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156 relations: Adjuvant, Alum, Amantadine, Amino acid, Antigen, Antigenic shift, Antiviral drug, Arctic, AS03, AS04, Avian influenza, Bacterial pneumonia, Barack Obama, Bioterrorism, Black Death, Black-headed gull, Bleeding, Canine influenza, Case fatality rate, Center for Infectious Disease Research and Policy, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Chiron Corporation, Cholera, Clade, Common cold, Council on Foreign Relations, Cytokine release syndrome, David Nabarro, Detergent, Diarrhea, Dick Durbin, Disinfectant, Edema, Endemic (epidemiology), Epidemic, Equine influenza, European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, European Commission, Evan Bayh, Family (biology), Feces, Food and Agriculture Organization, Food and Drug Administration, Fujian flu, Gastroenteritis, Genome, George W. Bush, Gilead Sciences, Glutamic acid, Guizhou, ..., Harry Reid, Healthcare in Malaysia, Hemagglutinin, Henipavirus, HIV/AIDS, Immunity (medical), Infection, Influenza, Influenza A virus, Influenza A virus subtype H10N7, Influenza A virus subtype H1N1, Influenza A virus subtype H1N2, Influenza A virus subtype H2N2, Influenza A virus subtype H3N2, Influenza A virus subtype H3N8, Influenza A virus subtype H5N1, Influenza A virus subtype H7N2, Influenza A virus subtype H7N3, Influenza A virus subtype H7N7, Influenza A virus subtype H9N2, Influenza pandemic, Influenza vaccine, Influenzavirus B, International Partnership on Avian and Pandemic Influenza, King County, Washington, List of epidemics, Lysine, Malaise, Mammal, Megabat, MF59, Mortality rate, Mucus, Mutation, Myalgia, National Academies Press, National Academy of Medicine, National Influenza Centers, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Neuraminidase, Neuraminidase inhibitor, New Scientist, Orthomyxoviridae, Oseltamivir, Pandemic, Pandemic H1N1/09 virus, Pandemic Preparedness and Response Act, Pandemic severity index, Particulates, Pathogen, Petechia, Pneumonia, Politics of Malaysia, Probenecid, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, Public Health Agency of Canada, Residue (chemistry), Reuters, Rimantadine, RNA, RNA polymerase, RNA virus, Saliva, Sanofi, Sanofi Pasteur, Science (journal), Sequela, Severe acute respiratory syndrome, Sialic acid, Siberia, Spanish flu, Species, Strain (biology), Subsistence agriculture, Surgical mask, Swine influenza, Ted Kennedy, Telecommuting, The Lancet, The New England Journal of Medicine, The New York Times, The New Zealand Herald, Timeline of influenza, Tom Harkin, Tommy Thompson, United Nations General Assembly, United States Agency for International Development, United States Department of Agriculture, United States Department of Health and Human Services, United States Department of State, United States Geological Survey, University of Minnesota, Vaccination, Vaccine, Wet market, Wild duck, World Health Organization, World Organisation for Animal Health, World population, Zanamivir, Zoonosis, 1889–90 flu pandemic, 1968 flu pandemic, 2009 flu pandemic, 2009 flu pandemic in Mexico. Expand index (106 more) »
Adjuvant
An adjuvant is a pharmacological or immunological agent that modifies the effect of other agents.
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Alum
An alum is a type of chemical compound, usually a hydrated double sulfate salt of aluminium with the general formula, where X is a monovalent cation such as potassium or ammonium.
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Amantadine
Amantadine (trade name Symmetrel, by Endo Pharmaceuticals) is a medication that has U.S. Food and Drug Administration approval for use both as an antiviral and an antiparkinsonian medication.
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Amino acid
Amino acids are organic compounds containing amine (-NH2) and carboxyl (-COOH) functional groups, along with a side chain (R group) specific to each amino acid.
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Antigen
In immunology, an antigen is a molecule capable of inducing an immune response (to produce an antibody) in the host organism.
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Antigenic shift
Antigenic shift is the process by which two or more different strains of a virus, or strains of two or more different viruses, combine to form a new subtype having a mixture of the surface antigens of the two or more original strains.
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Antiviral drug
Antiviral drugs are a class of medication used specifically for treating viral infections rather than bacterial ones.
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Arctic
The Arctic is a polar region located at the northernmost part of Earth.
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AS03
AS03 (for "Adjuvant System 03") is the trade name for a squalene-based immunologic adjuvant used in various vaccine products by GlaxoSmithKline (GSK).
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AS04
AS04 (Aka. "Adjuvant System 04") is a trade name for combination of adjuvants used in various vaccine product by GlaxoSmithKline (GSK), in particular the Fendrix Hepatitis B vaccine.
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Avian influenza
Avian influenza—known informally as avian flu or bird flu is a variety of influenza caused by viruses adapted to birds.
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Bacterial pneumonia
Bacterial pneumonia is a type of pneumonia caused by bacterial infection.
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Barack Obama
Barack Hussein Obama II (born August 4, 1961) is an American politician who served as the 44th President of the United States from January 20, 2009, to January 20, 2017.
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Bioterrorism
Bioterrorism is terrorism involving the intentional release or dissemination of biological agents.
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Black Death
The Black Death, also known as the Great Plague, the Black Plague, or simply the Plague, was one of the most devastating pandemics in human history, resulting in the deaths of an estimated people in Eurasia and peaking in Europe from 1347 to 1351.
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Black-headed gull
The black-headed gull (Chroicocephalus ridibundus) is a small gull that breeds in much of Europe and Asia, and also in coastal eastern Canada.
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Bleeding
Bleeding, also known as hemorrhaging or haemorrhaging, is blood escaping from the circulatory system.
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Canine influenza
Canine influenza (dog flu) is influenza occurring in canine animals.
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Case fatality rate
In epidemiology, a case fatality rate (CFR)—or case fatality risk, case fatality ratio or just fatality rate—is the proportion of deaths within a designated population of "cases" (people with a medical condition) over the course of the disease.
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Center for Infectious Disease Research and Policy
The Center for Infectious Disease Research and Policy (CIDRAP) is a center within the University of Minnesota that focuses on addressing public health preparedness and emerging infectious disease response.
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Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) is the leading national public health institute of the United States.
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Chiron Corporation
Chiron Corporation was an American multinational biotechnology firm based in Emeryville, California that was acquired by Novartis International AG on April 20, 2006.
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Cholera
Cholera is an infection of the small intestine by some strains of the bacterium Vibrio cholerae.
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Clade
A clade (from κλάδος, klados, "branch"), also known as monophyletic group, is a group of organisms that consists of a common ancestor and all its lineal descendants, and represents a single "branch" on the "tree of life".
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Common cold
The common cold, also known simply as a cold, is a viral infectious disease of the upper respiratory tract that primarily affects the nose.
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Council on Foreign Relations
The Council on Foreign Relations (CFR), founded in 1921, is a United States nonprofit think tank specializing in U.S. foreign policy and international affairs.
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Cytokine release syndrome
Cytokine release syndrome is a form of systemic inflammatory response syndrome that arises as a complication of some diseases or infections, and is also an adverse effect of some monoclonal antibody drugs, as well as adoptive T-cell therapies.
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David Nabarro
David Nabarro (born 26 August 1949) is a medical doctor, international civil servant and diplomat, who served as Special Adviser to the United Nations (UN) Secretary-General on the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and Climate Change.
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Detergent
A detergent is a surfactant or a mixture of surfactants with cleaning properties in dilute solutions.
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Diarrhea
Diarrhea, also spelled diarrhoea, is the condition of having at least three loose or liquid bowel movements each day.
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Dick Durbin
Richard Joseph Durbin (born November 21, 1944) is an American politician serving as the senior United States Senator from Illinois since 1997.
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Disinfectant
Disinfectants are antimicrobial agents that are applied to the surface of non-living objects to destroy microorganisms that are living on the objects.
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Edema
Edema, also spelled oedema or œdema, is an abnormal accumulation of fluid in the interstitium, located beneath the skin and in the cavities of the body, which can cause severe pain.
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Endemic (epidemiology)
In epidemiology, an infection is said to be endemic (from Greek ἐν en "in, within" and δῆμος demos "people") in a population when that infection is constantly maintained at a baseline level in a geographic area without external inputs.
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Epidemic
An epidemic (from Greek ἐπί epi "upon or above" and δῆμος demos "people") is the rapid spread of infectious disease to a large number of people in a given population within a short period of time, usually two weeks or less.
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Equine influenza
Equine influenza (horse flu) is the disease caused by strains of influenza A that are enzootic in horse species.
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European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control
The European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) is an independent agency of the European Union (EU) whose mission is to strengthen Europe's defences against infectious diseases.
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European Commission
The European Commission (EC) is an institution of the European Union, responsible for proposing legislation, implementing decisions, upholding the EU treaties and managing the day-to-day business of the EU.
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Evan Bayh
Birch Evans "Evan" Bayh III (born December 26, 1955) is an American lawyer, lobbyist and politician of the Democratic Party who served as the junior United States Senator from Indiana from 1999 to 2011 and the 46th Governor of Indiana from 1989 to 1997.
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Family (biology)
In biological classification, family (familia, plural familiae) is one of the eight major taxonomic ranks; it is classified between order and genus.
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Feces
Feces (or faeces) are the solid or semisolid remains of the food that could not be digested in the small intestine.
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Food and Agriculture Organization
The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO; Organisation des Nations unies pour l'alimentation et l'agriculture, Organizzazione delle Nazioni Unite per l'Alimentazione e l'Agricoltura) is a specialized agency of the United Nations that leads international efforts to defeat hunger.
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Food and Drug Administration
The Food and Drug Administration (FDA or USFDA) is a federal agency of the United States Department of Health and Human Services, one of the United States federal executive departments.
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Fujian flu
Fujian flu refers to flu caused by either a Fujian human flu strain of the H3N2 subtype of the Influenza A virus or a Fujian bird flu strain of the H5N1 subtype of the Influenza A virus.
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Gastroenteritis
Gastroenteritis, also known as infectious diarrhea, is inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract -- the stomach and small intestine.
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Genome
In the fields of molecular biology and genetics, a genome is the genetic material of an organism.
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George W. Bush
George Walker Bush (born July 6, 1946) is an American politician who served as the 43rd President of the United States from 2001 to 2009.
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Gilead Sciences
Gilead Sciences, Inc., commonly known as Gilead Sciences or Gilead (also styled GILEAD), is an American biopharmaceutical company that researches, develops and commercializes drugs.
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Glutamic acid
Glutamic acid (symbol Glu or E) is an α-amino acid with formula.
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Guizhou
Guizhou, formerly romanized as Kweichow, is a province of the People's Republic of China located in the southwestern part of the country.
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Harry Reid
Harry Mason Reid (born December 2, 1939) is a retired American politician who served as a United States Senator from Nevada from 1987 to 2017.
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Healthcare in Malaysia
Healthcare in Malaysia is mainly under the Ministry of Health.
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Hemagglutinin
Hemagglutinin or haemagglutinin (British English)p refers to a substance that causes red blood cells (RBCs) to agglutinate.
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Henipavirus
Henipavirus is a genus of RNA viruses in the family Paramyxoviridae, order Mononegavirales containing five established species.
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HIV/AIDS
Human immunodeficiency virus infection and acquired immune deficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) is a spectrum of conditions caused by infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).
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Immunity (medical)
In biology, immunity is the balanced state of multicellular organisms having adequate biological defenses to fight infection, disease, or other unwanted biological invasion, while having adequate tolerance to avoid allergy, and autoimmune diseases.
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Infection
Infection is the invasion of an organism's body tissues by disease-causing agents, their multiplication, and the reaction of host tissues to the infectious agents and the toxins they produce.
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Influenza
Influenza, commonly known as "the flu", is an infectious disease caused by an influenza virus.
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Influenza A virus
Influenza A virus causes influenza in birds and some mammals, and is the only species of influenza virus A genus of the Orthomyxoviridae family of viruses.
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Influenza A virus subtype H10N7
H10N7 is a subtype of the species Influenza A virus (sometimes called bird flu virus).
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Influenza A virus subtype H1N1
Influenza A (H1N1) virus is the subtype of influenza A virus that was the most common cause of human influenza (flu) in 2009, and is associated with the 1918 outbreak known as the Spanish Flu.
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Influenza A virus subtype H1N2
H1N2 is a subtype of the species Influenza A virus (sometimes called bird flu virus).
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Influenza A virus subtype H2N2
H2N2 is a subtype of the influenza A virus.
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Influenza A virus subtype H3N2
Influenza A virus subtype H3N2 (A/H3N2) is a subtype of viruses that causes influenza (flu).
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Influenza A virus subtype H3N8
H3N8 is a subtype of the species Influenza A virus that is endemic in birds, horses and dogs.
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Influenza A virus subtype H5N1
Influenza A virus subtype H5N1, also known as A(H5N1) or simply H5N1, is a subtype of the influenza A virus which can cause illness in humans and many other animal species.
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Influenza A virus subtype H7N2
H7N2 is a subtype of the species Influenza A virus.
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Influenza A virus subtype H7N3
H7N3 is a subtype of the species Influenza A virus (sometimes called bird flu virus).
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Influenza A virus subtype H7N7
H7N7 is a subtype of Influenza A virus, a genus of Orthomyxovirus, the viruses responsible for influenza.
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Influenza A virus subtype H9N2
H9N2 is a subtype of the species Influenza A virus (bird flu virus).
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Influenza pandemic
An influenza pandemic is an epidemic of an influenza virus that spreads on a worldwide scale and infects a large proportion of the world population.
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Influenza vaccine
Influenza vaccines, also known as flu shots or flu jabs, are vaccines that protect against infection by Influenza viruses.
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Influenzavirus B
Influenzavirus B is a genus in the virus family Orthomyxoviridae.
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International Partnership on Avian and Pandemic Influenza
President George W. Bush announced the International Partnership on Avian and Pandemic Influenza in his remarks to the High-Level Plenary Meeting of the United Nations General Assembly on September 14, 2005, in New York.
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King County, Washington
King County is a county located in the U.S. state of Washington.
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List of epidemics
This article is a list of epidemics of infectious disease.
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Lysine
Lysine (symbol Lys or K) is an α-amino acid that is used in the biosynthesis of proteins.
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Malaise
Malaise is a feeling of general discomfort, uneasiness or pain, often the first indication of an infection or other disease.
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Mammal
Mammals are the vertebrates within the class Mammalia (from Latin mamma "breast"), a clade of endothermic amniotes distinguished from reptiles (including birds) by the possession of a neocortex (a region of the brain), hair, three middle ear bones, and mammary glands.
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Megabat
Megabats constitute the suborder Megachiroptera, and its only family Pteropodidae of the order Chiroptera (bats).
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MF59
MF59 is an immunologic adjuvant that uses squalene.
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Mortality rate
Mortality rate, or death rate, is a measure of the number of deaths (in general, or due to a specific cause) in a particular population, scaled to the size of that population, per unit of time.
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Mucus
Mucus is a slippery aqueous secretion produced by, and covering, mucous membranes.
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Mutation
In biology, a mutation is the permanent alteration of the nucleotide sequence of the genome of an organism, virus, or extrachromosomal DNA or other genetic elements.
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Myalgia
Myalgia, or muscle pain, is a symptom of many diseases and disorders.
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National Academies Press
The National Academies Press (NAP) was created to publish the reports issued by the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, the National Academy of Engineering, the National Academy of Medicine, and the National Research Council.
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National Academy of Medicine
The National Academy of Medicine (NAM), formerly called the Institute of Medicine (IoM), is an American nonprofit, non-governmental organization.
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National Influenza Centers
National Influenza Centers (also called National Influenza Centres) are institutions which are formally recognized as such by the World Health Organization (WHO).
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National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) is the United States federal agency responsible for conducting research and making recommendations for the prevention of work-related injury and illness.
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National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases
The National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) is one of the 27 institutes and centers that make up the National Institutes of Health (NIH), an agency of the United States Department of Health and Human Services (HHS).
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Neuraminidase
Neuraminidase enzymes are glycoside hydrolase enzymes that cleave the glycosidic linkages of neuraminic acids.
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Neuraminidase inhibitor
Neuraminidase inhibitors (NAIs) are a class of drugs which block the neuraminidase enzyme.
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New Scientist
New Scientist, first published on 22 November 1956, is a weekly, English-language magazine that covers all aspects of science and technology.
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Orthomyxoviridae
The Orthomyxoviruses (ὀρθός, orthós, Greek for "straight"; μύξα, mýxa, Greek for "mucus") are a family of RNA viruses that includes seven genera: Influenza virus A, Influenza virus B, Influenza virus C, Influenza virus D, Isavirus, Thogotovirus and Quaranjavirus.
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Oseltamivir
Oseltamivir, sold under the brand name Tamiflu, is an antiviral medication used to treat and prevent influenza A and influenza B (flu).
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Pandemic
A pandemic (from Greek πᾶν pan "all" and δῆμος demos "people") is an epidemic of infectious disease that has spread across a large region; for instance multiple continents, or even worldwide.
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Pandemic H1N1/09 virus
The Pandemic H1N1/09 virus is a swine origin Influenza A virus subtype H1N1 virus strain responsible for the 2009 flu pandemic.
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Pandemic Preparedness and Response Act
The Pandemic Preparedness and Response Act is a bill introduced on October 5, 2005 by U.S. Senators Harry Reid, Evan Bayh, Dick Durbin, Ted Kennedy, Barack Obama, and Tom Harkin in response to the growing threat of an outbreak of avian influenza.
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Pandemic severity index
The pandemic severity index (PSI) is a proposed classification scale for reporting the severity of influenza pandemics in the United States.
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Particulates
Atmospheric aerosol particles, also known as atmospheric particulate matter, particulate matter (PM), particulates, or suspended particulate matter (SPM) are microscopic solid or liquid matter suspended in Earth's atmosphere.
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Pathogen
In biology, a pathogen (πάθος pathos "suffering, passion" and -γενής -genēs "producer of") or a '''germ''' in the oldest and broadest sense is anything that can produce disease; the term came into use in the 1880s.
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Petechia
A petechia, plural petechiae, is a small (1–2 mm) red or purple spot on the skin, caused by a minor bleed from broken capillary blood vessels.
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Pneumonia
Pneumonia is an inflammatory condition of the lung affecting primarily the small air sacs known as alveoli.
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Politics of Malaysia
Politics of Malaysia takes place in the framework of a federal representative democratic constitutional monarchy, in which the Yang di-Pertuan Agong is head of state and the Prime Minister of Malaysia is the head of government.
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Probenecid
Probenecid, also sold under the brandname Probalan, is a medication that increases uric acid excretion in the urine.
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Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America (PNAS) is the official scientific journal of the National Academy of Sciences, published since 1915.
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Public Health Agency of Canada
The Public Health Agency of Canada (French: Agence de la santé publique du Canada) is an agency of the Government of Canada that is responsible for public health, emergency preparedness, and response and infectious and chronic disease control and prevention.
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Residue (chemistry)
In chemistry residue is whatever remains or acts as a contaminant after a given class of events.
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Reuters
Reuters is an international news agency headquartered in London, United Kingdom.
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Rimantadine
Rimantadine (INN, sold under the trade name Flumadine) is an orally administered antiviral drug used to treat, and in rare cases prevent, influenzavirus A infection.
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RNA
Ribonucleic acid (RNA) is a polymeric molecule essential in various biological roles in coding, decoding, regulation, and expression of genes.
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RNA polymerase
RNA polymerase (ribonucleic acid polymerase), both abbreviated RNAP or RNApol, official name DNA-directed RNA polymerase, is a member of a family of enzymes that are essential to life: they are found in all organisms (-species) and many viruses.
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RNA virus
An RNA virus is a virus that has RNA (ribonucleic acid) as its genetic material.
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Saliva
Saliva is a watery substance formed in the mouths of animals, secreted by the salivary glands.
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Sanofi
Sanofi S.A. is a French multinational pharmaceutical company headquartered in Gentilly, France, as of 2013 the world's fifth-largest by prescription sales.
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Sanofi Pasteur
Sanofi Pasteur is the vaccines division of the multinational pharmaceutical company Sanofi.
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Science (journal)
Science, also widely referred to as Science Magazine, is the peer-reviewed academic journal of the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) and one of the world's top academic journals.
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Sequela
A sequela (usually used in the plural, sequelae) is a pathological condition resulting from a disease, injury, therapy, or other trauma.
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Severe acute respiratory syndrome
Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) is a viral respiratory disease of zoonotic origin caused by the SARS coronavirus (SARS-CoV).
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Sialic acid
Sialic acid is a generic term for the N- or O-substituted derivatives of neuraminic acid, a monosaccharide with a nine-carbon backbone.
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Siberia
Siberia (a) is an extensive geographical region, and by the broadest definition is also known as North Asia.
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Spanish flu
The Spanish flu (January 1918 – December 1920), also known as the 1918 flu pandemic, was an unusually deadly influenza pandemic, the first of the two pandemics involving H1N1 influenza virus.
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Species
In biology, a species is the basic unit of classification and a taxonomic rank, as well as a unit of biodiversity, but it has proven difficult to find a satisfactory definition.
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Strain (biology)
In biology, a strain is a low-level taxonomic rank used at the intraspecific level (within a species).
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Subsistence agriculture
Subsistence agriculture is a self-sufficiency farming system in which the farmers focus on growing enough food to feed themselves and their entire families.
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Surgical mask
A surgical mask, also known as a procedure mask, is intended to be worn by health professionals during surgery and during nursing to catch the bacteria shed in liquid droplets and aerosols from the wearer's mouth and nose.
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Swine influenza
Swine influenza is an infection caused by any one of several types of swine influenza viruses.
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Ted Kennedy
Edward Moore "Ted" Kennedy (February 22, 1932 – August 25, 2009) was an American politician who served in the United States Senate from Massachusetts for almost 47 years, from 1962 until his death in 2009.
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Telecommuting
Telecommuting, also called telework, teleworking, working from home, mobile work, remote work, and flexible workplace, is a work arrangement in which employees do not commute or travel (e.g. by bus or car) to a central place of work, such as an office building, warehouse, or store.
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The Lancet
The Lancet is a weekly peer-reviewed general medical journal.
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The New England Journal of Medicine
The New England Journal of Medicine (NEJM) is a weekly medical journal published by the Massachusetts Medical Society.
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The New York Times
The New York Times (sometimes abbreviated as The NYT or The Times) is an American newspaper based in New York City with worldwide influence and readership.
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The New Zealand Herald
The New Zealand Herald is a daily newspaper published in Auckland, New Zealand, owned by New Zealand Media and Entertainment.
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Timeline of influenza
This is a timeline of influenza, briefly describing major events such as outbreaks, epidemics, pandemics, discoveries and developments of vaccines.
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Tom Harkin
Thomas Richard Harkin (born November 19, 1939) is an American politician, attorney and author who served as a United States Senator from Iowa from 1985 to 2015.
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Tommy Thompson
Tommy George Thompson (born November 19, 1941) is an American Republican politician who was a state legislator in Wisconsin, and 42nd Governor of Wisconsin from 1987 to 2001, and is the longest serving governor in the state's history.
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United Nations General Assembly
The United Nations General Assembly (UNGA or GA; Assemblée Générale AG) is one of the six principal organs of the United Nations (UN), the only one in which all member nations have equal representation, and the main deliberative, policy-making and representative organ of the UN.
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United States Agency for International Development
The United States Agency for International Development (USAID) is an independent agency of the United States federal government that is primarily responsible for administering civilian foreign aid and development assistance.
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United States Department of Agriculture
The United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), also known as the Agriculture Department, is the U.S. federal executive department responsible for developing and executing federal laws related to farming, forestry, and food.
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United States Department of Health and Human Services
The United States Department of Health and Human Services (HHS), also known as the Health Department, is a cabinet-level department of the U.S. federal government with the goal of protecting the health of all Americans and providing essential human services.
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United States Department of State
The United States Department of State (DOS), often referred to as the State Department, is the United States federal executive department that advises the President and represents the country in international affairs and foreign policy issues.
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United States Geological Survey
The United States Geological Survey (USGS, formerly simply Geological Survey) is a scientific agency of the United States government.
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University of Minnesota
The University of Minnesota, Twin Cities (often referred to as the University of Minnesota, Minnesota, the U of M, UMN, or simply the U) is a public research university in Minneapolis and Saint Paul, Minnesota.
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Vaccination
Vaccination is the administration of antigenic material (a vaccine) to stimulate an individual's immune system to develop adaptive immunity to a pathogen.
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Vaccine
A vaccine is a biological preparation that provides active acquired immunity to a particular disease.
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Wet market
In Hong Kong English and Singapore English, a wet market is a market selling fresh meat and produce, distinguished from dry markets which sell durable goods such as cloth and electronics.
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Wild duck
The wild duck is the non-domesticated ancestor of the domestic duck.
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World Health Organization
The World Health Organization (WHO; French: Organisation mondiale de la santé) is a specialized agency of the United Nations that is concerned with international public health.
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World Organisation for Animal Health
The World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE) is an intergovernmental organization coordinating, supporting and promoting animal disease control.
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World population
In demographics, the world population is the total number of humans currently living, and was estimated to have reached 7.6 billion people as of May 2018.
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Zanamivir
Zanamivir is a medication used to treat and prevent influenza caused by influenza A and B viruses.
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Zoonosis
Zoonoses are infectious diseases that can be transmitted between animals and humans.
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1889–90 flu pandemic
The 1889–1890 flu pandemic (October 1889 – December 1890, with recurrences March – June 1891, November 1891 – June 1892, winter 1893–1894 and early 1895) was a deadly influenza pandemic that killed about 1 million people worldwide.
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1968 flu pandemic
The 1968 flu pandemic was a category 2 flu pandemic whose outbreak in 1968 and 1969 killed an estimated one million people worldwide.
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2009 flu pandemic
The 2009 flu pandemic or swine flu was an influenza pandemic, and the second of the two pandemics involving H1N1 influenza virus (the first of them being the 1918 flu pandemic), albeit in a new version.
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2009 flu pandemic in Mexico
In March and April 2009, an outbreak of a new strain of influenza commonly referred to as "swine flu" infected many people in Mexico and other parts of the world, causing illness ranging from mild to severe.
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Asian influenza, Avian flu pandemic, Flu epidemic, Flu epidemics, Flu pandemic, Flu pandemics, Global flu pandemic, Global flu pandemics, Global influenza pandemic, Global influenza pandemics, Hong Kong influenza, Influenza Pandemic, Influenza epicentre, Influenza pandemics, Pandemic Alert Level, Pandemic alert, Pandemic flu, Pandemic influenza, Pandemic influenza phases, Pandemic level, Pandemic phase, Pandemic phase 5, UN pandemic alert level, WHO Pandemic Alert Level, WHO pandemic alert levels, WHO pandemic phases, WHO phase of pandemic alert.
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Influenza_pandemic
