93) or "Sinai Bible" is one of the four great uncial codices, an ancient, handwritten copy of the Greek Bible.

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Coffin Texts

The Coffin Texts are a collection of ancient Egyptian funerary spells written on coffins beginning in the First Intermediate Period.

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Colossi of Memnon

The Colossi of Memnon (italic or es-Salamat) are two massive stone statues of the Pharaoh Amenhotep III, who reigned in Egypt during the Dynasty XVIII.

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Constantin François de Chassebœuf, comte de Volney

Constantin François de Chassebœuf, comte de Volney (3 February 175725 April 1820) was a French philosopher, abolitionist, historian, orientalist, and politician.

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Coptic alphabet

The Coptic alphabet is the script used for writing the Coptic language.

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Coptic architecture

Coptic architecture is the architecture of the Copts, who form the majority of Christians in Egypt.

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Coptic art

Coptic art is a term used either for the art of Egypt produced in the early Christian era or for the art produced by the Coptic Christians themselves.

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Coptic Cairo

Coptic Cairo is a part of Old Cairo which encompasses the Babylon Fortress, the Coptic Museum, the Hanging Church, the Greek Church of St. George and many other Coptic churches and historical sites.

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Coptic language

Coptic or Coptic Egyptian (Bohairic: ti.met.rem.ən.khēmi and Sahidic: t.mənt.rəm.ən.kēme) is the latest stage of the Egyptian language, a northern Afro-Asiatic language spoken in Egypt until at least the 17th century.

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Coptic literature

Coptic literature is the body of writings in the Coptic language of Egypt, the last stage of the indigenous Egyptian language.

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Coptic monasticism

Coptic Monasticism is claimed to be the original form of Monasticism as St. Anthony of Egypt became the first one to be called "monk" (Gr: μοναχός) and he was the first to established a Christian monastery which is now known as the Monastery of Saint Anthony in the Red Sea area.

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Coptic Orthodox Church of Alexandria

The Coptic Orthodox Church of Alexandria (Coptic: Ϯⲉⲕ̀ⲕⲗⲏⲥⲓⲁ ̀ⲛⲣⲉⲙ̀ⲛⲭⲏⲙⲓ ⲛⲟⲣⲑⲟⲇⲟⲝⲟⲥ, ti.eklyseya en.remenkimi en.orthodoxos, literally: the Egyptian Orthodox Church) is an Oriental Orthodox Christian church based in Egypt, Northeast Africa and the Middle East.

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Corniche

A corniche is a road on the side of a cliff or mountain, with the ground rising on one side and falling away on the other.

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Corvée

Corvée is a form of unpaid, unfree labour, which is intermittent in nature and which lasts limited periods of time: typically only a certain number of days' work each year.

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Crossing the Red Sea

The Crossing of the Red Sea (Hebrew: קריעת ים סוף Kriat Yam Suph - Crossing of the Red Sea or Sea of Reeds) is part of the biblical narrative of the Exodus, the escape of the Israelites, led by Moses, from the pursuing Egyptians in the Book of Exodus.

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Culture of Egypt

The culture of Egypt has thousands of years of recorded history.

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Cusae

Cusae (Kusai; ⲕⲱⲥⲉⲓ or ⲕⲟⲥⲉⲓ) was a city in Upper Egypt, known to the Ancient Egyptians as Qis or Kis.

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Cyrenaica

Cyrenaica (Cyrenaica (Provincia), Κυρηναία (ἐπαρχία) Kyrēnaíā (eparkhíā), after the city of Cyrene; برقة) is the eastern coastal region of Libya.

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Cyril of Alexandria

Cyril of Alexandria (Κύριλλος Ἀλεξανδρείας; Ⲡⲁⲡⲁ Ⲕⲩⲣⲓⲗⲗⲟⲩ ⲁ̅ also ⲡⲓ̀ⲁⲅⲓⲟⲥ Ⲕⲓⲣⲓⲗⲗⲟⲥ; c. 376 – 444) was the Patriarch of Alexandria from 412 to 444.

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Dahshur

DahshurAlso transliterated Dahshour (in English often called Dashur; دهشور) is a royal necropolis located in the desert on the west bank of the Nile approximately south of Cairo.

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Dakhla Oasis

Dakhla Oasis (الداخلة), translates to the inner oasis, is one of the seven oases of Egypt's Western Desert.

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Dalida

Iolanda Cristina Gigliotti (17 January 1933 – 3 May 1987), better known as Dalida (داليدا), was a French-Italian-Egyptian singer and actress who spent most of her career in France.

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Damnatio memoriae

Damnatio memoriae is a modern Latin phrase literally meaning "condemnation of memory", meaning that a person must not be remembered.

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Danaus chrysippus

Danaus chrysippus, also known as the plain tiger or African queen, is a medium-sized butterfly widespread in Asia, Australia and Africa.

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Darius I

Darius I (Old Persian: Dārayava(h)uš, New Persian: rtl Dāryuš;; c. 550–486 BCE) was the fourth king of the Persian Achaemenid Empire.

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Darius II

Darius II (Old Persian: Dārayavahuš), was king of the Persian Empire from 423 BC to 404 or 405 BC.

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Darius the Great's Suez Inscriptions

Darius the Great's Suez Inscriptions were texts written in Old Persian, Elamite, Babylonian and Egyptian on five monuments erected in Wadi Tumilat, commemorating the opening of a canal between the Nile and the Bitter Lakes.

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David Rohl

David Michael Rohl (born 12 September 1950) is a British EgyptologistBennett, Chris.

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DB320

Tomb DB320 (now usually referred to as TT320) is located next to Deir el-Bahri, in the Theban Necropolis, opposite modern Luxor, and was found to contain an extraordinary cache of mummified remains and funeral equipment of more than 50 kings, queens, royalty and various nobility.

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Decree of Canopus

The Decree of Canopus is a trilingual inscription in three scripts, which dates from the Ptolemaic period of Ancient Egypt.

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Dedumose I

Djedhotepre Dedumose I was an Egyptian pharaoh of the Second Intermediate Period.

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Dedun

Dedun (or Dedwen) was a Nubian god worshipped during ancient times in that part of Africa and attested as early as 2400 BC.

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Deir el-Bahari

Deir el-Bahari or Dayr al-Bahri (الدير البحري al-Dayr al-Baḥrī "the Monastery of the Sea") is a complex of mortuary temples and tombs located on the west bank of the Nile, opposite the city of Luxor, Egypt.

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Deir el-Medina

Deir el-Medina (دير المدينة) is an ancient Egyptian village which was home to the artisans who worked on the tombs in the Valley of the Kings during the 18th to 20th dynasties of the New Kingdom period (ca. 1550–1080 BC)Oakes, p. 110 The settlement's ancient name was "Set Maat" (translated as "The Place of Truth"), and the workmen who lived there were called “Servants in the Place of Truth”.

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Demographics of Egypt

Egypt is the most populous country in the Arabic speaking world and the third-most populous on the African continent (after Nigeria and Ethiopia).

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Demotic (Egyptian)

Demotic (from δημοτικός dēmotikós, "popular") is the ancient Egyptian script derived from northern forms of hieratic used in the Nile Delta, and the stage of the Egyptian language written in this script, following Late Egyptian and preceding Coptic.

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Den (pharaoh)

Den, also known as Hor-Den, Dewen and Udimu, is the Horus name of a pharaoh of the Early Dynastic Period who ruled during the First Dynasty of Egypt.

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Dionysus-Osiris

Dionysus-Osiris, or alternatively, Osiris-Dionysus, is a deity that arises from the syncretism of the Egyptian god Osiris and the Greek god Dionysus.

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Divine Adoratrice of Amun

The Divine Adoratrice of Amun (Egyptian: dw3.t nṯr n ỉmn) was a second title – after the God's Wife of Amun – created for the chief priestess of the Ancient Egyptian deity, Amun.

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Djed

The djed (ِAncient Egyptian transliteration: ḏd, Coptic jōt "pillar", anglicized /dʒɛd/) is one of the more ancient and commonly found symbols in Egyptian mythology.

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Djedefre

Djedefre (also known as Djedefra and Ρετζεντέφ Radjedef) was an ancient Egyptian king (pharaoh) of the 4th dynasty during the Old Kingdom.

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Djediufankh

Djediufankh was an ancient Egyptian priest who lived between 2,000 and 4,000 years ago.

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Djedkare Isesi

Djedkare Isesi (known in Greek as Tancheres) was an Ancient Egyptian pharaoh, the eighth and penultimate ruler of the Fifth Dynasty in the late 25th century to mid-24th century BC, during the Old Kingdom period.

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Djedptahiufankh

Djedptahiufankh served as Second Prophet of Amun and Third Prophet of Amun during the reign of Shoshenq I of the 22nd Dynasty.

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Djehuti

Sekhemre Sementawy Djehuti (also Djehuty and other variants) was possibly the second king of the Theban 16th Dynasty reigning over parts of Upper Egypt during the Second Intermediate Period.

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Djer

Djer (or Zer or Sekhty) is considered the third pharaoh of the First Dynasty of ancient Egypt in current Egyptology.

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Djet

Djet, also known as Wadj, Zet, and Uadji (in Greek possibly the pharaoh known as Uenephes or possibly Atothis), was the fourth pharaoh of the First Dynasty.

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Djoser

Djoser (also read as Djeser and Zoser) was an ancient Egyptian pharaoh of the 3rd dynasty during the Old Kingdom and the founder of this epoch.

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Dodi Fayed

Emad El-Din Mohamed Abdel Mena'em El-Fayed (عماد الدين محمد أنور شاكر عبدالسيد الفايد), better known as Dodi Fayed (15 April 1955 – 31 August 1997), was the son of Egyptian billionaire Mohamed El Fayed.

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Duat

Duat (pronounced "do-aht") (also Tuat and Tuaut or Akert, Amenthes, Amenti, or Neter-khertet) was the realm of the dead in ancient Egyptian mythology.

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Earl of Carnarvon

Earl of Carnarvon is a title that has been created three times in British history.

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Early Dynastic Period (Egypt)

The Archaic or Early Dynastic Period of Egypt is the era immediately following the unification of Upper and Lower Egypt c. 3100 BC.

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Ebers Papyrus

The Ebers Papyrus, also known as Papyrus Ebers, is an Egyptian medical papyrus of herbal knowledge dating to circa 1550 BC.

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Economy of Egypt

The economy of Egypt was a highly centralized planned economy focused on import substitution under President Gamal Abdel Nasser.

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Edfu

Edfu (إدفو,; also spelt Idfu, or in modern French as Edfou, and known in antiquity as Behdet) is an Egyptian city, located on the west bank of the Nile River between Esna and Aswan, with a population of approximately sixty thousand people.

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Edwin Smith Papyrus

The Edwin Smith Papyrus is an ancient Egyptian medical text, named after the dealer who bought it in 1862, and the oldest known surgical treatise on trauma.

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Eftekasat

Eftekasat (افتكاسات) is an Egyptian Oriental jazz band that was established in late 2001 and gave its debut performance in February 2002 at the Cairo Jazz Club.

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Egypt

Egypt (مِصر, مَصر, Khēmi), officially the Arab Republic of Egypt, is a transcontinental country spanning the northeast corner of Africa and southwest corner of Asia by a land bridge formed by the Sinai Peninsula.

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Egypt (Roman province)

The Roman province of Egypt (Aigyptos) was established in 30 BC after Octavian (the future emperor Augustus) defeated his rival Mark Antony, deposed Queen Cleopatra VII, and annexed the Ptolemaic Kingdom of Egypt to the Roman Empire.

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Egypt during World War II

In 1882, Egypt was occupied by the United Kingdom, following the Orabi Revolt against the Egyptian khedive.

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Egypt in the Middle Ages

Following the Islamic conquest in 639 AD, Lower Egypt was ruled at first by governors acting in the name of the Rashidun Caliphs and then the Ummayad Caliphs in Damascus, but in 747 the Ummayads were overthrown.

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Egypt–Ethiopia relations

Egypt–Ethiopia relations refer to the bilateral relations between the governments of Egypt and Ethiopia.

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Egypt–Israel Peace Treaty

The Egypt–Israel Peace Treaty (معاهدة السلام المصرية الإسرائيلية, Mu`āhadat as-Salām al-Misrīyah al-'Isrā'īlīyah; הסכם השלום בין ישראל למצרים, Heskem HaShalom Bein Yisrael LeMitzrayim) was signed in Washington, D.C., United States on 26 March 1979, following the 1978 Camp David Accords.

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Egyptian Arabic

Egyptian Arabic, locally known as the Egyptian colloquial language or Masri, also spelled Masry, meaning simply "Egyptian", is spoken by most contemporary Egyptians.

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Egyptian Armed Forces

The Egyptian Armed Forces are the state military organisation responsible for the defence of Egypt.

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Egyptian astrology

Egyptian astrology may refer to.

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Egyptian astronomy

Egyptian astronomy begins in prehistoric times, in the Predynastic Period.

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Egyptian calendar

The ancient Egyptian calendar was a solar calendar with a 365-day year.

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Egyptian chronology

The majority of Egyptologists agree on the outline and many details of the chronology of Ancient Egypt.

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Egyptian Civil Code

The Egyptian Civil Code is the primary source of civil law for Egypt.

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Egyptian cuisine

Egyptian cuisine is characterized by dishes such as ful medames, mashed fava beans; kushari, with lentils and pasta, a national dish; and molokhiya, bush okra stew.

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Egyptian diaspora

Egyptian diaspora consists of citizens of Egypt abroad sharing a common culture and Egyptian Arabic language.

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Egyptian faience

Egyptian faience is a sintered-quartz ceramic displaying surface vitrification which creates a bright lustre of various colours, with blue-green being the most common.

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Egyptian hieroglyphs

Egyptian hieroglyphs were the formal writing system used in Ancient Egypt.

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Egyptian Islamic Jihad

The Egyptian Islamic Jihad (الجهاد الإسلامي المصري) (EIJ), formerly called simply Islamic Jihad (الجهاد الإسلامي and "Liberation Army for Holy Sites"), originally referred to as al-Jihad, and then the Jihad Group, or the Jihad Organization, is an Egyptian Islamist terrorist group active since the late 1970s.

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Egyptian language

The Egyptian language was spoken in ancient Egypt and was a branch of the Afro-Asiatic languages.

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Egyptian Museum

The Museum of Egyptian Antiquities, known commonly as the Egyptian Museum or Museum of Cairo, in Cairo, Egypt, is home to an extensive collection of ancient Egyptian antiquities.

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Egyptian numerals

The system of ancient Egyptian numerals was used in Ancient Egypt from around 3000 BC until the early first millennium AD.

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Egyptian pyramids

The Egyptian pyramids are ancient pyramid-shaped masonry structures located in Egypt.

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Egyptian Revival architecture

Egyptian revival is an architectural style that uses the motifs and imagery of ancient Egypt.

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Egyptians

Egyptians (مَصريين;; مِصريّون; Ni/rem/en/kīmi) are an ethnic group native to Egypt and the citizens of that country sharing a common culture and a common dialect known as Egyptian Arabic.

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Egyptology

Egyptology (from Egypt and Greek -λογία, -logia. علم المصريات) is the study of ancient Egyptian history, language, literature, religion, architecture and art from the 5th millennium BC until the end of its native religious practices in the 4th century AD.

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Eighteenth Dynasty of Egypt

The Eighteenth Dynasty of Egypt (notated Dynasty XVIII, alternatively 18th Dynasty or Dynasty 18) is classified as the first Dynasty of the Ancient Egyptian New Kingdom period, lasting from 1549/1550 BC to 1292 BC.

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Eighteenth Dynasty of Egypt family tree

01 18 Family tree.

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Eighth Dynasty of Egypt

The Eighth Dynasty of ancient Egypt (Dynasty VIII) is a poorly known line of short-lived pharaohs reigning in the early 22nd century BC, a troubled time referred to as the very end of the Old Kingdom or the beginning of the First Intermediate Period.

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El Alamein

El Alamein (العلمين.,, literally "the two worlds") is a town in the northern Matrouh Governorate of Egypt.

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El Hiba

El Hiba (alt. el-Hibeh; Arabic الحيبة) is the modern name of the ancient Egyptian city of Tayu-djayet (t3yw-ḏ3yt), an ancient nickname meaning "their walls" in reference to the massive enclosure walls built on the site.

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El Kab

El Kab (or better Elkab) is an Upper Egyptian site on the east bank of the Nile at the mouth of the Wadi Hillal about south of Luxor (ancient Thebes).

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El Lahun

El Lahun (اللاهون El Lāhūn, alt. Illahun, Lahun, or Kahun) is a village in Faiyum, Egypt.

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El Mahalla El Kubra

El Mahalla El Kubra (المحلة الكبرى) – commonly shortened to – is a large industrial and agricultural city in Egypt, located in the middle of the Nile Delta on the western bank of the Damietta Branch tributary.

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El Qurn

El Qorn (القرن lit. "the horn"), is the highest point (420 m) in the Theban Hills, located on the western bank of the Nile, opposite Thebes, modern Luxor.

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Elephantine

Elephantine (Gazīrat il-Fantīn; Ἐλεφαντίνη) is an island on the Nile, forming part of the city of Aswan in Upper Egypt.

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Elephantine papyri

The Elephantine Papyri consist of 175 documents from the Egyptian border fortresses of Elephantine and Syene (Aswan), which yielded hundreds of papyri in Hieratic and Demotic Egyptian, Aramaic, Greek, Latin and Coptic, spanning a period of 2000 years.

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Eleventh Dynasty of Egypt

The Eleventh Dynasty of ancient Egypt (notated Dynasty XI) is a well-attested group of rulers.

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Embalming

Embalming is the art and science of preserving human remains by treating them (in its modern form with chemicals) to forestall decomposition.

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Ennead

The Ennead or Great Ennead was a group of nine deities in Egyptian mythology worshiped at Heliopolis: the sun god Atum; his children Shu and Tefnut; their children Geb and Nut; and their children Osiris, Isis, Seth, and Nephthys.

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Eratosthenes

Eratosthenes of Cyrene (Ἐρατοσθένης ὁ Κυρηναῖος,; –) was a Greek mathematician, geographer, poet, astronomer, and music theorist.

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Erwin Rommel

Erwin Rommel (15 November 1891 – 14 October 1944) was a German general and military theorist.

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Esna

Esna (إسنا), known to the ancient Egyptians as Egyptian: jwny.t or t3-snt; Coptic (Sahidic): ⲥⲛⲏ (Snē), which derives from t3-snt; Greek: Λατόπολις (Latopolis or Letopolis) or πόλις Λάτων (Polis Laton) or Λάττων (Latton); Latin: Lato, is a city in Egypt.

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Euclid

Euclid (Εὐκλείδης Eukleidēs; fl. 300 BC), sometimes given the name Euclid of Alexandria to distinguish him from Euclides of Megara, was a Greek mathematician, often referred to as the "founder of geometry" or the "father of geometry".

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Eye of Horus

The Eye of Horus is an ancient Egyptian symbol of protection, royal power, and good health.

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Faience

Faience or faïence is the conventional name in English for fine tin-glazed pottery on a delicate pale buff earthenware body.

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Faiyum

Faiyum (الفيوم; ̀Ⲫⲓⲟⲙ or Ⲫⲓⲱⲙ) is a city in Middle Egypt.

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Family tree of the Twenty-first, Twenty-second, and Twenty-third Dynasties of Egypt

The Twenty-first, Twenty-second, and Twenty-third Dynasties ruled Egypt from the 10th century through the 8th century BC.

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Farafra, Egypt

The Farafra depression (واحة الفرافرة) is a geological depression, the second biggest by size in Western Egypt and the smallest by population, near latitude 27.06° north and longitude 27.97° east.

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Farouk of Egypt

Farouk I (فاروق الأول Fārūq al-Awwal; 11 February 1920 – 18 March 1965) was the tenth ruler of Egypt from the Muhammad Ali dynasty and the penultimate King of Egypt and the Sudan, succeeding his father, Fuad I, in 1936.

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Fatimid Caliphate

The Fatimid Caliphate was an Islamic caliphate that spanned a large area of North Africa, from the Red Sea in the east to the Atlantic Ocean in the west.

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Fawzia Fuad of Egypt

Fawzia Fuad of Egypt (5 November 1921 – 2 July 2013), also known as Muluk Fawzia of Iran, was an Egyptian princess who became Queen of Iran as the first wife of Mohammad Reza Pahlavi.

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Fifi Abdou

Fifi Abdouu (فيفى عبده) (born Atiyat Abdul Fattah Ibrahim عطيات عبد الفتاح إبراهيم,; April 26, 1953) is an Egyptian belly dancer and actress.

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Fifteenth Dynasty of Egypt

The 15th, 16th, and 17th Dynasties of ancient Egypt are often combined under the group title, Second Intermediate Period.

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Fifth Dynasty of Egypt

The Fifth Dynasty of ancient Egypt (notated Dynasty V) is often combined with Dynasties III, IV and VI under the group title the Old Kingdom.

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First Battle of El Alamein

The First Battle of El Alamein (1–27 July 1942) was a battle of the Western Desert Campaign of the Second World War, fought in Egypt between Axis forces (Germany and Italy) of the Panzer Army Africa (Panzerarmee Afrika, which included the Afrika Korps) (Field Marshal (Generalfeldmarschall) Erwin Rommel) and Allied (British Imperial and Commonwealth) forces (Britain, British India, Australia, South Africa and New Zealand) of the Eighth Army (General Claude Auchinleck).

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First Dynasty of Egypt

The First Dynasty of ancient Egypt (Dynasty I) covers the first series of Egyptian kings to rule over a unified Egypt.

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First Intermediate Period of Egypt

The First Intermediate Period, often described as a "dark period" in ancient Egyptian history, spanned approximately one hundred and twenty-five years, from c. 2181–2055 BC, after the end of the Old Kingdom. It comprises the seventh (although it is mostly considered spurious by Egyptologists), eighth, ninth, tenth, and part of the eleventh dynasties. Very little monumental evidence survives from this period, especially towards the beginning of the era. The First Intermediate Period was a dynamic time in history where rule of Egypt was roughly divided between two competing power bases. One of those bases resided at Heracleopolis in Lower Egypt, a city just south of the Faiyum region. The other resided at Thebes in Upper Egypt. It is believed that during this time, the temples were pillaged and violated, their existing artwork was vandalized, and the statues of kings were broken or destroyed as a result of this alleged political chaos. These two kingdoms would eventually come into conflict, with the Theban kings conquering the north, resulting in reunification of Egypt under a single ruler during the second part of the eleventh dynasty.

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Flinders Petrie

Sir William Matthew Flinders Petrie, FRS, FBA (3 June 1853 – 28 July 1942), commonly known as Flinders Petrie, was an English Egyptologist and a pioneer of systematic methodology in archaeology and preservation of artifacts.

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Foreign relations of Egypt

Foreign relations of the Arab Republic of Egypt are the Egyptian government's external relations with the outside world.

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Four sons of Horus

The four sons of Horus were a group of four gods in Egyptian religion, who were essentially the personifications of the four canopic jars, which accompanied mummified bodies.

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Fourteenth Dynasty of Egypt

The Fourteenth Dynasty of Egypt was a series of rulers reigning during the Second Intermediate Period over the Nile Delta region of Egypt.

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Fourth Dynasty of Egypt

The Fourth Dynasty of ancient Egypt (notated Dynasty IV or Dynasty 4) is characterized as a "golden age" of the Old Kingdom of Egypt.

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Fourth Dynasty of Egypt family tree

Family tree of the Fourth Dynasty of Egypt, ruling ancient Egypt in the 27th century BCE to the 25th century BCE.

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François-Paul Brueys d'Aigalliers

Vice-Admiral François-Paul Brueys d'Aigalliers, Comte de Brueys (February 12, 1753 – August 1, 1798) was the French commander in the Battle of the Nile, in which the French Revolutionary Navy was defeated by Royal Navy forces under Admiral Horatio Nelson.

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French campaign in Egypt and Syria

The French Campaign in Egypt and Syria (1798–1801) was Napoleon Bonaparte's campaign in the Ottoman territories of Egypt and Syria, proclaimed to defend French trade interests, weaken Britain's access to British India, and to establish scientific enterprise in the region.

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Fuad I of Egypt

Fuad I (فؤاد الأول Fu’ād al-Awwal, I.; 26 March 1868 – 28 April 1936) was the Sultan and later King of Egypt and Sudan, Sovereign of Nubia, Kordofan, and Darfur.

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Fuad II of Egypt

Fuad II (II.; born 16 January 1952 as Prince Ahmad Fuad) is a member of the Egyptian Muhammad Ali dynasty.

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Fustat

Fustat (الفسطاط al-Fusţāţ), also Fostat, Al Fustat, Misr al-Fustat and Fustat-Misr, was the first capital of Egypt under Muslim rule.

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Gamal Abdel Nasser

Gamal Abdel Nasser Hussein (جمال عبد الناصر حسين,; 15 January 1918 – 28 September 1970) was the second President of Egypt, serving from 1956 until his death in 1970.

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Gamal Mubarak

Gamal Al Din Mohammed Hosni Ei Sayed Mubarak (جمال الدين محمد حسنى سيد مبارك), (born 27 December 1963), is the younger of the two sons of former Egyptian President Hosni Mubarak and former First Lady Suzanne Mubarak.

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Gaston Maspero

Sir Gaston Camille Charles Maspero (June 23, 1846 – June 30, 1916) was a French Egyptologist known for popularizing the term "Sea Peoples" in an 1881 paper.

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Gates of Cairo

The Gates of Cairo were gates at portals in the city walls of medieval Islamic Cairo, within the present day city of Cairo, Egypt.

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Geb

Geb was the Egyptian god of the Earth and later a member of the Ennead of Heliopolis.

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Geography of Egypt

The geography of Egypt relates to two regions: North Africa and Southwest Asia.

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Georg Ebers

Georg Moritz Ebers (Berlin, March 1, 1837 – Tutzing, Bavaria, August 7, 1898), German Egyptologist and novelist, discovered the Egyptian medical papyrus, of ca. 1550 BCE, named for him (see Ebers Papyrus) at Luxor (Thebes) in the winter of 1873–74.

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Geriatric medicine in Egypt

Geriatric medicine in Egypt as a speciality was introduced in 1982, and in 1984 a Geriatrics and Gerontology unit in Ain Shams University Faculty of Medicine was established.

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Gerzeh culture

Gerzeh (also Girza or Jirzah) was a prehistoric Egyptian cemetery located along the west bank of the Nile.

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Gilukhipa

Gilukhipa, or more probable Kilu-Hepa in Hurrian language, in the Egyptian language Kirgipa (fl. early 14th c. BCE), was the daughter of Shuttarna II, king of Mitanni.

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Giza

Giza (sometimes spelled Gizah or Jizah; الجيزة; ϯⲡⲉⲣⲥⲏⲥ, ⲅⲓⲍⲁ) is the third-largest city in Egypt and the capital of the Giza Governorate.

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Giza pyramid complex

The Giza pyramid complex (أهرامات الجيزة,, "pyramids of Giza") is an archaeological site on the Giza Plateau, on the outskirts of Cairo, Egypt.

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God's Wife of Amun

God's Wife of Amun (Egyptian: ḥm.t nṯr n ỉmn) was the highest-ranking priestess of the Amun cult, an important religious institution in ancient Egypt.

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Governorates of Egypt

For administrative purposes, Egypt is divided into twenty-seven governorates (محافظة;; genitive case:; plural: محافظات). Egyptian governorates are the top tier of the country's jurisdiction hierarchy.

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Great Hymn to the Aten

The Great Hymn to the Aten is the longest of one of a number of hymn-poems written to the sun-disk deity Aten.

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Great Pyramid of Giza

The Great Pyramid of Giza (also known as the Pyramid of Khufu or the Pyramid of Cheops) is the oldest and largest of the three pyramids in the Giza pyramid complex bordering what is now El Giza, Egypt.

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Great Sand Sea

The Great Sand Sea is an approximately 72,000 km² sand desert region in North Africa stretching between western Egypt and eastern Libya.

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Great Sphinx of Giza

The Great Sphinx of Giza (translit,, The Terrifying One; literally: Father of Dread), commonly referred to as the Sphinx of Giza or just the Sphinx, is a limestone statue of a reclining sphinx, a mythical creature with the body of a lion and the head of a human.

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Hapi (Nile god)

Hapi was the god of the annual flooding of the Nile in ancient Egyptian religion.

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Harsiese A

King Hedjkheperre Setepenamun Harsiese or Harsiese A, is viewed by the Egyptologist Kenneth Kitchen in his Third Intermediate Period in Egypt, to be both a "High Priest of Amun" and the son of the High Priest of Amun Shoshenq C. The archaeological evidence does suggest that he was indeed Shoshenq C's son.

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Harsiese B

Harsiese B was a High Priest of Amun in 874 BC.

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Hassan Allam

Hassan Mohammed Allam (1903 – 3 January 1976) was one of the pioneers of modern construction in Egypt.

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Hathor

Hathor (or; Egyptian:; in Ἅθωρ, meaning "mansion of Horus")Hathor and Thoth: two key figures of the ancient Egyptian religion, Claas Jouco Bleeker, pp.

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Hatmehit

Hatmehit, or Hatmehyt (reconstructed to have been pronounced *Hāwit-Maḥūyat in Egyptian) in the ancient Egyptian religion was a fish-goddess in the area around the delta city of Per-banebdjedet (called Mendes in ancient greek).

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Hatshepsut

Hatshepsut (also Hatchepsut; Egyptian: ḥꜣt-šps.wt "Foremost of Noble Ladies"; 1507–1458 BCE) was the fifth pharaoh of the Eighteenth Dynasty of Egypt.

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Hawara

Hawara is an archaeological site of Ancient Egypt, south of the site of Crocodilopolis ('Arsinoe', also known as 'Medinet al-Faiyum') at the entrance to the depression of the Fayyum oasis.

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Hedetet

Hededet or Hedjedjet (ḥdd.t) is a scorpion goddess of the ancient Egyptian religion.

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Heh (god)

Ḥeḥ (also Huh, Hah, Hauh, Huah, Hahuh and Hehu) was the personification of infinity or eternity in the Ogdoad in Egyptian mythology.

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Heineken brands

Heineken International is a group which owns a worldwide portfolio of over 170 beer brands, mainly pale lager, though some other beer styles are produced.

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Heka (god)

Heka (ḥk3(w); Coptic: hik; also transliterated Hekau) was the deification of magic and medicine in ancient Egypt.

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Heliopolis (ancient Egypt)

Heliopolis was a major city of ancient Egypt.

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Heliopolis, Cairo

Heliopolis (مصر الجديدة,,, "New Egypt") was a suburb outside Cairo, Egypt, which has since merged with Cairo as a district of the city and is one of the more affluent areas of Cairo.

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Hellenistic astrology

Hellenistic astrology is a tradition of horoscopic astrology that was developed and practiced in the late Hellenistic period in and around the Mediterranean region, especially in Egypt.

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Hemen

In Egyptian mythology, Hemen was a falcon–god.

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Hemiunu

Hemiunu (fl. 2570 BC) is believed to be the architect of the Great Pyramid of Giza, Egypt.

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Hemsut

In Egyptian mythology, Hemsut (or Hemuset) were the Goddesses of Fate, destiny and protection in Ancient Egypt.

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Heqet

Heqet (Egyptian ḥqt, also ḥqtyt "Heqtit") is an Egyptian goddess of fertility, identified with Hathor, represented in the form of a frog.

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Heracleopolis Magna

Heracleopolis Magna (Μεγάλη Ἡρακλέους πόλις, Megálē Herakléous pólis) or Heracleopolis (Ἡρακλεόπολις, Herakleópolis) is the Roman name of the capital of the 20th nome of ancient Upper Egypt.

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Herihor

Herihor was an Egyptian army officer and High Priest of Amun at Thebes (1080 BC to 1074 BC) during the reign of Pharaoh Ramesses XI.

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Hermanubis

In classical mythology, Hermanubis (translit) was a god who combined Hermes (Greek mythology) with Anubis (Egyptian mythology).

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Hesat

Hesat is an ancient Egyptian goddess in the form of a cow.

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Hetepheres II

Hetepheres II was a Queen of Ancient Egypt during the 4th dynasty.

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Hieratic

Hieratic (priestly) is a cursive writing system used in the provenance of the pharaohs in Egypt.

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History of ancient Egypt

The history of ancient Egypt spans the period from the early prehistoric settlements of the northern Nile valley to the Roman conquest, in 30 BC.

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History of Egypt

The history of Egypt has been long and rich, due to the flow of the Nile River with its fertile banks and delta, as well as the accomplishments of Egypt's native inhabitants and outside influence.

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History of Egypt under the Muhammad Ali dynasty

The history of Egypt under the Muhammad Ali Pasha dynasty (1805–1953) spanned the later period of Ottoman Egypt, the Khedivate of Egypt under British patronage, and the nominally independent Sultanate of Egypt and Kingdom of Egypt, ending with the Revolution of 1952 and the formation of the Republic of Egypt.

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History of modern Egypt

According to most scholars the history of modern Egypt dates from the emergence of Muhammad Ali's rule in the early 19th century and his launching of Egypt's modernization project that involved building a new army and suggesting a new map for Egypt.

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History of Persian Egypt

The history of Persian Egypt is divided into three eras.

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History of the Middle East

Home to the Cradle of Civilization, the Middle East (usually interchangeable with the Near East) has seen many of the world's oldest cultures and civilizations.

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Horemheb

Horemheb (sometimes spelled Horemhab or Haremhab and meaning Horus is in Jubilation) was the last pharaoh of the 18th Dynasty of Egypt.

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Horus

Horus is one of the most significant ancient Egyptian deities.

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Hosni Mubarak

Muhammad Hosni El Sayed Mubarak (محمد حسني السيد مبارك,,; born 4 May 1928) is a former Egyptian military and political leader who served as the fourth President of Egypt from 1981 to 2011.

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Howard Carter

Howard Carter (9 May 18742 March 1939) was a British archaeologist and Egyptologist who became world-famous after discovering the intact tomb (designated KV62) of the 18th Dynasty Pharaoh, Tutankhamun (colloquially known as "King Tut" and "the boy king"), in November 1922.

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Huni

Huni (original reading unknown) was an ancient Egyptian king and the last pharaoh of the 3rd dynasty during the Old Kingdom period.

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Hurghada

Hurghada (الغردقة) is a city in the Red Sea Governorate of Egypt.

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Hyksos

The Hyksos (or; Egyptian heqa khasut, "ruler(s) of the foreign countries"; Ὑκσώς, Ὑξώς) were a people of mixed origins, possibly from Western Asia, who settled in the eastern Nile Delta some time before 1650 BC.

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Hypatia

Hypatia (born 350–370; died 415 AD) was a Hellenistic Neoplatonist philosopher, astronomer, and mathematician, who lived in Alexandria, Egypt, then part of the Eastern Roman Empire.

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Ibn al-Haytham

Hasan Ibn al-Haytham (Latinized Alhazen; full name أبو علي، الحسن بن الحسن بن الهيثم) was an Arab mathematician, astronomer, and physicist of the Islamic Golden Age.

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Imhotep

Imhotep (Egyptian: ỉỉ-m-ḥtp *jā-im-ḥātap, in Unicode hieroglyphs: 𓇍𓅓𓊵:𓏏*𓊪, "the one who comes in peace"; fl. late 27th century BC) was an Egyptian chancellor to the pharaoh Djoser, probable architect of the step pyramid, and high priest of the sun god Ra at Heliopolis.

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Imiut fetish

The Imiut fetish (jmy-wt) is a religious object that has been documented throughout the history of Ancient Egypt.

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Imyremeshaw

Smenkhkare Imyremeshaw was an Egyptian pharaoh of the mid 13th dynasty during the Second Intermediate Period.

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Ineni

Ineni (sometimes transliterated as Anena) was an Ancient Egyptian architect and government official of the 18th Dynasty, responsible for major construction projects under the pharaohs Amenhotep I, Thutmose I, Thutmose II and the joint reigns of Hatshepsut and Thutmose III.

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Intef I

Sehertawy Intef I was a local nomarch at Thebes during the early First Intermediate Period and the first member of the 11th Dynasty to lay claim to a Horus name.

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Intef II

Wahankh Intef II (also Inyotef II and Antef II) was the third ruler of the Eleventh Dynasty of Egypt during the First Intermediate Period.

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Intef III

Intef III was the third pharaoh of the Eleventh Dynasty of Egypt during the late First Intermediate Period in the 21st century BC, at a time when Egypt was divided in two kingdoms.

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Ipuwer Papyrus

The Ipuwer Papyrus (officially Papyrus Leiden I 344 recto) is an ancient Egyptian hieratic papyrus made during the Nineteenth Dynasty of Egypt, and now held in the Dutch National Museum of Antiquities in Leiden, Netherlands.

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Iry-Hor

Iry-Hor or Ro (as read by the Egyptologist Flinders Petrie)Flinders Petrie: The Royal tombs of the earliest dynasties, 1900, pp.

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Isetnofret

Isetnofret (or Isis-nofret or Isitnofret) (Ancient Egyptian: "the beautiful Isis") was one of the Great Royal Wives of Pharaoh Ramesses II and was the mother of his heir, Merneptah.

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Ishara

Ishara is an ancient deity of unknown origin from northern modern Syria.

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Isis

Isis was a major goddess in ancient Egyptian religion whose worship spread throughout the Greco-Roman world.

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Islamic Cairo

Islamic Cairo (قاهرة المعز, Qahirat al-Maez) is a part of central Cairo around the old walled city and around the Citadel of Cairo which is characterized by hundreds of mosques, tombs, madrasas, mansions, caravanserais, and fortifications dating from the Islamic era.

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Itjtawy

Itjtawy (full Egyptian name Amenemhat-itj-tawy — "Amenemhat, Seizer of the Two Lands"), is the as yet unidentified location of the royal city founded by Twelfth Dynasty Egyptian King Amenemhat I, who ruled from about 1991 BC to 1962 BC, during year 20 of his reign.

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Iunit

Iunit was a minor goddess in ancient Egyptian religion, whose name means "She of Armant".

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Iuput I

Iuput I (or Auput I) was an ancient Egyptian co-regent of his father pharaoh Pedubast I during the early 23rd Dynasty.

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Iuput II

Iuput II (also spelled Auput II) was a ruler of Leontopolis, in the Nile Delta region of Lower Egypt, who reigned during the 8th century BC, in the late Third Intermediate Period.

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James Henry Breasted

James Henry Breasted (August 27, 1865 – December 2, 1935) was an American archaeologist, Egyptologist, and historian.

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Jean-François Champollion

Jean-François Champollion (Champollion le jeune; 23 December 17904 March 1832) was a French scholar, philologist and orientalist, known primarily as the decipherer of Egyptian hieroglyphs and a founding figure in the field of Egyptology.

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Jebel Barkal

Jebel Barkal or Gebel Barkal (جبل بركل) is a very small mountain located some 400 km north of Khartoum, in Karima town in Northern State in Sudan, on a large bend of the Nile River, in the region called Nubia.

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Karl Richard Lepsius

Karl or Carl Richard Lepsius (23 December 1810– 10 July 1884) was a pioneering Prussian Egyptologist and linguist and pioneer of modern archaeology.

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Karnak

The Karnak Temple Complex, commonly known as Karnak (from Arabic Ka-Ranak meaning "fortified village"), comprises a vast mix of decayed temples, chapels, pylons, and other buildings in Egypt.

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Kashta

Kashta was a king of the Kushite Dynasty and the successor of Alara.

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Kebechet

In Egyptian mythology, Kebechet (spelt in hieroglyphs as Qeb-Hwt, and also transliterated as Khebhut, Kebehut, Qébéhout, Kabehchet and Kebehwet) is a goddess, a deification of embalming liquid.

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Kent R. Weeks

Kent R. Weeks (born December 16, 1941) is an American Egyptologist.

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Khafra

Khafra (also read as Khafre, Khefren and Χεφρήν Chephren) was an ancient Egyptian king (pharaoh) of the 4th dynasty during the Old Kingdom.

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Kharga Oasis

The Kharga Oasis (الخارجة), (meaning "the outer") is the southernmost of Egypt's five western oases.

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Khensit

In Egyptian mythology, Chensit (also spelled Khensit), which means placenta, was the patron goddess of the twentieth nome of Lower Egypt.

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Khenti-kheti

In Egyptian mythology, Khenti-kheti (also spelt Chenti-cheti), was a crocodile-god, though he was later represented as a falcon-god.

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Khentkaus II

Khentkaus II (2475 BC – 2445 BC) was a queen of Egypt.

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Khepri

Khepri (Egyptian: ḫprj, also transliterated Khepera, Kheper, Khepra, Chepri) is a god in the ancient Egyptian religion.

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Khnum

Khnum (also spelled Khnemu) was one of the earliest Egyptian deities, originally the god of the source of the Nile River.

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Khonsu

Khonsu (also Chonsu, Khensu, Khons, Chons or Khonshu) is the Ancient Egyptian god of the moon.

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Kingdom of Kush

The Kingdom of Kush or Kush was an ancient kingdom in Nubia, located at the confluences of the Blue Nile, White Nile and the Atbarah River in what are now Sudan and South Sudan.

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Kiya

Kiya was one of the wives of the Egyptian Pharaoh Akhenaten.

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Kneph

Kneph is a motif in Ancient Egyptian religious art, variously a winged egg, a globe surrounded by one or more serpents, or Amun in the form of a serpent called Kematef.

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Kohl (cosmetics)

Kohl (كُحْل) is an ancient eye cosmetic, traditionally made by grinding stibnite (Sb2S3) for similar purposes to charcoal used in mascara.

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Kom Ombo

Kom Ombo (كوم أمبو, Ⲉⲙⲃⲱ Embo, Ὄμβοι Omboi, Ptol. iv. 5. § 73; Steph. B. s. v.; It. Anton. p. 165) or Ombos (Juv. xv. 35) or Latin: Ambo (Not. Imp. sect. 20) and Ombi – is an agricultural town in Egypt famous for the Temple of Kom Ombo.

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KV1

Tomb KV1, located in the Valley of the Kings in Egypt, was used for the burial of Pharaoh Ramesses VII of the Twentieth Dynasty.

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KV14

Tomb KV14 is a joint tomb, used originally by Twosret and then reused and extended by Setnakhte.

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KV17

Tomb KV17, located in Egypt's Valley of the Kings and also known by the names "Belzoni's tomb", "the Tomb of Apis", and "the Tomb of Psammis, son of Nechois", is the tomb of Pharaoh Seti I of the Nineteenth Dynasty.

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KV2

Tomb KV2, found in the Valley of the Kings, is the tomb of Ramesses IV, and is located low down in the main valley, between KV7 and KV1.

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KV20

KV20 is a tomb in the Valley of the Kings (Egypt).

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KV3

Tomb KV3, located in Egypt's Valley of the Kings, was intended for the burial of an unidentified son of Pharaoh Ramesses III during the early part of the Twentieth Dynasty.

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KV34

Tomb KV34 in the Valley of the Kings (near the modern-day Egyptian city of Luxor) was the tomb of 18th dynasty Pharaoh Thutmose III.

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KV35

Tomb KV35 is an ancient Egyptian tomb located in the Valley of the Kings in Luxor, Egypt.

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KV39

Tomb KV39 in Egypt's Valley of the Kings is one of the possible locations of the tomb of Pharaoh Amenhotep I. It is located high in the cliffs, away from the main valley bottom and other royal burials.

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KV4

KV4 is a tomb in the Valley of the Kings (Egypt).

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KV42

Tomb KV42 is an ancient Egyptian tomb located in the Valley of the Kings in Egypt.

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KV43

Tomb KV43 is the tomb of Pharaoh Thutmose IV in the Valley of the Kings in Luxor, Egypt.

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KV46

Tomb KV46 in the Valley of the Kings is the tomb of Yuya and his wife Tjuyu, the parents of Queen Tiye, the wife of Amenhotep III, and King Ay.

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KV5

Tomb KV5 is a subterranean, rock-cut tomb in the Valley of the Kings.

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KV55

KV55 is a tomb in the Valley of the Kings in Egypt.

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KV6

Tomb KV6 in Egypt's Valley of the Kings was the final resting place of the 20th-dynasty Pharaoh Ramesses IX.

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KV60

Tomb KV60 in Egypt's Valley of the Kings is one of the more perplexing tombs of the Theban Necropolis, due to the uncertainty over the identity of one female mummy found there (KV60A), thought by some, such as the noted Egyptologist Elizabeth Thomas, to be that of 18th dynasty Pharaoh Hatshepsut.

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KV62

KV62 is the standard Egyptological designation for the tomb of the young pharaoh Tutankhamun in the Valley of the Kings, now renowned for the wealth of valuable antiquities it contained.

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KV7

Tomb KV7 in the Valley of the Kings was the final resting place of Ancient Egyptian Pharaoh Ramesses II ("Ramesses the Great") of the Nineteenth Dynasty.

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KV9

Tomb KV9 in Egypt's Valley of the Kings was originally constructed by Pharaoh Ramesses V. He was interred here, but his uncle, Ramesses VI, later reused the tomb as his own.

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Lake Mariout

Lake Mariout (بحيرة مريوط,, also spelled Maryut or Mariut, is a brackish lake in northern Egypt. The lake area covered 200 km² and had a navigable canal at the beginning of the 20th century, but at the beginning of the 21st century, it covers only about 50 km².

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Lake Nasser

Lake Nasser (بحيرة ناصر) is a vast reservoir in southern Egypt and northern Sudan.

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Land of Goshen

The Land of Goshen (אֶרֶץ גֹּשֶׁן or Eretz Gošen) is named in the Bible as the place in Egypt given to the Hebrews by the pharaoh of Joseph, and the land from which they later left Egypt at the time of the Exodus.

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Land of Punt

The Land of Punt, also called Pwenet or Pwene by the ancient Egyptians, was an ancient kingdom.

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Late Egyptian language

Late Egyptian is the stage of the Egyptian language that was written by the time of the New Kingdom of Egypt around 1350 BC – the Amarna Period.

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Late Period of ancient Egypt

The Late Period of ancient Egypt refers to the last flowering of native Egyptian rulers after the Third Intermediate Period from the 26th Saite Dynasty into Achaemenid Persian conquests and ended with the conquest by Alexander the Great and establishment of the Ptolemaic Kingdom.

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Leonardo da Vinci Art Institute

The Leonardo da Vinci Art Institute was an Italian art institute located in Cairo, Egypt during World War II.

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Leontopolis

Leontopolis was an Ancient Egyptian city located in the Nile Delta, Lower Egypt.

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LGBT rights in Egypt

Lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT) persons in Egypt face legal challenges not experienced by non-LGBT residents.

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Library of Alexandria

The Royal Library of Alexandria or Ancient Library of Alexandria in Alexandria, Egypt, was one of the largest and most significant libraries of the ancient world.

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Libyan Desert

The Libyan Desert forms the northern and eastern part of the Sahara Desert.

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Lisht

Lisht or el-Lisht is an Egyptian village located south of Cairo.

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List of ancient Egyptian dynasties

In Ancient Egyptian history, dynasties are series of rulers sharing a common origin.

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List of ancient Egyptian sites

This is a list of ancient Egyptian sites, throughout all of Egypt and Nubia.

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List of burials in the Valley of the Kings

The following is a list of burials in the Valley of the Kings, in Thebes (modern Luxor in Egypt) and nearby areas.

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List of cities and towns in Egypt

No description.

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List of Coptic Orthodox Popes of Alexandria

The following is a list of all of the Coptic Orthodox Popes of Alexandria who have led the Coptic Orthodox Church of Alexandria and have succeeded the Apostle Mark the Evangelist in the office of Bishop of Alexandria, who founded the Church in the 1st century, and therefore marked the beginning of Christianity in Africa.

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List of Coptic place names

Below is list of Coptic place names for places in Egypt (Kaami) and the Middle East.

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List of Egyptians

The following is a list of notable Egyptians.

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List of Egyptologists

This is a partial list of Egyptologists.

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List of Greek Orthodox Patriarchs of Alexandria

The Greek Orthodox Patriarch of Alexandria has the title Pope and Patriarch of Alexandria and All Africa. The following list contains all the incumbents of the Greek Orthodox Patriarchate of Alexandria.

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List of necropoleis

This is a list of necropoleis sorted by country.

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List of pharaohs

This article contains a list of the pharaohs of Ancient Egypt, from the Early Dynastic Period before 3100 BC through to the end of the Ptolemaic Dynasty, when Egypt became a province of Rome under Augustus Caesar in 30 BC.

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List of solar deities

A solar deity is a god or goddess who represents the Sun, or an aspect of it, usually by its perceived power and strength.

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List of Theban tombs

The Theban Necropolis is located on the west bank of the Nile, opposite Luxor, in Egypt.

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Long Range Desert Group

The Long Range Desert Group (LRDG) was a reconnaissance and raiding unit of the British Army during the Second World War.

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Luxor

Luxor (الأقصر; Egyptian Arabic:; Sa'idi Arabic) is a city in Upper (southern) Egypt and the capital of Luxor Governorate.

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Luxor Museum

Luxor Museum is an archaeological museum in Luxor (ancient Thebes), Egypt.

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Luxor Temple

Luxor Temple is a large Ancient Egyptian temple complex located on the east bank of the Nile River in the city today known as Luxor (ancient Thebes) and was constructed approximately 1400 BCE.

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Maa Kheru

Maa Kheru (mꜣꜥ ḫrw) is a phrase meaning "true of voice" or "justified"Allen, James P. (2000).

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Maahes

Maahes (also spelled Mihos, Miysis, Mios, Maihes, or Mahes) (Greek: Μαχές, Μιχός, Μίυσις, Μίος, or Μάιχες) was an ancient Egyptian lion-headed god of war, whose name means "he who is true beside her".

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Maat

Maat or Ma'at (Egyptian '''mꜣꜥt''' /ˈmuʀʕat/) refers to the ancient Egyptian concepts of truth, balance, order, harmony, law, morality, and justice.

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Mafdet

In early Egyptian mythology, Mafdet (also spelled Maftet) was a goddess who protected against snakes and scorpions and was often represented as either some sort of felid or mongoose.

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Mamdouh Habib

Mamdouh Habib is an Egyptian and Australian citizen with dual nationality, best known for having been held for more than three years by the United States as an enemy combatant, by both the CIA and military authorities.

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Mamluk

Mamluk (Arabic: مملوك mamlūk (singular), مماليك mamālīk (plural), meaning "property", also transliterated as mamlouk, mamluq, mamluke, mameluk, mameluke, mamaluke or marmeluke) is an Arabic designation for slaves.

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Manetho

Manetho (Μανέθων Manethōn, gen.: Μανέθωνος) is believed to have been an Egyptian priest from Sebennytus (ancient Egyptian: Tjebnutjer) who lived during the Ptolemaic era in the early 3rd century BC.

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Mark Antony

Marcus Antonius (Latin:; 14 January 1 August 30 BC), commonly known in English as Mark Antony or Marc Antony, was a Roman politician and general who played a critical role in the transformation of the Roman Republic from an oligarchy into the autocratic Roman Empire.

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Mark the Evangelist

Saint Mark the Evangelist (Mārcus; Μᾶρκος; Ⲙⲁⲣⲕⲟⲥ; מרקוס; مَرْقُس; ማርቆስ; ⵎⴰⵔⵇⵓⵙ) is the traditionally ascribed author of the Gospel of Mark.

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Mastaba

A mastaba or pr-djt (meaning "house for eternity" or "eternal house" in Ancient Egyptian) is a type of ancient Egyptian tomb in the form of a flat-roofed, rectangular structure with inward sloping sides, constructed out of mud-bricks (from the Nile River).

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Medinet Habu (location)

Medinet Habu (Arabic: مدينة هابو; Egyptian: Tjamet or Djamet; Coptic: Djeme or Djemi) is an archaeological locality situated near the foot of the Theban Hills on the West Bank of the River Nile opposite the modern city of Luxor, Egypt.

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Medinet Habu (temple)

The Mortuary Temple of Ramesses III at Medinet Habu is an important New Kingdom period structure in the West Bank of Luxor in Egypt.

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Mediterranean Sea

The Mediterranean Sea is a sea connected to the Atlantic Ocean, surrounded by the Mediterranean Basin and almost completely enclosed by land: on the north by Southern Europe and Anatolia, on the south by North Africa and on the east by the Levant.

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Meidum

Meidum, Maydum or Maidum (ميدوم) is an archaeological site in Lower Egypt.

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Memphis, Egypt

Memphis (مَنْف; ⲙⲉⲙϥⲓ; Μέμφις) was the ancient capital of Aneb-Hetch, the first nome of Lower Egypt.

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Mendes

Mendes (Μένδης, gen.: Μένδητος), the Greek name of the Ancient Egyptian city of Djedet, also known in Ancient Egypt as Per-Banebdjedet ("The Domain of the Ram Lord of Djedet") and Anpet, is known today as Tell El-Ruba (تل الربع).

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Menes

Menes (mnj, probably pronounced *; Μήνης) was a pharaoh of the Early Dynastic Period of ancient Egypt credited by classical tradition with having united Upper and Lower Egypt and as the founder of the First Dynasty.

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Menhit

Menhit (also spelt Menchit) was originally a Nubian war goddess in Egyptian mythology.

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Menkaure

Menkaure (also Menkaura, Egyptian transliteration mn-k3w-Rˁ), was an ancient Egyptian king (pharaoh) of the 4th dynasty during the Old Kingdom, who is well known under his Hellenized names Mykerinos (Μυκερίνος) (by Herodotus) and Menkheres (by Manetho).

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Meret

In Egyptian mythology, Meret (also spelled Mert) was a goddess who was strongly associated with rejoicing, such as singing and dancing.

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Meretseger

Meretseger (or Mertseger) was a Theban cobra-goddess in ancient Egyptian religion, in charge with guarding and protecting the vast Theban Necropolis — on the west bank of the Nile, in front of Thebes — and expecially the heavily-guarded Valley of the Kings.

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Meritamen

Meritamen (also spelled Meritamun, Merytamen, Merytamun, Meryt-Amen; Ancient Egyptian: Beloved of Amun) was a daughter and later Great Royal Wife of Pharaoh Ramesses the Great.

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Meritaten

Meritaten, also spelled Merytaten or Meryetaten (14th century BC), was an ancient Egyptian royal woman of the Eighteenth dynasty.

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Merneferre Ay

Merneferre Ay (also spelled Aya or Eje) was an ancient Egyptian pharaoh of the mid 13th Dynasty.

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Merneith

Merneith (also written Meritneith and Meryt-Neith) was a consort and a regent of Ancient Egypt during the first dynasty.

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Merneptah

Merneptah or Merenptah was the fourth ruler of the Nineteenth Dynasty of Ancient Egypt.

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Merneptah Stele

The Merneptah Stele—also known as the Israel Stele or the Victory Stele of Merneptah—is an inscription by the ancient Egyptian king Merneptah (reign: 1213 to 1203 BC) discovered by Flinders Petrie in 1896 at Thebes, and now housed in the Egyptian Museum in Cairo.

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Mersa Matruh

Mersa Matruh (مرسى مطروح) is a seaport in Egypt, the capital of the Matrouh Governorate.

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Meshwesh

The Meshwesh (often abbreviated in ancient Egyptian as Ma) were an ancient Libyan tribe of Berber origin from beyond Cyrenaica.

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Meskhenet

In Ancient Egyptian mythology, Meskhenet, (also spelt Mesenet, Meskhent, and Meshkent) was the goddess of childbirth, and the creator of each child's Ka, a part of their soul, which she breathed into them at the moment of birth.

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Middle East

The Middle Easttranslit-std; translit; Orta Şərq; Central Kurdish: ڕۆژھەڵاتی ناوین, Rojhelatî Nawîn; Moyen-Orient; translit; translit; translit; Rojhilata Navîn; translit; Bariga Dhexe; Orta Doğu; translit is a transcontinental region centered on Western Asia, Turkey (both Asian and European), and Egypt (which is mostly in North Africa).

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Middle Kingdom of Egypt

The Middle Kingdom of Egypt (also known as The Period of Reunification) is the period in the history of ancient Egypt between circa 2050 BC and 1710 BC, stretching from the reunification of Egypt under the impulse of Mentuhotep II of the Eleventh Dynasty to the end of the Twelfth Dynasty.

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Milan Papyrus

The Milan Papyrus is a papyrus roll inscribed in Alexandria in the late 3rd or early 2nd century BC during the rule of the Ptolemaic dynasty.

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Miles Lampson, 1st Baron Killearn

Miles Wedderburn Lampson, 1st Baron Killearn, (24 August 1880 – 18 September 1964) was a British diplomat.

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Min (god)

Min (Egyptian mnw) is an ancient Egyptian god whose cult originated in the predynastic period (4th millennium BCE).

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Minya, Egypt

MinyaAlso spelled el… or al… …Menia, …Minia or …Menya.

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Mizraim

Mizraim (cf. Arabic مصر, Miṣr) (/mɪt͡srai:m/) is the Hebrew and Aramaic name for the land of Egypt, with the dual suffix -āyim, perhaps referring to the "two Egypts": Upper Egypt and Lower Egypt.

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Mnevis

Mnevis is the hellenized name of an ancient Egyptian bull god which had its centre of worship at Heliopolis, and was known by ancient Egyptians as Mer-wer ("great black") or Nem-wer.

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Mohamed Abdel Moneim

Damat Prince Mohamed Abdel Moneim Beyefendi (20 February 1899 – 1 December 1979) was an Egyptian prince and former heir apparent to the throne of Egypt and Sudan from 1899 to 1914.

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Mohamed Al-Fayed

Mohamed Al-Fayed (محمد أنور شاكر عبد السيد الفايد,; born 27 January 1929) is an Egyptian business magnate.

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Mohamed ElBaradei

Mohamed Mustafa ElBaradei (محمد مصطفى البرادعى,,; born 17 June 1942) is an Egyptian law scholar and diplomat who was the last Vice-President of Egypt serving on an interim basis from 14 July 2013 until his resignation on 14 August 2013.

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Mohamed Saad

Mohamed Saad Ahmad (born 14 December 1968) (محمد سعد أحمد) is an Egyptian film actor, active since 2000.

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Mohammed Ali Tewfik

Prince Mohammed Ali Tewfik (محمد علي توفيق) (November 9, 1875 - March 18, 1955) was the heir presumptive of Egypt and Sudan from 1892-1899 and 1936-1952.

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Mohammed Naguib

Mohamed Naguib (محمد نجيب,; 19 February 1901 – 28 August 1984) was the first President of Egypt, serving from the declaration of the Republic on 18 June 1953 to 14 November 1954.

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Montu

Montu was a falcon-god of war in ancient Egyptian religion, an embodiment of the conquering vitality of the Pharaoh.

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Mortuary Temple of Amenhotep III

The Mortuary Temple of Amenhotep III, also known as Kom el-Hettân, was built by the main architect Amenhotep, son of Habu, for the Pharaoh Amenhotep III (or Amenhetep III) during the 18th Dynasty in the New Kingdom (Kozloff and Bryan).

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Moses

Mosesמֹשֶׁה, Modern Tiberian ISO 259-3; ܡܘܫܐ Mūše; موسى; Mωϋσῆς was a prophet in the Abrahamic religions.

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Mostafa El-Nahas

Mostafa el-Nahhas Pasha or Mostafa Nahas (مصطفى النحاس باشا; June 15, 1879 – August 23, 1965) was an Egyptian political figure.

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Mouled Sidi El-Latini

Mouled Sidi El-Latini (مولد سيدى اللاتينى) which means The Latin Dervish is Eftekasat's debut album.

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Mount Sinai

Mount Sinai (Ṭūr Sīnāʼ or lit; ܛܘܪܐ ܕܣܝܢܝ or ܛܘܪܐ ܕܡܘܫܐ; הַר סִינַי, Har Sinai; Όρος Σινάι; Mons Sinai), also known as Mount Horeb or Gabal Musa, is a mountain in the Sinai Peninsula of Egypt that is a possible location of the biblical Mount Sinai, which is considered a holy site by the Abrahamic religions.

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Muhammad Ahmad

Muhammad Ahmad bin Abd Allah (محمد أحمد ابن عبد الله; 12 August 1844 – 22 June 1885) was a religious leader of the Samaniyya order in Sudan who, on 29 June 1881, proclaimed himself the Mahdi, the messianic redeemer of the Islamic faith.

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Mummification Museum

The Mummification Museum is an archaeological museum in Luxor, Upper Egypt.

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Mummy

A mummy is a deceased human or an animal whose skin and organs have been preserved by either intentional or accidental exposure to chemicals, extreme cold, very low humidity, or lack of air, so that the recovered body does not decay further if kept in cool and dry conditions.

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Muslim Brotherhood

The Society of the Muslim Brothers (جماعة الإخوان المسلمين), better known as the Muslim Brotherhood (الإخوان المسلمون), is a transnational Sunni Islamist organization founded in Egypt by Islamic scholar and schoolteacher Hassan al-Banna in 1928.

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Mut

Mut, which meant mother in the ancient Egyptian language, was an ancient Egyptian mother goddess with multiple aspects that changed over the thousands of years of the culture.

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Nabta Playa

Nabta Playa was once a large internally drained basin in the Nubian Desert, located approximately 800 kilometers south of modern-day Cairo or about 100 kilometers west of Abu Simbel in southern Egypt, 22.51° north, 30.73° east.

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Nag Hammadi

Nag Hammadi (نجع حمادى Najʿ Ḥammādī) is a city in Upper Egypt.

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Nag Hammadi library

The Nag Hammadi library (also known as the "Chenoboskion Manuscripts" and the "Gnostic Gospels") is a collection of early Christian and Gnostic texts discovered near the Upper Egyptian town of Nag Hammadi in 1945.

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Naguib Mahfouz

Naguib Mahfouz (نجيب محفوظ,; December 11, 1911 – August 30, 2006) was an Egyptian writer who won the 1988 Nobel Prize for Literature.

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Napata

Napata was a city-state of ancient Nubia on the west bank of the Nile River, at the site of modern Karima, Northern Sudan.

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Naqada

Naqada is a town on the west bank of the Nile in the Egyptian governorate of Qena.

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Naqada III

Naqada III is the last phase of the Naqada culture of ancient Egyptian prehistory, dating approximately from 3200 to 3000 BC.

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Narmer

Narmer was an ancient Egyptian king of the Early Dynastic Period.

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Nebiriau II

Nebiriau II (also Nebiryraw II, Nebiryerawet II) was an ancient Egyptian pharaoh of the Theban-based 16th Dynasty, during the Second Intermediate Period.

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Nebra (Pharaoh)

Nebra or Raneb is the Horus name of the second early Egyptian king of the 2nd dynasty.

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Necho I

Menkheperre Necho I (Egyptian: Nekau, Greek: Νεχώς Α' or Νεχώ Α', Akkadian: Nikuu) (? – 664 BCE near Memphis) was a ruler of the Ancient Egyptian city of Sais.

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Necho II

Necho II (sometimes Nekau, Neku, Nechoh, or Nikuu; Greek: Νεχώς Β' or Νεχώ Β') of Egypt was a king of the 26th Dynasty (610–595 BC).

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Nectanebo I

Kheperkare Nakhtnebef, better known by his hellenized name Nectanebo I, was an ancient Egyptian pharaoh, founder of the last native dynasty of Egypt, the thirtieth.

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Nectanebo II

Nectanebo II (Manetho's transcription of Egyptian Nḫt-Ḥr-(n)-Ḥbyt, "Strong is Horus of Hebit"), ruled in 360—342 BC) was the third and last pharaoh of the Thirtieth Dynasty of Egypt as well as the last native ruler of ancient Egypt. Under Nectanebo II, Egypt prospered. During his reign, the Egyptian artists delivered a specific style that left a distinctive mark on the reliefs of the Ptolemaic Kingdom. Like his indirect predecessor Nectanebo I, Nectanebo II showed enthusiasm for many of the cults of the gods within ancient Egyptian religion, and more than a hundred Egyptian sites bear evidence of his attentions. Nectanebo II, however, undertook more constructions and restorations than Nectanebo I, commencing in particular the enormous Egyptian temple of Isis (the Iseum). For several years, Nectanebo II was successful in keeping Egypt safe from the Achaemenid Empire. However, betrayed by his former servant, Mentor of Rhodes, Nectanebo II was ultimately defeated by the combined Persian and Greek forces in the Battle of Pelusium (343 BC). The Persians occupied Memphis and then seized the rest of Egypt, incorporating the country into the Achaemenid Empire. Nectanebo fled south and preserved his power for some time; his subsequent fate is unknown.

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Neferefre

Neferefre Isi (also known as Raneferef, Ranefer and in Greek as Cherês, Χέρης) was an ancient Egyptian pharaoh, likely the fourth but also possibly the fifth ruler of the Fifth Dynasty during the Old Kingdom period.

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Neferhotep I

Khasekhemre Neferhotep I was an Egyptian pharaoh of the mid Thirteenth Dynasty ruling in the second half of the 18th century BCK.S.B. Ryholt: The Political Situation in Egypt during the Second Intermediate Period, c.1800–1550 BC, Carsten Niebuhr Institute Publications, vol.

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Neferhotep III

Sekhemre Sankhtawy Neferhotep III Iykhernofret was the third or fourth ruler of the Theban 16th Dynasty, reigning after Sobekhotep VIII according to egyptologists Kim Ryholt and Darrell Baker.

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Neferirkare Kakai

Neferirkare Kakai (known in Greek as Nefercherês, Νεφερχέρης) was an ancient Egyptian pharaoh, the third king of the Fifth Dynasty.

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Neferkare, ninth dynasty

Neferkare VII was the third pharaoh of the ninth Dynasty of ancient Egypt, ca.

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Nefertari

Nefertari, also known as Nefertari Meritmut, was an Egyptian queen and the first of the Great Royal Wives (or principal wives) of Ramesses the Great.

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Nefertem

Nefertem (possibly "beautiful one who closes" or "one who does not close"; also spelled Nefertum or Nefer-temu) was, in Egyptian mythology, originally a lotus flower at the creation of the world, who had arisen from the primal waters.

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Nefertiti

Neferneferuaten Nefertiti (c. 1370 – c. 1330 BC) was an Egyptian queen and the Great Royal Wife (chief consort) of Akhenaten, an Egyptian Pharaoh.

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Nehebkau

In Egyptian mythology, Nehebkau (also spelt Nehebu-Kau, and Neheb Ka) was originally the explanation of the cause of binding of ''Ka'' and ''Ba'' after death.

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Neith

Neith (or; also spelled Nit, Net, or Neit) is an early goddess in ancient Egyptian religion who was said to be the first and the prime creator.

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Nekhbet

Nekhbet (also spelt Nekhebit) was an early predynastic local goddess in Egyptian mythology, who was the patron of the city of Nekheb (her name meaning of Nekheb).

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Nekhen

Nekhen or Hierakonpolis (Ἱεράκων πόλις Hierakōn polis "Hawk City", lit) was the religious and political capital of Upper Egypt at the end of prehistoric Egypt (3200–3100 BC) and probably also during the Early Dynastic Period (3100–2686 BC).

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Nemty

In Egyptian mythology, Nemty (Antaeus in Greek, but probably not connected to the Antaeus in Greek mythology) was a god whose worship centred at Antaeopolis, in the northern part of Upper Egypt.

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Neper (mythology)

In ancient Egyptian religion, Neper (alts. Nepra or Nepri) was a god of grain.

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Nephthys

Nephthys (Νέφθυς) or Nebthet or Neber-Het was a goddess in ancient Egyptian religion.

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Neter-khertet

In Egyptian mythology, Neter-khertet ("divine place underground"; also Khert Neter) referred to the underworld.

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New Kingdom of Egypt

The New Kingdom, also referred to as the Egyptian Empire, is the period in ancient Egyptian history between the 16th century BC and the 11th century BC, covering the 18th, 19th, and 20th dynasties of Egypt.

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Nile

The Nile River (النيل, Egyptian Arabic en-Nīl, Standard Arabic an-Nīl; ⲫⲓⲁⲣⲱ, P(h)iaro; Ancient Egyptian: Ḥ'pī and Jtrw; Biblical Hebrew:, Ha-Ye'or or, Ha-Shiḥor) is a major north-flowing river in northeastern Africa, and is commonly regarded as the longest river in the world, though some sources cite the Amazon River as the longest.

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Nile crocodile

The Nile crocodile (Crocodylus niloticus) is an African crocodile, the largest freshwater predator in Africa, and may be considered the second-largest extant reptile and crocodilian in the world, after the saltwater crocodile (Crocodylus porosus).

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Nile Delta

The Nile Delta (دلتا النيل or simply الدلتا) is the delta formed in Northern Egypt (Lower Egypt) where the Nile River spreads out and drains into the Mediterranean Sea.

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Nile Level Texts

The Nile Level Texts (or Nile Quay Texts) are inscribed on the cult terrace (the so-called "quay") at the temple of Karnak, in Thebes, Egypt.

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Nile perch

The Nile perch (Lates niloticus) is a species of freshwater fish in family Latidae of order Perciformes.

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Nilo-Saharan languages

The Nilo-Saharan languages are a proposed family of African languages spoken by some 50–60 million people, mainly in the upper parts of the Chari and Nile rivers, including historic Nubia, north of where the two tributaries of the Nile meet.

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Nilometer

A nilometer was a structure for measuring the Nile River's clarity and water level during the annual flood season.

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Nineteenth Dynasty of Egypt

The Nineteenth Dynasty of Egypt (notated Dynasty XIX, alternatively 19th Dynasty or Dynasty 19) is classified as the second Dynasty of the Ancient Egyptian New Kingdom period, lasting from 1292 BC to 1189 BC.

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Nineteenth Dynasty of Egypt family tree

The family tree of the Egyptian 19th dynasty is the usual mixture of conjecture and interpretation.

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Ninth Dynasty of Egypt

The Ninth Dynasty of ancient Egypt (Dynasty IX) is often combined with the 7th, 8th, 10th and early 11th Dynasties under the group title First Intermediate Period.

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Nitocris

Nitocris (Νίτωκρις) has been claimed to have been the last pharaoh of ancient Egypt's Sixth Dynasty.

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Nomarch

Nomarchs (Ancient Egyptian: heri-tep a'a) were Ancient Egyptian administration officials responsible for the provinces.

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Nome (Egypt)

A nome (from νομός, nomós, “district”) was a territorial division in ancient Egypt.

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North Africa

North Africa is a collective term for a group of Mediterranean countries and territories situated in the northern-most region of the African continent.

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Nu (mythology)

Nu (also Nenu, Nunu, Nun), feminine Naunet (also Nunut, Nuit, Nent, Nunet), is the deification of the primordial watery abyss in the Hermopolitan Ogdoad cosmogony of ancient Egyptian religion.

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Nubia

Nubia is a region along the Nile river encompassing the area between Aswan in southern Egypt and Khartoum in central Sudan.

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Nubian languages

The Nubian languages (لغات نوبية) are a group of related languages spoken by the Nubians of Nubia, a region along the Nile in southern Egypt and northern Sudan.

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Nubkheperre Intef

Nubkheperre Intef (or Antef, Inyotef) was an Egyptian king of the Seventeenth dynasty of Egypt at Thebes during the Second Intermediate Period, when Egypt was divided by rival dynasties including the Hyksos in Lower Egypt.

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Nut (goddess)

Nut (Nwt), also known by various other transcriptions, is the goddess of the sky in the Ennead of ancient Egyptian religion.

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Nymphaea

Nymphaea is a genus of hardy and tender aquatic plants in the family Nymphaeaceae.

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Nymphaea caerulea

Nymphaea caerulea, known primarily as blue lotus (or blue Egyptian lotus), but also blue water lily (or blue Egyptian water lily), and sacred blue lily, is a water lily in the genus Nymphaea.

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Nymphaea lotus

Nymphaea lotus, the white Egyptian lotus, tiger lotus, white lotus or Egyptian white water-lily, is a flowering plant of the family Nymphaeaceae.

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Nynetjer

Nynetjer (also known as Ninetjer and Banetjer) is the Horus name of the third pharaoh of the Second Dynasty of Egypt.

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Nyuserre Ini

Nyuserre Ini (also Niuserre Ini or Neuserre Ini; in Greek known as Rathurês, ´Ραθούρης) was an Ancient Egyptian pharaoh, the sixth ruler of the Fifth Dynasty during the Old Kingdom period.

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Obelisk

An obelisk (from ὀβελίσκος obeliskos; diminutive of ὀβελός obelos, "spit, nail, pointed pillar") is a tall, four-sided, narrow tapering monument which ends in a pyramid-like shape or pyramidion at the top.

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Ogdoad (Egyptian)

In Egyptian mythology, the Ogdoad (ογδοάς "the Eightfold"; ḫmnyw, a plural nisba of ḫmnw "eight") were eight primordial deities worshipped in Hermopolis.

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Old Kingdom of Egypt

The Old Kingdom, in ancient Egyptian history, is the period in the third millennium (c. 2686–2181 BC) also known as the 'Age of the Pyramids' or 'Age of the Pyramid Builders' as it includes the great 4th Dynasty when King Sneferu perfected the art of pyramid building and the pyramids of Giza were constructed under the kings Khufu, Khafre and Menkaure.

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Omar Sharif

Omar Sharif (عمر الشريف,; born Michel Dimitri Chalhoub; 10 April 193210 July 2015) was an Egyptian actor.

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Opening of the mouth ceremony

The opening of the mouth ceremony (or ritual) was an ancient Egyptian ritual described in funerary texts such as the Pyramid Texts.

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Operation Compass

Operation Compass was the first large Allied military operation of the Western Desert Campaign (1940–1943) during the Second World War.

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Opet Festival

The Beautiful Feast of Opet (or Opet Festival) (Some spell it) was an Ancient Egyptian festival celebrated annually in Thebes (Luxor), during the New Kingdom and in later periods.

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Origen

Origen of Alexandria (184 – 253), also known as Origen Adamantius, was a Hellenistic scholar, ascetic, and early Christian theologian who was born and spent the first half of his career in Alexandria.

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Osiris

Osiris (from Egyptian wsjr, Coptic) is an Egyptian god, identified as the god of the afterlife, the underworld, and rebirth.

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Osiris myth

The Osiris myth is the most elaborate and influential story in ancient Egyptian mythology.

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Osorkon I

The son of Shoshenq I and his chief consort, Karomat A, Osorkon I was the second king of Egypt's 22nd Dynasty and ruled around 922 BC – 887 BC.

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Osorkon II

Usermaatre Setepenamun Osorkon II was the fifth pharaoh of the Twenty-second Dynasty of Ancient Egypt and the son of Takelot I and Queen Kapes.

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Osorkon III

Usermaatre Setepenamun Osorkon III Si-Ese was Pharaoh of Egypt in the 8th Century BC.

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Osorkon IV

Usermaatre Osorkon IV was an ancient Egyptian pharaoh during the late Third Intermediate Period.

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Osorkon the Elder

Aakheperre Setepenre Osorkon the Elder was the fifth king of the twenty-first dynasty of Ancient Egypt and was the first Pharaoh of Meshwesh (Ancient Libyan) origin.

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Ostracon

An ostracon (Greek: ὄστρακον ostrakon, plural ὄστρακα ostraka) is a piece of pottery, usually broken off from a vase or other earthenware vessel.

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Ottoman Egypt

Ottoman Egypt covers two main periods of the history of Egypt from the 16th through early 20th centuries, when under the rule of or allied to the Ottoman Empire that was based in (present day) Turkey.

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Oxyrhynchus

Oxyrhynchus (Ὀξύρρυγχος Oxýrrhynkhos; "sharp-nosed"; ancient Egyptian Pr-Medjed; Coptic Pemdje; modern Egyptian Arabic El Bahnasa) is a city in Middle Egypt, located about 160 km south-southwest of Cairo, in the governorate of Al Minya.

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Oxyrhynchus Gospels

The Oxyrhynchus Gospels are two fragmentary manuscripts discovered among the rich finds of discarded papyri at Oxyrhynchus in Egypt.

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Ozymandias

"Ozymandias" is a sonnet written by English Romantic poet Percy Bysshe Shelley (1792–1822), first published in the 11 January 1818 issue of The Examiner in London.

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Pachomius the Great

Saint Pachomius (Παχώμιος, ca. 292–348), also known as Pachome and Pakhomius, is generally recognized as the founder of Christian cenobitic monasticism.

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Pakhet

In Egyptian mythology, Pakhet, Egyptian Pḫ.t, meaning she who scratches (also spelt Pachet, Pehkhet, Phastet, and Pasht) is a lioness goddess of war.

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Palestine (region)

Palestine (فلسطين,,; Παλαιστίνη, Palaistinē; Palaestina; פלשתינה. Palestina) is a geographic region in Western Asia.

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Pami

Usermaatre Setepenre Pami was an ancient Egyptian pharaoh of the 22nd Dynasty who ruled for 7 years.

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Pantheon (religion)

A pantheon (from Greek πάνθεον pantheon, literally "(a temple) of all gods", "of or common to all gods" from πᾶν pan- "all" and θεός theos "god") is the particular set of all gods of any polytheistic religion, mythology, or tradition.

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Papyrus

Papyrus is a material similar to thick paper that was used in ancient times as a writing surface.

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Papyrus Harris I

Papyrus Harris I is also known as the Great Harris Papyrus and (less accurately) simply the Harris Papyrus (though there are a number of other papyri in the Harris collection).

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Papyrus of Ani

The Papyrus of Ani is a papyrus manuscript with cursive hieroglyphs and color illustrations created c. 1250 BCE, in the 19th dynasty of the New Kingdom of ancient Egypt.

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Pedubast I

Pedubastis I or Pedubast I was an Upper Egyptian Pharaoh of Ancient Egypt during the 9th century BC.

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Pelusium

Pelusium (الفرما; Ⲡⲉⲣⲉⲙⲟⲩⲛ or Ⲡⲉⲣⲉⲙⲟⲩⲏ), was an important city in the eastern extremes of Egypt's Nile Delta, 30 km to the southeast of the modern Port Said, becoming a Roman provincial capital and Metropolitan archbishopric, remaining a multiple Catholic titular see.

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Pepi I Meryre

Pepi I Meryre (reigned 2332 – 2287 BC) was the third king of the Sixth dynasty of Egypt.

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Pepi II Neferkare

Pepi II (also Pepy II; 2284 BC – after 2247 BC, probably either 2216 or 2184 BC) was a pharaoh of the Sixth Dynasty in Egypt's Old Kingdom who reigned from 2278 BC.

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Petbe

In Egyptian mythology, Petbe was the god of revenge, worshiped in the area around Akhmin, in central Egypt.

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Pharaoh

Pharaoh (ⲡⲣ̅ⲣⲟ Prro) is the common title of the monarchs of ancient Egypt from the First Dynasty (c. 3150 BCE) until the annexation of Egypt by the Roman Empire in 30 BCE, although the actual term "Pharaoh" was not used contemporaneously for a ruler until circa 1200 BCE.

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Philae

Philae (Φιλαί, فيله, Egyptian: p3-jw-rķ' or 'pA-jw-rq; Coptic) is currently an island in the reservoir of the Aswan Low Dam, downstream of the Aswan Dam and Lake Nasser, Egypt.

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Philip III of Macedon

Philip III Arrhidaeus (Φίλιππος Γ΄ ὁ Ἀρριδαῖος; c. 359 BC – 25 December, 317 BC) reigned as king of Macedonia from after 11 June 323 BC until his death.

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Phoenix (mythology)

In Greek mythology, a phoenix (φοῖνιξ, phoînix) is a long-lived bird that cyclically regenerates or is otherwise born again.

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Pi-Hahiroth

Pi-Hahiroth (פִּי החִירֹת) is the fourth station of the Exodus.

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Piankh

While the High Priest of Amun Piankh (or Payankh) has been assumed to be a son-in-law of Herihor and his heir to the Theban office of the High Priest of Amun, recent studies by Karl Jansen-Winkeln of the surviving temple inscriptions and monumental works by Herihor and Piankh in Upper Egypt imply that Piankh was actually Herihor's predecessor.

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Pinedjem I

Pinedjem I was the High Priest of Amun at Thebes in Ancient Egypt from 1070 to 1032 BC and the de facto ruler of the south of the country from 1054 BC.

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Piye

Piye (once transliterated as Piankhi; d. 714 BC) was an ancient Kushite king and founder of the Twenty-fifth dynasty of Egypt who ruled Egypt from 744–714 BC.

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Politics of Egypt

The politics of Egypt is based on republicanism, with a semi-presidential system of government, established following the Egyptian Revolution of 2011, and the resignation of President Hosni Mubarak.

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Polybus of Thebes

Polybus (Πόλυβος) was the king of Thebes (in Egypt).

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Pope Abraham of Alexandria

Pope Abraham of Alexandria, 62nd Pope of Alexandria & Patriarch of the See of St. Mark.

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Pope Matthew I of Alexandria

Mathayo I wa Aleksandria kuanzia mwaka 1378 hadi 1408 alikuwa Patriarki wa Wakopti (or Matheos), 87th Pope of Alexandria & Patriarch of the See of St. Mark.

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Pope Peter I of Alexandria

Pope Peter I of Alexandria (Ⲡⲁⲡⲁ Ⲁⲃⲃⲁ ⲡⲉⲧⲣⲟⲥ ⲁ̅), 17th Pope of Alexandria & Patriarch of the See of St. Mark.

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Pope Shenouda III of Alexandria

Pope Shenouda III (Ⲡⲁⲡⲁ Ⲁⲃⲃⲁ Ϣⲉⲛⲟⲩϯ ⲅ̅; بابا الإسكندرية شنودة الثالث; 3 August 1921 – 17 March 2012) was the 117th Pope of Alexandria and Patriarch of the See of St. Mark.

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Port Said

Port Said (بورسعيد, the first syllable has its pronunciation from Arabic; unurbanized local pronunciation) is a city that lies in north east Egypt extending about along the coast of the Mediterranean Sea, north of the Suez Canal, with an approximate population of 603,787 (2010).

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Precinct of Amun-Re

The Precinct of Amun-Re, located near Luxor, Egypt, is one of the four main temple enclosures that make up the immense Karnak Temple Complex.

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Precinct of Mut

The Precinct of Mut is an Ancient Egyptian temple compound located in the present city of Luxor (ancient Thebes), on the east bank of the Nile in South Karnak.

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Prehistoric Egypt

The prehistory of Egypt spans the period from earliest human settlement to the beginning of the Early Dynastic Period of Egypt around 3100 BC, starting with the first Pharaoh, Narmer for some egyptologists, Hor-Aha for others, (also known as Menes).

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Psammuthes

Psammuthes was a pharaoh of the Twenty-ninth Dynasty of Egypt during 392/1 BC.

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Psamtik I

Wahibre Psamtik I, known by the Greeks as Psammeticus or Psammetichus (Latinization of translit), who ruled 664–610 BC, was the first of three kings of that name of the Saite, or Twenty-sixth Dynasty of Egypt.

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Psamtik II

Psamtik II (also spelled Psammetichus or Psammeticus) was a king of the Saite-based Twenty-sixth dynasty of Egypt (595 BC – 589 BC).

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Psamtik III

Psamtik III (also spelled Psammetichus or Psammeticus, from Greek Ψαμμήτιχος) was the last Pharaoh of the Twenty-sixth Dynasty of Egypt from 526 BC to 525 BC.

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Pschent

The Pschent (Greek ψχεντ) was the name of the Double Crown worn by rulers in ancient Egypt.

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Psusennes I

Psusennes I (Greek Ψουσέννης) was the third pharaoh of the 21st Dynasty who ruled from Tanis between 1047–1001 BC.

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Psusennes II

Titkheperure or Tyetkheperre Psusennes II or Hor-Pasebakhaenniut II, was the last king of the Twenty-first dynasty of Egypt.

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Psusennes III

Psusennes III was the High Priest of Amun at Thebes (976 BC – 943 BC) at the end of the 21st Dynasty.

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Ptah

In Egyptian mythology, Ptah (ptḥ, probably vocalized as Pitaḥ in ancient Egyptian) is the demiurge of Memphis, god of craftsmen and architects.

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Ptahhotep

Ptahhotep (ptāħ ħwtp), sometimes known as Ptahhotep I, Ptahhotpe or Ptah-Hotep, was an ancient Egyptian Vizier during the late 25th century BC and early 24th century BC.

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Ptolemaic dynasty

The Ptolemaic dynasty (Πτολεμαῖοι, Ptolemaioi), sometimes also known as the Lagids or Lagidae (Λαγίδαι, Lagidai, after Lagus, Ptolemy I's father), was a Macedonian Greek royal family, which ruled the Ptolemaic Kingdom in Egypt during the Hellenistic period.

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Ptolemaic Kingdom

The Ptolemaic Kingdom (Πτολεμαϊκὴ βασιλεία, Ptolemaïkḕ basileía) was a Hellenistic kingdom based in Egypt.

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Ptolemy

Claudius Ptolemy (Κλαύδιος Πτολεμαῖος, Klaúdios Ptolemaîos; Claudius Ptolemaeus) was a Greco-Roman mathematician, astronomer, geographer, astrologer, and poet of a single epigram in the Greek Anthology.

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Ptolemy I Soter

Ptolemy I Soter (Πτολεμαῖος Σωτήρ, Ptolemaĩos Sōtḗr "Ptolemy the Savior"; c. 367 BC – 283/2 BC), also known as Ptolemy of Lagus (Πτολεμαῖος ὁ Λάγου/Λαγίδης), was a Macedonian Greek general under Alexander the Great, one of the three Diadochi who succeeded to his empire.

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Ptolemy II Philadelphus

Ptolemy II Philadelphus (Πτολεμαῖος Φιλάδελφος, Ptolemaîos Philádelphos "Ptolemy Beloved of his Sibling"; 308/9–246 BCE) was the king of Ptolemaic Egypt from 283 to 246 BCE.

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Ptolemy III Euergetes

Ptolemy III Euergetes (Πτολεμαῖος Εὐεργέτης, Ptolemaĩos Euergétēs "Ptolemy the Benefactor"; 284–222 BC) was the third king of the Ptolemaic dynasty in Egypt from 246 to 222 BCE.

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Ptolemy IV Philopator

Ptolemy IV Philopator (Πτολεμαῖος Φιλοπάτωρ, Ptolemaĩos Philopátōr "Ptolemy Beloved of his Father"; 245/4–204 BC), son of Ptolemy III and Berenice II, was the fourth Pharaoh of Ptolemaic Egypt from 221 to 204 BC.

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Ptolemy IX Lathyros

Ptolemy IX Soter IIAll male Ptolemaic rulers were titled Ptolemy in honor of their great Macedonian ancestor, Ptolemy I Soter, with Ptolemy IX also taking the same title Soter as the original Ptolemy.

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Ptolemy V Epiphanes

Ptolemy V Epiphanes (Πτολεμαῖος Ἐπιφανής, Ptolemaĩos Epiphanḗs "Ptolemy the Illustrious"); 210–181 BC), son of Ptolemy IV Philopator and Arsinoe III of Egypt, was the fifth ruler of the Ptolemaic dynasty from 204 to 181 BC. He inherited the throne at the age of five, and under a series of regents, the kingdom was paralyzed. The Rosetta Stone was produced during his reign as an adult.

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Ptolemy VI Philometor

Ptolemy VI Philometor (Πτολεμαῖος Φιλομήτωρ, Ptolemaĩos Philomḗtōr "Ptolemy Beloved of his Mother"); c. 186–145 BC) was a king of Egypt from the Ptolemaic period. He reigned from 180 to 164 BC and from 163 to 145 BC.

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Ptolemy VII Neos Philopator

Ptolemy VII Neos Philopator (Πτολεμαῖος Νέος Φιλοπάτωρ, Ptolemaĩos Néos Philopátōr "Ptolemy the New Beloved of his Father") was an Egyptian king of the Ptolemaic period.

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Ptolemy VIII Physcon

Ptolemy VIII Euergetes II (Πτολεμαῖος Εὐεργέτης, Ptolemaĩos Euergétēs "Ptolemy the Benefactor"; c. 182 BC – June 26, 116 BC), nicknamed Physcon (Φύσκων "the Fat"), was a king of the Ptolemaic dynasty in Egypt.

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Ptolemy X Alexander I

Ptolemy X Alexander I (Πτολεμαῖος Ἀλέξανδρος, Ptolemaĩos Aléxandros) was King of Egypt from 110 BC to 109 BC and 107 BC till his death in 88 BC, in co-regency with his mother Cleopatra III until 101 BC, and then possibly with his niece-wife Berenice III.

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Ptolemy XI Alexander II

Ptolemy XI Alexander II (Πτολεμαῖος Ἀλέξανδρος, Ptolemaĩos Aléxandros) was a member of the Ptolemaic dynasty who ruled Egypt for a few days in 80 BC.

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Ptolemy XII Auletes

Ptolemy Neos Dionysos Theos Philopator Theos Philadelphos (Πτολεμαῖος Νέος Διόνυσος Θεός Φιλοπάτωρ Θεός Φιλάδελφος, Ptolemaios Néos Diónysos Theós Philopátōr Theós Philádelphos "Ptolemy New Dionysus, God Beloved of his Father, God Beloved of his Brother"; 117–51 BC) was a pharaoh of the ethnically Macedonian Greek Ptolemaic dynasty of Ancient Egypt.

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Ptolemy XIII Theos Philopator

Ptolemy XIII Theos Philopator (Πτολεμαῖος Θεός Φιλοπάτωρ, Ptolemaĩos Theós Philopátōr "Ptolemy, God Beloved of his Father"; 62 BC/61 BC – prob. January 13, 47 BC, reigned from 51 BC) was one of the last members of the Ptolemaic dynasty (305–30 BC) of Egypt.

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Ptolemy XIV of Egypt

Ptolemy XIV (Πτολεμαῖος, Ptolemaĩos, who lived 60 BC/59 BC–44 BC and reigned 47 BC–44 BC), was a son of Ptolemy XII of Egypt and one of the last members of the Ptolemaic dynasty of Egypt.

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Pylon (architecture)

Pylon is the Greek term (Greek: πυλών) for a monumental gateway of an Egyptian temple (Egyptian: bxn.t in the Manuel de Codage transliteration).

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Pyramid

A pyramid (from πυραμίς) is a structure whose outer surfaces are triangular and converge to a single point at the top, making the shape roughly a pyramid in the geometric sense.

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Pyramid of Djoser

The Pyramid of Djoser (or Djeser and Zoser), or step pyramid (kbhw-ntrw in Egyptian) is an archeological remain in the Saqqara necropolis, Egypt, northwest of the city of Memphis.

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Pyramid of Khafre

The Pyramid of Khafre or of Chephren (translit) is the second-tallest and second-largest of the Ancient Egyptian Pyramids of Giza and the tomb of the Fourth-Dynasty pharaoh Khafre (Chefren), who ruled from to 2532 BC.

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Pyramid of Menkaure

The Pyramid of Menkaure is the smallest of the three main Pyramids of Giza, located on the Giza Plateau in the southwestern outskirts of Cairo, Egypt.

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Pyramid of Unas

The Pyramid Complex of Unas is located in the pyramid field at Saqqara, near Cairo in Egypt.

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Pyramid Texts

The Pyramid Texts are a collection of ancient Egyptian religious texts from the time of the Old Kingdom.

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Pyramidion

A pyramidion (plural: pyramidia) is the uppermost piece or capstone of an Egyptian pyramid or obelisk, in archaeological parlance.

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Pyramidology

Pyramidology (or pyramidism) refers to various religious or pseudoscientific speculations regarding pyramids, most often the Giza pyramid complex and the Great Pyramid of Giza in Egypt.

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Qa'a

Qa'a (also Qáa or Ka'a) was the last king of the First Dynasty of Egypt.

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Qakare Ibi

Qakare Ibi was an Ancient Egyptian pharaoh during the early First Intermediate Period (2181–2055 BC) and the 14th ruler of the Eighth Dynasty.

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Qattara Depression

The Qattara Depression (منخفض القطارة Munḫafaḍ al-Qaṭṭārah) is a depression in northwestern Egypt, specifically in the Matruh Governorate.

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Qetesh

Qetesh (also Kadesh) is a goddess, who was adopted during the late Bronze Age from the religion of Canaan into the ancient Egyptian religion during its New Kingdom.

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Qubbet el-Hawa

Qubbet el-Hawa is a site on the western bank of the Nile, opposite Aswan.

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Queen consort

A queen consort is the wife of a reigning king (or an empress consort in the case of an emperor).

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QV44

QV44 is one of several tombs located in the Valley of the Queens intended for the use of Ramesses III's sons.

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QV66

QV66 is the tomb of Nefertari, the Great Wife of Pharaoh Ramesses II, in Egypt's Valley of the Queens.

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Ra

Ra (rꜥ or rˤ; also transliterated rˤw; cuneiform: ri-a or ri-ia) or Re (ⲣⲏ, Rē) is the ancient Egyptian sun god.

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Rahab

Rahab, (Arabic: رحاب, a vast space of a land) was, according to the Book of Joshua, a woman who lived in Jericho in the Promised Land and assisted the Israelites in capturing the city by betraying her people.

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Ramesses II

Ramesses II (variously also spelt Rameses or Ramses; born; died July or August 1213 BC; reigned 1279–1213 BC), also known as Ramesses the Great, was the third pharaoh of the 19th Dynasty of Egypt.

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Ramesses III

Usermaatre Ramesses III (also written Ramses and Rameses) was the second Pharaoh of the Twentieth Dynasty in Ancient Egypt.

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Ramesses IV

Heqamaatre Ramesses IV (also written Ramses or Rameses) was the third pharaoh of the Twentieth Dynasty of the New Kingdom of Ancient Egypt.

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Ramesses IX

Neferkare Ramesses IX (also written Ramses) (originally named Amon-her-khepshef Khaemwaset) (ruled 1129 – 1111 BC) was the eighth king of the Twentieth dynasty of Egypt.

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Ramesses V

Usermaatre Sekheperenre Ramesses V (also written Ramses and Rameses) was the fourth pharaoh of the Twentieth dynasty of Egypt and was the son of Ramesses IV and Queen Duatentopet.

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Ramesses VI

Ramesses VI Nebmaatre-Meryamun (sometimes written Ramses or Rameses, also known under his princely name of Amenherkhepshef C) was the fifth ruler of the Twentieth Dynasty of Egypt.

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Ramesses VII

Usermaatre Setepenre Meryamun Ramesses VII (also written Ramses and Rameses) was the sixth pharaoh of the 20th dynasty of Ancient Egypt.

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Ramesses VIII

Usermare Akhenamun Ramesses VIII (also written Ramses and Rameses) or Ramesses Sethherkhepshef Meryamun ('Set is his Strength, beloved of Amun') (reigned 1130-1129 BC, or 1130 BC), was the seventh Pharaoh of the Twentieth Dynasty of the New Kingdom of Ancient Egypt and was one of the last surviving sons of Ramesses III.

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Ramesses X

Khepermaatre Ramesses X (also written Ramses and Rameses) (ruled c. 1111 BC – 1107 BC) was the ninth ruler of the 20th dynasty of Ancient Egypt.

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Ramesses XI

Menmaatre Ramesses XI (also written Ramses and Rameses) reigned from 1107 BC to 1078 BC or 1077 BC and was the tenth and final pharaoh of the Twentieth dynasty of Egypt.

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Ramesseum

The Ramesseum is the memorial temple (or mortuary temple) of Pharaoh Ramesses II ("Ramesses the Great", also spelled "Ramses" and "Rameses").

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Raphia Decree

The Raphia Decree is an ancient inscribed stone stela dating from ancient Egypt.

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Ras Muhammad National Park

Ras Mohammad (راس محمد,; رأس محمد) is a national park in Egypt at the southern extreme of the Sinai Peninsula, overlooking the Gulf of Suez on the west and the Gulf of Aqaba to the east.

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Red Pyramid

The Red Pyramid, also called the North Pyramid, is the largest of the three major pyramids located at the Dahshur necropolis in Cairo, Egypt.

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Red Sea

The Red Sea (also the Erythraean Sea) is a seawater inlet of the Indian Ocean, lying between Africa and Asia.

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Reformed Egyptian

The Book of Mormon, a work of scripture of the Latter Day Saint movement, describes itself as having originally been written in reformed Egyptian characters on plates of metal or "ore" by prophets living in the Western Hemisphere from perhaps as early as the 4th century BC until as late as the 5th century AD.

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Relief

Relief is a sculptural technique where the sculpted elements remain attached to a solid background of the same material.

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Religion in Egypt

Religion in Egypt controls many aspects of social life and is endorsed by law.

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Renenutet

Renenūtet (also transliterated Ernūtet and Renenet) was a goddess of nourishment and the harvest in ancient Egyptian religion.

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Renpet

Renpet was, in the Egyptian language, the word for "year".

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Renseneb

Renseneb Amenemhat (also known as Ranisonb) was an Egyptian pharaoh of the 13th Dynasty during the Second Intermediate Period.

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Resheph

Resheph (also Rešef, Reshef; Canaanite רשף; Eblaite Rašap, Egyptian ršpw) was a deity associated with plague (or a personification of plague) in ancient Canaanite religion.

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Rhind Mathematical Papyrus

The Rhind Mathematical Papyrus (RMP; also designated as papyrus British Museum 10057 and pBM 10058) is one of the best known examples of Egyptian mathematics.

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Rhinocorura

Rhinocorura (Ῥινοκόρουρα) or Rhinocolura (Ῥινοκόλουρα) was the name of a region and associated town (or towns) and rivers lying between Ancient Egypt and the Land of Israel.

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Richard O'Connor

General Sir Richard Nugent O'Connor & Bar, MC (21 August 1889 – 17 June 1981) was a senior British Army officer who fought in both the First and Second World Wars, and commanded the Western Desert Force in the early years of the Second World War.

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River delta

A river delta is a landform that forms from deposition of sediment carried by a river as the flow leaves its mouth and enters slower-moving or stagnant water.

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Rosetta

Rosetta (رشيد; Rosette; ⲣⲁϣⲓⲧ Rashit) is a port city of the Nile Delta, located east of Alexandria, in Egypt's Beheira governorate.

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Rosetta Stone

The Rosetta Stone is a granodiorite stele, found in 1799, inscribed with three versions of a decree issued at Memphis, Egypt in 196 BC during the Ptolemaic dynasty on behalf of King Ptolemy V.

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Rosicrucian Egyptian Museum

The Rosicrucian Egyptian Museum (REM) is devoted to Ancient Egypt, located at Rosicrucian Park in the Rose Garden neighborhood of San Jose, California, United States.

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Royal Wadi and tombs

The Royal Wadi (known locally as Wadi Abu Hassah el-Bahari) is a necropolis in Amarna, Egypt.

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Rudamun

Rudamun was the final pharaoh of the Twenty-third dynasty of Ancient Egypt.

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Rylands Library Papyrus P52

The Rylands Library Papyrus P52, also known as the St John's fragment and with an accession reference of Papyrus Rylands Greek 457, is a fragment from a papyrus codex, measuring only 3.5 by 2.5 inches (8.9 by 6 cm) at its widest; and conserved with the Rylands Papyri at the John Rylands University Library Manchester, UK.

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Safaga

Port Safaga, also known as Safaga (سفاجا), is a town in Egypt, on the coast of the Red Sea, located south of Hurghada.

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Sahara

The Sahara (الصحراء الكبرى,, 'the Great Desert') is the largest hot desert and the third largest desert in the world after Antarctica and the Arctic.

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Sahure

Sahure (meaning "He who is close to Re", also known in Greek as Sephrês, Σϵϕρής) was an ancient Egyptian pharaoh, the second ruler of the Fifth Dynasty, who reigned for about 12 years in the early 25th century BC.

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Saint Catherine's Monastery

Saint Catherine's Monastery (دير القدّيسة كاترين; Μονὴ τῆς Ἁγίας Αἰκατερίνης), officially "Sacred Monastery of the God-Trodden Mount Sinai" (Ιερά Μονή του Θεοβαδίστου Όρους Σινά), lies on the Sinai Peninsula, at the mouth of a gorge at the foot of Mount Sinai, near the town of Saint Catherine, Egypt.

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Sais, Egypt

Sais (Σάϊς, ⲥⲁⲓ) or Sa El Hagar (صا الحجر) was an ancient Egyptian town in the Western Nile Delta on the Canopic branch of the Nile.

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Salima Ikram

Salima Ikram is a professor of Egyptology at the American University in Cairo, a participant in many Egyptian archaeological projects, the author of several books on Egyptian archaeology, a contributor to various magazines and a frequent guest on pertinent television programs.

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Saqqara

Saqqara (سقارة), also spelled Sakkara or Saccara in English, is a vast, ancient burial ground in Egypt, serving as the necropolis for the Ancient Egyptian capital, Memphis.

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Sarcophagus

A sarcophagus (plural, sarcophagi) is a box-like funeral receptacle for a corpse, most commonly carved in stone, and usually displayed above ground, though it may also be buried.

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Satis (goddess)

Satis (Sṯt or Sṯı͗t,."Pourer" or "Shooter"), also known by numerous related names, was an Upper Egyptian goddess who, along with Khnum and Anuket, formed part of the Elephantine Triad.

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Scarab (artifact)

Scarabs were popular amulets and impression seals in Ancient Egypt.

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Scarabaeidae

The family Scarabaeidae as currently defined consists of over 30,000 species of beetles worldwide, often called scarabs or scarab beetles.

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Scribe

A scribe is a person who serves as a professional copyist, especially one who made copies of manuscripts before the invention of automatic printing.

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Season of the Emergence

The Season of the Emergence (Prt) was the second season of the lunar and civil Egyptian calendars.

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Season of the Harvest

The Season of the Harvest or Low Water was the third and final season of the lunar and civil Egyptian calendars.

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Season of the Inundation

The Season of the Inundation or Flood (Ꜣḫt) was the first season of the lunar and civil Egyptian calendars.

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Second Battle of El Alamein

The Second Battle of El Alamein (23 October – 11 November 1942) was a battle of the Second World War that took place near the Egyptian railway halt of El Alamein. With the Allies victorious, it was the watershed of the Western Desert Campaign. The First Battle of El Alamein had prevented the Axis from advancing further into Egypt. In August 1942, Lieutenant-General Sir Bernard Law Montgomery took command of the Eighth Army following the sacking of General Claude Auchinleck and the death of his replacement Lieutenant-General William Gott in an air crash. The Allied victory turned the tide in the North African Campaign and ended the Axis threat to Egypt, the Suez Canal and the Middle Eastern and Persian oil fields via North Africa. The Second Battle of El Alamein revived the morale of the Allies, being the first big success against the Axis since Operation Crusader in late 1941. The battle coincided with the Allied invasion of French North Africa in Operation Torch, which started on 8 November, the Battle of Stalingrad and the Guadalcanal Campaign.

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Second Dynasty of Egypt

The Second Dynasty of ancient Egypt (or Dynasty II, c. 2890 – c. 2686 BC) is the latter of the two dynasties of the Egyptian Archaic Period, when the seat of government was centred at Thinis.

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Second Intermediate Period of Egypt

The Second Intermediate Period marks a period when Ancient Egypt fell into disarray for a second time, between the end of the Middle Kingdom and the start of the New Kingdom.

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Sed festival

The Sed festival (ḥb-sd, conventional pronunciation; also known as Heb Sed or Feast of the Tail) was an ancient Egyptian ceremony that celebrated the continued rule of a pharaoh.

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Sehel Island

Sehel Island is located in the Nile, about southwest of Aswan in southern Egypt.

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Seked

Seked (or seqed) is an ancient Egyptian term describing the inclination of the triangular faces of a right pyramid.

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Seker

Seker (also spelled Sokar) is a falcon god of the Memphite necropolis.

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Sekhemre-Wepmaat Intef

Sekhemre-Wepmaat Intef (or Antef, Inyotef) was an Egyptian king of the Seventeenth Dynasty of Egypt, who lived late during the Second Intermediate Period, when Egypt was divided into two by Hyksos controlled Lower Egypt and Theban ruled Upper Egypt.

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Sekhmet

In Egyptian mythology, Sekhmet (or Sachmis, also spelled Sakhmet, Sekhet, or Sakhet, among other spellings, is a warrior goddess as well as goddess of healing. She is depicted as a lioness, the fiercest hunter known to the Egyptians. It was said that her breath formed the desert. She was seen as the protector of the pharaohs and led them in warfare. Her cult was so dominant in the culture that when the first pharaoh of the twelfth dynasty, Amenemhat I, moved the capital of Egypt to Itjtawy, the centre for her cult was moved as well. Religion, the royal lineage, and the authority to govern were intrinsically interwoven in ancient Egypt during its approximately three millennia of existence. Sekhmet is also a solar deity, sometimes called the daughter of Ra and often associated with the goddesses Hathor and Bast. She bears the Solar disk and the uraeus which associates her with Wadjet and royalty. With these associations she can be construed as being a divine arbiter of Ma'at ("justice" or "order") in the Judgment Hall of Osiris, associating her with the Wadjet (later the Eye of Ra), and connecting her with Tefnut as well.

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Senakhtenre Ahmose

Senakhtenre Ahmose was the seventh king of the Seventeenth dynasty of Egypt during the Second Intermediate Period.

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Senenmut

Senenmut (sometimes spelled Senmut, Senemut, or Senmout) was an 18th dynasty ancient Egyptian architect and government official.

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Senet

Senet (or Senat) is a board game from ancient Egypt whose original rules are the subject of conjecture.

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Seqenenre Tao

N5-O34:N29-N35:N35|nomen.

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Serabit el-Khadim

Serabit el-Khadim (سرابيط الخادم (also transliterated Serabit al-Khadim, Serabit el-Khadem) is a locality in the southwest Sinai Peninsula, Egypt, where turquoise was mined extensively in antiquity, mainly by the ancient Egyptians. Archaeological excavation, initially by Sir Flinders Petrie, revealed ancient mining camps and a long-lived Temple of Hathor, the Egyptian goddess who was favoured as a protector in desert regions.

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Serapeum

A serapeum is a temple or other religious institution dedicated to the syncretic Greco-Egyptian deity Serapis, who combined aspects of Osiris and Apis in a humanized form that was accepted by the Ptolemaic Greeks of Alexandria.

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Serekh

A serekh was a specific important type of heraldic crest used in ancient Egypt.

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Serket

Serket (also known as Serqet, Selket, Selqet, or Selcis) is the goddess of fertility, nature, animals, medicine, magic, and healing venomous stings and bites in Egyptian mythology, originally the deification of the scorpion.

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Set (deity)

Set or Seth (Egyptian: stẖ; also transliterated Setesh, Sutekh, Setekh, or Suty) is a god of the desert, storms, disorder, violence, and foreigners in ancient Egyptian religion.

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Seventeenth Dynasty of Egypt

The Seventeenth Dynasty of Egypt (notated Dynasty XVII, alternatively 17th Dynasty or Dynasty 17) is classified as the third Dynasty of the Ancient Egyptian Second Intermediate Period.

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Shai

Shai (also spelt Sai, occasionally Shay, and in Greek, Psais) was the deification of the concept of fate in Egyptian mythology.

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Sharm El Sheikh

Sharm El Sheikh (شرم الشيخ) is a city on the southern tip of the Sinai Peninsula, in South Sinai Governorate, Egypt, on the coastal strip along the Red Sea.

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Shasu

The Shasu (from Egyptian š3sw, probably pronounced Shaswe) were Semitic-speaking cattle nomads in the Levant from the late Bronze Age to the Early Iron Age or the Third Intermediate Period of Egypt.

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Shen ring

In ancient Egypt a shen ring was a circle with a line tangent to it, represented in hieroglyphs as a stylised loop of a rope.

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Sherden

The Sherden (Egyptian šrdn, š3rd3n3 or š3rdyn3, Ugaritic šrdnn(m) and trtn(m), possibly Akkadian še–er–ta–an–nu; also glossed “Shardana” or “Sherdanu”) are one of several groups of "Sea Peoples" who appear in fragmentary historical and iconographic records (Egyptian and Ugaritic) from the Eastern Mediterranean in the late second millennium BCE.

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Shezmu

Shesmu (alternatively Schesmu and Shezmu) is an Ancient Egyptian deity with a contradictory character.

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Shittah tree

Shittahz tree (Hebrew: שטה) or the plural "shittim" was used in the Tanakh to refer to trees belonging to the genus Vachellia and the genus Faidherbia.

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Shoshenq I

Hedjkheperre Setepenre Shoshenq I (Egyptian ššnq, Tamazight: ⵛⵉⵛⵓⵏⵇ cicunq), (reigned c. 943–922 BC)—also known as Sheshonk or Sheshonq I (for discussion of the spelling, see Shoshenq)—was a pharaoh of ancient Egypt and the founder of the Twenty-second Dynasty of Egypt.

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Shu (Egyptian god)

Shu (Egyptian for "emptiness" and "he who rises up") was one of the primordial Egyptian gods, a personification of air, spouse and counterpart to goddess Tefnut and one of the nine deities of the Ennead of the Heliopolis cosmogony.

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Sia (god)

Sia or Saa, an ancient Egyptian god, was the deification of perception in the Heliopolitan Ennead cosmogony and is probably equivalent to the intellectual energies of the heart of Ptah in the Memphite cosmogeny.

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Sidi Barrani

Sidi Barrani (سيدى برانى) is a town in Egypt, near the Mediterranean Sea, about east of the border with Libya, and around from Tobruk, Libya.

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Sinai Peninsula

The Sinai Peninsula or simply Sinai (now usually) is a peninsula in Egypt, and the only part of the country located in Asia.

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Sistrum

A sistrum (plural: sistrums or Latin sistra; from the Greek σεῖστρον seistron of the same meaning; literally "that which is being shaken", from σείειν seiein, "to shake") is a musical instrument of the percussion family, chiefly associated with ancient Iraq and Egypt.

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Siwa Oasis

The Siwa Oasis (واحة سيوة, Wāḥat Sīwah) is an urban oasis in Egypt between the Qattara Depression and the Great Sand Sea in the Western Desert, nearly 50 km (30 mi) east of the Libyan border, and 560 km (348 mi) from Cairo.

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Siwi language

Siwi (also known as Siwan or Siwa Berber, autonym: Jlan n Isiwan) is the easternmost Berber language, spoken in Egypt by an estimated 15,000Grammatical Contact in the Sahara: Arabic, Berber, and Songhay in Tabelbala and Siwa, Lameen Souag, PhD thesis, SOAS, 2010 to 20,000 people in the oases of Siwa and Gara, near the Libyan border.

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Six-Day War

The Six-Day War (Hebrew: מלחמת ששת הימים, Milhemet Sheshet Ha Yamim; Arabic: النكسة, an-Naksah, "The Setback" or حرب ۱۹٦۷, Ḥarb 1967, "War of 1967"), also known as the June War, 1967 Arab–Israeli War, or Third Arab–Israeli War, was fought between 5 and 10 June 1967 by Israel and the neighboring states of Egypt (known at the time as the United Arab Republic), Jordan, and Syria.

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Sixteenth Dynasty of Egypt

The Sixteenth Dynasty of ancient Egypt (notated Dynasty XVI) was a dynasty of pharaohs that ruled the Theban region in Upper Egypt for 70 years.

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Sixth Dynasty of Egypt

The Sixth Dynasty of ancient Egypt (notated Dynasty VI) along with Dynasties III, IV and V constitute the Old Kingdom of Dynastic Egypt.

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Smenkhkare

Ankhkheperure Smenkhkare Djeser Kheperu (sometimes spelled Smenkhare, Smenkare or Smenkhkara) was a short-lived pharaoh in the late 18th dynasty.

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Sneferu

Sneferu (also read Snefru or Snofru), well known under his Hellenized name Soris (Σῶρις) (by Manetho), was the founding monarch of the 4th dynasty during the Old Kingdom.

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Soad Hosny

Soad Hosny (سعاد حسنى: January 26, 1943 – June 21, 2001) was an Egyptian actress born in Cairo.

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Sobek

Sobek (also called Sebek, Sochet, Sobk, and Sobki), in Greek, Suchos (Σοῦχος) and from Latin Suchus, was an ancient Egyptian deity with a complex and fluid nature.

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Sobekneferu

Sobekneferu (sometimes written "Neferusobek") reigned as pharaoh of Egypt after the death of her brother Amenemhat IV.

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Sofitel Winter Palace Hotel

The Sofitel Winter Palace Hotel, also known as the Old Winter Palace Hotel, is a historic British colonial-era 5-star luxury resort hotel located on the banks of the River Nile in Luxor, Egypt, just south of Luxor Temple, with 86 rooms and 6 suites.

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Solar deity

A solar deity (also sun god or sun goddess) is a sky deity who represents the Sun, or an aspect of it, usually by its perceived power and strength.

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Sopdet

Sopdet is the ancient Egyptian name of the star Sirius and its personification as an Egyptian goddess.

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Sopdu

Sopdu (also rendered Septu or Sopedu) was a god of the sky and of eastern border regions in ancient Egyptian religion.

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Southern Tomb 25

Southern Tomb 25 is a sepulchre in Amarna, Egypt.

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Speos Artemidos

The Speos Artemidos (Grotto of Artemis) is an archaeological site in Egypt.

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Sphinx

A sphinx (Σφίγξ, Boeotian: Φίξ, plural sphinxes or sphinges) is a mythical creature with the head of a human and the body of a lion.

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Stargate

Stargate is a science fiction media franchise based on the film written by Dean Devlin and Roland Emmerich.

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Stele

A steleAnglicized plural steles; Greek plural stelai, from Greek στήλη, stēlē.

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Step pyramid

A step pyramid or stepped pyramid is an architectural structure that uses flat platforms, or steps, receding from the ground up, to achieve a completed shape similar to a geometric pyramid.

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Story of Sinuhe

The Story of Sinuhe is considered one of the finest works of ancient Egyptian literature.

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Story of Wenamun

The Story of Wenamun (alternately known as the Report of Wenamun, The Misadventures of Wenamun, Voyage of Unamūn, or as just Wenamun) is a literary text written in hieratic in the Late Egyptian language.

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Strabo

Strabo (Στράβων Strábōn; 64 or 63 BC AD 24) was a Greek geographer, philosopher, and historian who lived in Asia Minor during the transitional period of the Roman Republic into the Roman Empire.

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Suez

Suez (السويس; Egyptian Arabic) is a seaport city (population ca. 497,000) in north-eastern Egypt, located on the north coast of the Gulf of Suez (a branch of the Red Sea), near the southern terminus of the Suez Canal, having the same boundaries as Suez governorate.

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Suez Canal

thumb The Suez Canal (قناة السويس) is an artificial sea-level waterway in Egypt, connecting the Mediterranean Sea to the Red Sea through the Isthmus of Suez.

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Suez Crisis

The Suez Crisis, or the Second Arab–Israeli War, also named the Tripartite Aggression (in the Arab world) and Operation Kadesh or Sinai War (in Israel),Also named: Suez Canal Crisis, Suez War, Suez–Sinai war, Suez Campaign, Sinai Campaign, Operation Musketeer (أزمة السويس /‎ العدوان الثلاثي, "Suez Crisis"/ "the Tripartite Aggression"; Crise du canal de Suez; מבצע קדש "Operation Kadesh", or מלחמת סיני, "Sinai War") was an invasion of Egypt in late 1956 by Israel, followed by the United Kingdom and France.

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Syenite

Syenite is a coarse-grained intrusive igneous rock with a general composition similar to that of granite, but deficient in quartz, which, if present at all, occurs in relatively small concentrations (.

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Syriac language

Syriac (ܠܫܢܐ ܣܘܪܝܝܐ), also known as Syriac Aramaic or Classical Syriac, is a dialect of Middle Aramaic.

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Taba, Egypt

Taba (طابا) is a small Egyptian town near the northern tip of the Gulf of Aqaba.

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Tadukhipa

Tadukhipa, in the Hurrian language Tadu-Hepa, was the daughter of Tushratta, king of Mitanni (reigned ca. 1382 BC–1342 BC) and his queen Juni, and niece of Artashumara.

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Taharqa

Taharqa, also spelled Taharka or Taharqo (Manetho's Tarakos, Strabo's Tearco), was a pharaoh of ancient Egypt of the Twenty-fifth Dynasty and qore (king) of the Kingdom of Kush.

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Tahpanhes

Tahpanhes (also transliterated Tahapanes or Tehaphnehes; known by the Ancient Greeks as the (Pelusian) Daphnae (Δάφναι αἱ Πηλούσιαι) and Taphnas (Ταφνας) in the Septuagint, now Tell Defenneh) was a city in Ancient Egypt.

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Takelot I

Hedjkheperre Setepenre Takelot I was an ancient Libyan ruler who was a Pharaoh during the 22nd Dynasty of Ancient Egypt.

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Takelot II

Hedjkheperre Setepenre Takelot II Si-Ese was a pharaoh of the Twenty-third Dynasty of Ancient Egypt in Middle and Upper Egypt.

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Takelot III

Usimare Setepenamun Takelot III Si-Ese (reigned 774–759 BC) was Osorkon III's eldest son and successor.

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Talatat

Talatat are stone blocks of standardized size (c. 27 by 27 by 54 cm, corresponding to by by 1 ancient Egyptian cubits) used during the 18th dynasty reign of the Pharaoh Akhenaten in the building of the Aton temples at Karnak and Akhetaten (modern Amarna).

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Tamer Hosny

Tamer Hosny (تامر حسني; born 16 August 1977) is an Egyptian singer, actor, composer, director and songwriter.

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Tanis

Tanis (ϫⲁⲛⲓ/ϫⲁⲁⲛⲉ; Τάνις; ḏˁn.t /ˈɟuʕnat/ or /ˈcʼuʕnat/; صان الحجر) is a city in the north-eastern Nile Delta of Egypt.

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Tantamani

Tantamani (Assyrian UR-daname), Tanutamun or Tanwetamani (Egyptian) or Tementhes (Greek) (d. 653 BC) was a Pharaoh of Egypt and the Kingdom of Kush located in Northern Sudan and a member of the Nubian or Twenty-fifth dynasty of Egypt.

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Taweret

In Ancient Egyptian religion, Taweret (also spelled Taurt, Tuat, Taouris, Tuart, Ta-weret, Tawaret, Twert, Thoeris and Taueret, and in Greek, Θουέρις – Thouéris and Toeris) is the protective ancient Egyptian goddess of childbirth and fertility.

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Tawfiq of Egypt

Mohamed Tewfik Pasha (محمد توفيق باشا, Muhammed Tevfik Paşa; April 30 or November 15, 1852 – January 7, 1892), also known as Tawfiq of Egypt, was khedive of Egypt and the Sudan between 1879 and 1892 and the sixth ruler from the Muhammad Ali Dynasty.

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Tefnakht

Shepsesre Tefnakht (in Greek known as Tnephachthos) was a prince of Sais and founder of the relatively short Twenty-fourth dynasty of Egypt; he rose to become a Chief of the Ma in his home city.

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Tefnut

Tefnut (tfn.t) is a goddess of moisture, moist air, dew and rain in Ancient Egyptian religion.

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Telecommunications in Egypt

Egypt has long been the cultural and informational centre of the Middle East and North Africa, and Cairo is the region's largest publishing and broadcasting centre.

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Temple of Kom Ombo

The Temple of Kom Ombo is an unusual double temple in the town of Kom Ombo in Aswan Governorate, Upper Egypt.

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Tenenet

Tenenet, alts.

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Tenth Dynasty of Egypt

The Tenth Dynasty of ancient Egypt (Dynasty X) is often combined with the 7th, 8th, 9th and early 11th Dynasties under the group title First Intermediate Period.

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Teti

Teti, less commonly known as Othoes, read as Tata and pronounced Atat or Athath, was the first pharaoh of the Sixth dynasty of Egypt.

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Tey

Tey was the wife of Kheperkheprure Ay (occasionally "Aya"), who was the penultimate pharaoh of Ancient Egypt's 18th dynasty.

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Thamphthis

Thamphthis is the hellenized name of an ancient Egyptian ruler (pharaoh) of the 4th dynasty in the Old Kingdom, who may have ruled around 2500 BC under the name Djedefptah for between two and nine years.

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The Egyptian

The Egyptian (Sinuhe egyptiläinen, Sinuhe the Egyptian) is a historical novel by Mika Waltari.

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The Exodus Decoded

The Exodus Decoded is a "documentary film" aired on April 16, 2006, on The History Channel.

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The Ten Commandments (1956 film)

The Ten Commandments is a 1956 American epic religious drama film produced, directed, and narrated by Cecil B. DeMille, shot in VistaVision (color by Technicolor), and released by Paramount Pictures.

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Theban Mapping Project

The Theban Mapping Project is an archaeological expedition devoted to Ancient Egypt.

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Theban Necropolis

The Theban Necropolis is a necropolis on the west bank of the Nile, opposite Thebes (Luxor) in Upper Egypt.

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Thebes, Egypt

Thebes (Θῆβαι, Thēbai), known to the ancient Egyptians as Waset, was an ancient Egyptian city located east of the Nile about south of the Mediterranean.

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Thesh

Thesh, also known as Tjesh and Tesh, is mentioned in the Palermo Stone as a Predynastic Egyptian king who ruled in Lower Egypt.

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Third Dynasty of Egypt

The Third Dynasty of ancient Egypt is the first dynasty of the Old Kingdom.

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Third Intermediate Period of Egypt

The Third Intermediate Period of Ancient Egypt began with the death of Pharaoh Ramesses XI in 1070 BC, ending the New Kingdom, and was eventually followed by the Late Period.

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Thirteenth Dynasty of Egypt

The Thirteenth Dynasty of ancient Egypt (notated Dynasty XIII) is often combined with Dynasties XI, XII and XIV under the group title Middle Kingdom.

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Thirtieth Dynasty of Egypt

The Thirtieth Dynasty of Egypt (notated Dynasty XXX, alternatively 30th Dynasty or Dynasty 30) is usually classified as the fifth Dynasty of the Late Period of ancient Egypt.

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Thomas Young (scientist)

Thomas Young FRS (13 June 1773 – 10 May 1829) was a British polymath and physician.

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Thoth

Thoth (from Greek Θώθ; derived from Egyptian ḏḥw.ty) is one of the deities of the Egyptian pantheon.

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Thutmose (18th-dynasty vizier)

Thutmose was an ancient Egyptian vizier under Amenhotep III, during the 18th Dynasty.

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Thutmose (19th-dynasty vizier)

The Ancient Egyptian Noble Thutmose (Thutmosis) was Vizier during the latter part of the reign of Ramesses II during the 19th dynasty.

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Thutmose (prince)

Thutmose (or, more accurately, Djhutmose) was the eldest son of Pharaoh Amenhotep III and Queen Tiye, who lived during the Eighteenth dynasty of Egypt.

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Thutmose (sculptor)

"The King's Favourite and Master of Works, the Sculptor Thutmose" (also spelled Djhutmose, Thutmosis, and Thutmes), flourished 1350 BC, is thought to have been the official court sculptor of the Egyptian Pharaoh Akhenaten in the latter part of his reign.

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Thutmose I

Thutmose I (sometimes read as Thutmosis or Tuthmosis I, Thothmes in older history works in Latinized Greek; Ancient Egyptian: /ḏḥwty.ms/ Djehutymes, meaning "Thoth is born") was the third pharaoh of the 18th dynasty of Egypt.

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Thutmose II

Thutmose II (sometimes read as Thutmosis or Tuthmosis II, Thothmes in older history works in Latinized Greek; Ancient Egyptian: /ḏḥwty.ms/ Djehutymes, meaning "Thoth is born") was the fourth Pharaoh of the Eighteenth dynasty of Egypt.

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Thutmose III

Thutmose III (sometimes read as Thutmosis or Tuthmosis III, Thothmes in older history works, and meaning "Thoth is born") was the sixth pharaoh of the Eighteenth Dynasty.

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Thutmose IV

Thutmose IV (sometimes read as Thutmosis or Tuthmosis IV, Thothmes in older history works in Latinized Greek; Ancient Egyptian: /ḏḥwty.ms/ Djehutymes, meaning "Thoth is born") was the 8th Pharaoh of the 18th dynasty of Egypt, who ruled in approximately the 14th century BC.

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Tiye

Tiye (c. 1398 BC – 1338 BC, also spelled Taia, Tiy and Tiyi) was the daughter of Yuya and Tjuyu.

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Tjuyu

Tjuyu (sometimes transliterated as Thuya or Thuyu) was an Egyptian noblewoman and the mother of queen Tiye, and the wife of Yuya.

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Tombs of the Nobles (Amarna)

Located in Middle Egypt, the Tombs of the Nobles at Amarna are the burial places of some of the powerful courtiers and persons of the city of Akhetaten.

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Transliteration of Ancient Egyptian

In the field of Egyptology, transliteration of Ancient Egyptian is the process of converting (or mapping) texts written in the Egyptian language to alphabetic symbols representing uniliteral hieroglyphs or their hieratic and Demotic counterparts.

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Transport in Egypt

Transport in Egypt is centered in Cairo and largely follows the pattern of settlement along the Nile.

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TT71

Theban Tomb TT71 is located in the Theban Necropolis, on the west bank of the Nile, opposite to Luxor.

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Turin King List

The Turin King List, also known as the Turin Royal Canon, is an ancient Egyptian hieratic papyrus thought to date from the reign of Pharaoh Ramesses II, now in the Museo Egizio (Egyptian Museum) in Turin.

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Tutankhamun

Tutankhamun (alternatively spelled with Tutenkh-, -amen, -amon) was an Egyptian pharaoh of the 18th dynasty (ruled c. 1332–1323 BC in the conventional chronology), during the period of Egyptian history known as the New Kingdom or sometimes the New Empire Period.

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Tutankhamun and the Daughter of Ra

Tutankhamun and the Daughter of Ra is a novel written by Moyra Caldecott in 1989.

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Tuthmose (Viceroy of Kush)

Tuthmose was the Viceroy of Kush during the reign of Akhenaten.

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Tutkheperre Shoshenq

Tutkheperre Shoshenq or Shoshenq IIb is an obscure Third Intermediate Period Libyan king whose existence was until recently doubted.

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Twelfth Dynasty of Egypt

The Twelfth Dynasty of ancient Egypt (Dynasty XII), is often combined with the Eleventh, Thirteenth and Fourteenth Dynasties under the group title Middle Kingdom.

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Twelfth Dynasty of Egypt family tree

As with most Ancient Egyptian royal dynasties, the family tree for the Twelfth Dynasty is complex and unclear.

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Twentieth Dynasty of Egypt

The Twentieth Dynasty of Egypt (notated Dynasty XX, alternatively 20th Dynasty or Dynasty 20) is classified as the third and last dynasty of the Ancient Egyptian New Kingdom period, lasting from 1189 BC to 1077 BC.

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Twenty-eighth Dynasty of Egypt

The Twenty-eighth Dynasty of Egypt (notated Dynasty XXVIII, alternatively 28th Dynasty or Dynasty 28) is usually classified as the third dynasty of the Ancient Egyptian Late Period.

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Twenty-fifth Dynasty of Egypt

The Twenty-fifth Dynasty of Egypt (notated Dynasty XXV, alternatively 25th Dynasty or Dynasty 25), also known as the Nubian Dynasty or the Kushite Empire, was the last dynasty of the Third Intermediate Period that occurred after the Nubian invasion of Ancient Egypt.

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Twenty-first Dynasty of Egypt

The Twenty-first Dynasty of Egypt (notated Dynasty XXI, alternatively 21st Dynasty or Dynasty 21) is usually classified as the first Dynasty of the Ancient Egyptian Third Intermediate Period, lasting from 1069 BC to 945 BC.

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Twenty-fourth Dynasty of Egypt

The Twenty-fourth Dynasty of Egypt (notated Dynasty XXIV, alternatively 24th Dynasty or Dynasty 24), is usually classified as the fourth Dynasty of the Ancient Egyptian Third Intermediate Period.

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Twenty-ninth Dynasty of Egypt

The Twenty-ninth Dynasty of Egypt (notated Dynasty XXIX, alternatively 29th Dynasty or Dynasty 29) is usually classified as the fourth Dynasty of the Ancient Egyptian Late Period.

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Twenty-second Dynasty of Egypt

The Twenty-second Dynasty of Egypt is also known as the Bubastite Dynasty, since the pharaohs originally ruled from the city of Bubastis.

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Twenty-sixth Dynasty of Egypt

The Twenty-sixth Dynasty of Egypt (notated Dynasty XXVI, alternatively 26th Dynasty or Dynasty 26) was the last native dynasty to rule Egypt before the Persian conquest in 525 BC (although others followed).

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Twenty-third Dynasty of Egypt

The Twenty-third Dynasty of Egypt (notated Dynasty XXIII, alternatively 23rd Dynasty or Dynasty 23) is usually classified as the third dynasty of the ancient Egyptian Third Intermediate Period.

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Twosret

Twosret (Tawosret, Tausret, d. 1189 BC conventional chronology) was the last known ruler and the final Pharaoh of the Nineteenth Dynasty of Egypt.

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Umm El Qa'ab

Umm El Qa`āb (sometimes Umm El Ga'ab, أم القعاب) is the necropolis of the Early Dynastic kings at Abydos, in Egypt.

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Umm Kulthum

Umm Kulthum (أم كلثوم;; born (فاطمة إبراهيم السيد البلتاجي; see kunya) on an uncertain date (December 31, 1898, or May 4, 1904), died February 3, 1975) was an internationally renowned Egyptian singer, songwriter, and film actress active from the 1920s to the 1970s.

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Unas

Unas or Wenis, also spelled Unis (hellenized form Oenas or Onnos), was an Ancient Egyptian pharaoh, the ninth and last ruler of the Fifth Dynasty during the Old Kingdom period.

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Unfinished obelisk

The unfinished obelisk is the largest known ancient obelisk and is located in the northern region of the stone quarries of ancient Egypt in Aswan (Assuan), Egypt.

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United Arab Republic

The United Arab Republic (UAR; الجمهورية العربية المتحدة) was, between 1958 and 1971, a sovereign state in the Middle East, and between 1958 and 1961, a short-lived political union consisting of Egypt (including the occupied Gaza Strip) and Syria.

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Unut

Unut, alt.

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Upper and Lower Egypt

In Egyptian history, the Upper and Lower Egypt period (also known as The Two Lands, a name for Ancient Egypt during this time) was the final stage of its prehistory and directly preceded the nation's unification.

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Uraeus

The Uraeus (plural Uraei or Uraeuses; from the Greek οὐραῖος, ouraîos, "on its tail"; from Egyptian jʿr.t (iaret), "rearing cobra") is the stylized, upright form of an Egyptian cobra (asp, serpent, or snake), used as a symbol of sovereignty, royalty, deity and divine authority in ancient Egypt.

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Userkaf

Userkaf (known in Greek as Usercherês, Ούσερχέρης) was the founder of the Fifth dynasty of Egypt and the first pharaoh to start the tradition of building sun temples at Abusir.

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Userkare

Userkare (also Woserkare, meaning "Powerful is the soul of Ra") was the second pharaoh of the Sixth Dynasty, reigning briefly, 1 to 5 years, in the late 24th to early 23rd century BC.

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Ushabti

The ushabti (also called shabti or shawabti, with a number of variant spellings, Ancient Egyptian plural: ushabtiu) was a funerary figurine used in Ancient Egypt.

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Valley of the Kings

The Valley of the Kings (وادي الملوك), also known as the Valley of the Gates of the Kings (وادي ابواب الملوك), is a valley in Egypt where, for a period of nearly 500 years from the 16th to 11th century BC, rock cut tombs were excavated for the Pharaohs and powerful nobles of the New Kingdom (the Eighteenth to the Twentieth Dynasties of Ancient Egypt).

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Valley of the Queens

The Valley of the Queens (وادي الملكات) is a place in Egypt where wives of Pharaohs were buried in ancient times.

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Via della Vittoria

The Via della Vittoria was a military road between Bardia in Italian Libya and Sidi Barrani in western Egypt.

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Via Maris

Via Maris is the modern name for an ancient trade route, dating from the early Bronze Age, linking Egypt with the northern empires of Syria, Anatolia and Mesopotamia — modern day Iran, Iraq, Israel, Turkey and Syria.

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Vizier (Ancient Egypt)

The vizier was the highest official in Ancient Egypt to serve the pharaoh (king) during the Old, Middle, and New Kingdoms.

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Wadjet

Wadjet (or; Egyptian wꜢḏyt "green one"), known to the Greek world as Uto (Οὐτώ/) or Buto (Βουτώ/) among other names including Wedjat, Uadjet, and Udjo was originally the ancient local goddess of the city of Dep (Buto).

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Wagh El Birket

Wagh El Birket (وجه البركة. (here, pronounced with the 'g' and the 'h' separate), lit. "the face of the lake" or "fronting the lake") was, through the first half of the 20th century, the entertainment district (or red-light district) of Cairo, Egypt.

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Wahibre Ibiau

Wahibre Ibiau (throne name: Wahibre; birth name: Ibiau, also Ibiaw) was an ancient Egyptian pharaoh of the 13th Dynasty, who reigned c. 1670 BC for 10 years 8 months and 29 days according to the Turin King List.

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Wahkare Khety

Wahkare Khety was an Ancient Egyptian pharaoh of the 9th or 10th Dynasty during the First Intermediate Period.

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Water resources management in modern Egypt

*Most of this article was written in 2009, with subsequent updates on certain aspects, most recently in 2013. Water resources management in modern Egypt is a complex process that involves multiple stakeholders who use water for irrigation, municipal and industrial water supply, hydropower generation and navigation.

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Water supply and sanitation in Egypt

Drinking water supply and sanitation in Egypt is characterized by both achievements and challenges.

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Wazner

Wazner (also Wazenez, Wadjenedj and possibly Wenegbu) is mentioned in the Palermo Stone as a Predynastic Egyptian king who ruled in Lower Egypt.

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Wegaf

Khutawyre Wegaf (or Ugaf) was a pharaoh of the Thirteenth Dynasty of Egypt who is known from several sources, including a stele and statues.

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Weneg (Egyptian deity)

Weneg (also read as Uneg) was a sky and death deity from ancient Egyptian religion, who was said to protect the earth and her inhabitants against the arrival of the "great chaos".

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Weneg (pharaoh)

Weneg (or Uneg), also known as Weneg-Nebty, is the throne name of an early Egyptian king, who ruled during the second dynasty.

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Wepwawet

In late Egyptian mythology, Wepwawet (hieroglyphic wp-w3w.t; also rendered Upuaut, Wep-wawet, Wepawet, and Ophois) was originally a war deity, whose cult centre was Asyut in Upper Egypt (Lycopolis in the Greco-Roman period).

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Werethekau

Werethekau (Egyptian: wrt-hk3w "great one of magic, great enchantress"; alternately Urthekau, Weret Hekau) was an Ancient Egyptian deity.

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West Nile virus

West Nile virus (WNV) is a single-stranded RNA virus that causes West Nile fever.

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Westcar Papyrus

The Westcar Papyrus (inventory-designation: P. Berlin 3033) is an ancient Egyptian text containing five stories about miracles performed by priests and magicians.

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Western Desert Force

The Western Desert Force (WDF) was a British Army formation active in Egypt during the Western Desert Campaign of the Second World War.

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Women in ancient Egypt

Women in ancient Egypt had some special rights other women did not have in other comparable societies.

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Workmen's Village, Amarna

Located in the desert east of the ancient city of Akhetaten, the Workmen's village at Amarna was built during the reign of Pharaoh Akhenaten (c. 1349-1332 BCE) and the concurrent growth of Akhetaten.

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Wosret

Wosret,(Pronounced Wos-ret) Wasret, or Wosyet meaning the powerful was an Egyptian goddess with a cult centre at Thebes in Upper Egypt.

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WV22

Tomb WV22, in the Western arm of the Valley of the Kings, was used as the resting place of one of the rulers of Egypt's New Kingdom, Amenhotep III.

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WV23

Tomb WV23, located at the end of the Western Valley of the Kings near modern-day Luxor, was the final resting place of Pharaoh Ay of the 18th Dynasty.

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WV25

Tomb WV25 in the West Valley of the Valley of the Kings, Egypt, is clearly the beginnings of a Royal Tomb, but was never finished or decorated.

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Xerxes I

Xerxes I (𐎧𐏁𐎹𐎠𐎼𐏁𐎠 x-š-y-a-r-š-a Xšayaṛša "ruling over heroes", Greek Ξέρξης; 519–465 BC), called Xerxes the Great, was the fourth king of kings of the Achaemenid dynasty of Persia.

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Xerxes II of Persia

Xerxes II (IPA:/ˈzəːksiːz/ - Xšayāršā) was a Persian king and the son and successor of Artaxerxes I. After a reign of forty-five days, he was assassinated in 424 BC by his brother Sogdianus, who in turn was murdered by Darius II.

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Yaqub-Har

Meruserre Yaqub-Har (other spelling: Yakubher, also known as Yak-Baal) was a pharaoh of Egypt during the 17th or 16th century BCE.

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Yom Kippur War

The Yom Kippur War, Ramadan War, or October War (or מלחמת יום כיפור,;,, or حرب تشرين), also known as the 1973 Arab–Israeli War, was a war fought from October 6 to 25, 1973, by a coalition of Arab states led by Egypt and Syria against Israel.

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Youssef Chahine

Youssef Chahine (يوسف شاهين; 25 January 1926 – 27 July 2008) was an Egyptian film director, he was active in the Egyptian film industry from 1950 until his death.

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Yuya

Yuya (sometimes Iouiya, also known as Yaa, Ya, Yiya, Yayi, Yu, Yuyu, Yaya, Yiay, Yia, and Yuy) was a powerful Egyptian courtier during the Eighteenth dynasty of Egypt (circa 1390 BC).

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Zagazig

Zagazig (الزقازيق, rural) is a city in Lower Egypt.

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Zahi Hawass

Zahi Hawass (زاهي حواس; born May 28, 1947) is an Egyptian archaeologist, an Egyptologist, and former Minister of State for Antiquities Affairs.

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Zawyet El Aryan

Zawyet El Aryan (زاویة العریان) is a town in the Giza Governorate, located between Giza and Abusir.

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Egypt related lists, List of Egypt-related articles.

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_of_Egypt-related_articles

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